todo不定式用法总结

2024-04-23

todo不定式用法总结(共13篇)

篇1:todo不定式用法总结

动词不定式是什么意思:

动词不定式是指动词中的.一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的一种形式。它之所以被称做不定式,是因为动词不被限定,或者说不被词性变化所局限。不定式属于非谓语动词形式。

基本形式:to+动原

否定形式:to 前加not

疑问形式:疑问词+to+动原

被动形式:to be +过去分词

完成形式:to have +过去分词

篇2:todo不定式用法总结

做不定代词。一般有以下几组:1)some, any, no2)somebody, anybody, nobodysomeone, anyone, no one(注意不要连写)something, anything, nothing3)one, none4)all, every, each, other, another, either, neither, both5)everybody, everyone, everything6)many, much, few, little, a few, a little, a lot of, lots of1)some, any, no的用法a.some和any通常用于表示不定数或不定量,修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。some表示“几个;一些;部分”,多用于肯定句里表示肯定的意思;而any表示“一些;什么;任何;”,对用于否定句或疑问句中表示否定或疑问的意思。如:* He asked me some questions.(他问了我几个问题。)* Some of us don’t like the music in this movie.(我们当中的一些人不喜欢这部电影里的音乐。)* Some of the bread has been eaten.(面包已吃了一些。)* Are there any stamps in this post office?(这

个邮局里有邮票吗?)* I didn’t have any cigarettes, so I went out to buy some.(我没有香烟了,所以出去买了一些。)b.刚才我们说some一般用于肯定句而any一般用于否定句和疑问句。但有时也有例外。这要根据句子意思来看。如:* I could not answer some of his questions.(我不能回答他的某些问题。)(some用在否定句中表示“一些;部分”。如果说成:I could not answer any of hisquestions.意思就变了,它表示“我不能回答他的任何问题。”)* Will you get me some apples on your way back?(在你回来的路上可以给我带一些苹果吗?)(some用在疑问句中大多表示“请求” 或“建议”)* Let me know if you hear any news.(如果你有任何消息请告诉我。)(any用在条件从句中表示“任何”)* “What would you like to drink?” “Any will do.”(“你想喝什么?”“哪种都行。”)(any在这里表示“任何”)c.no在句子中作定语,表示否定,意思是“没有;不是”,它可以修饰可数名词的单数和复数形式或不可数名词。如:2* There are no letters for you today.(今天没有你的信。)* I have no money at the moment.Could you lend me some?(我现在没有钱。你能借我一些吗?)2)复合不定代词的用法a.不定代词some, any, no与-one,-body,-thing可以组成九个复合代词。它们是:someone

anyoneno onesomebodyanybodynobodysomethinganythingnothing这些复合不定代词只有名词的性质,可以作主语、宾语等。b.因为some一般用于肯定句,any一般用于否定句或疑问句,no表示完全否定,因此由some, any, no与-one,-body组成的复合代词的用法也一样。* Did you meet anyone on your way home?(在回家的路上你遇见什么人吗?)* I am sure someone will come to help us.(我坚信会有人来帮助我们的。)* I am a stranger.I know nobody here.(我是一个陌生人,我不认识这里的任何人。)c.第二部分为-one和-body的复合代词只能用于表示人,它们的形式是单数形式,但有时可以用they或them指代。如:* There is someone in your office.Can you hear them talking?(你办公室里有人。你听见他们说话了吗?)(them指代someone)* No one was kinder to me at that time than Rose.(那时,没有一个人比Rose对我更好。)d.第二部分为-thing的复合代词只能用于指物。如:* There was something wrong with the car so he had to stopped it.* Why don’t you say something to me?* He looked at me and didn’t say anything.* Nothing can be done to save her life.e.这些复合不定代词如果有其它的形容词修饰,形容词必须后置。如:* Somebody important has arrived, I’m sure.(important修饰somebody)* Is there anything interesting on TV tonight?(interesting修饰anything)3)one和none的用法none的用法我们已经在前面几讲中提过,这里就不详细说了。不

定代词one指代可数名词的单数,即可以指人,也可以指物。它的复数形式是ones。在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语等。如: * He is not the one who is easily cheated.(one

指人)* I’ve made some cakes.Would you like one of them?(one指物)* I prefer red roses to white ones.(ones指物)* Are they the ones who moved here a few days ago?(ones指人)4)all, every, each, other, another, either, neither, botha.every只有

形容词的性质,在句子中作定语。常用于修饰单数的可数3名词。表示“每个;

各个”,还可以表示“一切”。如:* After the strong wind every flower in the garden was gone.* Every time I ring you up, your mother answers it.* I shall do my best to help you in every way.(我将尽用一切办法帮助你。)every还可以和-one,-thing,-body构成复合不定代词,即:everyone, everything, everybody。其中,everyone

和everybody用于指人,意思一样,都是“每人;大家”,形式上表示单数意思上可以表

示单数也可以表示复数。everything用于指物,意思是“每件事;一切”,形式上表示单

数意思上可以表示单数也可以表示复数。如:* One can’t have everything.* Everything goes well with me.* The town is so small that everybody knows everybody else.注意:在使用everyone时要注意和every one相区别。everyone是一个不

定代词而every one是一个词组,前者只能指人而后者既可以指人也可以指物。请注意

下列例句:* Everyone will be here except Patrick.(everyone 指人)* Every one of the children will get a gift.(every one也指人)*We played several matches against the visitors, but unluckily lost every one.(every one指物)b.each的意思是“每个;各自的”,可以指人,也可以指物。如:* I leave home at 7 a.m.each day.* On each floor there are about twenty classrooms.* Each

of them has received a letter.由于each和every的意思相近,都表示“每一个”,因此要特别注意它们的区别。each所描述的对象至少是两个数目中的每一个,而every

所描述的对象至少是三个数目中的每一个;every着重强调整体的含义而each着重强调

篇3:小议动词不定式的基本用法

一、做主语

如:To learn English well is very important.(学好英语是很重要的。)To stop the work now seems impossible.(现在把这个工作停下来似乎不可能。)但在很多情况下,为了保持句子结构平衡,避免头重脚轻的现象,用it形式主语,把真正的主语动词不定式(或短语)放在后面。如:It's important for students to use English every day.(对学生们来说,每天使用英语是重要的。)It is necessary to learn English.(学习英语是必要的。)

二、做表语

1. 不定式做表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作

如:Today's job is to teach you how to study English.(今天的任务是教你如何学习英语。)

2. 如果主语是以hope,idea,problem,wish等为中心的名词,不定式做表语是对主语起补充说明作用,说明主语的具体内容

如:My only wish is to do something for the public.(我唯一的愿望是为公众做些事。)

三、做宾语

1. 许多动词(如want,learn,decide,hope,plan等)后都可直接跟动词不定式做宾语。

如:I want to go to Beijing tomorrow.(我想明天去北京。)

He learnt to skate on real ice.(他在真冰上学滑冰。)

2. 疑问词+不定式一起构成宾语。

如:I don’t know what to do.(我不知道该做什么。)

He taught me how to swim.(他教我怎样游泳。)

3. 不定式有时用it代替,做形式宾语,把真正做宾语的动词不定式放在句末

如:He feels it his duty to help the poor.(他觉得帮助穷人是他的责任。)

He finds it very difficult to study English well.(他发现学好英语很难。)

四、做宾语补足语

1. 在许多动词(如ask,allow,invite,teach,tell,等)后都可直接跟动词不定式做宾语补足语

如:I asked him to arrive on Saturday.(我让他星期六来。)He allowed me to come here.(他允许我来这儿。)

2. 某些感官动词(如see,here,watch,feel,notice等)和使役动词(如let,make,have等)后面要跟不带to的动词不定式做宾语补足语

如:I saw him play basketball with Jack an hour ago.(一小时前我看见他和杰克打篮球。)

Let me tell you something about the Olympic Games.(让我告诉你一些关于奥运会的事情。)

注意:含有感官动词和使役动词的句子在变成被动语态时,不定式to要还原,不能省去,因为这时它在句中做主语补足语。

如:The baby was made to cry by the boy.(这个孩子被男孩弄哭了。)

The workers are made to work twelve hours a day.(工人们每天被迫工作12小时。)

3. help后面接动词不定式做宾语补足语时,既可以带to,也可以省略to

如:The Young Pioneers helped Grammy Wang(to)carry water.(少先队员们帮助王奶奶打水。)

He often helps me(to)learn English.(他经常帮助我学习英语。)

五、动词不定式做定语

动词不定式做定语要放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后,常做后置定语。

如:I have some homework to do.(我有一些作业要做。)

She was the only one to get the award.(她是唯一一个获得奖励的人。)

注意:当动词不定式与所修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系时,动词不定式的动词要用及物动词或相对于及物动词的动词短语。

如:She has no paper to write on.(她没有写字用的纸。)

That is the only thing to worry about.(那是唯一令人担心的事。)

六、动词不定式做状语

1. 动词come,go,step,hurry后接动词不定式做状语,表示目的

如:He went to see his sister yesterday.(他昨天去看妹妹了。)

They got up early to catch the early bus.(他们起床早是为了赶上早车。)

2. 用于“be+形容词+不定式”结构

如:I was sorry to hear that you were ill.(听说你病了,我很难过。)

七、动词不定式的被动语态

动词不定式的被动语态是由“to be+过去分词”构成。

如:There are twenty trees to be planted.

八、动词不定式的否定结构

动词不定式的否定结构是:not+to+动词原形。在感官动词和使役动词后,to也可省略。

如:I told him not to stand here.(我叫他不要站在这儿。)

篇4:动词不定式省略to的用法总结

不定式省to有六种情况:

一、 在主动结构中,下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略to

“五看”(see, watch, notice, observe, look at)“三使”(make, let, have)“两听”(hear, listen to)“一感觉”(feel)半帮助(help)

如:Who made him work all night long?

但是,改为被动结构后,应补出省略的to。

如:He was seen to break the window.

二、would rather, had better,Why…,Why not…后

如:You had better stay at home.

Why not have a good rest on Sunday?

三、介词except / but/other than等后遵循“有do略to,无do 补to”

用作介词except, but宾语的不定式有时带to,有时不带to。其大致原则是:若其前出现了动词 do,其后的不定式通常不带 to;若其前没有出现动词 do,则其后的不定式通常带 to。

如:I had no choice but to wait. 除了等,我没有别的选择。

He wanted nothing but to stay there. 他只想留在那儿。

She can do everything except cook. 除了做饭之外她什么都会。

四、主语带do表语省略to的情况

当主语部分有动词do的某种形式时,用作表语的不定式可以省略to。

如:All you do now is (to) complete the form. 你现在要做的只是把这张表填好。

The only thing to do now is (to) go on. 前进是现在唯一的出路。

What I’ll do is (to) tell her the truth. 我要做的就是告诉她真相。

五、并列不定式省略to的情况

当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列时,通常只需在第一个不定式前用to,其余不定式前的to可以省略。

如:He told me to stay there and wait for him. 他叫我在那儿等他。

I’m really puzzled what to think or say. 我真不知该怎么想怎么说。

It is easier to persuade people than (to) force them. 说服人容易,强迫人难。

但是,如果两者有对比关系,则后面不定式前的to不可省略。

如:To try and fail is better than not to try at all. 尝试而失败总比不尝试好。

六、省略不定式是否保留to

在一定的上下文中,为了避免重复,有时不定式可以省略,但通常保留不定式符号to。

如:I shall go if I want to. 如果我想去就去。

“Don’t be late.” “I’ll try not to.” “不要来晚了。”“我尽量不来晚。”

Don’t go till I tell you to. 等我叫你走你再走。

注意:1>. 若被省略的不定式为to be短语,则通常应保留to be。

如:He is not the man he used to be. 他已不是原来的那个样子了。

2>. 有时省略不定式时,同时也可省略to。

如:She may go if she likes (to). 她想去就可以去。

篇5:动词不定式用法小结

动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为“to+动词原形”,其中to不是介词,而是动词不定式的符号,称为小品词,动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语,在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。

一.作主语

To be a doctor is hard.做医生很难。

To learn English well is not easy.学好英语不容易。

动词不定式(短语)作主语时,为了避免句子的头重脚轻,可以用“it”作形式主语,而把真正的主语--动词不定式(短语)放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为:

It is hard to be a doctor.It is not easy to learn English well.再如:

It’s important to plant trees in spring.二.作表语:

动词不定式(短语)作表语常用于系词be的后面。例:

His work is to drive a car.他的工作是开车。

My job is to feed animals.我的工作是饲养动物。

Her ambition is to be a doctor.她的理想是当医生。

三.作宾语

动词不定式(短语)可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语,能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有:begin,start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。例:

I want to tell you a story.我想给你讲个故事。

They begin to work at eight every morning.他们每天早晨8点开始工作。

Don’t forget to lock the door.别忘了锁门。

Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow? 明天和我们一起去野餐好吗?

*如果and连接两个动词不定式,第二个动词不定式一般省“to”例:

(1)He wants to go and have a swim with us.他想和我们一起去游泳。

(2)若作宾语的动词不定式(短语)很长,可用it作形式宾语。

I find it’s interesting to learn English with you.我觉得和你一起学英语很有趣。

He found it hard to catch up with others.他觉得赶上别人很困难。

四.作宾语补足语。

The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morning.老师让我们早晨读半小时英语。

The teacher often tells Jim not to spend too much time playing computer games.老师常告诉Jim不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏。

五.动词不定式作定语

动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词,放于所修饰的词后,为后置定语。例:

Who was the first one to arrive? 谁第一个到的?

She has no paper to write on? 她没有纸写字?

The best way to learn English is to use it.学英语最好的方法是使用它。

六.动词不定式作目的状语:

动词不定式作目的状语常用在go, come, hurry等不及物动词后,表目的。

He went to see his sister yesterday.他昨天去看妹妹了。

They got up early to catch the early bus.他们早起去赶早班车。

有时可以把不定式(短语)提前,放于句首,表示强调目的。例:

篇6:关于动词不定式的用法

2、动词不定式仍保留动词的特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语可构成动词不定式短语。

如: to read a book、to sing at the party。

3、动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。因此,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。

带to的不定式结构:

我们学过的能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有:want、ask、 tell、hope、 learn、try、decide、forget、remember、like 、 love、 stop、go、come等。

不带to的不定式结构:

1、在固定词组had better之后。

注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth

例如:You had better go home now. 你最好现在回家。

2、在let、make、see、 feel、 watch、 hear等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。

例如:I made them give me the money back. 我迫使他们把钱还给我。

3、在引导疑问句的why not之后。

“Why not+不带to的不定式”是“Why don’t you do…”的省略,可以用来提出建议或劝告。

例如: Why not go with us? 为什么不和我们一起去呢?

篇7:俄语动词不定式体的用法

动词不定式在句中常用作谓语的一个组成部分,但也可用作主语、补语、定语、状语等成分。例如:

Учиться-всегда пригодится.(动词不定式在句中作主语)

Мы хотели отдохнуть.(动词不定式在句中是动词合成谓语的一部分)Она согласилась остаться.(动词不定式在句中做补语)Я не имею случая его видеть.(动词不定式在句中作定语)Они пришли помочь тебе.(动词不定式在句中作状语)

动词不定式在句子中虽没有时间、式、人称、数等语法意义,但仍含有体的基本意义。试对比:

Сегодня мне надо переводить текст.-Сегодня мне надо перевести текст.Они могут встречаться каждый день.-Сегодня они могут встретиться в десять часов.动词不定式在与某些词连用时,或在一定语境中体的选用受下列规则的制约: 1.动词不定式与下列动词连用时,要用未完成体: 1)表示行为开始、继续、结束的动词,如:

Начинать-начать, стать, продолжать, кончать-кончить, переставать-перестать 等。例如: Мы отдохнули и стали заниматься.Он кончил рассказывать и ждал, что мы скажем.2)表示养成、具有或失去某种习惯、技能的动词,如: Учить(ся), научить(ся), уметь, привыкать-привыкнуть, отвыкать-отвыкнуть, бросать-бросить等。例如:

Мы привыкли обедать в 12 часов.Отец давно бросил курить.2.动词不定式与успеть, удаться, забыть等完成体动词连用时,一般要有完成体。例如: За час я успел перевести только половину текста.Она забыла спросить его об этом.与успевать, удаваться, забывать等未完成体动词连用时,动词不定式用未完成体或完成体均可。例如:

Мы всегда успеваем выполнять(выполнить)домашние задания.3.动词不定式与谓语词连用时,可以用未完成体和完成体,但在下列情况下要用未完成体: 1)当надо, нужно, можно, пора等谓语词在一定语境中表示应该(可以)马上进行某种行为时,要与未完成体动词不定式连用。例如: Уже восемь часов.Надо начинать заниматься.Уже поздно.Пора ложиться спать.2)当надо, нужно, можно, пора等谓语词用于否定句时,与其连用的动词不定式必须要用未完成体,表示“不必要、不应该”。试对比: Завтра мне нужно встать в пять часов.-Завтра мне не нужно так рано вставать.Фильм интересный.Стоит посмотреть.-Фильм неинтересный.Его не стоит смотреть.3)谓语词нельзя 有两个意义:

① 表示“不要、不该”时,与не надо, не нужно, не следует同义,这时与未完成体动词不定式连用。例如:

Нельзя входить в аудиторию во время экзаменов.考试时不要进教室。

② 表示“不可能”时,与невозможно同义,这时大多与完成体动词不定式连用。例如:

Нельзя войти в комнату: у меня нет ключа.进不去房间,因为我没有钥匙。

动词将来时体的用法

1.未完成体动词将来时可用来表示说话时刻以后主体将进行何行为,含有“打算”的意义。例如:

Вы будете завтра отдыхать?-Да, буду.(Нет, буду работать.)

未完成体动词将来时与не 连用时,可以表示拒绝进行某种行为。例如: Давай вернѐмся домой.Уже поздно.-Не будем возвращаться.У нас ещѐ есть время.2.完成体动词将来时可表示说话者对实现某种行为的信心或可能性的估计。例如: Это слово ты найдѐшь в словаре.Мы врага победим!--------твѐрдо сказал начальник.完成体动词将来时常与не 连用。可以表示不可能或无法实现某种行为。例如: Вы договорились о встрече?

篇8:初中英语动词不定式用法归纳

eg: Please ask him not to do it.

Tell them not to play football on the street.

动词不定式可以在句中作除谓语之外的任何成分。动词不定式在句中的具体用法如下:

一、作主语有以下几种形式

1. 不定式做主语要置前。

eg:To get to Guiyang by bus will take us four hours from Fenggang.

To learn a foreign languages well is not easy.

2.用it作形式主语, 把真正的主语不定式放在句子后

eg:It's our duty to make our country more beautiful.

3.It+be+ 形容词+for sb+to do sth

eg:It is easy for us to arrive at the moon some day.

4.It+be+ 形容词+of sb+to do sth

eg:It is nice of you to play basketball with me.

5.It seems+ 形容词+to do sth

eg:It seemed impossible to save money.

二、作宾语有以下几种形式

1. 以下动词可跟不定式:begin (开始) start (开始) decide (决定) hope (希望) wish (但愿) learn (学习) like (喜欢) love (喜爱) want (想要) try (尝试) ask (询问) plan (计划) manage (成功做) forget (忘记) hate (憎恨) mean (打算) need (需要) prefer (宁愿) remember (记得) 等。

eg:The kids started to learn English at the age of ten.

Mary wants to give her parents a call.

2. 以下动词常跟疑问词+ 不定式:Tell decide know consider forget learn remember show understand see wonder hear find out explain。

eg:He wants to swim in the Yangtze River.

Please show us how to do that.

This summer I do not know where to go.

三、作补语有以下几种形式

1. 以下动词+ 宾语+ 不定式:advise allow believe cause find invite like order request send suppose tell.

eg:My Father does not allow me to hang out too late at night.

Who taught you to play the music?

2.there be+ 不定式

eg: We didn't expect there to be so many people there.

3. 下列动词跟不带“to”的不定式在句子中作宾语的补语即宾语补足语:see watch notice observe hear listen to make have let help feel.

eg:I often see him go to school on foot.

Let him do it by himself.

四、作表语

不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作或其它。

eg;My job is to take care of the old. (具体动作)

What you said to me is to be a good student. (将来动作)

Fast means to go quickly.

五、作状语, 表示目的、原因和结果。

eg:He got up so early to catch the first bus. (目的)

She is glad to meet us. (原因)

He got up too late to miss the early bus. (结果)

六、作定语, 不定式作定语, 置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。

eg:The next bus to arrive is from Zunyi

Do you have anything to tell me?

Would you please give me some chores to do now?

七、作同位语

eg:We students should have the courage to face any difficulty.

He broke the rules to keep the room clean and tidy.

篇9:小议动词不定式用法

关键词:动词不定式;形式;方法

中图分类号:G632 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1002-7661(2012)01-167-01

动词不定式通常有以下几种形式:一般式:to do被动to be done.完成式:to have done.被动式:to have been done,进行式:to be doing,完成进行式:to have been doing。不定式在句中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语、状语、补语等成分。

一、作主语

不定式作主语时直接放在谓语动词之前,谓语动词用第三人称单数。To do more practice is right.但更常见的是用it作形式主语,将真正的主语(动词不定式)置于谓语之后。It is right to do more practice.

二、作表语

不定式作表语通常说明主语的内容。例如:All he wanted was to be left alone.

1、主语不定式与表语不定式呼应,例如:To see is to believe.2、主语是由动词转化或派生而来的名词,如果原动词要求接不定式,则表语也应当用不定式,例如:My wish/hope/idea/plan/purpose/intention is to buy a new car.3、主语为all或what从句,表语可用不定式,例如:All you must do is to water the flowers.4、系动词为含有“似乎”、“看来”或“碰巧”之意的动词,表语可用不定式,基本句型为:Sb+seem/appear/happen to do/to be adj.=It seems(ed)/appears(ed)/happens(ed)that.

三、作宾语

不定式作宾语时,不定式的逻辑主语也是全句的主语。例如:He pretended not to see me when I passed.

1、只能跟动词不定式作宾语的动词 考生应牢记want, wish, hope, agree, afrord,choose,forget,manage, promise, expect等只能跟动词不定式作宾语的动词。

2、一些形容词(包括形容词化的分词)后可接不定式 这种不定式也可以叫做宾语。这样的形容词多是表示感情的,通常有:glad/sorry/sure/able/afraid/anxious/careful/content/determined/easer/foolish/free/inclined/likely/lucky/prepared/quick/ready/slow/willing.句中的不定式与句子主语可是主谓关系,例如:I am very glad to see you.句中的不定式与句子主语也可是动宾关系,例如:Volleyball is very interesting to watch.

3、ask/inform/tell/show/advise+间接宾语+直接宾语(疑问词十不定式)

4、think/consider/regard/believe/feel/make/find/suppose+it(形式宾语)+宾补+(for sb.)+不定式(真正主语)例如:Do you find it difficult to answer the question?

四、作补语

动词不定式作主语补足语时一律带to.①S+be+v-ed+to do。表示动作同时发生。②S+be+v-ed+to have done动词不定式作宾补表示动作发生了(即动作全过程结束了)这类动词包括“四看”:see,watch,notice,observe;“三使役”:let,make,have;“二听”:listen to,hear;“一感觉”:feel。

五、作定语

①它与其修饰的词可能是主谓关系,例如:The next train to arrive was from New York.②它与其修饰的词也可能是动宾关系,如果是不及物,则要用“不定式+相应的介词”的结构,这里的介词一般不可省去。例如:He is looking for a room to live in.当不定式若修饰的名词是time,place,way时,不定式后面的介词习惯上可省去。例如:He had no money and no place to live(in).

六、作同位语

例如:He gave the order to star the attack.又如:He followed the instruction to walk along a certain street where I picked him up.

七、作状语

不定式作状语时,可以表示目的、原因、结果等。

例如:1、we have come to learn from you.(目的)

2、I'm glad to meet you.(原因)

3、He is too young to join the army.(结果)

不定式表示目的时,常可用in order to, so as to换用。

八、不带to的不定式

①在感官动词和使役动词后,不定式作宾补要省略to。②在would rather(would sooner,had rather,hadsooner)…than,rather than等结构的,than之后用省to的不定式。例如:I would rather go than stay;③在以why引导的疑问句中不带to,例如:Why not have a rest?④在cannot but, cannot choose but, cannot help but之后的不定式不带to, 例如:He cannot choose but keep silent. ⑤不定式动词在介词but, except, besides后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to。例如:She could do nothing but cry. ⑥为了避免重复,有些不定式可省去。例如:I’m really puzzled what to think or say. ⑦不定式还可用在let fly(投射),make believe(假装)。

九、学习动词不式定需要注意哪些问题?

1、不定式的逻辑主语可以为分以下几种情况:

①与该句子的主语一致。例如:

I came here to attend an important conference.

②该句子的宾语是不定式的逻辑主语。例如:

The lady asked him to bring a cup of coffee for her.

③不定式的逻辑主语有介词of和for引出。例如:

It's very nice of you to lend me so much money.

2、不定式与介词。

介词后面一般不跟动词不定式作其宾语。例如:

不能说:I'll take a rest after to have supper.

应该说:I'll take a rest after(having)supper.

晚饭后,我将休息一下。

篇10:todo不定式用法总结

too…to 结构通常表示否定意义:

she was too young to understand all that.

enough…to结构则表示肯定意义:

she was not old enough to understand all that.

not too, but too, all too, only too等和不定式连用时,不定式一般不表示否定意义:

he’s only too pleased to help her.

so…as (to)这种结构也可用不定式作状语:

be so kind as to drop in some time when you are free.

如果要说明不定是表示的动作是谁做的, 可以在不定式前加一个for引起的短语:

it is not hard for one to do a bit of good.

it is a great honour for us to be present at this rally.

在以某些形容词(如 kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, impolite等)作表语时, 不定式前可加一个of引起的短语, 来说明不定式指的是谁的情况:

it’s kind of you to think so much of us.

(it is) awfully good of you to come and meet us.

it’s very nice of you to be so considerate.

篇11:不定代词的用法

They both agreed to stay here.

他们两人都答应待在这儿.

We are all for him.

我们全支持他.

We none of us said anything.

我们谁也没说什么.

Give them two each.

给他们每人两个.

2.不定代词的用法比较

1)all,every和each的比较

all在表示抽象的整体概念时,作单数,相当于everything(一切东西),例:

All was destroyed in the big fire.

大火中一切都毁了.

Grasp all, lose all.

什么都抓,什么都抓不住.(谚)

Is that all you Want to know?

你想知道的就这些吗?

all指人时用作复数,意为指三者以上的“全部”、“全体”,相当于everyone(每个),例:

All are present.

大家都出席了.

There is room for all of us.

我们所有的人全坐得下.

She knows us all.

她认识我们所有的人.

all在人称代词前面,只能用all of,而且要与人称代词的宾格us, you, them等连用,如:all of us,而不能说成all us.

every用于三个或三个以上的人或物,是“每一个”的意思,只能作定语,强调整体概念,例:

Every player is present.

每个运动员都出场了.

They helped us in every way.

他们从各方面帮助我们.

在表示“每个”、“全体”意思时,every的意思与all很接近.但一般情况下every和单数名词搭配,all和复数名词搭配,例:

Every child enjoys Christmas.

每个孩子都喜欢过圣诞节.

All children enjoy Christmas.

所有的孩子都喜欢过圣诞节.

Each也是“每一个”的意思,但与every不同,each用于指两个或两个以上的人或物,着重于个别概念,例:

Two men came into the room. Each carried an umbrella.

两个人走进房间,每人拿着一把伞.

Each book on this desk is worth reading.

这桌子上每一本书都值得读.

He gave three to each(of them).

他给(他们)每人三个.

2) some和 any的比较

不定代词some,any都是“一些”的意思,都可和可数名词或不可数名词连用.some一般用于肯定句中;而any则用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中,例:

Tom has some picture-books.

汤姆有几本图画书.

I have waited some time.

我已等了一会儿了.

Have you any questions?

你有问题吗?

There aren’t any pictures on the wall.

墙上没有图片.

If there are any new magazines in the library, take

some for me.

如果图书馆来了新杂志,替我借几本.

注意:在表示请求或建议,希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中,应用 some而不用 any,例:

Would you please give me some paper?

篇12:关于不定代词的用法

不定代词有:something、somebody、someone、somewhere、anything、anybody、anyone、anywhere、nothing、nobody、no one。

everything、everybody、everyone、everywhere、all、each、both、much、many、a little、a ew、others、another、none、one、either、 neither。

不定代词可以分为很多种类,它的功能与用法也非常丰富,不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。

篇13:英语动词不定式用法详解

【关键词】动词不定式 句法功能 时态语态 否定式 疑问词+不定式 省略

非谓语动词是由动词变来但不能作谓语的动词形式,但可以带自己的宾语或状语,构成非谓语动词短语。不定式是最常用的非谓语动词之一,下面从句法功能、时态和语态等方面举例说明其用法。

一、句法功能

动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词之特性,同时也保留动词特征,同自己的宾语和状语一起构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语。

1.作主语

To love and to be loved are both happiness.

(1)不定式作主语时,为了避免头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语,不定式作真正主语,常见句型有:

It is very nice to get up early and do morning exercise.

It is a great honor to make a speech at the meeting.

It took me five hours to finish my homework yesterday.

It is against my will to tell her the secret.

(2)不定式的逻辑主语用of或for引出。用for时,它前面的形容词说明不定式的性质,而不是说明逻辑主语,常见的形容词有:important, necessary, difficult等;用of时,常用表示人的品质的形容词,常见形容词有:nice, good, cruel, typical, silly, foolish, stupid, bright, clever, wise, right, wrong, mistaken等,也可以用“逻辑主语+系动词+该形容词”模式改写:

It is very important for us to fasten safety belts.

It was silly of her to believe what he said = She was silly to believe what he said.

2.作宾语

(1)agree, beg, choose, decide, afford, fail, expect, hope, long, offer, manage, plan, prepare, pretend, strive, refuse, intend, promise, seem, wish, want等后常跟不定式作宾语。不定式一般不作介词宾语,但可以作but, except的宾语:

My parents agreed to send me abroad for holidays if I passed the exam.

He had no choice but to have a rest at home.

(2)like, love, hate, continue等动词后跟不定式和动名词作宾语意义接近,区别在于不定式表示具体的动作,动名词表示抽象概念:

I like reading, but I don’t like to read in the classroom today.

(3)不定式作宾语时,用it作形式宾语,常跟一个形容词或者名词作宾补:

We consider it necessary to learn English well in case you go abroad.

We have made it a rule not to watch TV during dinner time.

3.作定语

(1)作定语时,与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的“主谓关系”、“动宾关系”等:

He is always the first to come and the last to go. (主谓关系)

I have a very important meeting to attend this afternoon. (动宾关系)

I will go to Shanghai. Do you have anything to be taken there? (主谓关系)

注:此句中you不是不定式逻辑主语,故anything就成逻辑主语,anything与take之前构成被动关系,故用被动形式,但也可用主动形式:

I will do some washing. Do you have any clothes to wash (to be washed)?

There is a lot of homework to do (to be done) today.

(2)如果作定语的动词不能与被修饰词之间构成动宾关系时,要加相应的介词,构成介宾关系:

I have bought a pen to write with and some paper to write on.

(3)某些抽象名词ability, way, need, possibility, determination等后也跟不定式作定语:

The girl has the ability to operate this modern machine.

He has showed the determination to finish the work ahead of time.

4.作状语

不定式作状语时,通常表示原因、目的和结果,逻辑主语通是句子的主语,有主动和被动之分:

I was very pleased to hear the satisfactory news. (原因)

In order to go to college, I have to learn English well. (目的)

The question is very difficult to answer. =To answer the question is very difficult.

注意:不定式在这种情况下作状语,一般是及物动词,与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,翻译为“…起来”,不用被动式:

The woman is very difficult to deal with.= To deal with the woman is very difficult.

He woke up at midnight, only to find the door was open.(结果)

He hurried to the school, only to be told that in was Sunday. (结果)

注意:分词也可作结果状语,但不定式的主动和被动形式都表示出乎预料的结果,而现在分词和过去分词均表示必然结果:

He was late again and again, thus making the boss angry.

He smoked again at work, thus caught by the boss.

5.作补语

(1)作宾补或主补时,不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的宾语或者主语,有主动和被动之分。常用动词有:advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, consider, desire, encourage, expect, force, get, invite, oblige, order, permit, persuade, prefer, request, teach, tell, want, warn等:

Our school doesn’t permit anyone to smoke in the school campus.(宾补)

We were forced to leave the classroom when school was over. (主补)

(2)动词notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, look at, watch, observe, have, feel跟省略to的不定式作宾补,但这些动词变为被动语态时,作主补的不定式要加上to:

I noticed a young lady enter the room hurriedly.

A young lady was noticed to enter the room hurriedly.

6.作表语

不定式作表语既可表示将来发生的动作,也可表示应该做某事:

My job is to teach children English after graduation.

Who is to blame for the broken window?

二、动词不定式的时态和语态

不定式不仅有时态的变化,而且有语态的变化。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时,就用被动语态。

1.一般式表示动作或状态与谓语动词动作或状态同时发生或之后发生:

He likes to swim in the small river this afternoon.

Nobody likes to be criticized in public.

2.完成式表示动作或状态在谓语动词动作或状态之前发生:

He was lucky to have met a kind and helpful man.

The book is said to have been translated into English.

3.进行式表示动作在谓语动词动作或状态发生时正在发生:

He pretended to be sleeping when his mother told him to do washing.

4.完成进行式表示在谓语动词动作或状态发生之前开始的动作,到谓语动词动作发生时可能停止,也可能会持续下去:

He seems to have been standing there for five hours.

三、动词不定式的否定及其它

1.不定式的否定式是在不定式符号to前面加not:

The teacher ordered us not to make any noise in the classroom.

2.疑问词+不定式

“疑问词+不定式”相当于一个名词,在句中作主语、宾语和表语,其中的不定式常用一般式:

When to start for the journey has not been decided.

If you don’t know when to start for the journey, you’d better call him.

The problem is when to start for the journey.

3.不定式to的省略情况

(1)在had better, would rather…than…, would…rather than…, do nothing but \ except \ other than, might as well, cannot help but \ cannot choose but \ cannot but以及情态动词、助动词之后:

I would rather stay at home than go to the cinema in such terrible weather.

There is nothing I can do other than \ but \ except ask for a leave.

(2)动词help后可直接跟省略to的不定式,即help do sth.;help后的不定式作宾补时,如果句子主语直接参与不定式动作时省略to,句子主语不直接参与不定式动作时,一般不省略to:

Please help do housework, as I am too busy.

Would you please help me carry the box upstairs?

The book will help me to improve my writing skills.

(3)在why 或why not开头、表示建议的疑问句中:

Why argue with your mother?

Why not go outside and breathe some fresh air?

(4)并列的两个以上的不定式,从第二个开始省略to,但对比关系中不能省略:

She will come to help us and give us a lecture.

We haven’t decided whether to go to America or to stay in China during the vacation.

(5)不定式作表语时,系动词前边有动词do的任何形式;句子主语是all或what引导的从句;主语被only, first, one, least及形容词最高级所修饰时:

The first thing I want to do now is (to) thank all the people who have helped me in my life.

All I can do is (to) offer him some money to buy food and clothes.

What she really hopes is (to) marry an honest man.

The only thing he can do is (to) do well in the exam.

参考文献:

[1]薄冰英语语法.开明出版社.

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