名词冠词介词形容词

名词冠词介词形容词（共6篇）

篇1：名词冠词介词形容词

冠词

 不定冠词的用法及语法说明 1.用 a 还是用an：

一般说来，在辅音或半元音开头的词前用a, 而在元音开头的词前用an。注意：

有些以元音字母开头的单词，由于第一个音不是元音而是辅音，其前仍用a而不用an：

a one-eyed man 一个独眼人

a European country 一个欧洲国家

2.单数可数名词若泛指，其前需加 a，an, 不要从汉语习惯出发，漏掉此不定冠词：

He is a famous film star.他是著名影星。

3.专有名词转化为普通名词，其前可用 a(an)，表示某某人或某某人的一部作品、艺术品等：

a Mr Smith 一位名叫史密斯先生的人

4.物质名词转化为普通名词，其前可以使用 a(an)，有时表示相应产品或种类，有时表示数量关系： a good wine 一种好酒

5.在序数词之前使用a(an)，可以表示数量或序数的增加： Soon I saw a second plane.不久我又看到了一架飞机。6.与形容词的最高级连用，表示“非常”、“很”等：

This is a almost interesting story.这是一个非常有趣的故事。

7.用于修饰名词的定语前，表示某种状态。此时的不定冠词含有类似 a kind of 的意思：

climate 气候→a mild climate 温和的气候

have breakfast 吃早餐→have a quick breakfast吃快餐

8.不定冠词a(an)与数词 one 都可表示“一”，但是两者有差别： 不定冠词 a(an)表示“类别”概念，而数词 one 表示“数量”概念

9.两个单数可数名词连用表示一个整体时，只用一个冠词： He is a teacher and poet.他既是老师又是诗人。

10.与副词 quite / rather 连用时，a(an)一般要后置，但若其后的名词前有形容词修饰，则 a(an)放在 quite rather 之前或之后均可以：

He is rather a fool.他是个大傻瓜。

It is quite a good book.那是本很好的书。It is a quite good book.那是本很好的书。

11.当 too, so, as, how 等词之后接有“形容词＋单数可数名词”时，不定冠词 a(an)应放在形容词和单数可数名词之间 It is too difficult a book for us beginners.She is as good a cook as her mother.12.不定冠词可用来表示“类属”，这是其基本用法，它表明的是某一类属中的每一个人和东西都能说明该类属的整体情况。此时也可用定冠词或名词复数形式来表示。

正：A horse is a useful animal.正：Horses are useful animals. 定冠词的主要用法归纳

1.表示特指：特指某(些)人或某(些)物(包括用于上文提到过的人或物之前，以及说话双方都知道的人或物)。如：

We have a cat and two dogs.The cat is black and the dogs are white.2.表示独一无二：用在世界上“独一无二”的事物的名词前。如： The earth goes round the sun.3.用于最高级前：即用于形容词或副词的最高级前。Who picked the most apples? Of the four of us, I sang the worst.4.用于序数词或方位词之前。He was the first man to think of it.Italy is in the south of Europe.5.用于乐器名词前：表示相应乐器的演奏。如： Besides the violin, he plays the piano and the flute.。

6.表示人体部位：用于某些介词短语中指身体的某个部位。如： He patted me on the back.。

7.用于表示一家人：用于在姓氏的复数形式之前表示一家人或夫妇二人。如： The Smiths live in the apartment above ours.8.用于江河湖海等前：用于江河湖海、山脉群岛、海湾海峡等地理名词前。如： The Yellow River flows into the Yellow Sea.9.用于某些含有普通名词的专有名词前：用于某些国名、组织机构、建筑物、报纸杂志、会议条约等含有普通名词与其他词构成的专有名词。如： We visited the Great Wall yesterday.定冠词的五种特指&类别用法 一，定冠词的五种特指

(1)特指前面已提到的人或物：

Look!A car has stopped there.The car is beautiful.(2)特指说话双方都知道或能体会到的人或物： Why not ask the teacher? Pass me the dictionary, please.(3)用于带后置定语的名词前，表示特定的人或物： I like the magazine on the desk.The supper her mother cooked was delicious.。

(4)用于比较级前，特指两个被比较对象中的一个： Of the two brothers, the younger is more interesting.(5)用于加强特指含义，意为“正好是”、“刚好是”等(此时的定冠词需重读)This is the word to be used here.。二，定冠词的类别用法

(1).与单数可数名词连用表类别。

The cobra is dangerous.眼镜蛇是危险的。

定冠词和不定冠词与单数可数名词连用都可表示“类别”，有时可互换(此时用复数形式也是可能的)：

A horse is a useful animal./ The horse is a useful animal./ Horses are useful animals.【注】不定冠词表示类别时往往强调的是个体，主要起泛指作用，具有类似any的含义，如说A tiger can be dangerous(老虎是危险的)，其意是指任何一只老虎都是危险的。但是，若要表示某个类属的整体，即概括某个类属的所有成员，则不能用不定冠词，而用定冠词，如以下两例中的定冠词就不能换成不定冠词(但可用复数)： The tiger is [Tigers are] in danger of becoming extinct.The motor car has [Motor cars have] become very popular.。

另一方面，尽管可以用定冠词加单数可数名词来表示某一类人或物，但在很多情况下这种用法会让人造成误解或含义不清。如说Ａtiger can be dangerous(老虎是危险的)，其意是清楚的，若说成The tiger can be dangerous，则可能有歧义，即可理解为“老虎是危险的”或“这只老虎是危险的”。

概括地说，当要泛指某类人或物中的任何一个时，通常用不定冠词，若不产生歧义或误解，也可用定冠词；但是，当要概括某个类属的整体时，则只能用定冠词，不能用不定冠词。

(2).与某些形容词连用表示类别 ① 与表示特征、特性、品质等方面的形容词连用： He set up a school for the deaf and the dumb.Those of us who are sighted don’t understand the problems of the blind.【注】这类用法往往具有复数意义：

The rich are not always happier than the poor.The old are more likely to catch cold than the young.但若表抽象概念，则表单数意义：

The beautiful is not always the same as the good.② 与某些过去分词转化来的形容词连用： Times are hard for the unemployed.Many of the wounded died on their way to hospital.③ 与某些表国籍的形容词连用：

The French are famous for their cooking.法国人以善烹调著称。④与某些形容词连用表示抽象概念

One must learn to take the bad with the good.人必须学会好坏都能承受。【注】：“the+形容词”的语法特征 ①复数性：“the+形容词”表示一类具有某种特征或特性的人时，通常表示复数意义，若用作主语，谓语要用复数。如：

The injured were carried away on stretchers.用担架把受伤的人抬走了。

The old are more likely to catch cold than the young.老年人比年轻人更容易感冒。②单数性：“the+形容词”若表示抽象概念，则表示单数意义，用作主语时，谓语要用单数如：

The beautiful is not always the good, and the good is not always the true.③单复性：有个别的“the+形容词”结构既表示单数意义，也表示复数意义，若用作主语，谓语动词用单数还是复数需视情况而定。如：the good 指“好人”时表复数意

义，指“善”时表单数意义；the accused 指一名被告时表单数意义，指多名被告时表复数意义。比较：

The accused was acquitted of the charge.被告被宣告无罪。(指一人)The accused were acquitted of the charge.被告均被宣告无罪。(指多人)④习惯性：有的表达带有一定的习惯性，如“病人”习惯说成 the sick，而不说 the ill；这类结构习惯上不用于-’s 所有格形式，若语义需要，可考虑用 of 所有格。如： 正：He is interested in the problems of the poor.他对穷人的问题感兴趣。 零冠词的用法： 1 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前 Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air 名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制 I want this book, not that one./ Whose purse is this? 季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前 March, Sunday, National Day, spring 4 表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前 Lincoln was made President of America.5 学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前 He likes playing football/chess.6 与by连用表示交通工具的名词前 by train, by air, by land 以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时 husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night 表示泛指的复数名词前 Horses are useful animals.名词

名词

 名词的种类：

专有名词 普通名词 国名.地名.人名，团体.机构名称可数名词 不可数名词

个体名词 集体名词 抽象名词 物质名词  名词的数：

一、规则名词的复数形式：

名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：1 一般情况在词尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes 以-f或-fe结尾的词 变-f和-fe为v再加-es leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves,加-s belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es party-parties, family-families, story-stories, 5 以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-s toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, 6 以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词 一般加-es hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes，不少外来词加-s piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos 两者皆可 zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos 8 以-th结尾的名词加-s truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths，二、不规则名词复数：

英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下： 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man-men, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 单复数相同 sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, 只有复数形式 ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents 4 一些集体名词总是用作复数 people, police, cattle, staff 5 部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party 复数形式表示特别含义 customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)表示“某国人” 加-s Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans 单复数同形 Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese

以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women Englishmen, Frenchwomen 合成名词 将主体名词变为复数 sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends 无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches

将两部分变为复数 women singers, men servants  名词的所有格：

名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。

1.’s所有格的构成：

单数名词在末尾加’s the boy’s father, Jack’s book, her son-in-law’s photo, 复数名词 一般在末尾加’ the teachers’ room, the twins’ mother, 不规则复数名词后加’s the children’s toys, women’s rights，以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’ Dickens’ novels, Charles’s job, the Smiths’ house 表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’s Japan’s and America’s problems, Jane’s and Mary’s bikes

表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’s Japan and America’s problems, 表示＂某人家＂＂店铺＂，所有格后名词省略 the doctor’s, the barber’s, the tailor’s, my uncle’s 2.’s所有格的用法：

１ 表示时间 today’s newspaper, five weeks’ holiday ○2 表示自然现象 the earth’s atmosphere, the tree’s branches ○3 表示国家城市等地方的名词 the country’s plan, the world’s population, China’s ○industry 表示工作群体 the ship’s crew, majority’s view, the team’s victory

○5 表示度量衡及价值 a mile’s journey, five dollars’ worth of apples ○6 与人类活动有特殊关系的名词 the life’s time, the play’s plot ○7 某些固定词组 a bird’s eye view, a stone’s throw, at one’s wit’s end(不知所措)○ 5

3.of所有格的用法：

用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book 用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed 代词：

一、代词可以分为以下七大类： 人称代词 主格 I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they 宾格 me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them 物主代词 形容词性 my, your, his, her, its, our, their 名词性 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs 反身代词 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 4 指示代词 this, that, these, those, such, some 疑问代词 who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever 6 关系代词 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 不定代词 one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little，other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either

二、不定代词用法注意点： 1.one, some与any: 1)one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。

One should learn to think of others.Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks.I have some questions to ask.2)some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。

Would you like some bananas? Could you give me some money? 3)some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。I have read this article in some magazine.Please correct the mistakes, if any.4)some和数词连用表示“大约”，any可与比较级连用表示程度。

There are some 3,000 students in this school.Do you feel any better today? 2.each和every: each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。

Each student has a pocket dictionary./ Each(of us)has a dictionary./ We each have a dictionary.Every student has strong and weak points./ Every one of us has strong and weak points.3.none和no：

no等于not any，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。There is no water in the bottle.How much water is there in the bottle? None.None of the students are(is)afraid of difficulties.4.other和another:

1)other泛指“另外的，别的”常与其他词连用，如：the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way，the other特指两者中的另外一个，复数为the others。如： He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.2)another指“又一个，另一个”无所指，复数形式是others，泛指“别的人或事”如： I don’t like this shirt, please show me another(one).The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.Some like football, while others like basketball.5.all和both, neither和either all表示不可数名词时，其谓语动词用单数。both和all加否定词表示部分否定，全部否定用neither和none.All of the books are not written in English./ Not all of the books are written in English.Both of us are not teachers./ Not both of us are teachers./ Either of us is a teacher.形容词和副词

I.形容词：

1.形容词的位置：

1)形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况后置： 修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时 nobody absent, everything possible 以-able,-ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后 the best book available, the only solution possible alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可以后置 the only person awake 4 和空间、时间、单位连用时 a bridge 50 meters long 5 成对的形容词可以后置 a huge room simple and beautiful 6 形容词短语一般后置 a man difficult to get on with 2)复合形容词的构成： 形容词+名词+ed kind-hearted 6 名词+形容词 world-famous 2 形容词+形容词 dark-blue 7 名词+现在分词 peace-loving 形容词+现在分词 ordinary-looking 8 名词+过去分词 snow-covered 4 副词+现在分词 hard-working 9 数词+名词+ed three-egged 5 副词+过去分词 newly-built 10 数词+名词 twenty-year II.副词

副词的分类： 时间副词 soon, now, early, finally, once, recently 5 频度副词 always, often, frequently, seldom, never 地点副词 here, nearby, outside, upwards, above 6 疑问副词 how, where, when, why 3 方式副词 hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really 7 连接副词 how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile 程度副词 almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather 8 关系副词 when, where, why III.形容词和副词比较等级：

形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。

1.同级比较时常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as…如：I am not so good a player as you are.2.可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。

3.表示一方随另一方变化时用“the more…the more…”句型。如：The harder you work, the more progress you will make.4.用比较级来表达最高级的意思。如：I have never spent a more worrying day.5.表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：

Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours./Our school is four times the size of yours.6.表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect。

介词

I.介词分类： 简单介词 about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on 合成介词 inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon, within, without 3 短语介词 according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to 4 双重介词 from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between 5 分词转化成的介词 considering(就而论), including 6 形容词转化成的介词 like, unlike, near, next, opposite II.常用介词区别： 表示时间的in, on, at at表示片刻的时间，in表示一段的时间，on总是与日子有关表示时间的since, from since 指从过去到现在的一段时间，和完成时连用，from指从时间的某一点开始 表示时间的in, after in指在一段时间之后，after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中 表示地理位置的in, on, to in表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外 表示“在…上”的on, in on只表示在某物的表面上，in表示占去某物一部分 表示“穿过”的through, across through表示从内部通过，与in有关，across表示在表面上通过，与on有关 表示“关于”的about, on about指涉及到，on指专门论述 between与among的区别 between表示在两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间 besides与except的区别 besides指“除了…还有再加上”，except指“除了，减去什么”，不放在句首 表示“用”的in, with with表示具体的工具，in表示材料，方式，方法，度量，单位，语言，声音 as与like的区别 as意为“作为，以…地位或身份”，like为“象…一样”，指情形相似in与into区别 in通常表示位置（静态），into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置

篇2：名词冠词介词形容词

he raises a black and a white cat. 他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。

the black and the white cats are hers. 这只黑猫和白猫都是他的。

2) 如后一个形容词无冠词，则指一物。

篇3：名词与冠词考点归纳与精练

一、2015年高考对名词和冠词的考查情况

语法填空题中全国Ⅰ卷、全国Ⅱ卷和广东卷都是根据短文或空后面的提示填入正确的单词或单词形式,设题10处,每题1.5分。江苏卷为任务型阅读,要求阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词;全文设题10处,每题1分,其中有5处需要填入名词,占比50%。

单项选择题以考查语法为主,在试卷中设15小题,每题1分。基本以考查名词为主,冠词少有涉及。此外,随着高考试题命题方式的改革,单项选择题呈现逐步缩减的趋势。

短文改错是比较稳定的题型,一篇文章中设置10处错误,每改对1处得1分。短文改错题型考查知识点分布广,考查灵活,名词、冠词考点一般各占1题。

完形填空是整套试卷中分值占比较大的一个题,也是比较容易拉开差距的难题。完形填空大都取材于一篇210~270字的文章,设空20处,每题分值1.5分,共30分。考查内容以动词、名词、形容词和副词为主,一般不涉及冠词。对名词的考查以词或者短语的辨析为主, 少量涉及固定搭配。

二、名词和冠词的考查形式与考查规律

1. 对名词的考查

主要有四种考查方式:词义辨析和习惯搭配,这两种考查方式主要出现在完形填空题和单项选择题中;名词的数与格、名词的词性和词形的转化,这两种考查方式主要出现在语法填空题和短文改错题中。

【典例1】He gave himself a new name to hide his22when he went to carry out the secret task. (2015年湖北卷)

A. emotionB. talent

C. identityD. treasure

解析:本题考查四个名词的词义辨析。 emotion意为“感情”;talent意为“天赋”;identity意为“身份”;treasure意为“财富”。根据句意可知选C。

【典例2】There is no need to tell me your an-swer now. Give it some30and then let me know. (2015年安徽卷)

A. thoughtB. support

C. protection D. authority

解析:本题考查名词短语的固定搭配。give it some thought意为“考虑一下”。先考虑然后再回答,所以选A。

【典例3】Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live32nature. (2015年福建卷)

A. in view ofB. in need of

C. in touch withD. in harmony with

解析:本题考查名词短语的固定搭配。in harmony with意为“与……和谐相处”,根据“人类生活是大自然的一部分”可以判断出,人与自然应该和谐相处,因此选D。

【典例4】Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River which are pic-tured by artists in so many Chinese _______(painting). (2015全国Ⅰ卷)

解析:本题考查名词的单复数形式。前面有many修饰,所以要用复数形式paintings。

【典例5】In addition to their simple beauty,what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their63(able) to“ air condition ”a house without64(use)electric equipment. (2015年全国Ⅱ卷)

解析:本题考查名词的词性、词性的变化。 63空前有their,说明应该填入一个名词,因此需要把形容词able转化成名词ability,这个词形的变化比较特殊,需要给予特别的关注。64空前面是介词without,后面应该使用动名词, 因此将use转化成using。

【典例6】72(explain)of the two classes.(2015年江苏卷)

解析:本题考查名词的特殊形式。根据文章意思,很容易判断出此处应该填入explain的名词复数形式。但其名词形式是explanation,在转变成名词时去掉字母i, 此处好多同学容易犯错,此外复数形式也让一些粗心的同学后悔不已。答案是Explanations。

2. 对冠词的考查

主要体现在短文改错题中,少量试题出现在语法填空题和单项选择题中。考查内容集中在两个方面:冠词的基本用法,固定短语或固定句式中冠词的用法。

【典例1】The adobe dwellings (土坯房)...are admired by even62most modern of archi-tects and engineers. (2015年全国Ⅱ卷)

解析:本题考查冠词的基本用法。62空后面是最高级,需要使用定冠词the。因此本处答案为the。

【典例2】改错:I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning. (2015年浙江卷)

解析:本题考查冠词的固定搭配。in a hurry是固定短语,意思是“匆匆忙忙地”。所以需要在hurry前面加上一个不定冠词a。

【典例3】_______more learned a man is,_______more modest he usually becomes. (2015年陕西卷)

A. The ; theB. A; a

C. The ; a D. A; the

解析:本题考查固定句式中冠词的用法。 “the more..., the more...”意为“越……,越……”。 所以要选择A。

三、名词和冠词规律性知识总结

熟悉高考考查的方式和规律,有针对性地复习名词和冠词的知识点,就能起到事半功倍的作用。名词是英语语言的知识基础,平常学习时就要注重名词词汇量的积累,准确区别近似事物的不同表达,以及相似词汇的固定用法,考试的时候就能手到分来。此外,对于规律性知识要牢固把握,做到规律性知识记得牢, 特殊例子不出错。

1. 名词规律性知识总结

1)名词的数

(1)不可数名词如物质名词、专有名词和抽象名词没有复数形式;个体名词和集体名词有复数形式,一般是在词尾加s,如:two Germans(两个德国人)。

高考中常考的不可数名词,如:news, information, equipment, furniture, fun, progress等。

(2)以-s, -x, -ch,-sh结尾的名词通常加-es构成复数;stomach例外,直接在词尾加s。

(3)以-y结尾的单词分为两类: 以“辅音+y” 结尾的名词,把y改成i再加-es,如:factories,countries; 以“元音+y”结尾的名词,或专有名词以-y结尾的,直接在词尾加-s,如:boys, toys,Germanys, Henrys等。

(4)以-f或-fe结尾的单词也分为两类:直接加-s,如:beliefs (信仰), proofs (证据), gulfs (深渊), roofs (屋顶), chiefs (首领), serfs (农奴),safes (保险箱);变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如: wives, leaves等。

(5)以-o结尾的单词需要注意三种情况:以o结尾的外来词,变复数时只加-s,如:radios,photos, pianos等;以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词后加-es常见的有三个:heroes, tomatoes, potatoes;以-oo结尾的名词后加-s,如:bamboos,zoos。

(6)单复数变化不规则的名词有三种情况:改变单数名词中的元音字母,或其他形式, 如:man → men, woman → women, tooth →teeth, foot → feet, child → children, mouse → mice, goose → geese, ox →oxen,five Englishmen等;单、复数形式相同,如:sheep,deer,fish, means, works(工厂) ,Chinese,Japanese等。

(7)复合名词的复数形式也有三种:有中心词的在中心词上变复数,如:men-of-war (战犯);没有中心词的在词尾加-s,如:go-betweens(媒介,中间人), break-downs(崩溃);如果由man, woman作定语构成复合名词的,则前后都要变复数,如:men doctors, women drivers。

2)名词的所有格与名词作定语

根据名词代指的事物是否有生命可以将名词分为两类:有生命的名词所有格直接加 “'s”;否则使用of表示。但习惯上表示时间、距离等无生命事物的名词也用“’s”形式。名词作定语一般都用单数形式;但一些名词如goods,customs, clothes等只有复数形式,作定语时也要使用复数形式,如:a women's college(女子学院)。

3)名词的词性和词形的转化

考查名词的转化一般限制于普通构词法, 如:reason转化成reasonable,use转化成using。 但高中也有少量几个名词变化不规则,需要特别注意,如:pronounce→pronunciation, explain→explanation, complain→complaint等。

2. 冠词规律性知识总结

1)不定冠词的基本用法

(1)不定冠词表示泛指数量“一个”。如: There is a book on the table.

(2)不定冠词表示“任一”。如:His father is a driver.

(3)不定冠词表示不具体说明的“某一个” 人或事物。如:My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire.

(4)不定冠词用于一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前,表示“每一”。如:We have meals three times a day.

(5)不定冠词表示“同一”的。如:They are of an age.

(6)不定冠词表示使抽象名词具体化。如: The little girl is a help to her mother.

2)定冠词的基本用法

(1)定冠词表示“特指”上文提到过的人或事物。如:I have bought a book. The book is very useful.

(2)用于说话人与听话人心中都知道的人或事物。如:Close the window, please.

(3)表示世界上“独一无二”的事物。如: the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等,但注意 “nature(大自然)”前不能加冠词。

(4)用于表示方位或身体部位的名词之前。如:the east, the right, catch him by the arm等。

(5)用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。 如:the first, the tallest。

(6)用于形容词之前,表示具有“共同特征的群体”。如:the sick, the wounded。

3)此外,在平常的学习中,对于不符合语法规则的固定短语和特别句式等用法要给予特别的关注,以免大意而失分。如:all of a sudden(突然),out of question(毫无疑问),out of the question(不可能),in the charge of(受管理),in charge of(管理)等。

四、强化训练

(一)完成句子。填入适当的冠词或者根据空后所给提示写出单词的正确形式。

1. In America, _______ car is _______ popular means of transportation.

2. They left in such _______ hurry that they forgot to lock _______ door.

3. There were two small rooms in the house,_______ smaller of which served as _______kitchen.

4. The _______ who is writing a _______likes _______ very much.(poem)

5.The _______ (roof)of the cottage were cov-ered with _______ (leaf).

6. The farmers has many _______ on his farm(goose).

7. There are three _______ in our school (woman doctor).

8. I haven't seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond _______ (recognize).

9. The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don't give you any direct_______ (solve) .

10. Jumping out of _______ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _______ exciting experience.

(二)短文填空。阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

A

Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for1vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said it was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we had planned for2(month). When the day came, we were ready.

After our plane landed, we went to3hotel. We had made our reservation six months earlier, but the man at the front desk said there had been4mistake. We were told that our rooms hadn't been reserved for that week,but for the week5. I didn't understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for6reservation. What's worse, the hotel had been fully booked. When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was surprisingly7(help). She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on8top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we weren't charged extra.

The next day, my brother and I went to9beach where we watched some people play volleyball. We got10little sunburned,but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind.

B

Mary will ever forget1first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, wearing sun2(glass). He walked in as if he had bought the school, and the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.

For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt pleased, because there were many empty3(seat) in the room. But she quickly real ized that it wasn't her, it was probably the fact that she sat in4last row.

Although he thought he could escape attention by5(sit) at the back, he was wrong. It might have made it a little harder for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn't stop the6(kid) in the class. Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary, which made her feel like a star.

“ Do you need those glasses for medical7(reason)? ” the teacher asked. The new boy shook his head. “ Then I'd appreciate it if you didn't wear them in class. I like to look at your eyes when I 'm speaking to you. ” The new boy looked at the teacher for a few8(second) and all the other9(student) wondered what the boy would do. Then he took them off, gave 10 big smile and said “ That is cool. ”

参考答案与解析:

(一)完成句子

1. the; a。表示类别用the car,表示一种泛指的工具用a means。means的形式是复数但表示单数,是“工具”的意思。

2. a; the。in a hurry是固定搭配,意思是“匆匆忙忙地”。后面的门特指说话人都知道的门, 要用定冠词the修饰。

3. the; a。the smaller of the two rooms表示 “两间屋中较小的那一间”,用the表示特指。 kitchen第一次提到,用a表示泛指。

4. poet; poem; poetry 。第一空由后面的定语从句引导词who可以判断出指人,故用poet (诗人);第二空前有谓语动词writing ,应该填入poem (诗),作宾语;第三空作动词like (喜欢)的宾语,所以要填入表泛指的poetry (诗歌)。

5. roofs; leaves。由后面的谓语动词were可以判断句子的主语roof要用复数形式roofs。由 “落叶能盖满屋顶”,可知应用leaf的复数形式leaves。

6. geese。前面的many表明应用goose的复数形式geese。

7. women doctors。woman,man作定语变复数时需要将woman,man和中心词都变成复数。

8. recognition。beyond recognition“无法辨认”。beyond是介词,后面要用名词形式,所以填入recognition。

9. solution。any direct两个单词都说明后面应该填入名词,故应填solution。

10. an; an。飞机和经历都是泛指,用不定冠词;两个词都是元音因素开头,所以要用an。

(二)短文填空

A

1. a。去年,我弟弟和我去迈阿密“度假”, go for a vacation“去度假”,习惯搭配。

2. months。由下文的6个月前就预订了房间可以知道:他们提前筹划了“几个月”,因此应用month的复数形式months。

3. the。我们来到我们预定了房间的“那个” 宾馆,表特指用the。

4. a。宾馆前台人员说犯了“一个”错误,表示泛指,用a mistake。

5. after。宾馆人员说房间预定的不是这一周,而是“下一周”,应用the week after表示。

6. the。我不能理解为什么会是这个样子, 但我的“预定”却已被扣款。预定多次出现,故此处用定冠词the修饰。

7. helpful。经理是令人惊讶的“乐于助人”。 作表语要用形容词,所以变help为helpful。

8. the。在“顶楼”经理给我们开了一个VIP房间。on the top floor意为“在顶楼”,故填定冠词the。

9. the。次日,我弟弟和我去“海滩”看一些人打排球。这里的“海滩”表示大家都知道的地方,应用定冠词the修饰。

10. a。我们都“有点”晒黑了,a little“有点”,固定短语。

B

1. the。序数词前用定冠词the。

2. glasses。某一天他突然出现在了班里,戴着“墨镜”。“眼镜”习惯上用复数形式glasses。

3. seats。玛丽感到很高兴,因为教室里有许多空的“椅子”。前面有many作修饰语,所以要用复数形式seats。

4. the。很可能是因为她坐在“最后一排”的原因。最高级前用定冠词the。

5. sitting。尽管他以为他“坐”在最后一排就可以不引起大家的注意,但他错了。介词后面应用动名词sitting。

6. kids。要看到最后一排的他,孩子们需要把头扭过去,这让行动变得困难一点,但这并不能阻止“孩子们”回头看他。后面的代词用了they说明班里的孩子有很多,所以要用kid的复数形式kids。

7. reasons。可数名词前必须加冠词或者使用复数形式,不能单独使用。这里用复数表示类别。

8. seconds。这个新来的学生盯着老师看了 “几秒钟”。a few修饰可数名词的复数,所以这里用复数形式seconds。

9. students。所有其他的“学生”都不知道那个孩子会做什么。all the other表示“所有其他的”意思,后面应用名词student的复数形式stu- dents。

篇4：名词与冠词考点例析

名词在高考测试中占有重要地位，从历年高考试题可以看出，各省市试卷几乎都涉及到名词的考查，如抽象名词具体化、名词的可数与不可数问题、名词作定语、名词的所有格、名词词义辨析以及常见名词的固定搭配等。冠词也是高考英语的常考点，主要考查考生对冠词的基本用法的理解和掌握情况。此外，还涉及到冠词与名词共同考查的问题。冠词与名词一起合用有三种情况:即定冠词与单数可数名词可以表示类指;不定冠词与单数可数名词也可以表示类指;零冠词与可数名词的复数表示类指。

二、高考考查内容探析

(一)抽象名词的具体化与冠词考查

1.抽象名词表示具体或特定时，前面应用“不定冠词”。

(1)表示某种特性、状态、行为的具体表现，常用“a/an+抽象名词”;“a/an+adj.+抽象名词”的形式表示具体行为、一个方面。如:

China has got a good _______ for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization. [2009年高考安徽卷]

A. reputationB. influence

C. impressionD. knowledge

【简析】A 考查抽象名词具体化。“get a good reputation”表示赢得好名声。influence“影响力，权力，势力”;impression“印象;感想”;knowledge “知识;认识;知道，了解;消息”。

(2)状态、思维行为的一次、一种、一类、一顿，常与have/take/get等词搭配。如:

For many Beijingers， dreams of living in_____green area are becoming____reality.

A. a;a B. the;the C.不填;不填 D.不填;a

【简析】A 考查了学生对抽象名词具体化的掌握。抽象名词或物质名词前或后加上表示性质类别的修饰词，指概念的“一种”“一类”“一次”等时，可用不定冠词，例如:Physics is a science.

(3)表示具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人和事等。如:

Washing machines made by China have won worldwide attention and Haier has becomepopular name. [2009年高考重庆卷]

A. a;theB. /;a C. /;the D. the;a

【简析】B考查冠词与抽象名词。worldwide attention“世界的关注”为抽象名词，看做不可数。第二空表示海尔成为一种很受欢迎的品牌。

2.抽象名词有前置或后置修饰语时，前面用不定冠词，使之具体化。如:

Some people fear that _______air pollution may bring about changes in_______weather around the world. [2009年高考江西卷]

A. /; theB. the; / C. an; theD. the; a

【简析】A 考查冠词用法。air pollution 是抽象名词，这里是泛指，weather是特指全球的气候，根据the weather around the world可知。

In order to find_______better job， he decided to study______second foreign language. [2009年高考四川卷]

A. the;a B. a;aC. the;theD. a;the

【简析】B该题的意思是:为了找到一个更好的工作，他决定再学习另外一门外语。第一空表示泛指;第二空用“a +序数词+名词”表示 “又一，再一”。

(二)冠词有无意义不同

有无冠词含义有别，这种现象常常是一些固定搭配，学习时可通过对比记忆。如:out of question 毫无疑问的，out of the question 不可能的;take place发生，take the place (of) 代替;two of them 他们中的两个，the two of them 他们两个;by day 在白天，by the day 按天计算;on earth 究竟，on the earth 在地球上等。

(三)名词的数和所有格

名词的数主要包括名词的可数与不可数、可数名词的单复数问题、名词的类指以及名词复数的使用。如:

The ______ shoes were covered with mud， so I asked them to take them off before they got into _______ car. [2009年高考江西卷]

A. girls; TomsB. girls; Toms

C. girls; TomsD. girls; Toms

【简析】C 名词所有格形式。根据题干后半部分的them可知对应复数girls。

(四)名词作定语

The ______is just around the corner and you wont miss it.

A. bicycles shopB. bicycle shop

C. bicycles shopD. bicycle shop

【简析】B 考查名词作定语。在此bicycle是起修饰作用的名词，不表示所有关系而表示类别，且名词作定语须用单数形式，故bicycle shop正确。

(五)集合名词与谓语

1.某些集体名词，如:family，team，class，club，audience，committee，crowd，government，party，public，enemy，group，population，couple等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看，谓语动词用单数;如果作为成员讲，谓语动词用复数。某些集体名词，如:people，police，cattle等，只有复数形式，谓语动词须用复数。如:The police are searching for him.警察们正在搜寻他。但people作民族讲时，用作单数。

(六)名词近义词在语境中的辨析

The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without anywhen the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April， 2009.[2009年高考福建卷]

A. delayB. effortC. schedule D. consideration

【简析】A 名词词义辨析。delay:耽搁,延误;effort:努力;schedule:时间表;consideration:考虑,体谅;关心。题干意思是:当甲型H1N1流感2009年4月袭击墨西哥时,世界卫生组织毫不犹豫地向人们提出了警告。

【小试牛刀】

1.Young as he is, David has gained_____rich experience in ______ society.

A. 不填;不填B. the;the

C. a;不填 D.不填;the

2.People regard the wheel as ______invention of the first importance in_____ human history.

A. an;the B. an;不填

C. the;the D. the;不填

3.Mr Stock,who is in Mexico on,runs small business.

A. business;aB. business;不填

C. the business;a D. business;不填

4.______on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is_______ major concern of the country.

A. The;不填B. The;a

C. An;the D. An;不填

5. ——He says that my new car is a _____of money.

——Dont you think those words are just sour grapes?

A. lackB. loadC. question D. waste

6.Many people are still in _____ habit of writing silly things in____ public places.

A. the;theB. 不填;不填

C. the;不填 D. 不填;the

7._______ it is to go swimming on such a hot day!

A. What fun B. How fun

C. What a fun D. How a fun

8.The dress is nice but she doesnt like the ______on the material.

A. shape B. sizeC. modelD. pattern

9._______of the solar eclipse(日全食) has aroused great interest across Asia and the____“eclipse” has quickly been the hottest click on the Internet.

A. A word;wordsB. The word;word

C. Word;word D. Words;word

10.Though I spoke to him many times,he never took any _____of what I said.

A. remark B. observation

C. attentionD. notice

11. Last night the president made a speech on TV to the ______.

A. countryB. state C. 1and D. nation

12. The old house belongs to _______.

A. Jacks and his brother

B. Jacks and his brothers

C. Jack and his brothers

D. Jack and his brother

13. The young student is______as a writer.Its ______ to all his teachers.

A. success;surpriseB. a success;surprise

C. success;a surprise D. a success;a surprise

14. My mothers______is getting grey,but my father has only a few grey ________.

A. hairs;hairB. hair;hairs

C. hair;hair D. hairs;hairs

15. Well have PE this afternoon but I forgot to bring my _______ .

A. sports clothesB. sport clothes

C. clothes of sports D. sports clothes

篇5：名词和冠词50题

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. At first ______, the bag seems made of real leather. But actually it is just an imitation.

A. sight B. look C. appearance D. view

2. --- What do you think of the headmaster of your school?

--- Oh, she is _____ headmaster who is kind-hearted and helpful. And it’s _____ pleasure to work with her.

A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a

3. During a successful business career he gained a great amount of ______.

A. force B. wealth C. health D. power

4. My mother asked me to repeat ______ telephone number ______ second time so that she could write it down.

A. the; a B. an; the C. an; a D. the; the

5. Niagara Falls is a great tourist ______ drawing millions of visitors from all parts of the world every year.

A. interest B. view C. scene D. attraction

6. Jack couldn’t remember the exact date of the earthquake, but he knew it was ______ Saturday because everybody was at ______ church.

A. 不填; the B. a; 不填 C. 不填; a D. the; 不填

7. You must get there within an hour. There should be no ______ in sending this information to him.

A. point B. problem C. quarrel D. delay

8. I go to work very early. I don’t usually have ______ breakfast, but I always eat ______ good supper.

A. 不填; a B. 不填; 不填 C. the; 不填 D. 不填; the

9. --- Where is the new dictionary?

--- It’s on the top shelf, out of ______.

A. reach B. sight C. touch D. order

10. --- What new subject are you going to have in ______ second grade？

--- I’m going to learn ______ second foreign language.

A. a; the B. the; a C. the; 不填 D. 不填; a

11. --- Mum, I’m going to visit m

篇6：变式跟踪之名词、冠词篇

名词是表示人､事物､抽象概念等名称的词,根据其词汇意义,通常分为专有名词和普通名词｡考生在复习中,需要掌握有关名词的知识:名词的数､名词的格､短文改错中对名词的数的考查､对集合名词的考查及名词词义辨析｡

冠词是用于名词前用以说明该名词含义的虚词,通常可分为不定冠词､定冠词和零冠词,它的主要特点是表示泛指､类指和特指､专指｡考生在复习中,需要掌握有关冠词的知识:冠词的位置､不定冠词的用法､定冠词的用法及零冠词的用法｡

名词､冠词是每年高考单项选择必考题｡在以往的高考中,对名词､冠词的考查,着重名词词义辨析,以及冠词泛指､类指､特指､专指的用法和习语,特别是把不定冠词､定冠词､零冠词､可数名词､不可数名词(具体化)结合起来考查｡

例1.(2007陕西卷)

He and his wife are of the same______;they both want their son to go to college.A.soul B.spirit C.heart D.mind

[解析]

句意:他和他的妻子有共同的想法;他们都希望儿子考入大学｡soul 灵魂,心灵;spirit精神;heart 心,心脏;而mind=thoughts;a person’s way of thinking想法｡答案D｡

[知识链接]

一个名词常有多种意思,考生在一个具体的句子中要把握好该名词的正确意思｡例如:

Beck is an honest businessman.Our company and his have had a lot of ______ in the past five years.A.deals B.arguments C.rewards D.sales

[解析]

句意:Beck是一个诚实的商人,在过去的5年里,我们公司和他的公司有许多交易｡deals协议(尤指交易),如:make a deal with sb(与某人)达成一笔交易;arguments 协议;rewards报答,报酬,报偿;sales 销售额,销售量｡答案A｡

[变式跟踪]

1.I can’t say which wine is best—it’s a(n)______ of personal taste.A.affair B.event C.matter D.variety

例2.(2007福建卷)

— How aboutChristmas evening party?

— I should say it was ______ success.A.a;a B.the;a C.a;/ D.the;/

[解析]

句意:——这次的圣诞晚会办得如何?——我认为是一个成功的晚会｡根据句意可知Christmas evening party表特指,故用定冠词｡当success表“成功”时是不可数名词,但表“成功的人､成功的事”时是可数名词(即抽象名词具体化),在此句中,success意为“一个成功的晚会”,故用不定冠词｡答案B｡

[易入误区]

此题易误选D｡考生往往会把success当作不可数名词,而忽视抽象名词具体化的问题｡

[知识链接]

抽象名词具体化通常使用的有:a success,a surprise,have a good time,have a good/full breakfast/lunch/supper,have a good knowledge of等,考生在考试中一定要注意｡

[变式跟踪]

2.walk is expected to last all day,so bring______packed lunch.A.The;a B.The;/ C.A;a D.A;/

例3.(2006全国二卷)

I know you don’t like ______ music very much.But what do you think of ______ music in the film we saw yesterday?

A./;/ B.the;the C.the;/ D./;the

[解析]

句意:我知道你不喜欢音乐,但是你认为昨天我们看的那部电影中的音乐怎么样?music是不可数名词,在第一空处表泛指,不能与冠词连用(即用零冠词),但是在第二空处有定语“in the film we saw yesterday”修饰,表特指,用定冠词the｡答案D｡

[知识链接]

不可数名词表泛指时,其前不能用冠词;可数名词表泛指时,其前则要用不定冠词a(n);表特指时,不可数名词和可数名词均要用定冠词the｡

[解题技巧]

考生在真实交际中应正确使用冠词,对名词的数的概念应有清楚的认识｡

[变式跟踪]

3.Polar bears live mostly on______ sea ice,which they use asplatform for hunting seals.A.a;a B.a;the C.the;/ D./;a

●模拟练习●

1.(2005辽宁五校联考)

— I’d like to see the movie very much,but I have no money on me.— That’s OK.This is my______.A.offer B.treat C.turn D.service

2.(2005北京丰台统练)

It is reported that great ______ made to look into the case have paid off.A.attentions B.troubles C.efforts D.cares

3.(2006江南十校联考)

If we go on using energy so wastefully,______are that our oil wells will be dried up before new energy sources can be found to replace oil.A.chances B.difficulties C.questions D.problems

4.(2006湖北联考)

It’s important for us to employ a word or a phrase according to the ______ in language studies.A.situation B.expression

C.comprehenssion D.translation

5.(2006黄冈质检)

Micky bought an old car cheaply,cleaned it up and sold it the next week at a______.A.benefit B.bargain C.prize D.profit

6.(2007北京海淀4月)

Ding Junhui, most competitive snooker player,is ______ quite young man.A./;a B.the;/ C.a;a D.a;the

7.(2006青岛)

Don’t worry too much about ______mistakes.They are ______ natural part of learning.A./;the B.the;/ C.the;the D./;a

8.(2005湖南师大附中)

He was suchgood speaker that he held our attention every minute of ______ three-hour lecture.A.a;the B.a;/ C./;the D.a;a

9.(2007湖南株洲)

money plays an important role in ______ material world.But you can’t expect it to give you real happiness.A.A;the B./;a C.The;the D./;the

10.(2007天津宝坻一模)

The taxi driver was put in ______ prison because his car had knocked down a child.His wife went toprison to see him twice a month.A./;the B.the;the C./;/ D.the;/

参考答案:

[变式跟踪]1—3 CAD