法语语法：命令式时态及语态

法语语法：命令式时态及语态（精选5篇）

篇1：法语语法：命令式时态及语态

六.时态和语态

I.单句语法填空

1.More efforts, as reported, __________________(make)in the years ahead to accelerate the supply side structure reform(2016高考江苏卷）

2.Jack __________________(work)in the lab when the power cut occurred.(2016高考北京卷）

3.Dashan, who ___________________(learn)crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.(2016高考江苏卷）

4.I _________________(read)half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.(2016高考北京卷）

5.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _______________________(reward)with success in the end.(2016高考北京卷）6.Silk _____________________(become)one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.(2016年高考浙江卷）

7.Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday, for it ________________(pass)and is beyond our control.8.--I am really struck by your spoken English.You speak so fluently.Have you been abroad?

--Yes.I ______________(stay)in London for two years.9.--Do you think I’m a good surfer?

--Of course!I ________________(watch)you earlier.You made it look so easy, graceful even.10.Around two o’clock every night, Jill will start talking in her dream.It somewhat _______________(bother)us.II.单句改错

1.He was hoping to go abroad but his parents decided that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.2.The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people be persuaded to eat more fruit and vegetables.3.I was staying with my uncle and aunt because my parents have gone abroad for a holiday.4.According to the art dealer, the painting is expecting to go for at least a million dollars.5.The high standard of the nation’s literature and art has been attracted widespread attention.6.It was ten years since we have had such a wonderful time.7.Last summer I take a part-time job in the International Camp for children.8.I’ll send my friend Li Dong to meet you at the airport when you arrived.9.It has been two weeks since we graduate from middle school.10.Action should taken to protect our environment.参考答案：

I.1.will be made

2.was working

3.has been learning

4.have read

5.will be rewarded

6.had become

7.has passed

8.stayed

9.was watching bothers

II.1.decided 前加have

2.be----are

3.was--am

4.expecting---expected

5.去掉been

6.have----had

7.take---took

8.arrived---arrive

9.graduate---graduated

10.should 和taken 中间加be

篇2：法语语法：命令式时态及语态

一般现在时(经常、习惯、真理格言、时刻表、主将从现)

do / does am / is / are done

常搭配的时间状语：always, often, usually, sometimes, at times, on Saturdays, every day, once a month, frequently, every+基数词+可数名词复数(每隔)

翻译：

1.就像老话说的那样，失败是成功之母。

As the saying goes, failure is the mother of success.

2.我们每两周回家一次。

We go home every other week.

3.他每天早上5：30起床，晚上10：00上床睡觉。

He gets up at 5：30 every morning and go to bed at 10：00 every night.

4.作业每天都做。(用被动语态)

Homework is done everyday.

5.我们家附近有一家医院，这对我们很必要。

There is a hospital nearby which is necessary for us.

6.我的航班于上午10点钟起飞。

My flight takes off at 10:00 AM.

7.如果你尽力的话你会成功的。

Youll succeed if you try your best.

8.他一来我就告诉他这件事。

Ill tell him about it as soon as he comes.

补充：want, hope, plan, expect, intend, mean, suppose, think本身一般现在时后接不定式表示将来的含义

9.我打算上一所重点大学。

I expect to go to a key university.

做题法宝：一看主语定单复数、定语态，二看状语或其他句子中的动词定时态

一.一般过去式

did was/were done

常搭配的时间状语：yesterday, last week/month, ago, in the past, in 1980, in the 1980s, the day before yesterday, the other day(不久前的一天), at that time, later that day, once upon a time,

翻译：

1.我小学上了五年。

I studied at the primary school for five years.

2.我半年前加入了这个俱乐部。

I joined the club half a year ago.

3.自从他加入到这个俱乐部已经半年了。

It has been half a year since I joined the club.

4..他在拐角处停下把空瓶子扔进了垃圾箱。

He stopped at the corner and dropped the empty bottle into the dustbin.

5.从1952年到1959年他在部队当了7年兵。

He served in the army from 1952 to 1959 for seven years.

6.中国不再是它过去的样子了。

China is no longer what it used to be.

7.过去，他写了五部小说。

Five novels were written by him in the past.

8.是时候努力学习了。

Its high time that you worked hard.

9.如果我是你的话，我会更努力学习Englishtec。

If I were you, I would work harder.

三、现在完成时(动作始于过去，持续到现在，并可能继续下去)

has / have done has / have been done

常搭配的时间状语：lately, recently, in/over/during the past/last few days, these days, so far, by now, up to now, till now,

1.这是到这个学校以来，我出席的最重要的讲座。

It is the most important lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.

2.到目前为止，Tom已经学了个英语单词了。

So far, Tom has learned 2000 English words.

3.她教英语有了。

She has taught English for 20 years.

4.你去过伦敦吗?

Have you ever been to London?

5. So far, progress _____has been______ (be) very good and we are sure that the work________will be finished________

(finish) on time.

6.I ____havent found________(find) the book till now.

---Dont worry. You may have left it at home.

7.His first novel _____has received________(receive) good reviews since it___came out_____(出版、发行) last month.

8.In the past few years thousands of films ___have been produced_________(produce) all over the world.

四、过去完成时

had done had been done

常搭配的时间状语: by then, until then,by that time, before 2000, by the end of last month, by the time he was ten,

过去完成时的用法：

1.过去的过去;到过去某个时间为止的动作

2.hardly/scarely(过完) when(一般过去)

no sooner(过完) than(一般过去) 表示刚就

3.It/This/That was + the 序数词 time + that (过完) 那是第几次做

4.hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose等用于过去完成时时表示未实现的希望、打算或意图，意为原本

1.他说他在国外呆了3年了。

He said he had been abroad for 3 years.

2.在我回家之前他已经离开了。

He had left before I got home.

3.到上个学期末，我已经学了3000歌单词。

By the end of last term, I had learnt 3000 words.

4.比赛刚刚开始就开始下雨了。

Hardly had the game began when it started to rain.

5.那是他第三次犯同一个错误了。

It was the third time that he had made the same mistake.

6.我本想帮你的，但当时太忙了。

I had intended to help you, but I was too busy.

五、现在进行时

am/is/are doing am/is/are being done

现在进行时的用法：

1.说话时或者现阶段正在进行的动作;

2.某些短暂性动词如come/go/start/ open /close/arrive/return/begin/leave用于进行时表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作;

3.与always / continually/ constantly/forever/all the time 连用表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，含有厌恶、赞赏、遗憾等情绪

1.我们的朋友现在正在外边等我们呢。

Our friends are waiting for us outside.

2.她现在正在大学学英语。

She is studying English in college.

3.我爸妈这周六要来看我。

My parents are coming to see my this Statuary.

4.他总是先想到其他人。

He is always thinking of others first.

5.教学楼正在被建。

The building is being built now.

六、过去进行时

was/were doing was/were being done

常用时间状语：at this/that time + 过去时间;atoclock + 过去时间;fromto+过去时间; those days; just now; last night

1.昨天晚上9点钟你在干什么呢?

What were you doing at nine last night?

2.那个男孩子正在写作业的时候突然他爸爸进来了。

The boy was doing his homework when his father came in.

七、一般将来时

will do will be done

1.老师一来，我们就开始上课。

We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.

2.Sorry, I forgot to buy the book you need.

It doesnt matter. I __will____ go myself.

3.Look at the clouds. It __is going to___________ rain.

4. They are to be married in this May. (按计划安排要发生的动作,非个人能随意改变)

5. 你妈回来之前你不要出去。(要求或命令他人做某事)

You are to stay home until your mother comes back.

6. He is to succeed. (注定)

7. The Queen ____is to_______visitJapanin a weeks time.

8. The train ___is about to leave_______ (leave).火车马上就要离开。

八、过去将来时

would do would be done

表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，有过去时间或动作作参照。Was/were about to do .when该句型很少与表示将来的具体时间状语连用，但可以和when引导的状语连用。

1.他说他会在车站等我们。

He said he would wait for us at the bus stop.

2.我正准备出门的时候我的一位老朋友来了。

I was to about to go out when one of my old friends came.

九、将来进行时

will be + doing will be being done

表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。

明天这会我正在写作业。

Ill be doing my homework this time tomorrow.

十、将来完成时

will have +done will have been done

表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。

常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 o‘clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time, before或when等引导的副词从句。

到下个月底，他就已经学了3000个单词了。

By the end of next month, he will have learnt 3000 words.

高考英语语法非谓语学习指导

1.语法单句填空

引入范例：

动词 ing(现在分词)

*More highways have been built in China，____ (make) it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.

答案 making

动词 ed分词(过去分词)

*Recently the father has found his son increasingly ___ attracted ___ to the Internet games.

句意：最近那位父亲发现他的儿子越来越沉溺于网络游戏。宾语his son与attract为逻

辑上的被动关系。

动词 to do(不定式)

Group activities will be organized after class (help) children develop team spirit.(重庆，11)

答案 to help

解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：将在课后组织各种团体活动以帮助儿童培养团队精神。培养团队精神是组织课外团体活动的目的。英语中表示目的时应当使用动词不定式。

其他情况

The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.(四川，10)

答案 to be completed

(spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong，Linda appears more mature than those of her age.(2014福建，27)

答案 Having spent

解析 考查非谓语动词。花费和其逻辑主语Linda之间是主动关系，故用现在分词;且动作发生在谓语动作之前，用现在分词的完成式

1.Time, used (use) correctly, is money in the bank. (湖南)

2.Having spent (spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.(14福建)

3.Having been shown (show) around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the Olympic Games.(08陕西)

4.Standing(stand) in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad. (2012陕西)

5. Tired (tire) and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.(09浙江)

6.The next thing he saw was smoke rising (rise) from behind the house. (全国I)

7. George returned after the war, only to be told (tell) that his wife had left him.(2012山东)

8.The lecture having been given (give), a lively question-and-answer session followed.(2014江苏)

9.To free (free) ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness. (2014湖南)

10.Absorbed (absorb) in the book she was reading, Mary didnt notice me approaching.

11.Children, whenaccompanied (accompany)by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.(2014湖南)

12.Though surprised (surprise)to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.(全国Ⅱ卷)

13.Though lacking (lack)money, his parents managed to send him to university.

14.While crossing (cross) the street, you cant be too careful.

15.When completed ( complete), the museum will be open to the public next year.

16. The witnesses questioned (question) by the police just now gave very different deions of the fight. (2013陕西)

17.His first book to be published (publish) next month is based on a true story.(2010陕西)

18.Volunteering gives you a chance to change (change)lives, including your own.(2013北京)

19.Prices of daily goods bought (buy) through a computer can be lower than prices in stores. (全国春)

20.There is a note pinned to the door saying (say)when the shop will open again. (2014山东)

21.With the governments aid, those affected (affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. (上海)

22.Ladies and gentlemen, please remain seated (seat) until the plane has come to a complete stop. (2009四川)

23. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had hadrepaired (repair) went wrong again. (上海)

24.Tom was explaining to us and he was trying to make himself understood(understand).

25.With many brightly colored flowersplanted (plant) around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden.

26.Lost (lose) in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. (05江苏)

27.As the old saying goes, friendship is like money easier made than kept (keep).

28.When she was on his way back home, she had her wallet stolen (steal) yesterday.

29.Caught (catch) in the heavy rain, he was all wet.

30.Given (give) more time, we could do it much better.

31.Dressed (dress)in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.

32.Lost (lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.

33.Driven (drive)by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.

34.Seen (see) from the top of hill, the town looks more beautiful.

35.When they got there, the girl was found beaten ( beat) black and blue.

36.The club, founded (found) 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.

37.I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good to breathe(breathe).

38.I am not accustomed tobeing treated ( treat) like this.

39. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already laid (lay) for a meal to be cooked

41. Film has a much shorter history, especially when compared ( compare) to such art forms as music and painting.

2.语法单句改错

1.It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute shes outside.(辽understand

2.He wantedteach me about animals, insects and trees.(2014 陕西)toteach

3.She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs.(2013新课标全国)

hold

4. She never seemedcare what the rest of us thought about her. to care

5.It was a lesson to us that it was possible give without expecting anything in return.

give

6.A very much famous writer agreed to reading my story and give me some advice.

read

7.One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, had our barbecue.(2014 陕西)having

8.Felt hungry, we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.(2013陕西)

Feeling

9.Follow this explanation, there was a rapid drop in the number of reported sightings.(2011辽宁)Following

10.Third, we should find ways to reuse the water using in washing.(2012大纲全国II)used

11.I also shared with my friends many photos taking in Beijing.(2012陕西)taken

12.The assistant was clearly as embarrassing as my sister. embarrassed

13.Im pleasing to hear it, said his boss, but where were you yesterday?pleased

14.After think for some time, I let her copy my answers.(四川)thinking

15.He isnt good at talk but he gets on well with other people. (2013新课标)

talking

16.Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night. (20新课标Ⅱ)Having

17.Thank you so much for not only giving me life, but also teach me how to be a good person. (2012四川) teaching

18.I soon got used to live without my parents around.(2011重庆)living

19.The foreigner tried his best to make his pointbe understood.划去be

20.They found a piece of rope with one end tying in a circle.tied

21. Mark got his hands to burnt in the accident.划去to

22. What kept you so exciting? excited

23.You should speak loudly enough to make yourself hear. heard

24.I noticed the traffic holding up after a bad accident. held

25.She denied there be any misunderstanding between them.being

26. There were so many people in the street watch the fire that firefighters couldnt get close to the building .watching

篇3：法语语法：命令式时态及语态

关键词：英语 法语 相似 辅助作用

中图分类号：G4 文献标识码：A文章编号：1674-098X（2014）03（c）-0233-01

英语与法语有着千丝万缕的联系。由于英法两国在地理位置上比较接近，在历史上相互交流的机会也非常多，加之这两种语言均属印欧语系，所以在两国语言的发展过程中，不可避免得相互影响，相互借鉴。对于法语专业的学生来说，他们一般都是零起点开始学习法语。在学习法语之前，他们接触到的外语多是英语。所以利用英法语之间的联系及相似性，以英语来辅助法语的学习，无疑会是一种有效的学习手段。

1 英语在时态，语态和语式上对法语学习的辅助作用

无论在英语的学习中还是法语的学习中，动词时态，语态及语式都是学习的重难点。在汉语中，动词几乎没有形式上的變化，而法语动词要随着人称，时态，语式等的变化而变化，即动词变位。法语的动词变位历来是学生初学法语时最难适应的一关。对英语基础好的学生来说，在学习动词变位时就较快，这是因为他们在学习英语的过程中建立了人称，时态，语态。语式等概念，适应了外语学习中动词的变化。以下分别就动词的时态，语态和语式来说明英法语学习中的联系及如何利用英语优势辅助法语的学习。

1.1 时态

与英语一样，法语中也分为过去，现在，将来三大时态范畴。对比一下英法语这三大时态范畴中常用的时态，就可以发现这两种语言在时态上有极为相似的用法。

现在时态范畴中，法语中的直陈式现在时可对应英语中的一般现在时及现在进行时。在表示经常性，习惯性动作及普遍真理时，直陈式现在时与英语中一般现在时用法无异；在表示说话时正发生的动作时，与现在进行时相同。

法语中表示过去的常用时态有复合过去时，未完成过去时，愈过去时等。其中复合过去时与英语中现在完成时用法相似，表示在一个确定的时间内已完成的动作。未完成过去时在表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作或对状态背景的描述时，与英语中过去进行时用法相同；而在表示过去重复性，习惯性发生的动作时，就与英语中一般过去时的用法类似了。愈过去时与英语中的过去完成时一样，都用于描述一个过去的动作之前已发生的动作，即表示“过去的过去”这一概念。此外，法语中的过去将来时与英语中的过去将来时相同，都表示站在过去的时间点上看将来，多用于时态配合时使用。

在将来这一时态范畴中，法语中常用的时态简单将来时与英语中的一般将来时一样，都表示将来会发生的动作或状态。先将来时与英语中的将来完成时相同，都表示在一个将来发生的动作之前已发生或完成的动作。一般情况下用于时态配合，即法语中先将来时与一般将来时配合使用，英语中将来完成时与一般将来时配合使用。

从以上比较可以看出，教师在教授法语时态时，如果同英语对比学习，会使学生触类旁通。不仅能更准确的使用法语时态，还能对法语的时态特征及语体概念有更为深刻的认识。

1.2 语态

英法语中都有主动语态及被动语态之分。除了法语中过去分词需要与主语进行性数配合以外，法语中的被动语态与英语中的被动语态几乎再无差别。两种语言中，被动语态的构成均为受动者为主语，其后再加入系动词和过去分词构成，施动者补语均由介词引出：法语中是par或de，英语中是by或of。此外，在所表达的语法意义上，英法两种语言也没有差别，都表示“被...”这一概念。

可以看出，在法语学习中引入英语被动语态的概念，无论是在这一语法点的理解上还是应用上，都是非常有帮助的，可以使学生极为容易地掌握这一语法。

1.3 语式

语式是学生较难掌握的语法点，这是因为较之英语，法语对语式上的划分更为具体，用法即与英语有相似之处又有所差别。法语有六种语式，分别为直陈式，条件式，虚拟式，命令式，不定式及分词式。其中，不定式和分词式可与英语中的不定式和分词对应联系起来，较为容易理解和掌握。而其他四种分别与英语中的陈述式，虚拟式及祈使式相对应。具体比较一下，就可以看出它们的联系与区别。

法语中的直陈式和英语中的陈述式都用于叙述事实，并对此提出疑问或加以否定。在使用语气上几乎没用差别。

法语中的命令式虽然与英语中的祈使式一样都表示命令，请求等语气，但较之英语语气更为生硬，多用于表达上位者（如父母，师长，领导等）对下位者（如子女，学生，下属等）的要求。如需表达更为委婉的请求或建议，则需使用条件式。

法语条件式的使用比其它语式要复杂一些。它单独使用表达建议或请求时，可与英语中的祈使式或虚拟式相对应。但在从句中使用时，情况就需加以分析了：法语条件式现在时表示与现在事实相反的情况或将来可能实现的动作时，相当于英语的虚拟式现在时。而且不仅语法概念相同，句子结构也颇为相似。法语动词用连词“si”引导，动词时态用未完成过去时，主句用条件式现在时。英语从句用连词“if”引导，动词时态用一般过去时，主句使用虚拟语气。法语条件式过去时用于表达过去某种条件下可能实现可实际上未能实现的动作，相当于英语中表达过去情况的虚拟条件句。

英法语中的虚拟式在语法作用上是相同的，都表示一种主观态度，意愿，感觉，判断等。只不过较之英语，法语中虚拟式的用法更为单一。

通过以上对英法语语式的分析可知，英法语中直陈式及命令式的用法差别不大，法语的虚拟式不等于英语的虚拟式，实际上英语的虚拟式兼容了法语条件式和虚拟式的某些用法，所以在指导学生学习法语语式时，应强调英法语之间的异同，提醒学生注意区分。

2 结语

由于英法语相互影响大，共通之处多，所以在教授较难掌握的语法知识时，引导学生利用已有的英语知识辅助法语学习，是省时省力行之有效的学习手段。但由于英法语在时态，语态，语式上不止有联系，同样也有区别，所以如果想要达到理想的教学效果，避免混淆，就需要教师利用扎实的英法语语言基础和语言能力，就其异同点进行分析比较，并搭建其中的联系，从而使学生更为深入地理解所学知识，有效利用已掌握的英语知识辅助法语学习。

参考文献

[1]孙辉.简明法语教程[M].北京，商务印书馆，2006.

[2]陈振尧.新编法语语法[M].北京，外语教学与研究出版社，2002.

[3]薄冰.薄冰：英语语法[M].北京，开明出版社，2007.

篇4：高一英语语法动词的时态语态

1、will/shalldo

(1)表示将来会出现的动作或状态。常用的时间状语：thisevening,tomorrow,nextweek/month…,attheendofthisterm,inafewminutes等。

(2)表示将来经常发生的动作。

(3)表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势、倾向。

(4)表示说话过程中做出某种决定。

注意：条件状语从句中的will表示“决心，意愿”，此时will是情态动词表示意愿。

2、begoingtodo

(1)表示已经决定或安排要做的事。

(2)表示根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来将要发生的事。

3、betodo

(1)表示约定、计划或按职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。

(2)表示说话人的意志、意图、职责、义务、命令。

(3)表示注定要发生的事情。

4、beabouttodo

(1)表示即将发生的动作，意为“正要，即将”。

(2)不可与表示具体的将来时间的副词或副词性短语连用，但可以同由as或when引导的时间状语从句连用。

篇5：法语语法：命令式时态及语态

1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等。

2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。如：

I´ll go there after I finish my work./ If it rains tomorrow,I won´t go there.3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。例如：There goes the bell.铃响了。There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。

二、现在进行时

1.表示正在进行的动作。

2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。例如：She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。

He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。例如：The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。

4.大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。常见的有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong to ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget，believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。

三、现在完成时

1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。例如：I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for„”, “since„”表述的一段时间状语连用。例如：He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：

1）用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果，而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态，和现在关系不大。例如：She has cleaned the room.It´s very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改为cleaned.一是因为cleaned与现状无关，二是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到It´s„这样的一般现在时。)

2）汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达，如：I have seen that film.（我看过那部电影了。）但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”，就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。例如：When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么时候看了那部电影？我昨天看的。)不能说：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday.4.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”.例如：

——Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room.——She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there.5.短暂动词（即瞬间动词），join, lose, buy, borrow, leave, go, come, arrive, die, marry, finish, complete, begin, start, break out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如不能说：He has finished the work for three hours.要翻译“他已完成工作三小时了。”可采用1）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2）“延续法”：He has been through(with)the work for three hours.3）“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.四、现在完成进行时

1.用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（或今后还要继续一去）的动作。例如：He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./ It has been raining for two days.2.凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时。五、一般过去时

表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。

六、过去进行时

1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）。例如：He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。例如：They were still working when I left.3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生。例如：I was writing while he was watching TV.4.表示过去将来动作。例如：He said she was arriving the next day.七、过去完成时

1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。例如：He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning.2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。例如：At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。例如：We had expected that you would be able to win the match.八、一般将来时

一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。有下列一些形式： 1.will/shall do（侧重将来行为，不突出计划安排去做某事）2.be going to do(主观上打算或客观上可能发生)

3.be doing(按计划将要发生，常和表示最近的将来时间连用)4.be about to do(按计划即将发生)

九、将来完成时

用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。常和by短语，when,before引起的时间状语连用。例如：We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.时态考点分析

1．——Can I join your club,dad?

——You can when you______a bit older.(NMET)

A.get B.will get C.are getting D.will have got 析：“You can”是将来意，when引导的时间状语从句要用一般现在时表将来所以此题答案为A.2．——Oh,it’s you!I______you.——I’ve just had my hair cut and I’m wearing new glasses.A.didn’t recognize B.hadn’t recognized C.haven’t recognized D.don’t recongnize

析：从“Oh,it’s you!”可知说话时已认出对方。“没有认出”是在此之前为过去情况，所以应选A.3.I don’t think Jim saw me;he______into space.(NMET)A.just stared B.was just staring C.has just stared D.had just stared

析：在空白处应选一个与“saw”相配，能解释Jim didn’t see me 这一原因的选项，只有着眼于A、B。若选A不能体观他“当时正在做”某事，故排除A而选B。这样因为“他正在望宇宙天空”所以“未看到我”。4.——______my glasses?

——Yes,I saw them on your bed a minute ago.(NMET)

A.Do you see B.Had you seen C.Would you see D.Have you seen 析：现在完成时可表过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果，问话人以这样的时态发问可作现焦急的心情。故答案为D。

5.You don’t need to describe her.I______her several times.(NMET)A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet 析：答案B。道理同4。

6.——Do you know our town at all?

——No,this is the first time I______here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am going 析：根据this/it is the first/second/„time sb.has done sth.句型，可定答案为B。又如：This is the second time he has visited the Great Wall.7.I don’t really work here.I______until the new secretary arrives.(NMET)A.just help out B.have just helped out C.am just helping out D.will just help out 析：根据I don´t really work here.以及„until the new secretary arrives,可知说话人所要做的事是计划安排行为，C、D两个选项都表将来动作，但D非计划安排，C则体现按计划去做，所以此题答案为C。8.——Is this raincoat yours?

——No, mine______ there behind the door.(NMET)A.is hanging B.has hung C.hangs D.hung

析：此题的“悬挂”是指现状而言，故表过去“挂”的B、D项可排除。C项虽指“现在挂”，但侧重在常规，习惯。为了突出“你所指的那件雨衣不是我的，我的正挂在门后”这一意思，选A是极为合情理的。

被动语态

一、被动语态的句型

1.常见句式是：主语（受动者）＋be＋过去分词＋（by＋施动者）

例如：He was scolded by the English teacher.2.主语＋get＋过去分词＋其它成分 例如：The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults.注意：使用这种结构不能带有“by＋施动者”

3.带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动句变为动句，其主语可以是直接宾语，也可以是间接宾语。例如：She lent me a bike.被动：1）I was lent a bike(by her).2）A bike was lent to me(by her).4.情态动词＋be＋过去分词

例如：This problem must be worked out in half an hour.5.双重被动式：主语＋被动式谓语＋不定式的被动式＋其它成分

例如；These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room./The murderer was ordered to be shot.二、主动表示被动的几种情况

1.不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。例如：This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。These books sell well.这些书好卖。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。Meat won´t keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。

2.一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。例如：The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news proved/turned out true./Cotton feels soft.注：prove也可用于被动式，如：His answer(was)proved right.3.不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系。常见形容词有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。例如：The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impossible to complete in a year.比较：The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered.没有形容词时，虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系，但必须用被动式。

三、容易误用被动语态的几种情况：

1.I teach myself French.不可变为Myself is taught French.因为反身代词不可作主语。

2.We help each other/one another.不可变为Each other/One another is helped by us.因为相互代词不可作主语。

3.He lost heart.不可变为Heart was lost by him.因为象lose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式，不能用被动式。

4.She took part in the sports meet.不能变为The sports meet was taken part in by her.因为象take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表状态动词没有被动语态。

被动语态考点分析

1.I need one more stamp before my collection______.(NMET)

A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed

析：complete是及物动词，“邮集”是被人完成的，须从表被动意的C、D中选择。又因before等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来，所以此题答案为D。

2.——Do you like the material?

——Yes,it______very soft.(NMET)

A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt

析：观察题干，空白线后无宾语，可知feel是不及物动词，表“（某物）摸起来„”意思,是连系动词，不能用于被动式，也不用进行时。根据此题对话情景，是指某种材料的常规特性，要用一般现在时，不能用过去时，故答案为C。feel作“感觉”、“认为”、“摸”等意时是及物动词，可带宾语，有时态，语态等变化。

3．Great changes______ in the city, and a lot of factories______.(NMET)A.have been taken place„have been set up B.have taken place„have been set up C.have taken place„have set up D.were taken place„were set up

析：take place（发生）是不及物动词，不可用于被动语态，于是可排除A、D，又因set up(建造)是及物动词，在此题中应该用被动式，故排除C，答案为B。4.Most of the artists______to the party were from South Africa.(NMET)A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited 析：首先可排除B。因为它不表示“被邀请”。又因D项少引导词who，也应排除。A项＝who were invited,C项＝who were being invited,由象invite这类短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作后置定语，故也应排除。因而可定答案为A。5.I don´t know the restaurant,but it´s______to be quite a good one.(NMET)A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked

析：根据“某人/某物据说„”英文句式为“sb/sth.is said„”可定答案为A。又如：He is said to be a clever boy.据说他是一个聪明的男孩。6.The police found that the house______and a lot of things______.(NMET)A.has broken into„has been stolen B.has broken into„had been stolen C.has been broken into„stolen D.had been broken into„stolen 析：“房屋被人闯入”，“东西被偷”都是被动语态，故可排除A、B。因C项中的has been broken into不能置于found之后，则答案只能是D。7.I promise that the matter will______.(NMET)

A.be taden care B.be taken care of C.take care D.take care of 析：take care of„是固定短语，若无of则不可带宾语，只能跟that从句。所以此题答案为B。

8.If city noises______from increasing,people____shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.(NMET)

A.are not kept„will have to B.are not kept„have to C.do not keep„will have to D.do not keep„have to

析：观察题干，第一处必须用被动式，答案只能在A、B中选一。条件句用一般现在时，主句应为一般将来时，故答案为A。

9.The Olympic Games,____in 776 BC,did not include women players until 1912.(NMET)

A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing

析；要表达“被举行”，只能在B、C中选。B意“将要首次举行”。显然不合in 776 BC这一过去时间，只有C，first played(＝which was first played)才合用。故答案为C。

10.This sentence needs______.A.a improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved 析：初看此题似手A、C皆可，但improvement是元音开头词，其前要用an,故排除。need作实义动词，和require,want一样，后面可跟doing或to be done 表“需要被„”意。如：The door needs/wants/requires painting/to be painted.(这扇门需要漆一下。)11.I should very much like to have gone to the party,but I______invited.A.am not B.haven´t been C.was not D.will not be

析：should/would like to have done sth.意“本想做某事”，例如：I should like to have seen the film,but it wasn´t possible.由于这种句式表示“过去想”，所以but后的句子也应该是过去时态与之相配合，故此题答案是C。12.——______the note______to Mr Smith?

——No,It is still in my pocket.A.Is„being given B.Was„given C.Has„been given D.Hasn´t„been given 析：根据问句与答句，问话人显然是注重结果，故要用现在完成时。似乎D作为反诘句“难道条还没给史密斯先生吗？”也成立，但若是这种口气发问，答话人就应答“Sorry.It is still in my pocket.”,所以此题答案应为C。13.We heard it______that he had gone to New York.A.say B.said C.to say D.be said

析：It was said that„可以改为We heard it said that„(都表示“据说„”之意)。前一种说法中It 是形式主语，后一种说法中it是形式宾语。故此题答案为B。

动词时态、语态专练

1.The maths problem can be______.A.easy worked out B.easy to be worked out C.easily worked out D.easily to work out

2.Every possible means______,but none proves successful.A.has been tried B.tried C.is being tried D.has tried 3.The girl is to______a rich man.A.marry with B.be married C.marry to D.be married to 4.He received a telegram that______“Mother sick”.A.wrote B.says C.reads D.read

5.Who can you imagine______to his wedding party?

A.inviting B.being invited C.was invited D.to be invited

6.I______ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.(NMET)A.gave B.was given C.was giving D.had given 7.——Will somebody go and get Dr.White?

——He´s already been______.(NMET)

A.asked for B.sent for C.called for D.looked for

8.A conductor______to keep us in time in the singing yesterday.A.needs B.is needing C.was needed D.has been needed 9.When and where to build the new factory______yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided

10.Ways______to stop pollution by now.A.must find B.will be found C.are found D.have been found 11.I don´t want anything______about it.A.to say B.said C.saying D.having said 12.——______that the sports meet might be put off.——Yes,it all depends on the weather.A.I´ve been told B.I´ve told C.I´m told D.I told

13.A library with five thousand books______to the nation as a gift.(NMET)A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered 14.Betty has never been heard _______ill of others.A.speak B.spoken C.to speak D.was said

15.Tom______to have delivered the speech in their theatre room.A.said B.says C.is said D.was said 16.——What do you think of the book?

——Oh,excellent.It´s worth______a second time.(NMET)A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.being read

17.Little Jim should love______to the theatre this evening.(NMET)A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking.18.______more attention,the trees could have grown better.(NMET)A.Given B.to give C.Giving D.Having given 19.——where______the book?I can’t see it anywhere.——I______it right here but now it’s gone.A.did you put;have put B.have you put;put

C.had you put;was putting D.were you putting;have put 20.He would not fail so long as he______hard the next term.A.studied B.would study C.had studied D.studies 21.How long______the English party______?

A.has;been lasted B.did;last C.was;lasted D.will;be lasted 22.What______you______this time next Friday?

A.will;do B.have;been doing C.are;doing D.will;be doing 23.Hardly______the bell______when the teacher came in.A.did;ring B.would;ring C.has;rung D.had;rung 24.It______and the streets were still wet.A.had been raining B.rained C.had been rained D.would rain 25.The book____on the ground for ten minutes but no noe has picked it up.A.is lying B.has lain C.lay D.has been lying 26.We______there when it______to rain.A.were getting;would begin B.were about to get;began C.had got;had begun D.would get;began

27.The teacher said we______ten lessons by the end of this term.A.should have studied B.were going to study C.have studied D.should study

28.——she told me she had met you in London last year.——______you______her since?

A.Had;met B.Did;see C.Would;meet D.Have;seen 29.——When______again?

——When he______,I’ll let you know.A.will he come;will come B.will he come;come C.he comes;comes D.will he come;comes 30.Tom______for more than a week.A.has left B.had gone away C.went away D.has been away 31.——What happened to her teeth?

——She______the apple more than she could chew.A.has bitten B.bit C.had been bitting D.bites

32.Shakespeare was said______37 famous plays in his lifetime.A.finishing writing B.to finish writing C.having written D.to have written

33.——You’ve agreed to go.So why aren’t you getting ready?

——But I______that you______me to start at once.A.don’t realize;want B.don’t realize;wanted C.haven’t realized;want D.didn’t realize;wanted 34.——I missed the lecture last night.——Oh,what a pity!I wish______.A.you heared it B.you had heard it

C.you never heard it D.you hadn’t heard it

35.I’ll return the book to the library as soon as I______it.A.finished B.am going to finish C.will finish D.have finished 36.——Your phone number again?I______quite catch it.——It’s 9586442.(NMET)

A.didn’t B.couldn’t C.don’t D.can’t 37.——I’m sorry to keep you waiting.——Oh,not at all.I______here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be

38.When I was at college.I______three foreign languages,but I______all except a few words of each.A.spoke;had forgotten B.spoke;have forgotten

C.had spoedn;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten

39.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______.A.will arrive B.arrives C.is going to arrive D.is arriving(NMET)

40.——Who is Jerry Cooper?

——______?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.(NMET)A.Don’t you meet him yet B.Hadn’t you met him yet C.Didn’t you meet him yet D.Haven’t you met him yet 41.——We could have walked to the station.It was so near.——Yes,a taxi______at all necessary.(NMET)

A.wasn’t B.hadn’t been C.wouldn’t be D.won’t be

42.We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose______to her?(NEMT)

A.was happening B.to happen C.has haqqend D.having happened 43.On Saturday afternoon,Mrs Green went to the market,______some bananas and visited her cousin.(NMET)

A.bought B.buying C.to buy D.buy

44.As she______the newspaper,Granny______asleep.(NMET)A.read;was falling B.was reading;fell C.was reading;was falling D.read;fell

45.I______the bad cold for a week,still I can’t get rid of it.A.caught B.have caught C.have D.have had 46.I______the time______so quickly.A.didn’t realize;had passed B.don’t realize;passed

C.haven’t realized;passed D.hadn’t realized;had passed

47.——My watch______twelve o’clock.It’s so late.——Let’s hurry up.A.is said B.says C.is told D.tells

48.Helen______her key in the office so she had to wait her husband_____home.(NMET)

A.has left;comes B.left;had come C.had left;came D.had left;would come 49.The pen I______I______is on my desk,right under my nose.(NMET)

A.think;lost B.thought;had lost C.think;had lost D.thought;have lost 50.——Jane has just arrived.——I didn’t know she______.A.is coming B.was coming C.had been coming D.will come

动词时态、语态专练答案

1－5 C A D D C 6－10 B B C A D 11－15 B A A C C 16－20 C A A B A

21－25 B D D A D 26－30 B A D D D 31－35 B D D B D 36－40 A A B B D