时态语态历年真题与解析训练

时态语态历年真题与解析训练（精选5篇）

篇1：时态语态历年真题与解析训练

浙江省2015届高三英语新一轮专题复习训练

时态和语态

（2013浙江）10.During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs ________ sharply.A.was increasingB.has increasedC.had increasedD.will be increasing

【答案】B.（2011浙江）15.The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant ______ in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly.A.gave

【答案】D

（2010浙江）5.ff you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you __ fresh watermelon in the fall.A.eatB.would eatC.have eatenD.will be eating

5.答案D

（2010浙江）15.For many years, people __ electric ears.However, making them has been more difficult than predicted.A.had dreamed ofB.have dreamed ofC.dreamed ofD.dream of

答案BB.givesC.was givingD.had given

篇2：时态语态历年真题与解析训练

数列

第十六讲

等比数列

2019年

1.(2019全国1理14)记Sn为等比数列{an}的前n项和.若,则S5=____________.2.(2019全国3理5)已知各项均为正数的等比数列{an}的前4项为和为15,且a5=3a3+4a1,则a3=

A.16

B.8

C.4

D.2

3.(2019全国2卷理19)已知数列{an}和{bn}满足a1=1,b1=0，.(1)证明:{an+bn}是等比数列,{an–bn}是等差数列;

(2)求{an}和{bn}的通项公式.2010-2018年

一､选择题

1.(2018北京)

“十二平均律”是通用的音律体系,明代朱载堉最早用数学方法计算出半音比例,为这个理论的发展做出了重要贡献.十二平均律将一个纯八度音程分成十二份,依次得到十三个单音,从第二个单音起,每一个单音的频率与它的前一个单音的频率的比都等于.若第一个单音的频率为f,则第八个单音的频率为

A.B.C.D.2.(2018浙江)已知，,成等比数列,且.若,则

A.,B.,C.,D.,3.(2017新课标Ⅱ)我国古代数学名著《算法统宗》中有如下问题:“远望巍巍塔七层,红光点点倍加增,共灯三百八十一,请问尖头几盏灯?”意思是:一座7层塔共挂了381盏灯,且相邻两层中的下一层灯数是上一层灯数的2倍,则塔的顶层共有灯

A.1盏

B.3盏

C.5盏

D.9盏

4.(2015新课标Ⅱ)等比数列满足，则=

A.21

B.42

C.63

D.84

5.(2014重庆)对任意等比数列,下列说法一定正确的是

A.成等比数列

B.成等比数列

C.成等比数列

D.成等比数列

6.(2013新课标Ⅱ)等比数列的前项和为,已知，则=

A.B.C.D.7.(2012北京)

已知为等比数列.下面结论中正确的是

A.B.C.若,则

D.若,则

8.(2011辽宁)若等比数列满足,则公比为

A.2

B.4

C.8

D.16

9.(2010广东)已知数列为等比数列,是是它的前n项和,若,且与2的等差中项为,则

A.35

B.33

C.3l

D.29

10.(2010浙江)设为等比数列的前n项和,则

A.-11

B.-8

C.5

D.11

11.(2010安徽)设是任意等比数列,它的前项和,前项和与前项和分别为,则下列等式中恒成立的是

A.B.C.D.12.(2010北京)在等比数列中，公比.若,则=

A.9

B.10

C.11

D.12

13.(2010辽宁)设为等比数列的前项和,已知，则公比

A.3

B.4

C.5

D.6

14.(2010天津)已知是首项为1的等比数列,是的前项和,且,则数列的前5项和为

A.或5

B.或5

C.D.二､填空题

15.(2017新课标Ⅲ)设等比数列满足，则

=

_______.16.(2017江苏)等比数列的各项均为实数,其前项的和为,已知，则=

.17.(2017北京)若等差数列和等比数列满足，则=_____.18.(2016年全国I)设等比数列满足，则的最大值为

.19.(2016年浙江)设数列的前项和为.若，,则

=,=

.20.(2015安徽)已知数列是递增的等比数列，则数列的前项和等于

.21.(2014广东)等比数列的各项均为正数,且,则

________.22.(2014广东)若等比数列的各项均为正数,且,则

.23.(2014江苏)在各项均为正数的等比数列中，则的值

是

.24.(2013广东)设数列是首项为,公比为的等比数列,则

.25.(2013北京)若等比数列满足=20,=40,则公比q=

;前n项和=

.26.(2013江苏)在正项等比数列中，.则满足的最大正整数的值为

.27.(2012江西)等比数列的前项和为,公比不为1｡若,且对任意的都有,则=_________________.28.(2012辽宁)已知等比数列为递增数列,若,且,则数列的公比

.29.(2012浙江)设公比为的等比数列的前项和为.若，则

.30.(2011北京)在等比数列中，,则公比=_____

_________;

____________.三､解答题

31.(2018全国卷Ⅲ)等比数列中，.(1)求的通项公式;

(2)记为的前项和.若,求.32.(2017山东)已知是各项均为正数的等比数列,且,.(Ⅰ)求数列的通项公式;

(Ⅱ)如图,在平面直角坐标系中,依次连接点，…,得到折线…,求由该折线与直线，所围成的区域的面积.33.(2016年全国III高考)已知数列的前项和,其中.(Ⅰ)证明是等比数列,并求其通项公式;

(Ⅱ)若,求.34.(2014新课标)已知数列满足=1,.(Ⅰ)证明是等比数列,并求的通项公式;

(Ⅱ)证明:.35.(2014福建)在等比数列中,.(Ⅰ)求;

(Ⅱ)设,求数列的前项和.36.(2014江西)已知数列的前项和.(Ⅰ)求数列的通项公式;

(Ⅱ)证明:对任意,都有,使得成等比数列.37.(2013四川)

在等比数列中，且为和的等差中项,求数列的首项､公比及前项和｡

38.(2013天津)已知首项为的等比数列的前n项和为,且成等差数列.(Ⅰ)

求数列的通项公式;

(Ⅱ)

证明.39.(2011新课标)已知等比数列的各项均为正数,且.(Ⅰ)求数列的通项公式.(Ⅱ)设,求数列的前n项和.40.(2011江西)已知两个等比数列,满足

.(Ⅰ)若,求数列的通项公式;

(Ⅱ)若数列唯一,求的值.41.(2011安徽)在数1和100之间插入个实数,使得这个数构成递增的等比数列,将这个数的乘积记作,再令.(Ⅰ)求数列的通项公式;

篇3：动词时态语态考点探析与演练

一、十大热点时态精析

1. 现在完成进行时

现在完成进行时的构成形式是have / has been doing sth.,意思是“一直在做某事”。现在完成进行时没有被动语态,它强调动作在某一段时间内一直在进行,而且该动作往往对现在产生影响,并将持续下去。例如:

He has been working as a volunteer for fifteen years, which really isn't an easy thing.

现在完成进行时强调动作的持续时间,常带有感情色彩。例如:

I’ve been waiting for an hour but he still hasn’t turned up.(抱怨的感情色彩)

【典例1】—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere.(2015年福建卷)

—He went to the library after breakfast and_______ (write) his essay there ever since.

解析:has been writing。由时间标志词ever since可知应使用现在完成时态,再结合语境可知,论文可能还没写完,还要在那儿继续写,故用现在完成进行时。

【典例2】—We've spent too much money recently.

—Well, it isn't surprising. Our friends and relatives _______ (come) around all the time.

解析:have been coming。此处表示的是从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态,表示的是动作的延续,故用现在完成进行时。

【典例3】Joseph _______ (go) to evening classes since last month, but he still can't say “What's your name?”in Russian.

解析:has been going。由时间状语since last month可知应使用现在完成时,再结合题干的意思可知,“上夜校”这一行为从过去发生到现在,一直在进行着,且还会持续下去,故应使用现在完成进行时。

【典例4】Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she _______ (shoulder) since her marriage to Father.

解析:has been shouldering。题干中有表示完成时的时间标志词since,且描述的是动作的延续,所以定语从句中用现在完成进行时。

2. 一般现在时

一般现在时主要用来表示人、事、物的现在状况和特点;也可以表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often,always,from time to time等时间状语;还可以表示客观规律和永恒真理等。例如:

He usually goes to work at 7 o'clock every morning.

以下几种情况中经常使用一般现在时:

1)表示永恒的真理,即使出现在过去的语境中,仍用一般现在时。例如:

I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.

2)在时间和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如:

If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.

3)在make sure / certain, see to it, mind,care, matter+宾语从句中,从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如:

So long as he works hard, I don't mind when he finishes the experiment.

4)在“ the more..., the more... ( 越……, 越……)”句型中,若主句是一般将来时,从句通常用一般现在时。例如:

The harder you study, the better results you will get.

【 典例1】Linda, make sure the tables_______ (set) before the guests arrive.

解析:are set。make sure后接宾语从句时, 从句中谓语动词通常用一般现在时。set tables意思是“摆放桌子”,tables前置作主语,故用被动结构。

【典例2】Mother _______ (do) all the cooking for our family, but recently she has been too busy to do it.

解析:does。第一句陈述客观事实,所以使用一般现在时态。

3. 现在完成时

现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或影响仍然存在。现在完成时除了可以和for, since引导的状语连用外,还可以和during / in /over the last / past few years / months / weeks,in recent years,recently,lately,up to / till now,so far等连用。

在下列句型中常用现在完成时:

1)It is / has been +一段时间+ since从句

2)This / That / It is the first / second time +that从句

3)This / That / It is the only ... + that从句

4)This / That / It is the best / finest / most interesting... + that从句

在时间或条件状语从句中,现在完成时可以代替将来完成时。例如:

If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.

【典例1】Up to now, the program _______(save) thousands of children who would otherwise have died.

解析:has saved。up to now是使用现在完成时态的标志,所以空格处使用现在完成时态。

【典例2】For many years, people _______(dream) of electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted.

解析:have dreamed。根据句意可以推断此处的梦想从过去到现在,并由此延伸。目前,市场上已经有了电动汽车,所以应使用现在完成时。

4. 过去完成时

过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或状态,即“过去的过去”。 当强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时, 常用过去完成时。

常用过去完成时的几种情况:

1)在by the end of, by the time, until, before等后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作时。例如:

By the end of last year, we had produced20,000 cars.

The train had left before we reached the station.

2)表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等,常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended /thought / wanted / expected等或用上述动词的过去式后接不定式的完成式表示,即:hoped / planned /meant / intended / thought / wanted / ex-pected to have done等。例如:

I had planned to pay a visit to you, but I had an unexpected visitor. = I planned to have paid a visit to you, but I had an unexpected visitor.

3)“时间名词+ before”在句子中作状语,谓语动词用过去完成时“;时间名词+ ago”在句中作状语,谓语动词用一般过去时。例如:

He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.

Xiao Hua left school three years ago.

4)表示“一……就……”的几个句型中,主句用过去完成时。即:Hardly / No sooner /Scarcely had +主语+过去分词+ when / than / be-fore +一般过去时。例如:

We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.

【典例1】It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they _______ (do) for me.

解析:had done。“I was able to fully appreciate”用的是过去时,而“他们为我所做的一切” 则是“过去的过去”,故用过去完成时。

【典例2】“Were you surprised by the ending of the film?”“No, I _______ (read) the book, so I already knew the story.”

解析:had read。在knew之前已看过,故用过去完成时。

5. 一般过去时

一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去。它所表示的事情纯属过去,与现在情况没有联系,常与明确的过去时间状语连用,如:yesterday, last week, in1945, at that time, once, during the war, a few days ago, when等。

【典例1】Excuse me. I _______ (realize) I was blocking your way.

解析:didnt realize。根据第二句后半部分的内容可知叙述的是过去的情况,此处表示的是说话之前没有意识到挡住了对方的路,所以用一般过去时。

【典例2】The book has been translated into thirty languages since it _______ (come) on the market in 1973.

解析:came。since引导的从句作状语时,主句通常用现在完成时,而从句用一般过去时, 故填came。

6. 现在进行时

现在进行时表示说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动;或表感情色彩,加强语气。 常与now, at the moment, right now, at present,these days等时间状语连用。与频率副词如:al-ways, constantly, continually等连用时表示说话人的某种感情色彩(赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等)。例如:

The teacher is writing his notes now. (暂时的还在进行的动作)

Xiao Wang is always coming late. (带有不满的感情色彩)

【典例】It is reported that many a new house_______ (build) at present in the disaster area.

解析:is being built。由时间状语at present可知此处动词表示的动作正在进行,主语与所填选项是被动关系,故用现在进行时的被动语态。“many a+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

7. 将来进行时

将来进行时主要表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作,或表示要在将来某一时间开始, 并继续下去的动作,也可用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。

将来进行时往往在以下几种场合中使用:

1)表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作,一般带状语。例如:

What will you be doing at this time next Monday?

2)表示现在正在进行的动作,但这个动作会延续到将来。例如:

I wonder if it will still be raining this afternoon.

3)表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测。 例如:

Tomorrow I will be flying to Bombay.

After you take the medicine, you will be feeling much better.

4)表示对将来的打算(区别于对将来的预测)。例如:

My duties will end in July, and I’ll be returning to Shanghai.

【典例】If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you _______ (eat) fresh watermelon in the fall.

解析:will be eating。表示对将来的预测通常使用将来进行时。

8. 过去进行时

过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。常与then, at that time,at this time yesterday等时间状语连用。例如:

I was going along the street looking for a place to park my car when the accident occurred.

【典例】You must tell us what you _______(do) at ten yesterday evening.

解析:were doing。表示过去某个时间点正在发生的动作应使用过去进行时。

9. 过去完成进行时

过去完成进行时表示一个动作从过去某时开始,一直延续到另一个过去时刻,到那个时刻,该动作可能刚刚终止,也有可能还在继续。

1)过去完成进行时所表示的动作与过去的时间关系,可以用时间状语来表示,也可以通过上下文来表示。例如:

By the end of last month they had been working here for about ten days.

She said that she had been listening to radio after school.

2)过去完成进行时可以表示一个动作已经结束,但其结果仍然影响到过去的某一时刻。例如:

It had been raining and the street was still wet.

3)work, study, stay, sing, teach等延续性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用时,用过去完成进行时可以表示一个动作一直延续到过去某一时刻,通常强调动作的持续性和不间断性。例如:

She had been studying for two hours when her classmate came to visit her.

【典例】When Alice came to, she did not know how long she _______ (lie) there.

解析:had been lying。通过句意可以发现, “躺”这个动作发生在came to之前,即发生在 “过去的过去”,应该用过去完成时。又因为作者强调“一直”这个概念,故使用过去完成进行时。

10. 将来完成时

将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与 “before+将来时间”或“by+将来时间”连用,也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。例如:

We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term.

By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.

【典例】—Tommy is planning to buy a car.

—I know. By next month, he _______ (save)enough for a used one.

解析:will have saved。by next month是将来完成时的标志,全句表示在将来next month之前完成“积攒足够钱”的动作,对将来的时间next month产生影响,能买一辆旧车。故填将来完成时。

二、五种解题技巧点拨

1. 查找时间标志词

若括号中所给的是动词,并且根据其在句中所处的位置和成分判断是谓语动词时,首先寻找时间标志词;如果句中有标志性的时间状语,则往往可以根据时间状语填写相应的时态。

【典例1】Daniel’s family _______ (enjoy)their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.

解析:will be enjoying。括号中所给的词是动词,分析句子结构可知,该句缺少谓语动词, 本句中的时间状语this time next week是将来进行时的时间标志词,故填will be enjoying。

【典例2】The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody _______ (see) them since.

解析:has seen。根据句意可知自从2012年这些文件开始不见的,到现在为止没有人看见。 since经常和现在完成时连用,再根据与nobody的主谓一致关系,可知应填has seen。

2. 主从句时态呼应

如果所填空格的句子是含有状语从句或宾语从句的主从复合句,可根据主从句时态呼应的原则填上正确的时态。

根据主从句时态呼应原则解题时,要把握好以下几点:

(1)在时间、条件等状语从句中,用一般现在时表示一般将来时,用一般过去时表示过去将来时,用现在完成时表示将来完成时。

(2)正确认定主句动词及从句动词两个动作发生的先后时间,并认真体会命题者所给出的语境。

(3)解答宾语从句与主句时态呼应题时,考生应熟知以下规则:主句动词为现在时,则从句动词可根据需要使用任何时态;主句动词为过去时,则从句动词须用恰当的过去的某种时态(表示客观真理时使用一般现在时)。

【典例】The moment I got home, I found I_______ (leave) my jacket on the playground.

解析:had left。由于主句的动词使用了一般过去时,且宾语从句的动作发生在主句动作之前,故应用过去完成时。

3. 注意固定搭配

英语中有很多固定搭配或特殊句式,使用的动词时态非常固定。如果句子构成某种固定搭配或特殊句式,则根据规则使用相应的时态。

【典例1】This is the first time we _______(see) a film in the cinema together as a family.

解析:have seen。This is the first / second /last...time (that)... 是固定结构,后面的从句中应使用现在完成时。如果把is改为was,则后面的从句中应使用过去完成时。

【典例2】— How can I apply for an online course?

—Just fill out this form and we _______(see) what we can do for you.

解析:will see。“祈使句(或名词词组)+ and(或or)简单句”是并列句的一种固定句式,and (或or)后的简单句通常用一般将来时。

4. 细心体会语境

近年来高考试题对时态语态考查的要求越来越高,设题趋向于不出现时间状语,而向情境化、实际化的方向发展。因此,细心体会所给语境,根据具体语境选择合适的时态是考生需要重点解决的问题。

【典例】Would you please keep silent? The weather report _______(broadcast)and I want to listen.

解析:is being broadcast / will be broadcast。 由“I want to listen.”可知,说话时天气预报正在播报或将要播报,应使用进行时或将来时,且表示被动含义,故填is being broadcast /will be broadcast。

5. 被动优先原则

当括号中所给动词与其主语是被动意义时,应使用被动语态。

【典例】Experiments of this kind _______(conduct) in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.

解析:had been conducted。主语experiments与conduct构成动宾关系,谓语应使用被动语态。the Second World War表示过去的时间点, before the Second World War表示过去的过去这一时间点,故填过去完成时的被动语态。

三、强化训练

(一)完成句子。用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1.“Is Tom still smoking?”“No. By next Saturday he _______ (go) for a whole month without smoking a single cigarette.”

2.“Jim, have you finished reading Harry Potter and Half- Blood Prince ?”“No. I _______(help) my father on the farm all day yesterday.”

3.“I wonder how long you _______ (stay) in Hawaii?”“Just for the weekend, then I had to attend a conference in Los Angels.”

4. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _______ (persuade)to eat more fruits and vegetables.

5. This is the third time I _______ (visit)Hong Kong. The second time I _______ (come)here was on Christmas Day last year.

6. My money _______ (run) out. I'd better go to the bank to draw some of my savings in case I have none in hand.

7.“What's the weather like tomorrow, John?” “Well, I _______ (miss) it, for the scenic pictures drew my attention as the weather forecast was going on.”

8. She was surprised to find the fridge empty;the child _______ (eat) everything!

9. I _______ (want) to help you but I was not able to spare any time. I _______ (write) a paper last night and I'll have to finish it today.

10. In the near future, more advances in the robot technology _______ (make) by scientists.

11. The president _______ (give) a cool re-ception when he visited London.

12. I’m tired out. I _______ (shop) all afternoon and I don't seem to have finished anything.

13. This coastal area _______(name) a national wildlife reserve last year.

14. I walked slowly through the market,where people _______ (sell) all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.

15. On her next birthday, Ann _______ (be)married for twenty years.

16. I'll come after the meeting if time_______ (permit).

17. The students _______ (give) ￡50 a year to cover the cost of books and stationery.

18. The new play _______ (show) in theatre now. Why don't you go in and see it?

19.“How about the dishes, Dear?”“The beef didn't taste very good. It _______ (cook) too long.”

20. He kept a little notebook, in which_______ (write) the names and addresses of his friends.

(二)短文填空。阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

A

The following words were written on the tomb of an Anglican Bishop( 主教 ) in the Crypts of Westminster Abbey:

When I was young and free and my1(imagine) had no limits, I dreamed of changing the world.2I grew older and wiser, I discovered the world would not change, so I3(short) my sights somewhat and decided to change only my country. But4, too, seemed immovable.

As I grew5my twilight years ( 晚年 ), in one last desperate attempt, I settled for changing only my family, those6(close) to me,7alas, they would have 8 of it.

And now as I lie on my deathbed, I suddenly realize: If I had only changed myself first, then by example I9(change) my family.

From their inspiration and encouragement, I would then have been able10(better) my country and, who knows, I may have even changed the world.

B

I remember my first Christmas adventure with Grandma. I remember tearing across town1my bike to visit her on the day my big sister dropped the bomb. “ There is no Santa Claus. ” she laughed. “ Even dummies( 傻瓜 ) know that! ” I2(flee) to Grandma3I knew she would be straight with me. She always told the truth.

“ No Santa Claus? ” she said. “ Ridiculous! Don't believe4. Put on your coat, and let's go. ”

“ Go where, Grandma? ” I asked.

As we walked through the doors of the general store Grandma handed me ten dollars and said, “ Buy something for someone5needs it. I'll wait for you in the car. ”

I was only eight years old. Never had I shopped for anything all by myself. For a few moments I just stood there,6(wonder) what to buy, and who7(buy) it for. I thought of everybody I knew. Then I thought about Bobbie Decker.

He was my classmate with bad breath and8(mess) hair, and he sat right behind me. He didn't have a coat. I knew that because he never went out to play games during the winter. I held9bill with growing10(excite). I would buy Bobbie a coat.

参考答案与解析:

(一)完成句子

1. will have gone 。由时间状语by next Saturday可知应使用将来完成时。

2. was helping 。时间状语all day yesterday表示过去一段时间内持续进行且未完成的动作,故应使用过去进行时。

3. stayed 。由下文had to可知,待在夏威夷是过去的事情,故使用一般过去时。

4. are persuaded 。根据主从句时态呼应原则,条件状语从句中应使用一般现在时。再根据语态优先原则,结合句意,应使用一般现在时的被动语态。

5. have visited; came 。“ This is the third time... ”后面的句子中谓语动词应使用现在完成时;第二空后有一般过去时的时间状语last year ,故填一般过去时。

6. is running 。由下一句可知钱还没有完全用光,表示“快要用光了”可使用现在进行时表示将来。

7. missed 。由语境可知,错过天气预报发生在过去,故应填missed 。

8. had eaten 。“吃光”这个动作发生在“发现”之前,前一句交代的是过去的时间,因此本空表示“过去的过去”,故填过去完成时。

9. had wanted; was writing 。 had wanted / meant / thought... 意为“(过去)本来想要 / 打算干某事但未做成”;第二空由后面的“我将今天完成”可知昨晚正在写论文,还未写完,故使用过去进行时。

10. will be made 。 in the near future表明了将来的时间, more advances与make存在逻辑上的被动关系,故填will be made 。

11. was given 。由句意可 知应使用 被动语态,另外从句时态暗示主句应使用一般过去时。

12. have been shopping 。由语境可判断出该行为延续了一整个下午,并且可能还会持续下去,故用现在完成进行时。

13. was named 。主语This coastal area与动词name之间是被动关系;再根据句中的时间状语last year判断,应使用一般过去时的被动语态。

14. were selling 。根据“ I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed ”的提示可判断此处表示“人们当时正在出售各种水果和蔬菜”,即表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作,故用过去进行时。

15. will have been 。 her next birthday是将来的时间, for twenty years是完成时的时间段。将来完成时表示持续到将来某时的动作或状态, 故填will have been 。

16. permits 。 permit为不及物动词,不用被动语态。另外,条件状语从句if time permits也可换成独立主格形式time permitting 。

17. are given 。谓语为give sb. sth. 结构的被动语态形式。

18. is being shown 。新剧应该是“被放映”, 故应使用被动语态;再根据时间状语now可知应使用现在进行时的被动语态。

19. had been cooked 。从句意上看,“牛肉” 应该是“被”煮,故句子要用被动语态;从时间上看,由于句中有didnt taste very good ,所以 “煮得太久”应该在这一过去时间之前,故用过去完成时。

20. were written 。这是一个倒装句式,其正常表达为“ the names and addresses of his friends were written in the notebook ”。

(二)短文填空

A

1 . imagination 。在形容词性物主代词后要用名词形式。

2 . As 。表示“随着”,应用as引导时间状语从句。

3 . shortened 。此处作谓语要用动词形式, 由上下文可知,应用一般过去时。

4 . it 。替代前文 中的to change only my country 。

5 . into 。表示“长大成为”用grow into 。

6 . closest 。“家人”是“最亲近的人”。

7 . but 。前后是转折关系。

8 . none 。 have none of ( = refuse to accept) 意为“不接受,不理睬”。

9 . would have changed 。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。

10 . to better 。 be able to do为固定搭配。

B

1. on 。 on one's / the / a bike = by bike 。

2. fled 。结合全文可知此处应使用一般过去时,注意其不规则的形式。

3. because / as 。因为相信奶奶会对我说真话,所以立刻跑到她那儿去求证。

4. it / that 。指代“ There is no Santa Claus. ”。

5. who / that 。分析句子结构可知,此处为who / that引导的定语从句修饰someone 。

6. wondering 。根据前面 的逗号 ,可知应该使用动词的ing形式作伴随状语,表示主动含义。

7. to buy 。与what to buy构成并列 平行结构。

8. messy 。修饰名词hair当然用形 容词messy 。

9. the 。特指上文奶奶给的ten dollars 。

篇4：动词时态和语态解析技巧

所谓标志词，即指在使用不同时态时常用的一些特定时间状语。识别了特定时态的特定时间状语，对于动词时态和语态的高考选择题的学习，将是事倍功半的。

例1 （2015四川卷） More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.

A. are being built B. will be built

C. have been built D. had been built

解析 B。标志词为soon。根据时间状语soon可知，考査将来时。句意：四川将建设更多的高速公路以促进当地的经济发展。

例2 （2015安徽卷） It is reported that a space station on the moon in years to come.

A. will be building B. will be built

C. has been building D. has been built

解析 B。标志词为in years。根据in years to come可知用将来时，space station和build是动宾关系，空间站是被建造的，应该使用被动语态。句意：据报道，人们在未来的几年里将在月球上建一个空间站。

例3 （2015天津卷） Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she a class at that time.

A. will teach B. would teach

C. has taught D. will be teaching

解析 D。标志词为at that time，即at 3 o’clock this afternoon。表示在将来的某一时刻正在做某事，故用将来进行时。句意：简不能参加今天下午三点钟的会议，因为她那个时候在给学生上课。

例4 （2015天津卷） Despite the previous rounds of talks， no agreement so far by the two sides.

A. has been reached B. was reached

C. will reach D. will have reached

解析 A。标志词为so far。根据句中的时间状语so far“到目前为止”可知用现在完成时。主语agreement与reach为被动关系。句意：尽管之前经过多轮谈判，但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。

例5 （2015北京卷） In the last few years， China great achievements in environmental protection.

A. has made B. had made

C. was making D is making

解析 A。标志词为In the last few years。由时间状语in the last few years 可推知动作从过去一段时间持续到现在并对现在造成影响，用现在完成时。句意：在过去的这些年里，中国在环境保护方面取得了很大的成就。

[主从时态须呼应]

主从时态呼应即指，如果题干是主从复合句，可根据主从句时态呼应的原则选择相应的时态。

例6 （2015北京卷） —Did you enjoy the party？

—Yes， we by our hosts.

A. were treated B. would be treated

C. treated D. had treated

解析 A。句意：—你喜欢这个聚会吗？—是的，我们得到了主人款待。根据上一句中的did可知用一般过去时；且we和treated是动宾关系，用被动语态。所以空中应用一般过去时的被动语态。

例7 （2015湖南卷） I wasn’t able to hide my eagerness when I ， “What do you wish me to do now？”

A. ask B. have asked

C. am asking D. asked

解析 D。句意：当我问道，“你希望我现在做些什么？”的时候，我无法隐藏我的渴望。一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。此题主句的时态为一般过去时，表示这个事情和动作发生在过去，故从句时态也要用一般过去时。

例8 （2015安徽卷） Just as I got to the school gate， I realized I my bank in the cafe.

A. have left B. had left

C would leave D. was leaving

解析 B。句意：当我刚刚走到学校大门口时，我就意识到把银行卡忘在餐馆了。realized后省略了that，这里是一个宾语从句，从句时态与主句保持一致，“落下”的动作发生在“意识到”之前，应该用过去完成时。

例9 （2015湖南卷） As you go through this book， you that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience.

nlc202309090041

A. will find B. found

C. had found D. have found

解析 A。句意：当你通读这本书时，你将会发现成千上万经历过二战的每个人都有不同的经历。根据句意，判断主语的时态为一般将来时。一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。在时态为一般将来时的句子中，有时有表示将来时间的状语，有时没有时间状语，这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。

[语境体会有诀窍]

很多高考试题都趋向于情景化，注重上下文的理解。因此只有仔细体会语境才是解题的诀窍。

例10 （2015北京卷） —Did you have difficulty finding Ann’ house？

—Not really. She us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.

A. was to give B. had given

C. was giving D. would give

解析 B。句意：—你觉得找到安娜家的位置困难么？ —不会。她告诉了我们清晰的方位，然后我们很容易就找到了。根据题干可知，安娜“给我们很清晰的方位”发生在“我们找到她家之前”，因此，发生在过去动作之前的动作要用过去完成时。

例11 （2015重庆卷） —Is Peter coming？

—No， he his mind after a phone call at the last minute.

A. changes B. changed

C. was changing D. had changed

解析 B。句意：—彼得来了吗？—没有，最后一刻接到一个电话后他改变主意了。根据语境可知发生在过去，故用一般过时态。

例12 （2015北京卷）—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.

— All right. I him later.

A. will call B. have called

C. call D will be calling

解析 A。句意：—Dr. Jackson现在不在办公室。—好的，我待会再打给他。由later可知，表示将来要执行的动作，用一般将来时。

[练习]

1. To my delight， I from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.

A. was chosen B. was being chosen

C. would choose D. had chosen

2. —Where is Peter？ I can’t find him anywhere.

—He went to the library after breakfast and

his essay there ever since.

A. wrote B. had written

C. has been writing D. is writing

3. He must have sensed that I him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly， “Why are you staring at me like that？”

A. would look at B. looked at

C. was looking at D. am looking at

4. I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy， but thankfully by the shop window.

A. am held back B. held back

C. hold back D. was held back

5. That is why I help brighten people’s days. If you ， who’s to say that another person will？

A. did not B. do not

C. were not D. have not

6. The real reason why prices ， and still are， too high is complex， and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.

A. were B. will be

C. have been D. had been

7. At college， Barack Obama didn’t know that he the first black president of the United States of America.

A. was to become B. becomes

C. is to become D. became

8. Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child， few people guessed that he a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.

A. has been B. had been

C. was going to be D. was

9. Marty really hard on his book and he thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.

A. worked B. has been working

C. had worked D. has worked

10. In my hometown， there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat cut.

A. will have been B. will be

C. was D. has been

[参考答案]

1～5. ACCDB 6～10. AACBD

篇5：临床执业医师历年真题与解析

A.慢性甲亢性肌病

B.周期性瘫痪

C.周围神经炎

D.重症肌无力

E.癔症

2.[单选题]男，70岁。发现大量蛋白尿2周入院。入院后查本周蛋白尿阳性。为明确诊断，检查意义最大的是：

A.肾活检

B.骨髓穿刺

C.核素骨扫描

D.全身X线骨摄片

E.血清蛋白电泳

3.[单选题]男，15岁。上感后2周出现肉眼血尿，BP150/95mmHg，临床诊断为急性肾小球肾炎，控制血压应先选：

A.血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂

B.血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻断剂

C.钙离子阻断剂

D.β受体阻断剂

E.利尿剂

4.[单选题]男，28岁。少尿、水肿1月余，7岁时曾发现尿蛋白阳性。血压180/120mmHg，尿蛋白(-)，红细胞5～10/HP，白细胞3～5/HP，BUN30mmol/L，血肌酐860nmol/L，血红蛋白65g/L。初步诊断为：

A.急性肾小球肾炎

B.慢性肾小球肾炎，肾功能不全

C.肾病综合征

D.慢性肾盂肾炎，肾功能不全