法和词汇考点祥解----动词时态和语态 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

法和词汇考点祥解----动词时态和语态 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)（精选4篇）

篇1：法和词汇考点祥解----动词时态和语态 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

动词的时态和语态

【押题依据】动词的时态和语态是历年高考的重点，而且测试的难度也在逐年加大。在单项填空题中，每年考查动词时态的题不少于两道，动词的语态常和时态放在一起考查。高考命题者常从三个角度进行命题：一是直接给定时间状语。考生能直接根据所给时间状语作出选择；二是给定时间状语，但所给时间状语有着较强的干扰性和迷惑性，考生不能直接根据时间状语作出选择；三是题干中不提供任何时间状语，而给出一个上下文情景或一个结构较为复杂的句子，考生必须仔细分析语境，才能作出正确判断。

[押题1] -_____ Mr Smith ____ this week?

- No. He is on holiday.

A. Has; workedB. Does; workC. Did; workD. Is; working

【解题关键】解答该题的关键是根据上下文语境判断句子动作的一般式与进行式的用法区别。

【答案解析】根据答句He is on holiday.说明动作处于正在进行状态，而不是完成性的、过去发生的或经常性的动作，故排除选项A、B、C，选用现在进行时，答案为D。

[押题2]-Got your driving license?

-No. I _____ too busy to have enough practice, so I didn’t take the driving test last week.

A. was B. am C. have been D. had been

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要根据上下文语境中所提供的一般过去时的表示过去时间的对照点，准确判断过去完成时与一般过去时的用法区别。

【答案解析】问句中Got your driving license?为Have you got your driving license？现在完成时的省略表达，该句对选项无影响。决定选项动词时态的是答句中so I didn’t take the driving test last week.分析句意可知，选项动作发生在后一动作之前，表示过去的过去，故应用过去完成时。答案为D。

[押题3]You’d better not call the manager between 7 and 8 this evening, for he _____ an important meeting then.

A. will have B. would have C. will be having D. will have had

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确理解句意。根据题干中提供的时间状语来判断使用表示将来的多种时态中的哪一种。

【答案解析】根据题干中的时间状语between 7 and 8 this evening可知，选项动作是在将来某个时刻正在进行的，故应选用将来进行时， 口语中常用这种时态表示将来某时刻正在进行的动作或发生的事。答案为C。

[押题4]-How can you borrow my computer without my permission?

-Oh, I ____ to tell you. I hope you don’t mind.

A. forget B. forgot C. had forgotten D. am forgetting

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是根据语境所提供的信息及其句子的意义，判断一般现在时及过去完成时的用法区别。

【答案解析】该句题干中没有提供任何时间状语，但从语境及句子的含义判断，选项动作表示在过去某个时间发生，所以，首先排除选项A、D，由于题干中没有表示过去时间的对照点，故再排除选项C。 答案为B。

[押题5]-Will you please repeat your idea?

-Certainly. But I think it certain you ____ your attention.

A. don’t pay B. didn’t pay

C. weren’t paying D. aren’t paying

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确理解选项动词动作所发生的时间段，区别一般时态与进行时态的用法。

【答案解析】从问话人请求对方重复已讲内容，答话人认为对方在刚才他讲话时没有注意他所讲内容可知，该选项动作强调在过去某个时刻正在进行，表示说话的当时，故应选用过去进行时。答案为C。

[押题6]-I’m sorry, but the boss isn’t here yet. Shall I have her call you when she comes back?

-No, I’ll call her back. If I call again in half an hour, do you think she ____?

A. arrives B. has arrived

C. will arrive D. will have arrived

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是根据语境注意区别一般将来时与将来完成时的用法。

【答案解析】一般将来时表示将来某一时刻将要发生的动作，而将来完成时则表示将来某个时间之前已经发生或完成的动作。根据该句语境及其句意可知，该句选项动作表示将来完成的动作。答案为D。

[押题7] -Are we about to have dinner?

-Yes, it ____ in the dinning room.

A. is serving B. is being served

C. has been serving D. serves

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键在于准确把握动词serve 在句中主动语态与被动语态的使用。

【答案解析】动词serve在此句中意思为“端上、摆出（饭菜）”，为及物动词。根据该句结构可知应使用被动语态，只有选项B为进行时的被动结构，其它选项均为主动形式。答案B。

[押题8]-Joan was badly injured in the accident yesterday and she was sent to hospital.

-Oh, really? I____. I ____ visit her.

A. didn’t know; will go to B. don’t know; will go to

C. didn’t know; am going to D. haven’t known; am going to

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是根据讲话人的说话意图推断动作所发生的时间点，并注意在语境中区别will 和be going to的用法。

【答案解析】分析语境及讲话人意图可知，第一空强调过去的动作，并不表示现在发生的事，故应用一般过去时；第二空应选will，表示即时决定将要做的事，而be going to表示按计划、安排要做的事。答案A。

[押题9]-Don’t you feel surprised to see Bruce at the meeting?

-Yes. I really didn’t think she ____ here.

A. has been B. had been

C. would be D. would have been

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是根据上下文语境准确理解选项动作所表达的时间发生点。

【答案解析】根据上下文语境可知，选项动作已在过去发生或完成。但根据I really didn’t think可以判断出从句中的动作是从过去某时间看将来要发生的事，故应选过去将来时。答案C。

[押题10]-Why is the librarian looking so hard at me?

-You ____ to read aloud in the reading room.

A. don’t suppose B. haven’t supposed C. are not supposed D. were not supposed

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要根据句子含义准确判断动词suppose在句中的用法以及动词所发生的时间。

【答案解析】根据句子意思，应选用be supposed to“应该做……、被要求做……”，故排除选项A、B；分析上文情景，句中动词使用现在时形式，强调现在的状态 ，所以，再排除选项D。答案C。

[押题11]It seems water from this tap for some time. We’ll have to take it apart to put it right.

A. had leaked B. is leaking

C. leaked D. has been leaking

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确把握句中的时间状语for some time所强调的时间段以及所使用的动词时态。

【答案解析】根据句中时间状语for some time以及后一分句的动词时态可知，选项动词动作强调到现在为止并仍在继续，故应排除选项A、C。由于选项B现在进行时不可与一段时间状语连用，所以排除选项B，选D现在完成进行时。答案D。

[押题12]-Take this medicine three times a day, Tom?

-Do I have to take it? It ____ so terrible.

A. is tasting B. is tasted C. tastes D. has tasted

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确理解连系动词taste用主动形式表示被动的意义在句中的用法。

【答案解析】根据选项动词及其句子意思可知，taste在此用做连系动词，后接形容词作表语，在这一结构中，taste常用一般现在时的主动形式表示被动意义。答案C。

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇2：法和词汇考点祥解----动词时态和语态 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

1.I can guess you were in a hurry.You＿＿your sweater inside out.

A.had worn B.wore C.were wearing D.are wearing

2.- We ＿＿ that you would fix the TV set this week.

- I’m sorry.I ＿＿ to, but I’ve been too busy.

A.had expected； had intended B.are expecting； had intended

C.expect； intend D.expected； intend

3.He will stop showing off, if no notice ＿＿ of him.

A.is taken B.will be taken C.takes D.has taken

4.-It is said that another new car factory＿＿now.

- Yeah.It ＿＿one and a half years.

A.is building； takes B.is being built； will take

C.is built； will take D.is being built； takes

5.- I’m sorry, but I shouldn’t have been so rude to you.

- You ＿＿ your temper but that’s OK.

A.have lost B.had lost C.did lose D.were losing

6.- Why? Tom, your shirt is so dirty!

- Mum, I ＿＿ my storeroom downstairs。

A.cleaned B.have worked C.was cleaning D.have been cleaning

7.They won’t buy new clothes because they＿＿money to buy a color TV set.

A.save B.are saving C.has saved D.were saving

8.Good heavens! There you are! We＿＿anxious about you, and we ＿＿you back throughout the night.

A.are； expect B.were； had expected

C.have been；were expecting D.are； were expecting

9.I’ve finally finished my paper and it ＿＿ me an entire month.

A.takes B.took C.was taken D.had taken

10.The traffic in our city is already good and it ＿＿even better.

A.gets B.got C.has got D.is getting

11.- Has Jack finished his homework yet?

- I have no idea；he ＿＿it this morning.

A.was doing B.had been doing C.has done D.did

12.- I will come to attend your lecture at 10：00 tomorrow.

- I’m sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and I＿＿my guests in my office.

A.is being met B.will meet C.will be meeting D.will have met

13.- Alice came back home the day before yesterday.

- Really ? Where ＿＿ ?

A.has she been B.had she been C.has she gone D.had she gone

14.John and I＿＿friends for eight years.We first got to know each other at a Christmas party.But we＿＿ each other a couple of times before that.

A.had been； have met B.have been； have met

C.had been； had met D.have been； had met

15.I ＿＿ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.

A.will play B.have played C.played D.play

16.I’ve won a holiday for two to Florida.I ＿＿ my mum.

A.take B.am taking C.have taken D.will have taken

17.- You haven’t said a word about my new coat,Brenda.Do you like it?

- I’ m sorry I ＿＿ anything about it sooner.I certainly think it’ s pretty on you.

A.wasn’t saying B.don’t say C.won’t say D.didn’t say

18.- Where ＿＿?

- I got stuck in the heavy traffic.I ＿＿ here earlier.

A.did you go； had arrived B.have you been； would have been

C.were you； would come D.are you； was

19.I know Mr Brown；we ＿＿ to each other at an international conference.

A.are introduced B.have been introduced

C.were introduced D.had been introduced

20.-Where do you think＿＿he＿＿the computer?

- Sorry.I have no idea.

A.has ； bought B.／ ； bought C.did ； buy D.had ； bought

21.- I＿＿to a party, but I’ ve got nothing to wear.

- Why don’t you have a dress made for the party?

A.was asked B.will ask C.have asked D.have been asked

22.I didn’t like Aunt Lucy, who＿＿without warning and bringing us presents.

A.always turned up B.has always turned up

C.was always turning up D.was always turned up

23.- What do you think of this kind of TV set,which ＿＿ in Shanghai?

- Well, I don’ t care such things.

A.was made B.is made C.has been made D.had been made

24.- Tom, did Mr.Li join you in your discussion?

- No, he＿＿, but he happened to have fallen ill.

A.would like to B.will C.was to have D.was going to join

25.- Did he notice you enter the room?

- I don’ t think so.He＿＿to the radio with his eyes shut.

A.listened B.was listening C.has listened D.had listened

26.The plane ＿＿ at 7：00 p.m., so I have to be at the airport by 6：40 at the latest.

A.has left B.is to leave C.will have left D.leaves

27.The train ＿＿＿＿＿ at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about nine o’clock tonight.

A.went B.is going C.goes D.will be going

28.Look at this ! I＿＿some magazines and＿＿this letter.

A.was looking through； found B.am looking through； find

C.looked through； had found D.had looked through； finding

29.- ＿＿you ＿＿ the editor at the airport?

- No, he ＿＿ away before my arrival.

A.Have...met； has driven B.Had...met； was driven

C.Did...meet； had been driven D.Have...met； had driven

30.- Can you give me the right answer?

- Sorry, I＿＿.Would you repeat that question?

A.hadn’t listened B.haven’t listened C.don’t listen D.wasn’t listening

31.I used to drink a lot of tea but these days I ＿＿coffee.

A.prefer B.preferred C.have preferred D.am preferring

32.- Was the driving pleasant when you went to Mexico last summer?

- No, it ＿＿ for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.

A.was raining B.had been raining C.would be raining D.rained

33.The vegetables didn’t taste very good.They＿＿too long.

A.had been cooked B.were cooked C.had cooked D.cooked

34.- Remember the first time we met, Jim?

- Of course I do.You ＿＿ in the library.

A.were reading B.had read C.have read D.read

35.I want to buy that kind of cloth because I ＿＿ the cloth ＿＿ well.

A.have told； washes B.have been told； washes

C.was told； washed D.have been told； is washed

36.- What were you up to when your parents came in?

- I＿＿for a while and＿＿some reading.

A.was playing； was going to do B.played； did

C.had played； was going to do D.had played； did

37.- Sorry, I forget to post the letter for you.

- Never mind, ＿＿ it myself tonight.

A.I’m going to post B.I’ve decided to post C.I’ll post D.I’d rather post

38.I should very much like to have gone to that party of theirs, but ＿＿.

A.I’m not invited B.I was not invited

C.I have not been invited D.I had not been invited

39.- Is Tom still smoking ?

- No.By next Saturday he ＿＿ for a whole month without smoking a single cigarette.

A.will go B.will have gone C.will have been D.has been going

40.All but one＿＿take part in the conference＿＿tomorrow.

A.is going to； that is to take place B.are going to； that is about to take place

C.are going to； that is to be taken place D.are going to； which is to be held

41.- Are you a visitor here?

- That’s right.I＿＿round the world and now my dream of coming to China＿＿true.

A.have traveled； has come B.was traveling； had been come

C.am traveling； has come D.have traveled； has been come

42.- ＿＿ Betty this morning?

- Not yet, but she is sure to be here before noon.

A.Have you seen B.Will you see C.Do you see D.Did you see

43.Jim talked for about half an hour yesterday.Never＿＿ him talk so much.

A.I heard B.did I hear C.I had heard D.had I heard

44.The children ＿＿very quiet；I wonder what they ＿＿up to.

A.were； are being B.are being；are C.are；do D.are being；do

45.- Look at the black clouds.It ＿＿ soon.

- Sure.If only we ＿＿out.

A.is raining； didn’ t come B.is to rain； won’ t start

C.will rain； haven’ t started D.is going to rain； hadn’ t come

46.He ＿＿articles for our wall-newspaper these three years, and he ＿＿about forty articles.

A.has been writing； has written B.has been writing； wrote

C.is writing； has been writing D.has written； has written

47.She ＿＿ to the office than she got down to writing the report.

A.has no sooner got B.had hardly got

C.no sooner got D.had no sooner got

48.When he was alive, the old scientist used to say that knowledge ＿＿from practice and he gained his experience by doing a lot of practical work.

A.was coming B.had come C.comes D.would come

49.In this experiment, they are woken up several times during the night, and asked to report what they＿＿.

A.had just been dreaming B.are just dreaming

C.have just been dreaming D.had just dreamt

50.-What’ s the matter?

- The shoes don’ t fit properly.They＿＿＿＿my feet.

A.are hurting B.will hurt C.have hurt D.are hurt

动词时态、语态专练50题参考答案及简析

1.D。can guess 这一现在猜测是建立在眼前所见情景的基础上的，故用现在进行时。

2.A。expect, intend, want, wish, hope, plan 等动词的过去完成式可表示过去未曾实现的想法、愿望、打算等。

3.A。如主句用将来时，在时间、条件和让步状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来。又因if 从句是take notice of...的被动语态结构，故选A。

4.B。根据主语与build之间的被动关系和now， 可知要选现在进行时的被动语态；因工厂正在修建，花费一年半应指将来。

5.C。shouldn’ t have done 表示“过去本不应……”。You did lose your temper 是You lost your temper 的强调形式。

6.D。现在完成进行时表示从过去某时到现在一直在进行的动作。

7.B。句意为：他们（现在）不愿买新衣服，因为他们在攒钱买电视。由此可见，攒钱是现阶段正在进行的动作。

8.C。担心是从过去某时到说话时为止一直在进行的动作，用现在完成时；expect 是在过去某一段时间里（整个晚上）正在进行的动作，故用过去进行时。

9.B。论文已完成，花费一个月时间应指过去；某事花费某人多少时间用sth.takes sb.some time 结构。

10.D。交通现在已经好了，在此基础上正在变得更好。 11.A。题干没有构成“过去的过去”，不可选B。如选C、D则表示动作已完成，与have no idea相矛盾。过去进行时表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作，不涉及结果，正好附合题干语境。

12.C。by then 是指将来的时间状语，排除A。再由句意可知，meet指的是到了十点钟时将正在进行的动作。

13.B。问句问的是前天回来之前去了哪儿，故用过去完成时。注意had gone表示人未回来，与第一句相矛盾。

14.D。for＋时间段表示从过去某时延续至今的动作或状态，用现在完成时；meet发生在got to know 这一过去动作之前，用过去完成时。

15.D。用一般现在时表示现在的特征或状态。

16.B。come, go, leave, arrive, take 等动词常用进行时表砂将来。

17.D。表示过去没有做某事应用去时。又因句子没有“过去正在进行 ”之意，帮排除A。

18.B。问对方“去了哪里”，指的是从过去某时到现在为止的动作，用现在完成时；第二个空格是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气和主句，条件状语从句If I hadn’ t got stuck in the heavy traffic 被省略。

19.C。在一个国际会议上被介绍显然发生在过去。

20.B。此句为复杂特殊疑问句结构，即“疑问词＋do you think (believe, suppose, expect, imagine, say, consider, guess等）＋其它（陈述语序）?”。

21.D。由but 分句中的现在时和答语所提建议内容，可知应选现在完成时的被动语态。22.C。 always, often, constantly, forever, all the time 等副词与现在（过去）进行时连用，表示某种反复发生的动作，往往带有厌恶、不满、责备或赞扬等意味。

23.B。这种电视产于上海是客观事实，故用一般现在时。

24.C。C项是was to have joined us in our discussion 的省略形式。was／were ＋ to have done表示原来计划、安排要做的事，而实际上并没有做。

25.B。当时他在听收音机。

26.D。表示按时刻表或日程安排要发生的事,应用一般现在时。

27.D。从句用的是一般现在时，故主句要用将来时。将来进行时表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。

28.A。Look at this!说明东西已找到。紧接着说是怎样找到的。

29.C。根据答语，问句中的meet是过去发生的动作，可排除A、D。但不能选B，因为没有构成“过去的过去”。答语中用过去完成时的被动语态表示在我到达（过去动作）之前他已被人用车接走。

30.D。“没听”发生在对方（过去）问问题时，故用过去进行时。

31.A。此题选A表示现在的特征或状态。prefer属表示心理状态的动词，不能用于进时。32.B。表示在过去某一动作之前一直在进行，并有可能继续下去的动作，要用过去完成进行时。

33.A。cook发生在didn’ t taste very good 之前，且与主语之间有被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。

34.A。read 发生在the first time we met之时, 故用过去进行时。

35.B。动词wash, lock, sell, wear, write read, open, shut, clean等动词的主语是物，且又表示主语的特征或状态时，要用主动形式表示被动意义。

36.C。play 在came in 之前已完成，而do some reading 的动作则即将开始。

37.C。will／shall ＋v.表示临时的决定，而be going to 表示已决定或安排要做的事。38.B。would ／ should like ＋ to have done表示过去未曾实现的愿望，故“未受邀请”应用一般过去时的被动语态。

39.B。by 后跟将来的时间状语时，主句要用将来完成时。go without 意为“在缺……的情况下对付”。

40.D。all but one 主语是all，且all在此指人，故谓语动词用复数；take place 属不及物动词短语，无被动语态；be about to后面不能跟具体的时间状语。

41.C。由对话情景可知，“周游世界”是现在正在进行的动作，而“实现”是到说话时为止已完成的动作；come true不能用于被动语态。

42.A。询问到说话时为止一段时间内某动作是否发生，要用现在完成时。

43.D。hear 发生在talked这一过去动作之前；never是含有否定意义的副词，放在句首时，句子应用倒装语序。

44.B。be用于进行时可表示一个暂时的特点或表现。What they are up to相当于What they are doing。

45.D。根据目前迹象判断将要发生的动作用be going to；if only 意为“但愿”，其后的句子用虚拟语气。

46.A。由these three years可知应选现在完成进行时，表示“写”从过去一直延续至今，并有可能继续下去；“写了40 篇”用现在完成时，表示到现在为止已完成的动作。 47.D。no sooner...than和hardly(scarcely)...when 均表示“一……就……”，且主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。

48.C。宾语从句表示的是客观事实。

49.C。dream是从过去某时开始一延续到are woken up...and asked to report...这一现在动作之前的动作，故用现在完成进行时。

50.A。由What’ s the matter 和don’ t fit 可知，hurt是现在正在进行的动作。

篇3：法和词汇考点祥解----动词时态和语态 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

◆典型陷阱题分析◆

1. “I _____ his telephone number.” “I have his number, but I ____ to bring my phone book.”

A. forget, forget B. forgot, forgot

C. forget, forgot D. forgot, forget

【陷阱】容易误选A，认为“忘记”是现在的事。

【分析】仔细体会一下对话的语境：第一个人说“我忘记他的电话号码了”，这个“忘记”应该是现在的情况，即现在忘记了，要不然就没有必要同对方说此话了，故第一空应填 forget；第二个人说“我有他的号码，但我忘记带电话本了”，这个“忘记”应该是过去的情况，即过去忘记带电话本，所以现在电话本不在身上（注意句中的转折连词 but），故第二空应填 forgot，即答案选应C.请再看一例：

- Oh, I ______ where he lives.

- Don’t you carry your address book？

No, I ______ to bring it.

A. forget, forget B. forgot, forgot

C. forget, forgot D. forgot, forget

答案选C，理由同上。

2. I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I _____ too busy.

A. was B. had been

C. would be D. would have been

【陷阱】容易误选B或D，认为前句用了had hoped，所以此句谓语要用B或D与之呼应。

【分析】但正确答案为A，前一句谓语用had hoped，表示的是过去未曾实现的想法或打算，可以译为“本想”，而后一句说“我太忙”，这是陈述过去的一个事实，所以要用一般过去时。请做以下类似试题（答案均为A）：

（1） We had hoped to catch the 10：20 train, but _____ it was gone.

A. found B. had found

C. would find D. would have found

（2） We had hoped that you would be able to visit us, but you _____.

A. didn’t B. hadn’t

C. needn’t D. would not have

（3） We had wanted to come to see him, but we ____ no time.

A. had B. had had

C. would have D. would have had

（4） I had expected to come over to see you last night, but someone ______ and I couldn’t get away.

A. called B. had called

C. would call D. would have called

（5） The traffic accident wouldn’t have happened yesterday, but the driver _______ really careless.

A. was B. is

C. were D. had been

3. Dear me！ Just _____ at the time！ I _____ no idea it was so late.

A. look, have B. looking, had

C. look, had D. looking, have

【陷阱】此题容易误选D，认为第一空用现在分词表伴随，第二空填 have 的一般现在时，以保持与前面时态的一致性。

【分析】其实，此题应选C，第一空应填 look, 因为这是祈使句的谓语；第二空应填 had，因为前一句说“看看时间吧”，这一看当然知道了现在很迟的情形，“不知道这么迟了”显然应是“过去”的事，故应用一般过去时态，许多同学由于忽略这一隐含的语境而误选。

4. “Your phone number again？ I _____ quite catch it.” “It’s 4331577”

A. didn’t B. couldn’t

C. don’t D. can’t

【陷阱】此题容易误选C，认为此处要用一般现在时态，表示现在“没听清对方的话”。

【分析】其实，此题答案应选A，根据上文的语境“请把你的电话号码再说一遍好吗？”可知“没听清对方的电话号码”应是在说此话以前，故应用一般过去时态。请看以下类似试题：

（1） “Mr Smith isn’t coming tonight.” “ But he _____.”

A. promises B. promised

C. will promise D. had promised

答案选B，“他答应（要来）”应发生在过去。

（2） “Hey, look where you are going！” “Oh, I’m terribly sorry. _____.”

A. I’m not noticing B. I wasn’t noticing

C. I haven’t noticed D. I don’t notice

答案选B，“我没注意”是对方提醒之前的事，现经对方一提醒，当然注意到了。

（3） “Oh it’s you！ I ________ you.” “I’ve had my hair cut.”

A. didn’t realize B. haven’t realized

C. didn’t recognize D. don’t recognized

答案选C.“没认出是你”是说此话之前的事，说此话时显然已经认出了对方。

（4） “What’s her new telephone number？” “Oh, I _____.”

A. forget B. forgot

C. had forgotten D. am forgetting

此题应选A，从语境上看，“忘记”的时间应是现在，即指现在不记得了。

（5） “Since you’ve agreed to go, why aren’t you getting ready？” “But I ______ that you would have me start at once.”

A. don’t realize B. didn’t realize

C. hadn’t realized D. haven’t realized

答案选B.“没意识到”是对方提醒之前的事。

（6） “It’s twelve o’clock, I think I must be off now.” “Oh, really？ I ______ it at all.”

A. don’t realize B. haven’t realized

C. didn’t realize D. hadn’t realized

答案选C.“没意识到”是在听到的话之前的事。

5. Mr Smith ______ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether he has finished it.

A. has written B. wrote

C. had written D. was writing

【陷阱】容易误选B或C.

【分析】此题应选D，这是由 but I don’t know whether he has finished it 这一句话的语境决定的，全句意为“史密斯先生去年在写一本书，但我不知道他现在是否写完了”。有的同学可能由于受 last year的影响而误选B.但若选B，则句子前半部分的意思则变为“史密斯先生去年写了一本书”，既然是“写了”，那么这与下文的“但我不知道他现在是否写完了”相矛盾。

6. He has changed a lot. He _______ not what he _______.

A. is, is B. was, was

C. is, was D. was, is

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案选C，上文说“他”变化很大，即“他”现在不是过去的那个样子了，故第一空填is，第二空填 was（其实第二空也可用 used to be）。请看类例：

“What place is it？” “Haven’t you found out we _____ back where we ______？”

A. were, had been B. have been, are

C. are, were D. are, had been

答案选C，We are back where we were 的意思是“我们（现在）又回到刚才来过的地方”。

7. He is very busy. I don’t know if he _____ or not tomorrow.

A. come B. comes

C. will come D. is coming

【陷阱】此题容易误选B.认为 if 引导的是条件状语从句，从句谓语要用一般现在时表示将来意义。

【分析】其实，此题答案应选C，句中if引导的不是条件状语从句（即if≠如果），而是宾语从句（即if＝是否），句意为“他很忙，我不知道明天他是否会来。”请看以下类似试题：

（1） I don’t know if she _____, but if she ____ I will let you know.

A. comes, comes B. will come, will come

C. comes, will come D. will come, comes

答案选 D，第一个 if 引导的是宾语从句，第二个 if 引导的是条件状语从句。

（2） “When _____ he come？” “I don’t know, but when he _____, I’ll tell you.”

A. does, comes B. will, will come

C. does, will come D. will, comes

答案选 D，第一个 when 疑问副词，用于引出一个特殊疑问句；第二个 when是从属连词，用于引导时间状语从句。

（3） “When he _____ is not known yet.” “But when he ____, he will be warmly welcomed.”

A. comes, comes B. will come, will come

C. comes, will come D. will come, comes

答案选 D，第一个 when 引导的是主语从句，第二个 when引导的是时间状语从句。

8. The bridge, which _____ 1688, needs repairing.

A. is dated from B. was dated from

C. dates from D. dated from

【陷阱】此题容易误选B或D，认为句中用了 1688 这个过去时间，所以应选过去时态，又因为 date from 不用于被动语态，所以只能选D.

【分析】其实此题的最佳答案应是C，因为 date from 的意思是“自某时起存在至今”（＝have existed since），它通常用于一般现在时，而不用过去时态（尽管其后接的总是表示过去的时间）。如：

The church dates from 1176. 这座教堂是六世纪建的。

The castle dates from the 14th century. 这座城堡是14世纪建的。

但若所谈论的东西现在已不复存在，则可用一般过去时。如：

The church, which dated from the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago. 那座教堂是13世纪建成的，两年前在一次地震中被毁了。

注：与 date from 同义的 date back to 也有类似用法。

9. “You’ve left the light on.” “Oh, so I have. _____ and turn it off.”

A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone

C. I go D. I’m going

【陷阱】容易误选D.

【分析】A和D两者均可表示将来，填入空格处似乎都可以。但实际上只有A是最佳的，因为根据上下文的语境来看，“我去把灯关掉”这一行为是说话人听了对方的话后临时想到的，而不是事先准备的。而按英语习惯：will 和 be going to后接动词原形均可表示意图，但意图有强弱之分，如果是事先考虑过的意图，要用 be going to；如果不是事先考虑过的，而是说话时刻才临时想到的意图，则用 will.比较：

“I’ve come out without any money.” “Never mind, I will lend you some.” “我出来没带钱。”“没关系，我借给你。”（句中用will lend，表示“借”钱给对方是临时想到的，即听了对方的话后临时作出的反应）

I’ve bought a typewriter and I’m going to learn to type. 我买了台打字机，我想学打字。（句中用 be going to learn to type，表示说话人要学打字是事先准备的，并为此买了台打字机）

◆精编陷阱题训练◆

1. Look at that little boy wandering about - perhaps he _____ his mother.

A. will lose B. is losing

C. had lost D. has lost

2. It’s good that we _____ to the park because it’s started to rain.

A. don’t go B. hadn’t gone

C. didn’t go D. wasn’t going

3. I _____ for five minutes； why don’t they come？

A. am calling B. called

C. was calling D. have been calling

4. You _____ your turn so you’ll have to wait.

A. will miss B. have missed

C. are missing D. had missed

5. We _____ to move but are still considering where to go to.

A. are deciding B. decided

C. have decided D. had decided

6. I left my pen on the desk and now it’s gone； who _____ it？

A. took B. has taken

C. will take D. had taken

7. They won’t buy any new clothes because they _____ money to buy a new car.

A. save B. were saving

C. have saved D. are saving

8. I _____ your last point - could you say it again？

A. didn’t quite catch B. don’t quite catch

C. hadn’t quite catch D. can’t quite catch

9. You’ll never guess who I met today - my old teacher！ We _____ for 20 years.

A. don’t meet B. haven’t met

C. hadn’t met D. couldn’t meet

10. I feel sure I _____ her before somewhere.

A. was to meet B. have met

C. had met D. would meet

11. They haven’t arrived yet but we _____ them at any moment.

A. are expected B. have expected

C. are expecting D. will expect

12. I think you must be mistaken about seeing him at the theatre； I’m sure he _____ abroad all week.

A. is B. was

C. has been D. had been

13. The students _______ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _______ in the office.

A. had written, left B. were writing, has left

C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left

14. I tried to phone her, but even as I _____ she was leaving the building.

A. phoned B. would phone

C. had phoned D. was phoning

15. “I suppose you _____ that report yet？” “I finished it yesterday, as a matter of fact.”

A. didn’t finish B. haven’t finished

C. hadn’t finished D. wasn’t finishing

16. -Didn’t the guard see him breaking into the bank？

-No, he _______ in the other direction.

A. was looking B. had looked

C. looked D. is looking

17. How can you possibly miss the news？ It _______ on TV all day long.

A. has been B. had been

C. was D. will be

18. “I thought you might have got drunk.” “Yes, I ______.”

A. almost have B. almost had

C. almost did D. might have

19. You ______ television. Why not do something more active？

A. always watch B. are always watching

C. have always watched D. have always been watching

20. “I took part in the TOEFL. It was really hard.” “Did you ______ a lot？”

A. Have you studied B. Did you study

C. Had you studied D. Do you study

21. “What’s your opinion on the matter, please？” “Oh, sorry, I _______.”

A. wasn’t to listen B. haven’t listened

C. wasn’t listening D. hadn’t listened

22. “Aha, you’re a chain smoker！” “Only at home. Nobody _______ that but you.”

A. discovered B. had discovered

C. discovers D. is discovering

23. The telephone _______ three times in the last hour, and each time it ________ for my father.

A. had rang； was B. has rung； was

C. rang； has been D. has been ringing； is

24. The thief tried to break away from the policeman who ______ him, but failed.

A. has held B. had held

C. was holding D. would hold

25. When I arrived at the company, the manager ______, so we had only time for a few words.

A. just went away B. had gone away

C. was just going away D. has just gone away

26. “John took a photograph of you just now.” “Oh, really？ I ______.”

A. didn’t know B. wasn’t knowing

C. don’t know D. haven’t known

27. “Mike is not coming to the football game this afternoon.” “It’s a shame！ He _______！”

A. promises B. promised

C. will promise D. had promised

28. Please call again. Jim _______ a bath just now.

A. has had B. was having

C. is having D. has

29. “Was Andrew there when you arrived？” “Yes, but he ______ home soon afterwards.”

A. had gone B. has gone

C. is going D. went

30. “Where is Mother.” “She is in the kitchen. She _______ the housework all morning.”

A. is doing B. was doing

C. has done D. has been doing

31. The books, ________ the dictionaries, must be put back where they ________.

A. included； were B. to include； are

C. including； were D. including； are

◆答案与解析◆

1. 选D.根据那个小男孩徘徊的现象，推知他可能是找不到妈妈了。用现在完成时表示结果。

2. 选C.句意为“好在我们（刚才）没有去公园，因为天（现在）已经开始下雨了”。

3. 选D.用现在完成进行时表示持续到现在的一段时间。

4. 选B，用现在完成时表示结果，即你已经错过了机会，其结果是：你只能等。

5. 选C.用现在完成时表示影响。

6. 选B.用现在完成时表示影响或结果，即现在笔不见了，是由于某人已经把它拿走了的结果。

7. 选D.用现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。

8. 选A.从下文的语境看，既然现在叫对方重复一遍，说明“没听清对方的最后一点”应发生在过去（即说此话之前）。

9. 选B.用现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的一段时间。

10. 选B.before 用作副词时不与具体时间连用，泛指“以前”，通常与一般过去时或现在完成时连用。

11. 选C.用现在进行时表示目前的一种状态。

12. 选C.用现在完成时表示影响或结果，即他整个星期都在国外，所以你说你在剧院见过他，你一定是搞错了。

13. 选D.“把书忘在办公室”发生在“去取书”这一过去的动作之前，因此“忘了书”这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在“同学们正忙于……”这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。

14. 选D.注意even as 的意思，它表示“正当……的时候”或“恰当……的时候”。

15. 选B.注意下文语境--事实上，我昨天就做完了。从该回答的语气上推测，填空处应填现在完成时态。

16. 选A.表示当时正在进行的动作。

17. 选A.表示目前一种持续的状态。

18. 选C.句中的 might have got drunk是对过去情况的推测，故答句所指的情况也应在过去，故选C.

19. 选B.always 与进行时态连用，可以表示高兴、满意、抱怨、厌恶等感情色彩。

20. 选C.根据took的时态可知，“参加托福考试”发生在过去；而对方问“是否努力学习过？”这肯定问的是参加考试以前的事，故用过去完成时。

21. 选C.“没听”肯定是刚才的事，所以应用过去时态。

22. 选C.答句陈述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时态。

23. 选B.按英语语法，“in the last [past]+一段时间”通常与现在完成时连用。

24. 选C.用过去进行时表示当时在持续的一种状态。

25. 选C.由于下文说we had only time for a few words，说明“经理”正准备离开。

26. 选A.“不知道”是对方告诉自己之前的事，故用一般过去时。

27. 选B.根据语境，他“答应”发生在过去，故用一般过去时。

28. 选C.just now 有两个意思：一是表示“刚才”，此时just now 为习语；二是表示“现在”、“眼前”、“就在此时”，此时 just 意为“正好”、“恰好”，用以修饰副词now.根据句子语境，句中的 just now 应取上面的第二个意思。

29. 选D.Andrew“回家”发生在你见到他（发生在过去）之后不久。

30. 选 D.现在完成进行时表示从过去至今一直在持续的动作。

31. 选 C.第一空including不填 included，因为其后带有宾语；第二填 were，是因为它是指“原来放的地方”。

篇4：法和词汇考点祥解----动词时态和语态 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

【命题依据】近几年来，高考对形容词和副词的考查多从以下几个方面入手：原级、比较级、最高级的使用;原级、比较级与倍数的表达;比较级、最高级与修饰词的使用;近形和近义词的辨析在具体语境下的使用;多个形容词和副词的排列顺序;常见形容词和副词的惯用法等。由于形容词、副词为实词，今后高考将不会降低对这一部分的考查力度。试题中仍将会考查原级、比较级、最高级与修饰词的使用，多个形容词、副词的排列顺序以及常见形容词、副词的惯用法;要特别注意原级与倍数词在表达时的词序以及近形、近义词的辨析。

[例题1]-What will you buy for your husband’s birthday?

-I want to buy a ____ wallet for him.

A. black leather small B. small black leather

C. small leather black D. black small leather

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确把握多个形容词作定语时的词序。

【答案解析】根据多个形容词作定语词序排列规律“限定描绘大、长、高，形状、年龄和新老，颜色、国籍和材料，作用类别往后靠”。可知，选项中三个限定词分别为small(大、小), black (颜色)，leather(材料)。答案为B。

[例题2]-The novel is, I have to say, not a bit interesting. How do you find it?

-Why! It’s ____ that I have ever read.

A. a less interesting B. a more interesting

C. a most interesting D. the most interesting

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要理解句子意思，分析选项，准确使用形容词比较级与最高级结构。

【答案解析】根据句子意思可以知道，本题无比较之意，而含有最高级含义，故应排除选项A、B;选项C中的most 相当于very，不符合句子意思。答案为D。

[例题3]-What does the model plane look like?

-Well, the wings of the plane are ____ of its body.

A. more than the length twice B. twice more than the length

C. more than twice the length D. more twice than the length

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确把握比较级结构中由名词构成的倍数表达法。

【答案解析】分析句意及选项可知，这是一个比较级结构中由名词所构成的倍数表达形式。在这一结构中，倍数要置于表示量的名词前面，后接of+另外一个比较对象，该题中more than 仅为一个修饰词，应置于倍数词前面，构成：the wings of the plane are more than twice the length of its body。答案为C。

[例题4]-How about the concert last night?

-Well, at least it’s ____ the one I saw last time with Joan.

A. no worse than B. no better than C. not as good as D. as bad as

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确理解答句意义以及四个选项的比较级结构的不同表达。

【答案解析】在比较级结构中“no+比较级+than”意思为“前者并不比后者更……”。根据答句意义，尤其是从at least 可以知道该句意思为“至少它不比我上次跟Joan 一起看的音乐会更糟”，故应选no worse than ;选项B 意义相反，不符合句意;选项C、D意义相同。答案为A。

[例题5]Of the two scientists, who do you think is ____?

A. a successful one B. more successful

C. a more successful D. the more successful

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确判断在表示两者的句子结构中，形容词比较级前冠词的使用。

【答案解析】在含有of the two 的句子结构中，句子的形容词要用比较级形式，并且被定冠词the限定， 意思为“两者中更……”。该句意思为：“两位科学家中，你认为哪一位更成功?”答案为D。

[例题6]We can’t get the machine to run. There must be ___ with it.

A. something wrong serious B. something seriously wrong

C. something serious wrong D. something wrong seriously

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确把握副词与形容词之间、形容词与不定式之间的修饰关系及词序。

【答案解析】一般情况下，形容词修饰不定代词时，要放在不定代词的后面;副词修饰形容词时，要放在形容词之前，这样便构成something seriously wrong。答案为B。

[例题7]After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced ____ in 2004 as the year before.

A. as many machines twice B. twice many as machines

C. as twice many machines D. twice as many machines

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要理清含有倍数的同级比较结构中词的排列顺序。

【答案解析】在含有倍数、百分数的同级比较结构中，倍数或百分数必须置于as...as 之前;由many或much修饰的复数名词或不可数名词必须置于 as...as中间。答案为D。

[例题8]After the long journey, the Smiths returned home, ____.

A. safe but tired B. safely but tired

C. safe and tiring D. safely and tiring

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意弄清表示增补意义，在句中作状语的形容词和副词的用法区别，以及动词的瞖d 与瞚ng形式在句中的用法区别。

【答案解析】根据题干意义可知，空格部分是用来补充说明句子主语是怎样的，故选用形容词做状语，表示“人感到累”应用tired，由于选项是两个意义不一致的形容词，故用转折连词but 连接。实际上，该句相当于...the Smiths returned home and they were safe but tired。答案为A。

[例题9]Tasting ____, this kind of fried chicken sells ____.

A. well; good B. to be good; well

C. good; well D. to be well; good

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是把握系动词后形容词或副词的选用以及谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义的选用。

【答案解析】分析题干可知，第一空taste在此作系动词，其后应接不带to be结构的形容词作表语。由于well作形容词时意思为“健康的”，不符合题意，故应选 good作表语;第二空sell 在此为不及物动词，后接副词well，意思为“畅销”，用sell的主动形式表示被动意义。答案为C。

[例题10]The problem is not ____ so easy as you think. It’s far from being settled.

A. hardly B. almost C. nearly D. scarcely

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要正确理解句子的意义，根据四个选项的意义及在句中的结构作出选择。

【答案解析】hardly和scarcely 意思均为“几乎不”，与题干中的not 构成双重否定，不符合句子意思;almost与not连用时，almost 常置于not前面，意思为“几乎不”;只有 not nearly为正确结构，意思为“相差很远”。答案为C。