上海牛津英语词汇表

上海牛津英语词汇表（精选6篇）

篇1：上海牛津英语词汇表

2018年新增词汇

affect v.影响 arrival n.到达 beauty n.美

bright

adj.灿烂的

creative adj.创造性的，有创意的 departure n.离开 download v.下载 exist

v.存在fog

n.雾

forgive v.原谅，饶恕 form

n.形式

mood

n.心情，语气，气氛 probable adj.可能的，大概的 quality

n.质量

recycle

v.回收利用； 使再循环 release

v.& n.释放，排放 schedule

n.时间表

trust

n.& v.信任，相信 web

n.网，网状物 work

n.作品

as long as只要

be supposed to do 应该，被期望 even if

哪怕;虽然;即使，纵然 focus on 聚焦于 in brief 简而言之 take action 采取行动 tour guide 导游

默写版1 ___________________ v.影响 ___________________ n.到达 ___________________ n.美

___________________

adj.灿烂的

___________________ adj.创造性的，有创意的 ___________________ n.离开 ___________________ v.下载

___________________

v.存在___________________

n.雾 ___________________ v.原谅，饶恕 ___________________

n.形式

___________________

n.心情，语气，气氛 ___________________ adj.可能的，大概的 ___________________

n.质量

___________________

v.回收利用； 使再循环 ___________________

v.& n.释放，排放 ___________________

n.时间表

___________________

n.& v.信任，相信 ___________________

n.网，网状物 ___________________

n.作品

___________________只要

___________________ 应该，被期望

___________________

哪怕;虽然;即使，纵然 ___________________ 聚焦于 ___________________简而言之 ___________________ 采取行动 ___________________导游

affect _____

______________________ arrival _____

______________________ beauty _____

______________________ bright

_____

______________________ creative _____

______________________ departure _____

______________________ download _____

______________________ exist

_____

______________________ fog

_____

______________________ forgive _____

______________________ form

_____

______________________ mood

_____

______________________ probable _____

______________________ quality

_____

______________________ recycle

_____

______________________ release

_____

______________________ schedule _____

______________________ trust

_____

______________________ web

_____

______________________ work

_____

______________________

as long as

______________________ be supposed to do ______________________ even if

______________________ focus on ______________________ in brief ______________________ take action ______________________ tour guide ______________________

篇2：上海牛津英语词汇表

（英汉对照版）

★Unit 1 Colours

black 黑色的blue 蓝色的green 绿色的red 红色的white 白色的yellow 黄色的and 和ball 球colour 颜色

★Unit 2 Tastes

candy 糖果ice cream 冰淇淋lemon 柠檬how 怎么，怎样 orange 橙色的sour 酸的sweet 甜的taste 味道，尝

★Unit 3 Sounds

bike 自行车bus 公共汽车，巴士plane 飞机ship船car 小汽车train 火车can 能hear 听见listen 听

●Unit 4 Animals in the zoo

bear 熊elephant象lion 狮子monkey 猴子panda 熊猫tiger 老虎like 喜欢man 男人（复数men）old 老的our 我们的strong 强壮的，坚固的●Unit 5 Toys

kite 风筝robot 机器人toy bear 玩具熊fun 乐趣lovely 可爱的play 玩sorry 对不起

●Unit 6 Food and drinks

biscuit 饼干bread 面包egg蛋juice 果汁milk 牛奶water 水breakfast 早餐child 孩子（复数children）have 有some 一些too 也，还we 我们

▲Unit 7 Hobbies

dance 跳舞paint 用颜料画read 阅读sing 唱歌skate 滑冰swim 游泳at home 在家come in 进来sleep 睡觉work 工作worker 工人，劳动者

▲Unit 8 Happy birthday

cake 蛋糕card 卡片noodle 面条birthday 生日dear 亲爱的for 为了，给how old 多少岁to 给，向

▲Unit 9 A day on the farm

cow 母牛horse 马pig 猪sheep 羊（复数sheep）bye 再见farm 农场grass 草great 很好的，很棒的litter 乱扔（垃圾）stone 石头throw 扔

◆Unit 10 Funny cartoons

head 头body 身体arm 手臂hand 手leg 腿foot 脚，足（复数feet）

◆Unit 11 Mother’s Day

flower 花photo 照片tea 茶cup 杯子day 天，日do 做idea 主意love 爱

◆Unit 12 Three little pigs

篇3：上海牛津英语词汇表

根据二期课改制定的新《课程标准》编写的上海市新世纪教材，与牛津教材参照国家教育部新《课程标准》确定的教学目标、教学内容和教学要求，在培养目标上，更强调对学生全面素质的培养：增加了输入量，扩大了信息量，提高了各学段听、说、读、写能力的教学要求。上海英语教学二期课改后要求，初中毕业时累计能认读词汇2100～2800个，预备年级第一学期以550个单词为起点。

本研究的研究思路为：采用文献研究法，调查研究，比较分析以及实验法来推进课题研究的开展。通过文献研究了解当前国内外在英语词汇学习策略方面的研究现状与发展，了解上海地区所使用的牛津版初中英语教材的引进、改编及使用，了解新世纪版初中英语教材的编写及使用;以预备年级第二学期为例，根据前一学期的各班英语成绩均分，选取比较实验班和对照班，初步了解运用词汇学习策略后的效果;最后对收集到的数据，对比分析实验班与对照班的差异，从而印证策略与英语词汇学习之间的正相关。

二、文献综述

1. 学习策略定义及主要分类。

目前，不同的研究者从不同的角度定义学习策略。Wenden and Rubin认为，“学习策略是一种直接推动学习者构造的语言体系和影响学习效果的对策。”Oxford在她的参考资料中写道，“学习策略是指学生在发展技能中，促进学习者学习进步而使用的具体的行为、步骤或技巧，它被认为可以促进学习的内化、存储、提取或使用。”

大多数策略分类的目的是为了反馈学习策略范畴中或多或少相同的而不是完全不同的内容。Cohen将策略分为语言的学习策略和使用策略;Oxford将策略分为直接策略和间接策略;O’Malley和Chamot将策略分为元认知策略、认知策略和社会/情感策略。

2. 国内外英语词汇学习策略研究现状。

国外学者Cohen, Nation, Oxford等人详细论述了关于词汇学习的各种策略，并作了详细的分类说明;还有一些学者如Gairns&Redman, Sanaoui均重点研究了作为词汇记忆策略之一的关键词法在不同层次的学习者使用过程中的有效程度;Stern, Allen，等探讨了上下文策略和猜测策略在词汇学习(习得)中的重要性。O’Malley&Chamot认为死记硬背法也应该是一种有效的记忆单词的方法。

国内学者吴霞、王蔷研究了202名北师大非英语专业二年级学生学习词汇的策略及其对词汇知识的影响;此外，近三十年里我国许多学者如王文宇、易晓明、韩凯、张文棚、范琳、王庆华、李炯英、郑巧、李宋昊等都对此有不同研究。通过研究发现，学习者在学习词汇时或多或少地使用词汇学习策略，不同阶段、不同类型的学习者使用的策略也有所区别。

3. 牛津版教材的改编、新世纪版教材的编写及其使用。

1999年起，上海市部分中小学将使用由上海中小学课程教材改革委员会引进、改编的牛津英语教材。牛津英语教材的编写体系为Building Blocks (模块建筑体系) ，学生是英语学习的主体。通过教学，使学生的语言概念、语言实践活动和语言能力在原有的“模块”基础上得到拓宽和加深，持续发展。教材十分重视鼓励学生学习使用规范的英语，在各种情景中积极参与“任务”和“活动”，从而体现语言学习的激励性、工具性和交际性功能。

《新世纪初中英语》于2001年开始陆续在上海市杨浦区、崇明县的全部学校以及其他区县的部分学校试用。《新世纪初中英语》保持了原统编教材的优点，即在重视语法结构的同时重视语言功能： (1) 采用主题教学法、结构———功能法和任务型教学法相结合的编写体系。 (2) 在培养目标上，更强调对学生全面素质的培养。教材增加了输入量，扩大了信息量，提高了各学段听、说、读、写能力的教学要求。

如今在上海地区初中学校，牛津版英语教材与新世纪版英语教材并行使用，其语法知识点类似但传授主题不同，中考取其共同之处。

三、实证研究

1. 学习策略训练目标。

通过策略训练明确地教给学生如何形成他们各自的策略体系，策略训练的意图是能帮助学生探究方法来更有效地学习目标语言。策略训练的一个更重要的目标是通过加强学生的策略意识来提升学生的自我管理和自我指导，扩大学生策略的选择范围，训练和培养他们自我监督和自我调控的能力。策略训练可以帮助学习者达到学习的自动化和语言的自动化。

2. 教师词汇教学信念。

年级组宋老师认为，新课程给我们所带来的新理念：学习方式的变革———合作学习。“合作学习”是一种以学习为主体，以活动形式组织学生通过互动、合作来完成某一任务的学习活动。它需要小组成员相互依赖、相互支持、共同合作来提高个人的学习成效和达成共同的学习目标。它非常强调学生与学生之间、老师与学生之间的互动和交流。

年级组罗老师在其英语教学过程中总结了对英语词汇记忆法的方法，最主要的有三种： (1) 词根词缀法：最科学是最通用的方法，但有弊端。 (2) 联想法：运用发音字形等来联想，比如谐音法，这种方法有局限性。 (3) 语境法：把单词放在特定语境中来讲，如电影或老师的亲身经历等等，也可以通过编一些小故事记住单词的含义和用法，实用性强。

拥有二十年英语教学经验的洪老师认为，牛津教材的词汇量较多，学生颇为头疼。而词汇是语言的基本材料，离开词汇就无法表达思想，没有足够的词汇就不能有效的进行听、说、读、写，就无法用英语进行交际。她在课堂上使用的词汇教学方法为：拼读法、直观教学法、构词法、英语解释法、语境教学法、单词重现法、联想法、自主学习法等。

3. 词汇学习策略步骤。

根据笔者在实习学校的考察，笔者所在的班级制定了更为科学的学习策略，并运用到实验班的日常词汇教学中，认知步骤的强化体现在以下几个板块：

(1)初识新词。词汇学习的第一个最基本的步骤是接触生词。根据词汇的语法信息特征，学习者可通过读书、看电视等来寻找一定的语境，也可利用个体的策略出去与英国本地人操练英语，这样每天就能遇到大量的生词。另外一个接触生词的办法就是看教科书或老师指导布置的生词表。如牛津英语6B Unit 1 Great Cities in Asia中的相关地名Asia, Japan, Tokyo, Bangkok以及方位词“north-east, south-east等词，在本单元Listen and learn中就已经有所呈现了，学生初步了解了这些词的意思，但是还没有形成深刻的印象。

(2)学习形意。如果学生认识这个单词，那么他们就必须通过语言结构知识对单词意思进行推测，使用参考书、实物、情景、同义词、反义词等办法对单词意思进行推测或通过询问别人来获知单词的意思。而在6B Unit 1 Great Cities in Asia中的Look and read、Read, ask and answer板块的内容紧紧围绕地理、方位内容展开。这就进一步巩固了词汇的用法。同时，在日常生活情景中往往有一连串的动作或相关动作，而描述这些动作的单词往往有相似之处。例如，在学完新世纪6B Unit 3Geography in English这一单元，同样是讲述英语中的地理词汇，教师可以引导学生通过动作联想记忆单词和短语。

(3)有效记忆。即在教学中引导学生利用记忆规律，开发记忆潜能。科学研究表明，联想记忆远比孤立记忆快而且牢固，因此，在教学中应充分让学生联想，如新世纪6B Unit 3 Geography in English学习geography这个词，可以联想到maths, history, chemistry等学科词汇，也可以联系到kilometre, capital, population等地理用语，这样学生通过联想把一些意义相关的词记住。同样提高学生的记忆效率也要巧用方法，比如学习本单元的数量词million, billion及其用法时，就要教给学生“点三杠四”法来高效转换数量词的表达方法。

(4)反复运用。单词的运用是种“温故知新”的复习。测试的形式一定要多样，有测试拼写的，有测试句法功能的，也要有测试交际功能的。在学完整个Unit 3的Progress Check 3板块测试中，测试的词汇也紧紧围绕本单元学习话题的中心词汇展开。课堂上尽可能用英语，由于英语动词的意义与汉语解释的对等关系是相对的，用英语解释单词即能够使学生准确理解单词的真实含义并增加英语的信息量。

总之，记忆方法多种多样，可以多种方法混合使用，交叉记忆。只要我们积极动脑、动口，有意识地去学习词汇、熟悉词汇，就一定能够突破词汇学习的难关，积累相当可观的英语词汇量。

4. 成效反思。

在英语词汇的学习过程中，实验班在教师的引导下接受一定的学习策略培训，但是学生并不知道他们在进行词汇策略的训练。

词汇学习策略和词汇测试成绩之间有很大的联系，在原始均分类似的班级，通过词汇学习策略培训，实验班词汇测试成绩均分高于对照班4.8分，这就使学生对学好词汇更有自信，使越来越多的学生使用词汇学习策略。中学生在英语词汇学习中主要使用元认知策略，认知策略和社会/情感策略三种词汇学习策略模式，认知策略使用最为广泛;中学生采取的一定词汇学习策略和他们词汇成绩之间有密切的关系，词汇策略培训并在很大程度上对词汇测试的成绩产生了影响，在接受培训后，词汇测试成绩有了很大的提高。(表1)

在认知策略中，情景法、分类法、联想法这三种策略使用频率最高，尤其是情境法，学生在带有课文的情境下，最容易记住出现在本课中的单词;而机械法即死记硬背，也是学生不得不用的一种方法，也是一种比较有效的方法，在使用频率上甚至超过了生词本策略及词典法。生词本的出现并使用，是学生思想转变的一个过程，他们有意识的将不认识、记不牢的单词写在生词本上，然后再借助字典、词典查阅。从总体上来说，词汇策略培训对词汇策略学习的使用起着积极的作用，即使是死记硬背也是一种没有选择而不得不使用的方法。

四、结论和启示

通过本次对学生词汇学习和策略运用之间关系的研究，证明了策略运用有助于词汇学习，尤其是认知策略在词汇学习效果中起着最基本的作用，因此，有效的使用策略对学习的成功起着重要作用，有效的词汇学习策略训练能提高词汇学习的效率，进而提高学生的语言能力。在此，有以下几点需要注意：

首先，教师要本着“词汇积累首先应以课本为本”的思想。把词汇教学与课文内容的学习、句型结构和语法的学习结合起来。其次，要教给学生科学的词汇记忆方法，如：循环记忆、归纳记忆、联想记忆、读音记忆等，同时还要教给学生一定的构词法知识，如前缀、后缀。最后，教师要告诉学生一些基本的记忆理论，要根据学生记忆和遗忘的规律，建立严格的词汇检测制度，不定期地对已学单词、词组或固定搭配进行检查，并给学生以一定的压力。检测是督促学生重视词汇学习的有效手段。

篇4：牛津英语词汇记忆教学

一、快速记忆法，帮助学生快速记忆词汇

快速记忆法是在学习词汇时，授课教师明确阐述记忆词汇的目标后，要求学生在规定时间内记忆词汇，并检查学生的记忆效果。快速记忆法虽然留给学生的时间短，但教师如果运用合适的方法，可以让学生由瞬时记忆转换成永久记忆。如：ginger-姜，分析：g-“哥”的拼音首字母；inger-手指（finger）的近似拼写。记忆：哥哥在切姜时把手指不小心切断了。也可以利用比较法记忆词汇，如：invent（发明）和invite（邀请）、past（过，介词、形容词）和pass（过，动词）等。也可以通过谐音法记忆词汇，如：chocolate（巧克力）、lemon（柠檬）等。

快速记忆法是词汇长久记忆的基础，不仅可以提高学生学习的效率，而且可以缓解学生英语词汇学习的压力。

二、构词记忆法，帮助学生理解记忆词汇

构词记忆法是根据英语词汇的构词原理，从旧词汇来引出新词汇，从而理解学习新词汇。教师通过归纳构词规则，教学生掌握基础的构词规律，使学生轻松理解词汇，并能积极猜测生词的词义。其中方法之一是合成法，将两个或两个以上单词合成一个单词构成新词汇。如：womandoctor、supermarket等。该方法简单易懂，但是不能过于牵强。方法二是派生法，将单词加入一个前缀或后缀，变成一个新的词汇，而相同前缀或后缀的词汇具有近似词义。如：uni-前缀具有共同、普遍的意思，派生出unify、universal；re-是常见的前缀，词义为“返回、再”，派生出rebut（反驳）、recur（再现）。

构词记忆法属于在理解的基础上对词汇归纳分析，拓宽词汇面，能帮学生轻松记忆词汇。

三、语境记忆法，帮助学生掌握词汇用法

词汇不是孤立地存储在人的记忆中的，创造一定的语境有利于词汇的记忆。学生在脑海中会系统化地整理出一个词汇集，避免了死记硬背，并帮助学生掌握词汇的语境用法。如：教授交通工具vehicle單词时，联想到bus、bike、train、motorbike、plane等单词，这些词汇构成一个语义场，可以清楚理解并掌握单词的词义和运用的语境。再如，从医院hospital可联想到doctor、nurse、patient、caner等词汇，可以给出记忆这些词汇的一定语境并组成句子，如：In hospital， doctors and nurses are caring for patients.语境教学需要教师融入对词汇的深刻理解，并创设一定的英语环境，这样才能强化学生对词汇的理解，使学生在英语词汇学习过程中受益匪浅。

四、反思记忆法，提高学生词汇综合运用能力

反思记忆教学是在教学过程中给学生足够的时间反思并探索学习的知识点，学生可以通过个人思考或小组讨论，加深理解并正确运用本章学习的英语词汇。如：7B中词汇对比on、above、over和beneath、below、under两组介词，教师可以用下面这张图展现给学生，并让学生根据图总结并区分介词的应用。

再举一个例子，给出下面两句话，让学生根据语境思考介词on和over用法的区别：

They dragged heavy stones with ropes over their shoulders.（绳在肩膀两边弯下去，具有动态之意，不用on。）

The farmers walked to their fields with hoes on their shoulders.（仅表示锄头所处的位置。是静态，用on，不用over。）

该方法适合在学习基本词汇基础上，让学生自己通过反思探究词汇用法，最终实现对英语词汇的系统理解和掌握，并使教师掌握学生的学习程度。

英语词汇教学的目标最终是培养学生高效、主动记忆并运用词汇的能力。词汇记忆方法仁者见仁、智者见智。这就需要教师在平时的教授过程中不断实践，才能归纳出行之有效的词汇记忆方法，从而在提高教学效率的同时，也减轻学生英语学习的压力，最终实现全面发展的教学策略。■

篇5：牛津英语8B词汇练习

A.根据句意及所给汉语，写出所缺单词的正确形式：

1.It’s not right to ______________(吓唬)the small children.2.The old man ____________(刷)his dog’s fur every day.3.You shouldn’t make too much __________(噪音)in the library.4.Listen!There is someone ______________(敲)at the door.5.A baby panda ____________(重)100 grams at birth.B.根据句意及所给的首字母，写出单词的正确形式：

1.Kitty’s cat likes playing with balls and pieces of s__________ in the garden.2.My parrot has special f___________.They look beautiful in the sun.3.— What’s your t____________, young man?

— There’s something wrong with my left leg.I can’t move it.4.How often do you clean your rabbit’s h___________?

6.A fox can’t h__________ its tail.C.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空：

1.If you’re ____________(care), you’ll make a lot of mistakes.2.Dogs are very __________to people.They are our good friends.3.More and more ______________(build)are standing on both sides of the street.4.The film Mickey is very _______________.Children all over the world are __________ in

seeing it.(interest)

5.How many _______________(goldfish)can you see in the fish tank?

6.Look!Some ____________(mouse)are eating rice over there.7.A tortoise has four legs, but it moves very __________.(slow)

8.Don’t be ___________(worry)about your English study.We’ll help you.III．在改写后的句子中填入所缺单词，使其与原句意思相符：

1.Simon finds reading is very interesting.Simon __________ __________ __________ reading.2.You must finish your homework before you go to bed.__________ ___________ that you __________ your homework before you go to bed.3.People made kites out of wood long long ago.People _____________ wood _________ _________ kites long long ago.4.The boy is old enough to look after himself well.The boy is old enough to __________ __________ __________ ___________ himself.5.You needn’t get there before 8:00 a.m..You ________ _________ __________ get there before 8:00 a.m..6.You mustn’t give your cat fish bones.___________ ___________ your cat fish bones.7.Mille didn’t walk her dog because it rained hard.Millie didn’t __________ her dog _________ a __________ because __________ the __________ rain.8.You shouldn’t frighten the cat.You __________ __________ _________ frighten the cat.V．选用所给动词的正确形式填空：

(frighten, feed, chase, bark, hunt, keep, look, reach)

1.Don’t worry.I ___________ on the Internet for you.2.Amy with her dog ______________ each other.They’re very happy now.3.Who ______________ the little boy just now? He’s crying all the time.4.His grandfather is a pet fan.Look!He _____________ his pet parrot.5.－ ____________a goldfish ___________?

－ No, it’s very quiet.6.Wait until he ___________ the bus stop.7.As a student, you shouldn’t spend too much time __________ after your pet.8.Are you interested in ____________ pets?

VI．根据所给中文完成下列句子：

1.对我们来说每天刷牙两次是有必要的。

It’s ____________ ___________ us __________ brush our teeth ___________ a day.2.请安静，别在教室里大声喧哗。

__________ ___________.Don’t __________ so __________ ___________ in the classroom.3.如果她整天忙着工作，就不应该养狗。

She _____________ ___________ to __________ a dog if she _________ __________ at work all day.4.冬天我们经常穿些暖和的衣服来保暖。

In winter, we often __________ some warm clothes ___________ __________ ourselves ___________.5.你离家时要确保门窗是关的。

Please __________ __________ you keep your doors and windows __________ when you _________ __________.6.听了一个关于扇尾金鱼的报告后，我们学会了怎样照顾它们。

After ____________ to a talk _________ fantail goldfish, we ___________ about how ___________ ____________ ____________ of them.7.英国英语和美国英语有点儿不同。

British English is a __________ __________ _________American English.8.迈克的鹦鹉能用喙拿报纸。

Mike’s parrot is ___________ ___________ ___________ a newspaper ________ its beak.1.They are ________.They come from America.(America)

2.Miss Green teaches ________ English.(we)

3.How many ________ do you want? Five.(potato)

4.Where are the ________ bags? Over there.(twin)

5.I can’t find my pen.May I use ________?(you)

6.He didn’t know how _________ the show on the catwalk.(do)

7.They didn’t buy ___________ yesterday.(something)

8.Who’s one of your favourite basketball ________ ? Yao Ming.(play)

9.The scarf is __________ of wool.(make)

10.I went __________ with Simon.(swim)

四、翻译下列句子。（20’）

1.每个人都想参加时装表演。

Everyone ________ __________ the fashion show.2.我们还需要两名女医生。

We need doctors.3.年轻人喜欢看时装表演。

Young people like fashion 4.她梳着20世纪90年代的发型.She wore her hair _________5.Simon正在Eddie洗澡。

Simon ________Eddie.6.吴老师给我们做了个计算机方面的演讲。

Mr Wu gave us a talk.Ⅰ．Fill in the blanks.用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。

1、She is usually very _______(friend)and quiet.2、If she _______(be)hungry , she will miaow.3、She likes playing with_______(piece)of string.4、I am a shell.I move very _______(slow)

5、You should not do eye exercises with your eye _______(open)

篇6：上海牛津英语词汇表

2. Nobody likes being made fun of in public.

3. I asked him a question but he made/gave no response.

4. There have been several responses to our advertisement.

5. Our call for new suggestions evoked(=produced) little response

6. .She opened the door in response to the knock.

7. I’m writing in response to the question you raised in your letter.

8. What’s your reaction to the news?

9. How did he react to your suggestion?

10. Children at this age tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.

11. The suffering has affected both her mental and physical health.

12. There was a long queue outside the cinema.

13. We queued up for the bus with great anxiety.

14. This technology is still in its early stages.

15. People tend to work hard at this stage of life.

16. We can take the argument one stage further.

17. She acted on our suggestion.

18. A trained dog can act as a guide to a blind person.

19. He acted as if he had never seen me before.

20. Does the drug take long to act ( on the nerve centres)?

21. She’s been awarded a scholarship to study at Oxford.

22. The award for this year’s best actress went to …

23. Make exercise a part of your daily routine.

24. The fault was discovered during a routine check.

25. His bright clothes were badly appropriate for such a solemn occasion.

26. I think this is an appropriate moment to raise the question of my promotion.

27. Complaints must be addressed to the appropriate authority.

28. The new toys kept her amused for hours.

29. The children amused themselves by playing games.

30. Your support is vital to/for the success of my plan.

31. It’s vital that we should act at once.

32. The issues are of vital importance.

33. You don’t sound very enthusiastic about the idea.

34. She never lost her enthusiasm for teaching.

35. It was a tough decision to make.

36. He faces the toughest test of his leadership so far.

37. The smile on her face made it all worthwhile.

38. It didn’t seem worthwhile writing it all out again.

39. The painting is the work of a master.

40. It takes years to master a new language.

41. He has never mastered the art of public speaking.

42. We’ve decided to take on a new clerk in the accounts department.

43. These insects can take on the color of their surroundings.

44. His face took on a worried expression.

45. I’m too tired and I can’t take on extra work.

46. After she had got over/overcome her initial shyness, she became very friendly.

47. It’s a highly skilled job. We need skilled workers.

48. Reading and writing are two different skills.

49. The job calls for skill.

50. Hurry! Go and see what’s going on there.

51. Be careful while crossing the street.

52. I crossed his name off the list.

53. He stood still there with his arms crossed on his chest.

54. I felt warm and cosy sitting by the fire.

55. I was annoyed with him because he kept interrupting.

56. The river wanders through some very beautiful country.

57. The bus was crowded/packed with noisy schoolchildren.

58. The entire village was destroyed in the flood.

59. The disease threatens to wipe out the entire population.

60. She raised her finger to her lips as a sign for silence.

61. The builders raised the ceiling by 6 inches.

62. How do people react to the appeal to raise money for victims of the disaster?

63. His long absence raised fears about his safety.

64. The situation has raised concern both nationally and internationally.

65. We need to raise public awareness of the issue.

66. They are kids raised on a diet of hamburgers.

67. They raised some cattle on the farm.

68. She was never keen on performing in public because she was afraid of making a fool of herself.

69. She fooled the old man out of all his money.

70. He’s fooled a lot of people into believing he’s a rich man.

71. This material tears easily, so be careful when you wear it.

72. She’s so absorbed in the book that she simply couldn’t tear herself away from it.

73. I was torn between my friends and my family.

74. She burst into tears upon hearing the bad news.

75. She exited pretty quickly when she heard him arriving.

76. Ring the bell in an emergency.

77. The situation grew worse and the government declared a state of emergency.

78. I don’t hold out much hope that the weather will improve.

79. How much longer can our supplies hold out?

80. The town was surrounded but the people held out until help came.

81. He’s fond of making jokes about the mistakes his classmates have made.

82. “ Can’t you make your little boy behave(himself)?” said Mary, pointing to the naughty boy’s mother.

83. He tripped over the root of a tree and was hurt.

84. The two cars ran/crashed/knocked/bumped into each other in the darkness.

85. The speech made a strong impression on us.

86. First impressions are often misleading.

87. All such possibilities must be considered before we make a decision.

88. Like many other young people, he prefers pop music.

89. It’s known to us all that Beijing will host the Olympic Games.

90. The address is being broadcast live on TV.

91. Every time he’s caught being late, he will make up an excuse.

92. Girls make up two-thirds of the class.

93. The audience howled with laughter at the words.

94. I’ve never doubted his popularity with his students because he’s so humorous.

95. You’re expecting too much of her. After all, she’s so young.

96. Many young people now don’t hope to follow in the footsteps of their parents.

97. Taking regular exercise and having a balanced diet can help you stay healthy .

98. Whatever the cost, we must carry out the research work.

99. Please look up the new words in your dictionaries after class.

100. The kids looked up from their books at the knock.

101. Mind that all the sentences you make should make sense.

102. Soon/Shortly after their arrival, the play began.

103. Follow the instructions while in the lab.

104. The old buildings are being torn down to make room for the new mall.

105. It’s everyone’s duty to contribute to the construction of our society.

106. The boy burst in with a book in his right hand.

107. He got seriously injured in the accident.

108. They struggled just to pay their bills.

109. I struggled up the hill with the heavy bags.

110. He struggled against cancer for two years.

111. I struggled and screamed for help.

112. How did she manage to struggle free?

113. Life is hard but we all have to struggle on.

114. He is engaged in a bitter struggle with his rival to get control of the company.

115. They were struggling to get out of the burning car.

116. The accident disabled him from playing basketball.

117. On their small income they live very simply.

118. To put it simply, the new proposals mean that the average worker will be about 10% better paid.

119. I don’t like driving; I do it simply because I have to get to work each day.

120. She is very dedicated to her work.

121. The doctor dedicated her life/herself to finding a cure.

122. He dedicated his first book to his late mother.

123. The programme reviews the most important events of 1985.

124. The 800 meters is the fourth event of the afternoon.

125. The two villages are three miles apart.

126. The two sides in the dispute are still a long way apart and it is unlikely that any agreement will be reached.

127. He took the clock apart to repair it.

128. He and his wife are living apart.

129. It’s a good piece of work, apart from a few slight faults.

130. Apart from being too large, it just doesn’t suit me.

131. I don’t think we should devote any more time to this question.

132. Several pages of the paper were devoted to an account of the election.

133. He is very devoted to his wife.

134. Most of our meetings were devoted to discussing the housing problem.

135. They rushed out into the street.

136. The fire engine rushed past us as we waited at the traffic lights.

137. Doctors and medical supplies were rushed to the scene of the accident.

138. Don’t rush into marriage; you might regret it later.

139. There was a rush for the exits when the film ended.

140. She received severe head injuries in the accident.

141. She was in severe pain.

142. The rejection came as a severe blow to his pride.

143. She had a severe look on her face.

144. Competition for the job is very severe.

145. I heard the cheers of the crowd, and I knew our team was winning.

146. Christmas and New Year are a time of good cheer in the company of family and friends.

147. The crowd cheered( the president) as he drove slowly by.

148. She was cheered by the news from home.

149. Oh, come on----cheer up!

150. Give Mary a call; she needs cheering up.

151. He felt bright and cheerful and full of energy.

152. The restaurant is bright and cheerful.

153. She overcame injury to win the Olympic gold medal.

154. The two parties managed to overcome their differences on the issue.

155. In the final game Sweden easily overcame France.

156. She can’t overcome her shyness.

157. She’s accomplished a great deal in the last few weeks.

158. That’s it. Mission accomplished.

159. When we moved to France, the children adapted ( to the change) very well.

160. I’m afraid he can’t adapt to the idea of having a woman as his boss.

161. These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.

162. It took him a while to adapt himself to his new surroundings.

163. Three of his novels have been adapted for television.

164. She tried to be more positive(=confident) about her new job.

165. We should have positive attitudes towards life.

166. We must take positive steps to deal with the problem.

167. It will require positive action by all in the industry.

168. We’ve had a very positive response to the idea.

169. His family have been a very positive influence on him.

170. We have no positive evidence that she was involved.

171. Are you positive that you’ve never seen that man before?

172. Thinking positively is one way of dealing with stress.

173. The experts are optimistic about our chances of success.

174. He tried to inspire them to greater efforts.

175. I was inspired to work harder by her example.

176. She showed remarkable courage when she heard the bad news.

177. I didn’t have the courage to tell him the bad news.

178. She showed admirable self-control.

179. He’s always looking in the mirror, admiring himself.

180. I was filled with admiration for her courage.

181. The documentary aroused public sympathy for victims of the disaster.

182. I have no sympathy for her; it’s all her own fault.

183. He had always obeyed his parents without question.

184. You’ll have to observe the speed limit on the highway.

185. I’ve arranged for a taxi.

186. He called at 9, as arranged.

187. I’ve arranged for a doctor to see him.

188. We still have to arrange where to meet.

189. They went to Italy on a coach tour.

190. They believed the witness had been coached on what to say.

191. I coach people for English exams.

192. She coaches me in French.

193. A large sum has been allocated for buying new books for the library.

194. More resources are being allocated to the project.

195. The space available is not adequate for our needs.

196. There is a lack of training that is adequate to meet the future needs of industry.

197. I hope he will prove adequate to the job.

198. Her performance was adequate, though hardly exciting.

199. People are confused about all the different labels on food these days.

200. The children gave a confused account of what had happened.

201. He has decided to quit as manager of the team.

202. He quit the show last year because of his poor health.

203. I’m tired of watching television; let’s go for a walk.

204. The agency offers practical guidance to people starting their own business.

205. She went on holiday alone---she’s very independent.

206. He was innocent of the crime and was set free.

207. The man gave a vivid description of what happened.

208. He’s a shy boy who can’t communicate very well.

209. We can communicate with each other by sending e-mails.

210. Basic human rights, including freedom of speech, are now guaranteed.

211. The ticket will guarantee you free entry.

212. We guarantee to deliver your goods within a week.

213. These days getting a degree doesn’t guarantee you a job.

214. We’ll do all we can to assist you.

215. We’ll assist you in finding somewhere to live, so don’t worry.

216. Two men are assisting the police with their enquiries.

217. Anyone willing to assist can contact this number.

218. This heating system has an automatic temperature control.

219. Breathing is an automatic function of the body.

220. At the turn of a tap you get instant hot water.

221. The instant I saw him I knew he was the man the police were looking for.

222. What’s the maximum amount of wine you’re allowed to take through customs duty-free?

223. He smokes (up to) a maximum of ten cigarettes a day.

224. I enjoy Mary’s company.

225. He’s coming with me for company.

226. The children are very good company at this age.

227. Jane is very mature for her age.

228. Technology in this field has matured considerably over the last decade.

229. She has matured into one of the country’s finest actresses.

230. Information must be stored so that it’s secure from accidental deletion.

231. Check that all windows and doors have been made as secure as possible.

232. What’s the motivation behind this sudden change?

233. He’s intelligent enough but lacks motivation.

234. It doesn’t make any difference/the slightest difference to me whether you go or stay.

235. When you’re learning to drive, having a good teacher makes a big difference/makes all the difference.

236. There are no significant differences between the education systems of the two countries.

237. She noticed a marked difference in the children on her second visit.

238. Why don’t you settle your differences and be friends again?

239. Your age shouldn’t make any difference to whether you get the job or not.

240. Their house differs from mine in having no garage.

241. The brothers differ widely in their tastes.

242. people’s talents differ from person to person.

243.She looks different with her hair short.

244. Boys and girls may behave differently.

245. By investing wisely, she accumulated a fortune.

246. It is a long time since he has visited his native Poland.

247. The tiger is native to India.

248.The kangaroo is a native of Australia.

249. She speaks Italian like a native, though she is a native speaker of French.

250. Judging from his accent, he’s a Southerner.

251. This newspaper has a long tradition of attacking corruption and mismanagement.

252. He intends to continue the family tradition and seek a career in politics.

253. The traditional English breakfast includes bacon and eggs.

254. A great party was held that day in celebration of their fiftieth wedding anniversary.

255. These good results have given us something to celebrate.

256. He settled back in his chair and closed his eyes.

257. He settled himself comfortably in his usual chair.

258. I settled my daughter on the sofa and put a blanket over her.

259. Dust had settled on the tables and chairs.

260. Settle down, children; stop running about!

261. That’s settled; we’ll leave tomorrow.

262. It’s all settled---we’re leaving on the nine o’clock plane.

263. They settled their quarrel/differences in a friendly way.

264. The American West was hardly settled until the 19th century.

265. She settled (herself) down in a chair with a book and a cup of tea.

266. I hate all this travel; I want to get married and settle down.

267. It was so embarrassing when the children started laughing in the middle of the service.

268. He bought a little model of the Eiffel Tower as a souvenir of his holiday in Paris.

269. She asked him to clarify what he meant.

270. When will the government clarify its position on equal pay for women?

271. She didn’t participate in the discussion.

272. We want to encourage students to participate fully in the running of the college.

273. Details of the competition are available at all participating stores.

274. A back injury prevented active participation in any sports for a while.

275. I got a warm reception that day.

276. They’re holding a reception to welcome the new ambassador.

277. Leave your key at reception/at the reception desk.

278. According to the estate agent’s ad, the house has three bedrooms and two reception rooms.

279. Wine usually contains about 10% alcohol.

280. He’s been told by the doctor to keep off alcohol.

281. Watch out for sharp turns and adjust your speed accordingly.

282. Adjust your language to the age of your audience.

283. It took her a while to adjust to living alone after the divorce.

284. I hope you’ll quickly adjust yourself to student life.

285. It’s time for me to log off. Bye!

286. In order to log in ( to the system), you have to type in a special password.

287. You need a password to log in/on.

288. Let’s analyse the problem and see what went wrong.

289. The analysis of the food showed the presence of poison.

290. The following is a summary of our conclusions.

291. In summary, this was a disappointing performance.

292. She has an annoying habit of biting her fingernails.

293. I smoke only out of/from habit; I wish I could break the habit.

294. My daughter’s got into the habit of turning on the TV as soon as she got home.

295. She’s tried to give up smoking but just can’t kick the habit.

296. I hope you won’t make a habit of it.

297. Social customs vary greatly from country to country.

298. It was his custom to get up early and have a cold bath.

299. It is the custom in that country for women to marry young.

300. I usually enjoy his films, but the latest one didn’t come/live up to my expectations.

301. Unfortunately, the new software has failed to meet expectations.

302. Some parents have unrealistic expectations of their children.

303. She lives in France but has British nationality.

304. The product sells well both at home and overseas/abroad.

305. If the pain continues, consult your doctor.

306. I need to consult with my colleagues on the proposals.

307. Consult your dictionary if you have any questions.

308. The audience showed its approval by cheering loudly.

309. The new proposals have won the approval of the board.

310. You made a good decision, and I thoroughly approve of it.

311. She’s clever but she lacks ambition.

312. One of her ambitions is to become a doctor.

313. He has at last achieved his lifetime ambition of running a private school.

314. The attack was the latest in a series of incidents in the area.

315. I was invited to their wedding feast.

316. The band’s new album takes up where their last one left off.

317. The table takes up too much room.

318. I won’t take up any more of your time.

319. Her time is fully taken up with writing.

320. They’ve taken up golf.

321. He takes up his duties next week.

322. Their protests were later taken up by other groups.

323. Give out the exam papers, please.

324. They gave out on the radio that the president had died.

325. She gave out a yell at the sight of the terrible accident.

326. Our supply of sugar has given out.

327. My strength gave out after the long walk.

328. That’s not the proper way to stop the machine. You should stop it this way.

329. What’s the correct procedure of renewing your car tax?

330. He’s standing still with his hands in his pockets.

331. It’s easy to have your pocket picked in a big crowd.

332. All members of the club are requested to attend the annual meeting.

333. The teaching staff requested of the head teacher that he should reconsider his decision.

334. They have made an urgent request for international aid.

335. She’s holding up well under the pressure.

336. The construction of the new road has been held up by the bad weather.

337. An accident is holding up traffic.

338. He remarked that it was getting late.

339. The judges remarked on the high standard of entries for the competition.

340. What exactly did you mean by that last remark?

341. The law states that everyone has the right to practise their own religion.

342. It is now generally accepted that…

343. Generally, Japanese cars are very reliable and breakdowns are rare.

344. She finds the divorce too upsetting to talk about.

345. One major difference between these computers concerns the way in which they store information.

346. What concerns me most is our lack of preparation for the change.

347. I have enjoyed my visit very much, and would like to thank all the people concerned.

348. As far as I’m/we’re concerned, you can go whenever you want.

349. He asked several questions concerning the future of the company.

350. I haven’t the slightest idea (= I have no idea) what you’re talking about.

351.--- Do you mind if I open the window?----Not in the slightest/least. (=Not at all)

352. She was shaking with laughter/anger/fear.

353. Shake the bottle before taking the medicine.

354. They shared the work equally between them.

355. We went on a guided tour round/around/of the castle.

356. The project has been given the government’s seal of approval.

357. Only drink bottled water and check the seal isn’t broken.

358. Make sure you’ve signed the cheque before sealing the envelope.

359. She gave the police a full account of the incident.

360. The diaries contained detailed accounts of the writer’s experiences in China.

361. She retired early on account of ill health.

362. On no account should the house be left unlocked.

363. The company takes accounts of environmental issues wherever possible.

364. Coursework is taken into account as well as exam results.

365. The poor weather may have accounted for the small crowd.

366. How do you account for the show’s success?

367. All passengers have now been accounted for.

368. The Japanese market accounts for 35% of the company’s revenue.

369. He hid his hatred under a mask of loyalty.

370. He carved the wood into the shape of a bird.

371. The country is governed by elected representatives of the people.

372. He accused the opposition party of being unfit to govern.

373. Prices are very much governed by market demand.

374. All his decisions have been entirely governed by self-interest.

375. She’s still hunting for a new job.

376. The hunt is on for a suitable candidate.

377. Is he learning an instrument?

378. The plain fact is that we just can’t afford it.

379. Explain it in plain English, please.

380. The thief was caught by a policeman in plain clothes.

381. Spread the map out flat on the floor.

382. Children from the flats(=the block of flats) across the street were playing outside.

383. We got a flat (flat tyre) on the way home.

384. The aim is to give people more power over their own lives.

385. It is not within my power to help you.

386. The drug may affect your powers of concentration.

387. There was a power failure/cut last night.

388. The police and the army have been given special powers to deal with the situation.

389. People say that Britain is no longer a world power.

390. The scientist referred to the discovery as the most exciting new development in this field.

391. The figures in the left-hand column refer to our overseas sales.

392. Let me just refer to my notes to find the exact figures.

393. The new law does not refer to land used for farming.

394. The shop referred the complaint back to the makers of the articles.

395. The star refers to items which are intended for the advanced learners.

396. Do you know how to operate the heating system?

397. The machine is not operating at maximum efficiency.

398. Our company operates in several countries.

399. The new law operates against us/doesn’t operate in our favor.

400. Some people can only operate well under pressure.

401. We will have to operate on his eyes.

402. Doctors performed an emergency operation on her.

403. The police have launched a major operation against drug suppliers.

404. We’re deeply honored that you should agree to join us.

405. The president honored us with a personal visit.

406. It was a great honor to be invited here today.

407. Did you come to London to see your family, or for business purposes?

408. I haven’t got a pen, but a pencil will serve the same purpose.

409. Our campaign’s main purpose is to raise money.

410. He did it on purpose, knowing it would annoy her.

411. His coat was so long that it was almost touching the floor.

412. He hasn’t touched the money his aunt left him.

413. What he said really touched my heart.

414. All this information is readily available at the touch of a button.

415. Are you still in touch with your friends from college?

416. The violence was the result of political and ethnic conflicts.

417. She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.

418. She proved herself a worthy successor of the former champion.

419. No composer was considered worthy of the name until he had written an opera.

420. The performance is really worthy to be remembered.

421. There’s a plan to cut the company’s labor force.

422. Attendance on the course is purely voluntary.

423. He volunteered for guard duty.

424. Jenny volunteered to clear up afterwards.

425. This work costs us nothing: it’s all done by volunteers.

426. Unlike the American , the British press operates on a national scale.

427. It is important that students develop an awareness of how the Internet can be used.

428. There was an almost complete lack of awareness of the issues involved.

429. Draw a circle and write your name in it.

430. She drew the doctor aside to discuss her mother’s illness.

431. They drew their wages every Friday.

432. The play is drawing big crowds.

433. Her shouts drew the attention of the police.

434. They drew courage from his example.

435. We should draw some lessons from the accident.

436. You will be fined the sum of $200 if you break the rule.

437. The sum of 7 and 12 is 19.

438. I had to spend a large sum of money to get it back.

439. The hospital is trying to raise funds for a new kidney machine.

440. The projects have been cancelled because of lack of funds.

441. The scientists’ search for a cure for the disease is being funded by the government.

442. The disease is in urgent need of medical attention.

443. The poverty-stricken area made an urgent request for international aid.

444. He’s good at his job but he seems to lack perseverance.

445. There was no lack of volunteers.

446. The reasons for my decisions are set out in my report.

447. I think you’re deliberately setting out to annoy me.

448. The meal was set out on a long table.

449. First, allow me, on behalf of all my classmates, to express our thanks to you.

450. He comes from a remote village in the hills.

451. I’m afraid your chances of success are rather remote.

452. The information ought to be made more accessible.

453. The island is accessible only by boat.

454. Students need easy access to books they want.

455. Her ex-husband has access to the children at weekends.

456. After two hours’ frustrating delay, our train at last arrived.

457. I’m feeling rather frustrated in my present job; I need a change.

458. The bad weather frustrated our hopes of going out.

459. If only I were 10 years younger now.

460. If only I had gone by taxi yesterday.

461. This is a matter of individual conscience.

462. The book aims to cover all aspects of city life.

463. The house has a south-facing aspect.

464. We should consider a problem in all its aspects.

465. My time is precious; I can only give you a few minutes.

466. Don’t remind me of that awful day-I made such a fool of myself.

467. The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late.

468. Remind me to write to Mother.

469. The flood victims received money and clothes from several charities.

470. The painting comes from his private collection.

471. The first stage in research is data collection.

472. The total collection last week amounted $500.

473. Her new book is a collection of short stories.

474. We’ll have to face the facts---we simply can’t afford a holiday this year.

475. The main difficulty that faces us today is of supplying food to those in need.

476. When we faced her with all the evidence, she admitted the crime.

477. The house faces a park.

478. She is faced with a tough decision this time.

479. The country is involved in a border incident.

480. Running a car is a big expense.

481. You can claim back your travel expenses.

482. The results are well worth the expense.

483. They need financial help to meet the expenses of an emergency.

484. We were taken out for a meal at the company’s expense.

485. He built up the business at the expense of his health.

486. The price was somewhat higher than I’d expected.

487. We followed the river back to discover its source.

488. The faulty connection is the source of the engine trouble.

489. What is their main source of income?

490. Your local library will be a useful source of information.

491. Petrol is no longer a cheap fuel.

492. The heart is a kind of natural pump that moves the blood around the body.

493. She has gone to fetch the kids from school.

494. My car broke down on my way home yesterday.

495. Please state your name, address and occupation.

496. She was born in France during the German occupation.

497. Writing occupies most of my spare time.

498. She occupied herself with routine office tasks.

499. Problems at work continued to occupy his mind for some time.

500. The president occupies the position for four years.

501. His arguments forced them to admit he was right.

502. We had to force the window open because we had forgotten to bring our keys.

503. I never force my ideas upon anyone else.

504. I thought their smile was rather forced.

505. The thief took the money from the old man by force.

506. Use whatever means you can to persuade him.

507. We express our thoughts by means of words.

508. The quickest means of travel is by plane.

509. The company’s commitment to providing quality at a reasonable price has been vital to its success.

510. A career as a teacher requires one hundred percent commitment.

511. Heavy snow has caused total chaos on the roads.

512. The house was in chaos after the party.

513. She burst into tears and fled at this sight.

514. He was caught trying to flee the country.

515. Many people around the world die of starvation during famines every year.

516. She and I are colleagues: we work in the same unit.

517. There’s a vacant place over there where we can park.

518. The job was advertised in the ‘situations vacant’ column in the newspaper.

519. Students often find temporary jobs during their summer holidays.

520. The patient is being treated in the local clinic.

521. George got hold of the dog by its collar.

522. Where have you been? I’ve been trying to get hold of you all day.

523. It’s almost impossible to get hold of tickets for the final.

524. There may be some minor changes to the schedule.

525. Women played a relatively minor role in the organization.

526. The cut will soon heal up/over.

527. He was healed of his sickness.

528. The patient was asked to take some medicine to prevent the bacteria from spreading.

529. Mary was cutting the grass, and meanwhile, Adam was planting trees in the garden.

530. In the storm, I took shelter under the big tree.

531. These plants must be sheltered from direct sunlight.

532. They were anxious to find shelter for the night.

533. People were desperately seeking shelter from the gunfire.

534. Please ask a member of staff for directions to the nearest terminals.

535. The police put up barriers to control the crowd.

536. Lack of confidence is the biggest barrier to investment in the region.

537. We’re now living in great comfort.

538. We can take comfort from the fact that the situation is not actually getting worse.

539. I tried to comfort Mary after her mother’s death

540. I don’t think it makes a lot of difference what color it is.

541. “Shall we go on Friday or Saturday?” “ It makes no difference to me.”

542. A few kind words at the right time makes all the difference.

543. The traditional backpack with a difference---it’s waterproof.

544. The minister refused to comment on individual cases.

545. Respect for individual freedom is advocated in that country.

546. Treatment depends on the individual involved.

547. She wears very individual clothes.