动词的语态语法讲解及练习题

动词的语态语法讲解及练习题（精选11篇）

篇1：动词的语态语法讲解及练习题

1)表过去的可能和许可，(多用于间接引语中)

At that time we thought the story could not be true.

那时我们认为所说的事不可能是真的。

Father said I could swim in the river.

爸爸说我可以在河里游泳。

2)表过去的能力

I could swim when I was only six.

我刚六岁就能游泳。

Could在肯定句中表示过去的能力时，常表抽象的一般的能力。

He could be very naughty when he was a child.

他小时候会是很顽皮的。

3)表“允许”。可表示委婉客气的提出问题或陈述看法

Could I use your bike?

Yes, you can.

他会记得那时吗?

I’m afraid I couldn’t give you an answer today.

恐怕我今天不能回答你。

The teacher said you could go to the store for sweets.

老师说你可以去商店买糖。

3)Could/can+have done 结构表示对过去发生的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”。 could 加完成式还用于肯定句时一般表过去可能完成而却未完成的动作。

Can they have won the basketball match?

他们赢了那场篮球赛吗?

What you referred to just now can have made her very sad.

你刚刚所谈到的可能令他很伤心。

You could have completed the task a little earlier.

你本来能早点完成任务的。(但事实上并没有提前完成任务)

I could have passed my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes.

我本可以轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。

如表具体做某一件事的能力时，则须用 be able to .

He was able to translate the article without a dictionary.

他可以不用词典翻译那篇文章。

Can表示一贯的能力 ，be able to表示客观能力和通过努力可以达到的能力

I can’t swim. But I am sure I will be able to swim through more practicing.

The fire spread through the hotel, but everyone was able to get out

When the boat sank he was able to swim to the bank

篇2：动词的语态语法讲解及练习题

You may drive the tractor. 你可以开那台拖拉机。

2)当回答由may 引起的问题时，否定答语要用must not,表示“不许可”、“不应该”、“不行”。

May I come in?

Yes, you may.

No,you can’t

No, you may not .

No ,you mustn’t

No ,you’d better not.

3) may /might 推测性用法 可能

He may be right.

He may not come today (可能不)

He may /might come tomorrow.

, 注意: 1只用于肯定和否定句中,不用于疑问句中。

2 might 比may可能性更小

He might get a job.

He may get a job.

3 may no 可能不 can not不可能

He may not come

He can’t come

3)表建议(可和as well 连用)

You may(might)as well stay where you are.

你还是原地待着好。(may as well 有“还是……的好”的含义)

4)表祝愿

篇3：动词的时态、语态

A. wentB. has been

C. goesD. has gone

2. — Have you seen Peter recently？

— Yes. He asked me to ask you how you ___ along with your new job these days.

A. have been gettingB. were getting

C. are gettingD. are getting

3. I hope her health ___ greatly by the time we come back next year.

A. improves B. will improve

C. has improvedD. will have improved

4. Mrs Green wants to buy that kind of cloth because the cloth ___ very well.

A. washesB. is washed

C. will be washedD. will wash

5. By the time you ___ this book， your meal will get cold.

A. will have finishedB. have finished

C. are finishingD. finished

6. — Nancy is not coming tonight.

— But she ___ ！

A. promisesB. promised

C. will promiseD. had promised

7. They might have had second thoughts， but they ___ what was coming next.

A. don’t knowB. hadn’t known

C. didn’t knowD. haven’t known

8. — Have you been to the United States？

— Yes， only once. I ___ there only for seven days.

A. have stayed B. was staying

C. had stayed D. stayed

9. — How long ___ in that company before you worked with us？

— For eight years.

A. were you employed

B. have you been employed

C. had you employed

D. will you be employed

10. My dictionary is missing. I have looked for it every-where but still ___ it.

A. haven’t been foundB. don’t find

C. isn’t foundD. haven’t found

11. — Do you like the material？

— Yes， it ___ very soft.

A. is feelingB. felt

C. feelsD. is felt

12. Would you please keep silent？ The weather report ___ and I want to listen.

A. is broadcastB. is being broadcast

C. has been broadcastD. had been broadcast

13. — Did you tell your mother you have passed the exam？

— Oh， I forgot. I ___ her now.

A. will callB. will be calling

C. am callingD. am to call

14. This machine ___ . It hasn’t worked for years.

A. didn’t workB. wasn’t working

C. doesn’t workD. isn’t working

15. Look at the timetable. Hurry up！ Flight 4026 ___ off at 18：20.

A. takesB. took

C. will be takenD. has taken

16. We can’t go on with the experiment because the computer ___ .

A. hasn’t been repairedB. hasn’t repaired

C. isn’t repairedD. doesn’t repair

17. A cleaner was struck and killed by lightning. The police said when they found the body he ___ a mobile phone.

A. heldB. had been holding

C. was holdingD. was being held

18. — Have you got any job offers？

— No. I ___ .

A. waitedB. had been waiting

C. have waitedD. am waiting

19. — Why on earth didn’t you answer the door？

— I’m terribly sorry， but the telephone ___ ， too.

A. was about to ringB. was ringing

C. rangD. is ringing

20. Danny ___ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.

A. worksB. is working

C. has workedD. worked

21. — Ring me at six tomorrow morning， will you？

— Why that early？ I ___ .

A. will be sleepingB. have slept

C. have been sleepingD. will sleep

22. The earthquake， which occurred at 8：58， didn’t cause many deaths， for most people ___ .

A. got upB. had got up

C. were getting upD. have got up

23. Collecting stamps as a hobby ___ increasingly popular during the past fifty years.

A. becomesB. became

C. has becomeD. had become

24. I’m sorry. I ___ you ___ to me.

A. don’t know； are speaking

B. don’t know； were speaking

C. didn’t know； were speaking

D. didn’t know； are speaking

25. — I may have annoyed our neighbor！

— Don’t worry. He is forgetful， so he ___ all about the matter soon.

A. forgetsB. forgot

C. has forgottenD. will forget

26. — I don’t think we have met before.

— Yes， once at a party， but we ___ .

A. weren’t introducedB. didn’t introduce

C. haven’t introducedD. were not introducing

27. — Did you meet the editor at the airport？

— No， he ___ away before my arrival.

A. has drivenB. was driven

C. had been drivenD. had driven

28. — I’m sorry， I shouldn’t have been so rude to you.

— You ___ your temper but that’s OK.

A. have lostB. had lost

C. did loseD. were losing

29. — It’s a pity that you didn’t come to my birthday party last night.

—I’m terribly sorry. I ___ for an important lecture.

A. preparedB. was preparing

C. had preparedD. has prepared

30. The company going from bad to worse， the workers ___ hardly enough to make a living.

A. are paidB. are paying

篇4：情态动词语法讲解及练习题

She said that he might take her dictionary.

她说他可以拿她的词典去用。

除在间接引语中外，might一般不表示过去的“可能”与“许可”。表过去的“可能”可用could，表过去的“许可”可用were (was) allowed to。

2)表现在的“可能”，其可能性要比may小。

Electric irons could be dangerous; they might give you a severe shock.

电熨斗会有危险，它可能电着人。

3)may (might) + have +done 表示对过去发生行为的推测，含有“想必”、“也许是”的意思。

It may have been true. 这事也许是真的。

篇5：高二英语语法之动词的时态及语态

I.单句语法填空

1.More efforts, as reported, __________________(make)in the years ahead to accelerate the supply side structure reform(2016高考江苏卷）

2.Jack __________________(work)in the lab when the power cut occurred.(2016高考北京卷）

3.Dashan, who ___________________(learn)crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.(2016高考江苏卷）

4.I _________________(read)half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.(2016高考北京卷）

5.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _______________________(reward)with success in the end.(2016高考北京卷）6.Silk _____________________(become)one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.(2016年高考浙江卷）

7.Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday, for it ________________(pass)and is beyond our control.8.--I am really struck by your spoken English.You speak so fluently.Have you been abroad?

--Yes.I ______________(stay)in London for two years.9.--Do you think I’m a good surfer?

--Of course!I ________________(watch)you earlier.You made it look so easy, graceful even.10.Around two o’clock every night, Jill will start talking in her dream.It somewhat _______________(bother)us.II.单句改错

1.He was hoping to go abroad but his parents decided that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.2.The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people be persuaded to eat more fruit and vegetables.3.I was staying with my uncle and aunt because my parents have gone abroad for a holiday.4.According to the art dealer, the painting is expecting to go for at least a million dollars.5.The high standard of the nation’s literature and art has been attracted widespread attention.6.It was ten years since we have had such a wonderful time.7.Last summer I take a part-time job in the International Camp for children.8.I’ll send my friend Li Dong to meet you at the airport when you arrived.9.It has been two weeks since we graduate from middle school.10.Action should taken to protect our environment.参考答案：

I.1.will be made

2.was working

3.has been learning

4.have read

5.will be rewarded

6.had become

7.has passed

8.stayed

9.was watching bothers

II.1.decided 前加have

2.be----are

3.was--am

4.expecting---expected

5.去掉been

6.have----had

7.take---took

8.arrived---arrive

9.graduate---graduated

篇6：高一英语语法动词的时态语态

1、will/shalldo

(1)表示将来会出现的动作或状态。常用的时间状语：thisevening,tomorrow,nextweek/month…,attheendofthisterm,inafewminutes等。

(2)表示将来经常发生的动作。

(3)表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势、倾向。

(4)表示说话过程中做出某种决定。

注意：条件状语从句中的will表示“决心，意愿”，此时will是情态动词表示意愿。

2、begoingtodo

(1)表示已经决定或安排要做的事。

(2)表示根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来将要发生的事。

3、betodo

(1)表示约定、计划或按职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。

(2)表示说话人的意志、意图、职责、义务、命令。

(3)表示注定要发生的事情。

4、beabouttodo

(1)表示即将发生的动作，意为“正要，即将”。

(2)不可与表示具体的将来时间的副词或副词性短语连用，但可以同由as或when引导的时间状语从句连用。

篇7：动词的时态和语态

我一决定就打电话告诉你们。

2. The article warns that British children by a junk culture of processed food, computer games and over-competitive education. (poison)

该文章警告说，英国的儿童正受到加工食品、电脑游戏和竞争过于激烈的教育构成的“垃圾文化”的毒害。

3. With the approach of the summer vacation, I what great activities I can have with my family. (think)

随着暑假的来临，我这几天一直在想能跟家人一起参加一些什么活动。

4. His words have cleared our guess that his plan . (turn)

他的话消除了我们以为他的计划被拒绝了这一猜测。

5. It’s only when you have lost something that how much you value it. (realize)

只有当你失去了某样东西时，你才会意识到你多么珍惜它。

6. As the local newspaper reported, poor safety measures for the fire. (blame)

正如当地报纸的报道，糟糕的安全措施对这次火灾难辞其咎。

7. The two cats at the rescue center have become so close to each other that they . (look)

动物救援中心的这两只猫变得亲密无间，看起来就像姐妹俩。

8. A group of scientists ， baby-sized robots to accompany the old at home alone. (develop)

一群科学家正在开发婴儿大小的机器人来陪伴独自在家的老人。

9. I still remember the first time we met three months ago, when you a job. (apply)

我还记得三个月前我们第一次见面的情形，当时你在找工作。

10. I the traffic jam for a complete two hours, or I wouldn’t have been late for the meeting. (catch)

我遇到堵车被困了整整两个小时，不然我就不会开会迟到了。

11. After he consulted with the doctor he to quit smoking. (make)

他在咨询了医生之后才下定决心戒烟。

12. The government gave timely help to those whose homes by the earthquake. (damage)

政府给家园被地震毁灭的人们及时提供了帮助。

13. My train for Wuhan is delayed because of the storm, and the show ， by the time I arrive. (start)

我去武汉的火车因为大雨而晚点了，等我到武汉的时候，我要看的演出已经开始了。

14. You can pick me up at my house at 7:30 pm. I for you at that time. (wait)

你可以晚上7点半来接我，到那会我就在这里等你。

15. I have arrived at the hotel, and ， soon. (check)

我已经到了旅馆，马上就要登记住宿了。

16. A recent survey reveals the number of people who shop in stores in the last two years, while a number of people are shopping online. (decrease)

最近一项调查表明，过去两年里，在商店购物的人数一直在减少，很多人都在网购。

17. Tell me the answer please; I ， this question for weeks. (puzzle)

请告诉我答案吧，这个问题已经困扰了我几个星期了。

18. According to the spokesman, the case and it won’t be long before the final report comes out. (look)

按照这个发言人的说法，该起案件正在调查中，最终的报告不久将会出来。

19. Through the experiment we did yesterday, we got to know that light sound. (travel)

通过昨天我们做的实验我们知道光比声音传播得快。

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20. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house .(decorate)

他们目前跟父母住在一起，因为他们自己的房子在装修。

21. All my efforts that improving my teaching methods have proved rewarding. (devote)

我致力于改进教学方式，事实证明那些努力没有白费。

22. According to the report, four Chinese students on Friday when they were swimming in a sea in Egypt. (drown)

根据该报道，4名中国学生在埃及的一个大海里游泳的时候溺水身亡。

23. They do not know if this , but a study has found that spending more time at school may increase intelligence. (apply)

他们不知道这个规律是否适用于所有孩子，但一项研究发现，在学校待的时间越长就越可能会提高智商。

24. Many old time memories ， when we had a conversation that evening. (call)

那天晚上我们交谈的时候，很多旧时的记忆都被唤起了。

25. Concentrate on your study, and . (great)

如果你一门心思地学习，你就会取得更大的进步。

26. Local residents at major banks since morning yesterday to get their hands on 5-yuan commemorative coins issued by the People’s Bank of China. (queue)

昨日中国人民银行发行纪念版五元硬币，自清晨便有居民人在当地各大银行排队等候购买。

27. By the time he finally arrived, I in the rain for fifteen minutes. (wait)

等他终于姗姗来迟的时候，我已经在雨中等了15分钟了。

28. I’m afraid I the lecture. I want to attend it, but I’m busy preparing for a job interview. (miss)

恐怕我会错过这个讲座了，我想去听，但要忙着准备面试。

29. The majority of employers ， wages in reaction to the economic crisis. (plan)

大多数雇主都在计划削减薪水以应对经济危机。

30. Her last book sold five million copies and it’s hoped that this one . (receive)

她的上一本书卖了5百万册，希望这本书会更受欢迎。

31. It was a long time before ， the scene of the accident. (hurry)

过了好长时间，警察才赶到事故现场。

32. You’d better cut your hair short. Our school students’ keeping long hair. (approve)

你最好把头发剪一下。学校不允许学生留长发。

33. It seemed that the boy ， and didn’t show any interest in what the teacher was saying. (make)

看来那个男孩是被迫学习的，他对老师讲的课不感兴趣。

34. It was reported that the fire had burned for quite some time before it . (bring)

据报道，大火烧了好长时间才被控制住。

35. We very early so we packed the night before. (leave)

我们很早就要出发，所以头天晚上就装好行李了。

36. Bob called to tell his mother that he couldn’t enter the house, for he ， at school. (leave)

鲍勃打电话告诉他母亲，他把钥匙留在学校了，无法进屋。

37. It is getting hotter and hotter here. I hope the change of climate . (upset)

天越来越热，希望这气候的变化不会让你觉得烦。

38. By the time you have finished this book, your meal . (get)

等你看完这本书的时候，饭菜就冷了。

39. Mr Smith works in our company, but he today, as he’s on a sick leave. (work)

史密斯先生在我们公司工作，但他今天没上班，请病假了。

40. The coal miners in the coal mine for 10 hours before we came to their rescue. (trap)

我们去救这些矿工时他们已经被困在煤矿有10个小时了。

41. I didn’t realize that it ， until I went to the door. (rain)

走到门口我才意识到正在下雨。

42. One moment, please. I the report for the manager and it won’t take long. (finish)

请等一会儿。我给经理的报告快完工了，只需要一会儿。

篇8：英语语法——短语动词的被动语态

this is a photo of the power station that has been set up in my hometown.

my sister will be taken care of by grandma.

篇9：英语语法被动语态讲解

由于不及物动词不能带宾语，故无被动语态，只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语才有被动语态，其基本构成方式是“助动词be+过去分词”。

注意：“be+过去分词”结构不一定都是被动语态，有些动词(如 be，feel，look，seem等)后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，用作表语表示状态。如：

My bike is broken.(我的自行车坏了。)

The door is open.(门开了。)

2.主动语态改被动语态的方法

1)将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面：①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语;②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be+过去分词”结构;③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后(有时可省略)。

2)含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位;②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或 for。如：

He gave the boy an apple.→ The boy was given an apple.(或An apple was given to the boy.)

Her father bought her a present.→ She was bought a present by her father.(或A present was bought for her by her father.)

3)不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。如：

They watched the children sing that morning.→ The children were watched to sing that morning.

4)带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。如：

We call him Xiao Wang.→ He is called Xiao Wang.

He cut his hair short.→ His hair was cut short.

They told him to help me.→ He was told to help me.

5)短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。如：

We must take good care of the young trees.→The young trees must be taken good care of.

6)含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面;也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know，say，believe，find，think，report等。如：

People believe that he is ill.→It is believed that he is ill.(或：He is believed to be ill.)

3.被动语态改为主动语态的方法：

被动语态中介词by后的宾语改为主动语态中的主语(或按题意要求确定主语)，按照这个主语的人称和数以及原来的时态把谓语动词形式由被动语态改为主动语态。注意在主动语态中有的动词要求不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，此时要把被动语态中的to去掉。被动语态的主语用来作主动语态的宾语。如：

History is made by the people.→ The people make history.

4.双宾动词即指带双宾语的动词，它们在变为被动语态时，有以下两种情形值得注意：

(1) 有些双宾动词(如award, buy, give, leave, lend, offer, pay, show, teach, tell等)在变为被动语态时，既可把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语，而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来(称为保留宾语)，也可把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语，而把间接宾语改为介词to 或for引起的状语(到底用to还是for，与所搭配的动词有关)。比较：

He gave her some money. 他给她一些钱。

对应： She was given some money. / Some money was given to him.

He bought her a watch. 他给她买了一快表。

对应 A watch was bought for her. / She was bought a watch.

(2) 有些双宾动词(如bring, do, make, pass, sell, send, sing, write等)通常用直接宾语(指事物)作被动语态的主语，而将间接宾语用作保留宾语(其前根据情况用介词to或for)：

Father made me a doll.

对应： A doll was made for me.

He wrote her a letter.

对应： A letter was written to her.

(3) 有些双宾动词(如answer, deny, envy, refuse, save, spare等)通常用间接宾语(指人)作被动语态的主语，而将直接宾语用作保留宾语：

He answered me that question. 对应：

篇10：动词的语态语法讲解及练习题

和时态一样，语态也是动词的一种形式，用来说明句中主语和谓语的关系。如果动作由主语执行，就可使用主动语态，如果主语不是由主语执行，主语是动作的承受者，则可使用被动语态。由此我们可以看出英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者，什么事情被主语做。被动语态的构成和形式被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，一定要记住是及物动词。助动词必须与主语的人称和数一致，注意要与我们前一讲学过的八个时态配合使用。

适合被动语态的情况：

篇11：英语非谓语动词讲解及练习

doing , done , to do , doing 。当然它们有各自不同的变化形式，如：

现在分词 doing : 有being done(被动式) ; having done (完成式); having been do

ne (完成被动式)

不定式 to do : 有to be done (被动式); to have done (完成式); to be doing(进行式)

动名词 doing : 有having done(完成式); being done(被动式) ;

非谓语动词的特点： 三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征;动名词具有名词的特征;不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。具体来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等;动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等;不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。

下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解：

一. 动词不定式

先看几个例句，判断不定式在句中的成分。

1.To learn a foreign language is difficult .

2. His wish is to be a driver .

3.Tom wanted to have a cup of beer .

4.The teacher told us to do morning exercises .

5.I have nothing to say .

6.They went to see their aunt .

7.It’s easy to see their aunt.

8.I don’t know what to do next .

9.I heard them make a noise .

说明：1.动词不定式作主语, 2.动词不定式作表语,3.动词不定式作宾语,4.动词不定式作宾语补足语，5.动词不定式作定语,6.动词不定式作目的状语,7.动词不定式作真正主语，it 代替动词不定式，作形式主语。8.带有连接代词的动词不定式作宾语,9.不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。

掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题：

1. “to” 是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to 都是介词。

agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to ,

equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to

2. 带to 还是不带to

I have no choice but to give in

I cannot do anything but give in

I saw him enter the classroom .

( 但是： He was seen to enter the classroom .)

3. 动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时用of .

It’s necessary for you to study hard .

It’s foolish of him to do it .

与of 连用的形容词有：

good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible

4.后接不定式作宾语的动词有：

want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.

需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用it做形式宾语。例如：通常不说We think to obey the laws is important . 而说We think it important to obey the laws .

5.不定式的省略。下列短语中，如果意义明确，常常省略到to 。

want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , o

ught to , need to , used to , be able to

6.不定式作定语，应注意两种关系：

1)动宾关系：

He has a lot of meeting to attend .

Please lend me something to write with .

He is looking for a room to live

He is looking for a room to live in .

He has no money and no place

to live ( in ) .

I think the best way to travel ( by ) is on foot .

There is no time to think ( about ) .

2)主谓关系：

She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting .

----I’m going to the post office , for I have a letter to post . ( 逻辑主语是I )

-------Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now ( 逻辑主语不是I )

7.不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义：

1) 原因

He is lucky to get here on time .

这种结构中常用的形容词有：

happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious . lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy

2) 目的

He came to help me with my maths .

3) 结果

I hurried to get there only to find him out .

The book is too hard for the boy to read .

He is old enough to go to school .

8 . 不定式作补足语

I saw him play in the street just now .

能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有：

see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice

注: 当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带to , 如：

He was seen to play in the street just now.

二.动名词

Learning English is very difficult .

学英语非常困难。

His job is driving a bus .

他的工作是开车。

I enjoy dancing .

我喜欢跳舞。

I have got used to living in the country .

我已经习惯了住农村。

Take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall asleep .

吃点安眠药，你很快就会入睡。

注意以下几种结构：

1.There’s no telling what will happen .

=It’s impossible to tell what will happen .

= No one can tell what will happen .

2.It’s no use talking with him .

It’s no good speaking to them like that .

3.There’s some difficulty ( in ) doing …

在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换:

trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time

注意以下几个问题：

1.下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别，

forget to do … 忘记要做某事

forget doing… 忘记做了某事

remember to do…记住要做某事

remember doing …记着做了某事

mean to do … 有意要做某事

mean doing … 意味着做了某事

regret to do … 对要做的事表示后悔

regret doing … 对做过去的事后悔

can’t help to do…不能帮助做某事

can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事

try to do … 尽力去做某事

try doing 试着做某事

learn to do … 学着去做某事

learn doing … 学会做某事

stop to do … 停下来去做(另一件事)

stop doing … 停止做某事

go on to do … 接着做(另外一件事)

go on doing … 继续做某事

used to do … 过去做某事

be used to doing …习惯做某事

2.动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别

动名词作定语表达 n+ for doing 的含义

现在分词作定语表达 n+which(who) be doing的含义

如：a sleeping car = a car for sleeping

a running horse = a horse which is running

前者是动名词 ， 后者是现在分词

又如： drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy

3. 动名词的逻辑主语：

动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。

例如：His coming made us very happy .

4.动名词的语态和时态

5. 动名词主动形式表被动的情况：

need doing , want doing , require doing

例如： This room needs painting . 这个房间需要粉刷。

6.只能跟动名词作宾语的动词：

admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit . practise , require , suggest , risk , keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , can’t help , can’t stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include ,

三. 分词

1 The story is interesting . I’m interested in it .

这个故事有兴趣，我对这个故事感兴趣。

2 . This is a moving film .

这是一部动人的电影。

3. The secretary worked late into the night , preparing a long speech for the president .

秘书工作到深夜，为主席准备一篇长篇演讲稿。

4. Given more time , I’ll do it well .

如果给我多一点时间，我会做的更好。

When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank .

当他后街时，看到小偷正从银行偷钱。

应注意的几个问题：

1.现在分词与过去分词的区别

Do you know the woman talking to Tom ?

= Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ?

The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.

= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.

China is a developing country and America is a developed country.

2.分词作表语

The news sounds encouraging .

They got very excited .

1)现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别：

The news is interesting .

He is interested in the news .

doing 作表语，主语与表语是主谓关系 ;done 作表语，主语与表语是动宾关系。

2)表语与被动式的区别：

The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming .(强调动作)

The blackboard is broken . You’d better have it repaired.(强调状态)

3)常作表语的过去分词：

amused , injured , covered , known , dressed , lost , broken , gone , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married , worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded , wounded , drank , done

3.现在分词、动名词 现在进行时的区别

The situation in our country is encouraging . (表语)

The situation in our country is encouraging the people . ( 现在进行时)

My job is looking after the little baby . (动名词)

能回答how-question 的是现在分词，能回答what-question 的动名词，即不能回答how-question 也不能回答what-question 的是现在进行时。

例如： How is the situation in our country ? It is encouraging .

What is your job ? My job is looking after the little baby .

4.注意的四种结构：

have something to do 有某事要做

have something done 使某事被做

have somebody do something 使某人做某事

have something doing 让某事一直做着

5. 需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词：

seat , prepare , hide , dress

如：I seated myself on the chair .

I was seated on the chair .

6.分词做状语与不定式的区别：

分词做状语表示时间、原因、让步、 条件、方式、伴随等;而不定式表示目的和结果。

Having finished the homework , I went home . ( 时间)

Being a Party member , I should work hard . (原因)

Given more time ,I can do my work better . ( 条件 )

He ran out of the classroom ,shouting at the boy. ( 伴随)

To get more knowledge , we must work harder and harder . ( 目的 )

He is old enough to join the army . ( 结果)

7.分词、动名词和不定式作定语的区别

a running horse 现在分词 = a horse that is running

a fallen leaf 过去分词 = a leaf that has already fallen

a walking stick 动名词 = a stick for walking

something to do 不定式 = something that I should do

8.不定式被动式、分词的被动式和过去分词的区别：

I have a problem to be discussed at the meeting . ( 将来)

The building being built on the river is the Science Museum . (正在进行)

The building completed three years ago is now in bad conditions . ( 过去)

9.分词做状语需要注意的一个问题：

分词与句子主语的逻辑关系

Seeing from the hill , the city looks beautiful .( 错误 )

Seen from the hill , the city looks beautiful . ( 正确)

Seeing 与the city 不是主谓关系;seen 与city 是动宾关系

练习

I .单项选择

1.Most of the people _____ to the party were famous scientists.

A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting

2. ______ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it .

A. Having being told B. Though had been told C. He was told

D. Having told

3. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _____ on a big rock by the side of the path .

A.to have rested B. testing C. to rest D. rest

4. The next morning she found the man ______ in bed , dead .

A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying

5. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier , _______ it more difficult .

A. to make B. not to make C. not making D. to not make

6 . The Olympic Games , _____ in 776 B.C., did not include women plays until 1912 .

A.first playing B.to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing

7 . ---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting .

---- Well , now I regret ____________that .

A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done

8 . The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with talks , _______ that he had enjoyed his stay here .

A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added

9 . _______ a reply , he decided to write again .

A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received

10.The speaker raised his voice, but he still couldn’t make himself ________ .

A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard

Robert is said ___ abroad , but I don’t know what country be studied in .

to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying

II . 用动词的正确形式填空

1. Little Tom should love ________ ( take ) to the theatre this evening .

2. Paul doesn’t have to be made _______ ( learn ) . He always works hard .

3. The computer centre , ______ ( open )last year , is very popular among the students in this school .

4. Go on _____( do ) the other exercise after you have finished this one .

5. How about two of us ______ ( take ) a walk down the garden .

答案：

I

1.A 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.D

II