分类作文写作范文

2022-05-25

第一篇：分类作文写作范文

小学作文分类及写作要点

写人：

1 抓住人物特点，对人物外贸描写做到形神兼备。

只要善于观察，就会发现每个人的外貌都与别人不同，外貌特点，如容貌，神态，姿态，服饰等，往往反映着人物不同的个性和心理。

这些特点的描写要做到时刻为文章的中心服务，外貌描写应力求做到符合人物的年龄，身份，经历和个性，决不能出现“千人一面”的倾向。

2 把握人物特点，注意对人物语言的描写，要做到“言为心声”。

在生活中，人们的个性，职业，年龄及所出的时间，环境和地位不同，说出的话也不会完全相同。一个人的语言，就是他思想感情最直接的流露，因此，一定要注意人物的语言描写，时刻做到“言为心声”。

3 要选择恰当的事例。

选择事例时，不要认为能表现人物思想品质的事例一定都是惊天动地的大事，应该选择有代表性的日常生活中的平凡小事，以小事来表现主题，体现中心。

记事：

此类文章，是指以写事为中心，，通过对事情的描写，反映人物思想，社会变化等问题。 1 写清楚事情发展的先后顺序，使叙事具有完整性。

写好记事作文的基本要求就是，要按事情的发展规律，把事情交待清楚。也就是交待清楚事情发生的时间，地点，人物，发生，发展和结果这六大要素。

要想文章内容完整，主题明确，六点中的事情的起因，发展和结果最为重要。

2 注意选择能突出文章中心的典型材料。

小学生写记事作文，一般都是些自己身边的熟人的平凡小事，那么，就应该越具体越好。生活中的小事很多，要从中选择最典型，最具有代表性的事例，来表达文章要求的深刻道理和闪光思想。

进行描写时,应对事件的成因,人物的行动等进行细节描写,特别是对文章的重要部分,如事情发展的关键时刻和高潮部分,应该写得越具体越好。

写景：

1 要善于观察，找出景物独有的特点。

观察就是运用人的各种器官如视，听，触，嗅，味觉等来感知事物。观察时，要细致，要学习抓住景物的特点，也就是找出观察景物与其他不同类景物及同类景物之间的区别。应从不同角度入手，写准景物，写活景物。

2 注意描写表达，使景物活灵活现。

要对景物进行描写，最重要的就是对景物的顺序描写不能乱。可按景物的空间顺序来写，如左，右，前，后，东，西等方位。也可以时间顺序来写，如一天之内的早，中，晚，以年内的春，夏，秋，冬等。还可以按游览顺序来写。

3 必须真实，达到写景抒情的境界。

状物：

1 对物体形态的描写要逼真。

首先应当写好物体的外形，要注意全面。每个物体都是由许多部分组成的，缺少了那一部分，就不是完整的物体，但应根据物体的外形特点，分清主次，突出重点来写。

2 要做到生动有趣，条理清楚。

3 文章结尾可以托物言志，寄予作者情感。

这一点不是文章的重心，只需在结尾点出即可。

想象：

1 想象要一现实生活为基础。

想象作文把人们提前带入未来社会，但未来的发展不可能离开现代社会的基础。 2 想象要以广博的知识为基础。

想象的内容可以十分大胆，但应该建立在科学知识的基础上。

看图：

1 细致全面的观察分析图画，是理解图意的前提。

观察图画可分三步：一是总观全图，按顺序依次观察，使之对画面有一个总体上的认识。二是观察分析图中的人物和背景。背景不同，人物活动的主题就不同，文章立意就会不同。三是观察分析细节，特别是人物的表情和动作。

2 对画面展开充分的想象和联想。

例如人物情节画，可根据画面表现的主要情节，设想出事情的开始，经过，结果，再把事情串联起来，并构思出具体情节，推测人物的内心活动，想象人物的语言。

注意想象的内容千万不能离开中心任意发挥。

3 学习准确抓住图画的中心思想来描述。

读后感：

1 要认真读懂原文。对原文的中心思想应进行深入的研究，这样才能领会到别人没有领会到的东西，为发表观点打好基础。

2 要精炼的简述原文。

写读后感一定要紧扣原文，交待清除“感”的来源，可直接摘抄原文中的重点句，然后写感想，也可以间接叙述原文内容，点出感情从哪里产生的。

注意不能大量引用原文，应做到叙述精炼。

3 要真实具体，有感而发。

要抓住体会最深的一点，联系实际，展开联想，有感而发。

对语文教师而言，作文教学既是重点又是难点。下面笔者就谈谈应如何指导学生写作。

一、观察生活，力求写实

生活是写作的源泉，它在我们面前展示了一个丰富多彩的世界。学生只有留心生活中的各种事物，养成观察的好习惯，写作文时才能“有写的”。因为观察多了，学生就会自然而然地产生联想;联想多了，学生便乐于动脑筋去分析和思考。他们的观察能力、想象能力、思维能力提高了，写作能力自然也就提高了。所以，在作文教学中，我们应鼓励学生全景式地扫描生活，用自己的眼，以自己的心去理解、感受生活，挖掘生活中最熟悉的、最能打动人的事例，写真人真事，抒真情实感。“必须寻到源头，方有清甘的水喝。”这“源头”就是五彩缤纷的生活。

二、积累材料，融会贯通

“唐宋八大家”之一的韩愈曾说过：“学以为耕，文以为获。”这是说阅读是写作的先导，没有读的“耕耘”，就没有写的“收获”。杜甫说：“读书破万卷，下笔如有神。”也是说要多读书，书读得多了，知识才厚实，才能博古通今，写起文章来才能左右逢源，如有神助。但仅靠多读也是不够的，学生对所读之书还要进行深入的思考，将之融会贯通，才能使之成为写作的“源头活水”。

三、提倡模仿，鼓励创新

模仿是人类学习、掌握技能的重要方法之一。模仿的特点在于针对性强，有法可循，既降低了学习的难度，又可收到明显的效果。对于初学写作的学生来讲，我们应积极提倡模仿和借鉴范文。即使刚模仿时比较机械，也应加以肯定。吴增祺说：“文章之体，往往古有是作，而后人则仿而为之，虽通人不以为病。”这是指文章体式上要加以模仿学习。当然模仿不是写作的终极目的，一味地模仿，不会创新是不会写出好文章的。我们强调在模仿基础上的创新，使学生形成好的文风。

四、以说促写，下笔成文

在日常生活中，我们常可以看到这样的情景：有些学生说话滔滔不绝、口若悬河，而写作文却绞尽脑汁也无从下笔。原因何在?笔者以为，是在生活中“说”的实践较多，而“写”的实践较少的缘故。所以我们在写作训练时，强调先说后写，即在写作文时，让学生构思后，把要写的内容先说出来再写，引导学生把说与写联系起来。这样说说写写、写写说说，不仅提高了口语表达能力，而且能使学生写作时中心明确、条理清晰。

五、多写片段，多写日记

一般来说，学生课外时间有限，如果教师一味要求他们写整篇文章，学生会感到力不

从心;但教师可让他们平时多练笔，多写日记，像茅盾说的那样：“应当时时刻刻身边有一支钢笔和一本草簿，把你所见所闻所为所感随时记下来……”倘若我们学生能这样去做，平时多记日记，多写片段，把自己的感情淋漓尽致地表达出来，不仅可以得到一种精神享受，而且能极大地提高他们的写作水平。为此，教师应要求学生每天至少练笔一次，大到对时政国事的评论，小到遣词造句，不一而足。学生经过一段时间的练习，笔头熟了，素材丰富了，写作也就变得容易了。

六、鼓励创作，推荐发表

学生习作是他们勤于练笔，进行创作的结晶，所以教师在批改作文时，不宜删改过多，以免挫伤学生的积极性。在作文讲评时，更要多鼓励学生，通过作文品评，进行师生间、学生间的沟通。为了满足学生的创作欲、发表欲，教师可在课堂上，把一些写得好的学生作文读给大家听，或让学生传阅;也可以鼓励学生向报刊投稿，对于优秀的学生习作，教师可以直接向报刊推荐发表。

七、注重审题，多审精写

审题是作文的第一步，所以写作训练首先要引导学生全面、准确地理解题意，审好题。教学中，教师要注意引导学生掌握审题的一般技巧，如命题作文要：(1)审标题，注意题目的限制性;(2)审文体;(3)审写作要求(包括注意事项、提示);(4)审评分表;材料作文(包括看图作文)还要审清材料，多则材料要进行归纳总结，找出最佳角度、最佳立意。这种多审题、精写作的方法，所费时间不多，又能使学生写作能力得到提高。

八、互改互评，讲评鼓励

为了发挥学生的积极性，激发他们写作兴趣，在作文评改时，可以采用学生互评或自评的方法。具体做法是：教师浏览学生作文，不对其进行具体评价，而是在课堂上进行审题分析，指出作文中的优缺点，示范讲评两三篇文章，列出批改的标准，然后让学生互评或自评，最后教师收上来再阅，展出优秀习作。这样，学生亲自参与文章批改，所以对写作的要求会理解得更为深刻。

总之，只要教之有法，使学生谙熟写作的门径，写作是会成为学生喜欢的活动的。

第二篇：原创托福独立写作分类+文章写作

独立写作

Paragraph 1

改写题目，用引发读者兴趣的语言表明全文的主旨。

展开(开门见山、下定义、设问、排比、引谚语、引数据、欲扬先抑) Paragraph 2

Topic Sentence——引出第一个分论点展开(事例、列举、比较、因果、假设、让步) Paragraph 3

Topic Sentence——引出第二个分论点展开(事例、列举、比较、因果、假设、让步) Paragraph 4

Topic Sentence——引出第三个分论点展开(事例、列举、比较、因果、假设、让步) Paragraph 5

再次总结观点。

结尾(提出警告、展望未来、权衡利弊、引用名言、反问加强)

观点的选择：尽量选择一方，中立也要有所倾向。

2. 分类梳理(形式分类下每类写3篇全文，内容分类下每类写3篇思路)：

①Agreeing or Disagreeing

Passage 1

What does the word “game” mean to you? Different people can tell different answers. Some may say “Game means to win”, and others may say “Game means to challenge ourselves.” However, in my point of view, having fun and enjoying the process are always the real meaning of the “game”. Accordingly, playing a game is fun no matter you lose or win, as long as you join it heart and soul.

First and foremost, participants are able to get great joy during the process of the game. A proverb has it that “the most important thing is to participate”. So even though the final result is not very satisfactory, or even worse, we can still find something precious and enjoyable when we join the game. For instance, I played a geography game with my classmates during the summer camp last year. Each group was asked to follow several clues and find the final destination with a GPS receiver. Though we came from different nations, my partners and I discussed thoroughly and cooperated closely. We successfully found the final position in a short time. Even though we only made it third, in other word we actually lost the game, we still had great fun and felt really proud of our dedicate collaboration.

Furthermore, beside success, failure can also teach us a lot and those we learned from failures may turn into greater happiness later. Life is always filled with bitter and sweet, so one can never expect to win all the time, even in the game. Although feeling frustrated and depressed, we can always draw some lessons and get precious experiences from those failures or debacles. It looks as if we lost a game, but in fact we acquired so many knowledge and skills which would help us a lot in the future and had a better understanding of our life. For example, a gifted basketball player might be selfish and overconfident when he enters a team. But after a fiasco, he is sure to understand that basketball is game of 5 people and start to enjoy the close collaboration with his teammates.

In conclusion, although victory can give us great happiness, it is not the only fun we can have from games. If we can treat failures with a positive attitude, we will be more likely to get greater achievements and joy in the future.

②Stating a Preference

Passage 1

“Every bean has its black”, as the saying goes. The rapid development of automobile industry has p more and more choices to consumers and made the transportation much more convenient than it used to be. Even though the prosperity of automobiles has also caused some thorny problems, I believe that its benefits are so great that it will be unfair to neglect them and emphasize the negative effects only.

Imagine living in a metropolis where neither cars nor buses can be available. How terrible could this be? It’s automobiles that has improved modern transportation greatly and connected different parts of the land together. Although more and more people choose to get work on foot or by bicycle, in order to reduce the air pollution, there are still over 80% of people, according to a recent survey, travel by automobile in the morning. Thus, automobiles are still the first choice when people go out because they’re fast, convenient and safe. There’s no doubt that automobiles have played such an important, even irreplaceable, role in the transportation nowadays that they are considered as a fundamental element of modern life.

On the other hand, it’s true that the development of automobiles has caused a series of issues. For example, cars all over the world will produce millions of tons of carbon dioxide each year, a number that is huge enough to increase the greenhouse effect and further heat up the Earth. Many other serious environmental problems like floods and droughts might come about afterwards. However, I have to say that though it looks as if those negative effects are inevitable, it doesn’t mean we have no idea to reach a balance between development and environment friendly. Many scientist and engineers are striving for a breakthrough in developing a new fuel that is clean, efficient, and

cheap. We have good reasons to believe that one day people will find the final answer to the conflict caused by automobiles and achieve real sustainable development.

As I have mentioned above, pollutions, traffic jam, noises, all of these can be great challenges for the development of automobiles. However, we cannot deny that automobiles have made significant contributions towards the modern society.

③Giving an Explanation

Passage 1

“Each has his own ideal”, as the saying goes. Different people may have different answer to the question “why do people attend universities?” Expecting to learn some advanced knowledge, dreaming about experiencing something new or exciting, meeting some lifetime friends. All of these can be reasons why people attend colleges and universities. However, in my opinion, people attend college or university mainly to find their real interest and design a blueprint for their own future, including their careers, workplaces, families, etc.

First of all, students are usually mature enough to start thinking about their future when they attend college or university. Take one of my friends, Inn, as an example. Inn always had many different thoughts when he was a high school student. He initially wanted to be a scientist, then an engineer like his father, and finally he told me that he found an interest in psychology when he graduated from high school. However, when he attended the university and really got the chance to think over and design his own future, he found that his real interest is architecture. So he chose architecture and design as his major and did an excellent job during his undergraduate studies. Now he’s pursuing for his graduate degree and preparing to go abroad to study with his girlfriend. It is university that gives Inn, as well as other people, I suppose, a chance to plan and prepare for their future carefully and helps them lead a

happy life.

So it’s right time for people to plan for their journey in front when they enter university and, in fact, university is the very place where they can choose their own directions freely and follow their bent. There are thousands of universities all over the world and in each country there are some good universities for its people to get high-quality education and prepare for their career. What’s more, each university or colleges consists of many different departments and schools so that it can offer students a large amount of courses in different areas. Accordingly, universities and colleges are ideal places for students to find a right track for their life and pursuing for the excellence on their own way.

In conclusion, as I have shown above, I think people attend college or university mainly for a good chance to find their life goals.

④Making an Argument

Passage 1

The Mid-autumn day, which is endowed with lots of meanings by Chinese people, is considered as one of the most important festivals in China. On this day, Chinese families will have a reunion and share a wonderful night together. Among all the activities we will do on the Mid-autumn day, viewing the moon is undoubtedly the most indispensible one. Just as the festival itself, moon-viewing is also granted with many beautiful feelings by Chinese people. So the Mid-autumn festival is the custom that I would like people from other countries to adopt.

First of all, the Moon on the Mid-autumn day is always the most beautiful one of the year. Not only because its brightness and fullness, but also its beauty and clearness can be shared by the whole family. On the dusk of Mid-autumn day, a bright Moon will come over the horizon as soon as the Sun goes down. Thus as long as the sky is clear, the Moon can be seen all night on Mid-autumn. That is to say, whenever the families go out, they can always find the gorgeous moon in the sky. Nowadays, people are always too busy to spend their precious time staying with their families; the Mid-autumn day, however, offers people a wonderful chance to have a family reunion

and communicate with their families. It would be such a nice thing if the family sat down together in the yard and watched the Moon blissfully.

If Moon viewing had the only meaning of family reunion or festival celebration, it wouldn’t be so widely considered as one of the most enjoyable event. When people look at the Moon on the Mid-autumn day, they are often amazed and they would immerse themselves in thought under the moonlight. The raw beauty and clearness of the Moon can always stir them to the depth of their souls and evoke the tenderest emotions in their hearts. Su Shi, one of the most famous poets in China, wrote down his best-known composition under the mid-autumn moon. People living in foreign places may also think of their family and friends in the far-away land; on the Mid-autumn night, when they look up the sky, the dazzling moon can be such a consolation.

In conclusion, as I’ve said above, viewing the moon on the Mid-autumn day is such an enjoyable tradition for Chinese people that I would like to introduce this beautiful custom to people from other countries. I hope all the people can find their beautiful “moon” on Mid-autumn night, as well as the precious emotions in their life.

第三篇：写作教学的分类教学

写作教学是语文老师最头痛的问题，它往往花去语文老师大量的时间和精力却收效甚微。因此，寻求比较科学的写作教学方法来指导学生写作，是一个亟待解决的问题。近几年来，笔者采用了分类教学的作文教学方法，取得了较好的效果。

第一类，优秀型。这类学生在班内往往只有几个。我对他们采用鼓励成功法和引进竞争法。我首先把自己写的日记和已发表过的文章给他们阅读，并指出只有用心去体会生活，才能发现生活中的真善美，写出有深意的作文，并要求他们一定要坚持勤写日记。然后我把他们写得好的作文或日记及时推荐给学校文学社发表，同时还在语文课上组织学生们来共同欣赏其写得精彩之处。

这样，不但有力地激发了该生的写作兴趣，还使他对写作过程的成功之处有更深刻的认识，从而使他的写作水平得到提高。另外，我用的这种成功鼓励法并不集中在一个优秀生身上，这次鼓励了甲，下次则鼓励乙，再下次则鼓励丙„„这样就把这些尖子引入了竞争之中，促使这些写作尖子的水平不断提高。

第二类，优良型。这类学生在班内稍多一些，他们混杂在写作水平中间的学生里面，由于没有受到语文老师的重视而未露头角。每逢新学年初，我抓住学生们都喜欢在新老师面前表现自我的心理特点，要求全班同学都写日记、写作文给老师批改，因而很快就发现这类被埋没了的“千里马”。

我用培养优秀生的同样方法来培养他们，同时要求他们勤写日记、认真写好每次作文，指导他们去涉猎课外读物，有意识地组织他们积极参加讲故事比赛、背诵诗歌比赛等，促进他们的阅读水平和写作水平得到同步提高。我认为对优良型学生的培养，关键是善于发现班内的写作人才，否则语文老师会像无知的“饲马者”那样，面对着有培养的人才而说没人才可培养。

第三类，中间型。我反复琢磨制约这类中间型学生写作难以进步的原因，原来是这类学生平时很少涉猎课外读物，因而阅读能力低下，词汇积累少，视野狭窄。我曾在初二学生中多次开展讲故事比赛活动，结果有过半的学生不敢参加，这类学生阅读能力低下得真叫人不敢相信。针对这些问题，我一方面组织他们学写日记，一方面教导他们要主动去涉猎课外读物，并组织他们参加背诵诗歌比赛、查字典比赛、剪报比赛，平时的作文批改则尽量找出他们的优点并加以鼓励。经过一个学年的教学，这类学生的写作才稍有提高。我深深体会到;这类学生的写作教学的收效期实在大长，老师们往往辛苦了半年、一年，还收效甚微，非有二年、三年的连续：工作不能根除这类学生怕写作文的心理，而山区中学不跟班教学的模式，又把这一大部分学生推进了写作教学被遗忘了的角落，这正是造成学生写作水平特别低下的原因之一。

第四类，后进型。这类学生占班内学生的20%左右，是近几年来新出现的群体。他们阅读能力较低，积累的词语很少，大多懒惰、自卑，平时连背一首诗、写一篇日记也不肯做。对这类学生，我便主动地亲近关心他们，引导他们从背诵、默写一首诗开始，使他们慢慢地从懒惰与自卑中解脱出来，从而对学习写作渐渐有了一些欲望。我把他们的写作要求放到最低的起点上，教他们从每天学造句、写一篇日记或抄一首短诗开始，只要他们肯认真去做，有一点进步，我就肯定他们，表扬他们，使他们树立起写作的信心。经我的长期努力，也曾转化了不少这类型学生。在转化这种低下型学生的教学工作中，又影响了班内写作水平中间的大多类同学，他们会感到既被优秀生所压抑，又被后进生所追赶的压力，因而产生一定要写好作文的强烈愿望。

作文教学的任务是极其艰难的，它绝不能靠一种、二种“特效”方法来解决大部分同学怕写作文的问题，只有运用分类教学法，对学生们在写作中存在的问题作实事求是的分析，用发展的而不是静止的、主动的而不是被动的、全面的而不是片面的教学思想来指导写作教学，抓住各种类型中的主要问题，将因材施教、循序渐进、启发诱导的原则落到实处，苦干二年、三年，我们才能取得写作教学上的丰硕成果。