第一篇：分类作文a范文
高二数学 分类计数原理与分步计算原理同步教案 新人教A版1
《分类加法计数原理和分步乘法计数原理》教案
李应钊
2009212042
一、教学目标
知识与技能：理解分类加法计数原理与分步乘法计数原理;会利用两个原理分析和解决一些简单的实际问题。
过程与方法：通过诱导，探索得出结论，培养学生的理解能力和抽象概括能力;通过知识应用培养学生的分析和解决问题的能力。
情感、态度与价值观：通过实例引入体会数学来源生活，并为生活服务，激发学生学习本章的兴趣;通过探索与发现的过程，使学生体会数学研究的成功与快乐，学会提出问题、分析问题、解决问题，激发学生勇于探索，敢于创新的精神，优化学生的思维品质。
二、重点与难点
重点：理解分类加法原理与分步乘法计数原理;并能根据具体问题的特征，选择分类加法原理与分步乘法计数原理解决一些简单的实际问题。
难点：正确理解“完成一件事情”的具体含义，能根据具体问题的特征，正确选择分类加法计数原理与分步乘法计数原理解决计数问题。
关键：使学生从实例分析和例题学习中，正确认识分类和分步的特征。
三、教学方法：
本节课采用问题式教学为主线，辅以启发式、探究式、自主式、讨论式的教学方式。 教学辅助手段：多媒体辅助教学。
四、教学过程
1.创设情境，激发兴趣。
2011年10月16日，第七届城市运动会在南昌开幕，其中乒乓球比赛项目17日至24日在“乒乓球市”新余举行，共有25支代表队参加比赛。问:(1)在男单比赛中，若采用小组单循环赛，已知第一小组有A、B、C、D、四人，那么第一小组共有多少场比赛，你能一一列举出来吗?(2)比赛分循环赛、淘汰赛、交叉赛，总共有多少场比赛?
2、实例分析，归纳概念
问题
1、从天津到大连，有四种交通工具供选择：汽车、火车、飞机、轮船。已知每天汽车有1班，火车有4班，飞机有2班，轮船有2班。问共有多少种走法? 设问1：从天津到大连按交通工具可分____类方法?
第一类方法, 乘汽车，有___ 种方法; 第二类方法, 乘火车，有___ 种方法; 第三类方法，乘飞机，有___ 种方法; 第四类方法，乘轮船，有___ 种方法; ∴ 从甲地到乙地共有__________ 种方法
设问2：如果完成一件事有四类不同方案，在第1类方案中有m1种不同的方法，在第2类方案中有m2种不同的方法，在第3类方案中有m3种不同的方法，在第4类方案中有m4种不同的方法，那么完成这件事共有多少种不同的方法?
设问3:如果完成一件事情有n类不同方案，在每一类中都有若干种不同方法，那么应当如何计数呢? 一般归纳：
完成一件事情，有n类办法，在第1类办法中有m1种不同的方法，在第2类办法中有m2种不同的方法……在第n类办法中有mn种不同的方法.那么完成这件事共有N=m1+m2+…+mn
种不同的方法.称为分类加法计数原理，简称加法原理。
问题2：从A村去B村的道路有3条，从B村去C村的道路有2条，从C村去D村的道路有3条(如图所示)。李明要从A村先到B村，再经过C村，最后到D村，一共有多少条线路可以选择?
设问1：(1)整个行程必须通过几个步骤? 第一步, 由A村到B村有___种方法 第二步, 由B村到C村有____种方法, 第三步, 由C村到D村有____种方法, ∴从A村到D村共有_______种方法。 引导学生类比归纳：
完成一件事情，需要分成n个步骤，做第1步有m1种不同的方法，做第2步有m2种不同的方法……做第n步有mn种不同的方法.那么完成这件事共有N=m1m2…mn种不同的方法.称为分步乘法计数原理，简称乘法原理
这两个原理有什么联系与区别?(学生归纳，教师随机板书)
分类计数与分步计数原理的区别和联系：
联系
加法原理
乘法原理
“完成一件事”的计数方法
完成一件事共有n类办法，关键
区别 词是“分类”
每类办法中的每一种方法都能
完成一件事共分n个步骤， 关键词是“分步”
各步中的任何一种方法都不能独立完独立完成这件事情。(类类独立) 成这件事情，只有每个步骤完成了，才
各类方法数相加
能完成这件事情。(步步关联) 各步方法数相乘
3、合作学习，形成认识
例
1、在1,2,3，……，200中，能够被5整除的数共有多少个? 教师设置如下问题：
在本题中“完成一件事”指的是什么? 完成这件事是分类还是分步?具体怎么做? 根据什么原理计算得出结果是多少? 解：能够被5整除的数，末位数字是0或5;
因此，把1,2,3，···，200中能够被5整除的数分成两类来计数： 第一类：末位数字是0的数，一共有20个。
第二类：末位数字是5的数，一共有20个。
根据加法原理，在1,2,3，···，200中，能够被5整除的数共有20+20=4个。
例
2、有一项活动，需在3名教师，8名男生和5名女生中选人参加。(1)若只需1人参加，有多少种选法?(2)若需教师、男生、女生各1人参加，有多少种选法?
教师组织三位学生合作解决问题，其中甲问乙答丙补充，引导甲问如下3个问题：
(1)在本题中“完成一件事”指的是什么? (2)完成这件事是分类还是分步?具体怎么做? (3)根据什么原理计算得出结果是多少? 乙作答，丙完善补充：
第(1)问：选一人参加活动，分三类。第一类:选一名教师，有3种;第二类：选一名男生，
有8种;第三类，选一名女生，有5种。由加法原理，共有N=3+8+5=16种选法。第(2)问：需选三人参加活动，分三步完成。第一步:选一名教师，有3种;第二步：选一名男生，有8种;第三步，选一名女生，有5种。由乘法原理，共有N=3×8×5=120种选法。
4、自主探究，深化理解
练习1：课本第5页练习并组织学生作答。
练习2：①在所有的两位数中,个位数字大于十位数字的两位数共有多少个?
②一种号码拨号锁有4个拨号盘，每个拨号盘上有从0到9共10个数字，这4个拨号盘可以组成多少个四位数号码?
练习3：(课本练习拓展题)有10本不同的数学书，9本不同的语文书，8本不同的英语书，从中任取2本不科目同的书，有多少种取法?
5、总结反思，提高认识 你在本节课学到了什么? 一个中心问题：计数问题
两个基本原理：
1、分类计数原理：
2、分步计数原理：
三个思维关键:
1、明确完成一件事的含义;
2、分清分类(类类独立)与分步(步步关联);
3、分类、分步标准明确,分类不重不漏，分步步骤完整。
6、布置作业，知识拓展 P5习题1-1:第
3、
4、5题
附：板书设计
分类加法计数原理和分步乘法计数原理
分类加法计数原理
例1
分步乘法计数原理
例2
第二篇：A级作文
Effective Practical English Writing for Students
一. 社交与商务写作
1.询问信(Letter of Inquiry)
询问信是我们收集信息,获取所要服务,样品,价目表等的重要手段。相应的回复信要先说明收到对方来信,阐明所提供的帮助有哪些,或委婉拒绝给予所提的要求,并对此做一解释。
November 29,2004 Dear Mr. Peter Kevil,
I am pleased to write to you for some information about the jet printer produced in your company.
I would like to buy it, and I will be very grateful if you could give me information about the price and the service after sale.
Your prompt reply will be highly appreciated.
Sincerely ,
David Johnson 常用句型
• 1.开场白(写信目的及自我介绍) • We learned from your advertisement that you are… • I am a … who is fond of… • I plan to visit…
• I am writing to inquire about… 2.提出要求
• Kindly send me your…
• I shall be glad if you send me by mail as following: • I would like to get more details of… • I wonder if there is…
• Please let me know if I could… 3.结束语(表示感谢和期待) *Thank you for your assistance. I look forward to hearing from you. * I would be grateful if you could give me a prompt reply. *Your favorable attention to my request would be highly appreciated.
2.邀请信(Letter of Invitation)
邀请信在社交活动中应用广泛,特别是在各大型招待会、宴会、婚礼、庆祝会等场合。
邀请信的复信要求简明扼要。接受邀请的信中应重复邀请信中的某些内容,如邀请时间。
谢绝的回复信中应阐明不能应邀的原因。
July 15,2006 Dear Marry and Jack, We are planning a party in our home at 4:00 p.m. on Saturday, July 22. We wonder if you would liketo join us. There is a new swimming pool and you can come with your beautiful swimming suites.We will be expecting you on Saturday. Please let me know if you can make it.
Yours ever,
Mr. and Mrs. White
1 常用句型(正式邀请) 1. We are pleased to invite… to visit…
2. You are warmly invited to attend… 3. Please confirm that you will be able to attend…
4. We would like to invite you to a reception in honour of…
5. It would give us great pleasure to have your presence at the ceremony to be held on Tuesday at Royal Hotel. 6.It would be a great honour to have your presence at the dinner.
3. 感谢信(Letter of Thanks)
受到外国团体或友人的热情款待、收到别人赠送的礼物、得到别人帮助或为了感谢他人提供的就业机会时,都应写信表示感谢。其特点是: 时间及时、简明扼要、着重事由、感情真挚。
March 8,2004 Dear Mrs. Tang, I would like to take this opportunity t o express my heartfelt thanks to your hospitality. Thank you for the unforgettable visit to so many interesting places. It is the first time in my life that I have enjoyed the wonderful views of the Imperial Palace, the Summer Palace and the Great Wall. Because of your well-planned arrangement, I really spent three pleasant days in Beijing. Again, thanks so much for your kindness.
Yours sincerely, Alice Brown 常用句型
• I am writing to thank you for the memorable weekend I had at your home. • Thank you so much for…
• The kindness of friendship has warmed me greatly. • It is so thoughtful of you to remember my birthday. • I am writing on behalf of … to thank you for your kindness and hospitality extended to us on our visit to… • How delightful to receive your… 4. 祝贺信
在西方,逢年过节 、升迁、毕业、获得成就时,都可能收到亲朋好友或其他组织的祝贺信,使你倍感喜悦、温暖。信要写得亲切、真诚、充满热情。 Dear Mr. Smith,
It was delighted news for me to learn of the establishment of your own Foreign Language Training Center. Please accept my most sincere congratulations.
With your brilliant background and outstanding achievement, I believe the new centre will make a contribution to the development of education. I am sure it will be a great success.
Yours sincerely,
Tom 常用句型 1.祝贺升迁
• I wish to congratulate you on your successful
performance. • I am so delighted to learn that you have been promoted as a…
2 • Congratulations on your promotion! 2.祝贺订婚、结婚
• What a delighted surprise to know you are married! • Allow me to offer my sincere congratulations to you. • I’m delighted to /pleased to hear that you are engaged.
5.慰问信
亲友、同事或他人生病、去世、受伤、遭遇不幸和蒙受损失时,往往写慰问信以表示同情。虽然其格式与普通书信基本相同,但要规范、简短、感情真诚。
January 16, 2006 Dear Tom,
We are saddened to know that you are in hospital, and on behalf of everyone I send you best wishes for a full and speedy recovery.
We will visit you when you are feeling better. Please let us know if there is anything you need in hospital. Please don’t worry about your work, as we are looking after everything for you during your absence.
Yours sincerely,
Mike 常用句型
• I am sorry at the news that your house was on fire yesterday. • I was shocked to hear of Mary’s death and wish to extend our sympathy to you and your children. • I just can’t tell you how sorry I was to listen of /that… • Please let us know if there is anything you need in hospital. • All of us were saddened /distressed/grieved to know…
6. 求职信(Letter of Application)
求职信属于一种重要的个人公务信函。通常是在信中提及一些重要的事实,然后附上一份个人简历。
June 25, 2004 Dear Sir or Madam,
It is my pleasure to apply for the position of the General Manager’s secretary in your company, which you have advertised in China Daily last week.
I am 24 and graduated from Longjiang Technical College with excellent academic records in all courses. While I majored in Business Administration, I am skillful at shorthand and typing with a speed of 90 and 70 words per minute respectively.
I am enclosing my resume and a recent photograph.
I look forward to your early reply.
Yours
faithfully,
Wang Manli
3 常用句型
• In answer to your advertisement in …for a …, I would like to apply for the position. • I have learned from…that your firm is looking for a … and I would like to apply for this job. • I am writing in response to the advertisement you placed in… for…, I have pleasure in applying for the post. • Born in … in…, I graduated from … University majoring in… • I have been working in … since my graduation.
7.投诉信( Letter of Complaint)
投诉信用于向某单位或某公司的负责人提出的不满和意见。 常用句型: • I am writing about … I bought in your shop/ store … when I was in… • I am quite annoyed at this. • I am dissatisfied with your…
• I demand your attention and a refund as soon as possible.
December 23, 2001 Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing about a camera I bought in your shop last month when I was on business in Guangzhou. I took a lot of pictures with it.However, when I arrived home and got the film developed, there is nothing on the picture! I guess there must be something wrong with the camera.
I am quite annoyed at this because at your price I expect the top quality. I have sent the camera back to you by post with a copy of the receipt, and I demand your attention and a refund as soon as possible.
Looking forward to an early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Wang Lan
二、常见应用文体写作 1.简历 (Resume) 简历一般包括: 1) 个人信息: 姓名、地址、联系方式、特长(专业表现、科研能力、语言能力等) 。 2) 求职意向: 应聘岗位或工作领域。 3) 教育背景: 学历、学位、培训经历。
4) 工作经历: 以前从事的工作。如果是应届毕业生,可填写兼职、实习内容、社会工作等。 5) 其他: 奖励、证书、作品、兴趣及证明人或介绍信。 2002,12 B
Resume
Name: Li Aihua
Sex: male
Date of birth: May 16, 1980
Marital Status: single
Address: 61 Fuxing Road, Beijing
Job Objective: seeking a job as a computer programmer
Education: I graduated from the Computer Department of Huaguang Technical College with
excellent scores in 2001.
Foreign Languages: I have been studying English for three yeas at college. I am able to read proficiently and communicate fluently in English.
Hobbies: swimming and going online
2.广告(Advertisement)
一个广告要想吸引消费者的注意力一般要做到: 用词简单、朗朗上口;句式结构简单、短促有力;采用多种表达方式,符合大众的消费心理。
Job Vacancy (招聘广告)
Whirlpool Company has 20 branches throughout the country and the Headquarters of it is in Tianjin. The company is famous for its manufacture and marketing of electrical appliances. It is seeking for a sales manager now. Qualifications:
Chinese citizenship, aged 35～40
College diploma in Marketing, Economics or related fields
Minimum of 5 years of experience in sales management
Proficiency in English speaking and writing
Willingness to travel frequently
Skills in computer operating Contact: Mr. John Smith
Tel: 24876669 常用句型
• …offers you the job opportunity of…
• 2～3 relevant working experience in Quality or Manufacturing environment, experience in joint venture preferably. • • • • Essential qualities are sales leadership, marketing and relationship management. Qualified applicants will have interviews. Good command of English is required. Candidates should go for business trip all over China frequently.
3.预订(Reservation)
这类信件格式简明,但内容具体,如需要预订房间、座位或机票的等级、类型、数量,以及预订的具体日期等。有的预订须注明付款方式。
December 5 Dear Sir or Madam,
We’d like to reserve a single room and a three double rooms both with baths in your hotel from December 25 to 27. A meeting room will also be wanted for business negotiation on the afternoon of December 26.
We will be expecting an early reply from you about the possibility of such a reservation, the charge and whether a deposit is needed.
Thanks for your attention.
Yours sincerely,
Li Qiang
5 常用句型
• On Jan. 10 I reserved two tables for 12 people for breakfast at 9 in the morning. • There has been a change in our plans and occasion will have to be postponed until…at… • If you accommodate us, please let us know the price of the tickets so we send you a check without delay. • Please send me confirmation of this change in flight schedule.
4. 便条、留言条(Notes and Messages)
便条、留言条主要用于家人、同学、朋友和同事之间。格式简单，语言简洁。内容包括:日期、称呼、正文、署名等项。
留言条
June,12 Mary,
I didn’t see you this morning. Here is a piece of good news for you. There will be a fashion show tomorrow evening a the Exhibition Center. It must be wonderful. Shall we go there? Let’s meet at the school gate tomorrow at 6 p.m.
Mike
请假条
Tuesday Mr. smith,
I’m awfully sorry that I cannot attend the meeting to be held this Friday. I’ve got a cold and the doctor said I must stay in bed for a couple of days. So I’m writing to ask for a leave of three days. I hope that my request will be given due consideration.
Encl. Doctor’s Certificate (医生证明)
Linda
5.通知与启事(Notices)
Notice在英文中可以指书面的通知、公告、启事或海报。主要是向公众或有关人士发布信息。有时也称作 Announcement 。文通知的格式与中文通知大体相同,由标题、正 文、落款(或时间)三部分组成。
1.内容简洁清楚;
2.多采用被动语态，人称用第三人称;
3.注意使用固定的句型或套语
Contribution Wanted (征稿启事)
Our English Corner has drawn extensive attention from English readers and is becoming popular. For the sake of publishing more good English writings, we seek for contribution from all walks of life. College students, English learners, foreign students and friends are all welcome. Your contribution should meet the following requirements.
(1) A short story
(2) Anecdotes happening around you
The article should be limited to 500 words.
The article should be addressed to :
Wang Ping
Beihai Evening Post
No.10 Xinmin Street
Beihai 230034
Or send us E-mail: Monuica@public.cc.cngd.com
Notice of Speech To: Students
Date: June 10, 2002 From: The Students’ Union Reporter: Mr. John Smith, a well-known professor Time: 7:00 p.m. next Friday Place: The Lecture Hall Subject: Talking about the economic development and the future of the light industry in China after China’s entering WTO.
Note: Students who are interested can ask Li Ming for tickets. He will be available in Room 601 Building 5, from 7 p.m. to 9 p.m. every evening. 常用句型
• All are warmly welcomed. • We are pleased to inform that… • This is to inform that…
• A lecture will be held in …(place) on…(date). • All are expected to attend the seminar.
6.海报(Posters)
海报是人们日常生活中极为常见的一种招贴形式，多用于电影、戏曲、比赛、文艺演出等活动。海报中通常要写清楚活动的性质，活动的主办单位、时间、地点等内容。
海报的格式，通常有三部分组成，即标题、正文与落款。
ENGLISH SPEECH CONTEST
Hosted by the Student Union of the School of Foreign Language Studies, an English Speech Contest will be held in No. 4 Classroom of the Teaching Building at 7:30 p.m., September 26, 2006.
All are cordially welcomed.
The Student Union
September 14, 2006 常用句型
• Hosted / Sponsored by …, an English speech competition titled CCTV Cup will be held…
• There is going to be a friendly and wonderful basketball match between … and …
under the auspices of…. • All are cordially welcomed. • Your presence/ participation will be a great support to us.
7.备忘录(Memorandum or Memo)
备忘录主要用来提醒督促对方或就某一问题提出意见。是一种记录诸如情况汇报、问题处理、责任分工等内容以备忘的文体。
Memo Date: December 28, 2004 To: Mr. Gates, leader of the Supply Section From: Li Ming of the Business English Class Subject: Borrowing one VCD Dear Sir,
I’m a student of the Business English Class and we are badly in need of a VCD in order to have a New Year’s party. Our party will start on Friday, so please lend a VCD to us so that we can prepare better for the party.
With kind regards
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming 8.证明信(Letter of Certification)
证明信是用来证明一个人的身份、学历、婚姻状况、身体情况等或某一件事情的真实情况，使有关人士或部门阅后相信某人某事，从而给予方便办理的证明。
写证明信要求言简意赅、明确肯定，称呼多用”To Whom It May Concern”，意即“有关负责人”。
To Whom It May Concern, This is to certificate that Mr. Wang Ling is invited to go on a four-week tour to USA. He has been given $500 in advance for the initial expense after his arrival in USA. He needs to exchange these $500 into traveler’s checks. Any help offered to him in this regard will be much appreciated.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ning 常用句型
• To whom it may concern: 致有关人士 • This is to certify that…兹证明……
• Any help offered to him in this regard will be much appreciated. • This certificate is awarded to… First Prize at the … • Somebody’s working experiences are as followed.
三、商务书信
1.建立商业关系(Establishing Business Relations)
一家公司要开展业务必须与其他公司或客户进行联系,联系的方式多种多样,书信是比较正式又常见的形式。这种建立业务关系的信件至少包括三方面的内容:
(1)信息来源,即说明得知对方商号、地址等信息的途径及写信意图。
(2) 介绍本公司的经营范围及资讯。
(3) 表示建立业务关系的愿望。
(卖方写信)
October 10, 2006 Dear Sir or Madam,
We are given your name and address by the Chamber of Commerce(商会), China, who informed us that you are in the market for Personal Computers.
We are one of the largest computer producers in our country and have handled with
8 various kinds of the products for over 15 years. Now we’d like to get in touch with you in the hope of establishing business relations with you and expect to increase our business scope.
To acquaint you with our business lines, we are enclosing a copy of our illustrated catalogue covering the main items available at present. If you are interested in any of the items, please let us know by fax. We will give you our lowest quotations and try our best to comply with your requirement.
We are sincerely looking forward to your early reply.
Yours faithfully,
Mark Hamilton
( 买方写信)
November 12, 2006 Dear Sir of Madam,
Having obtained your name and address from Anderson Co., we are writing to you in the hope of establishing business relations with you.
We have imported Arts & Crafts for many years. At present, we are interested in various kinds of Chinese Arts and Crafts and should appreciate your catalogue and quotations.
If your prices are in line , we trust that important business can materialize.
We are looking forward to receiving your early reply.
Yours faithfully,
Mark Hamilton 常用词汇和短语
• be in the market for sth. 准备买某物
• to increase one’s business scope
扩大业务范围 • We are enclosing( enclose)…
现随函附上……
• fall ( come ) within the scope of our business activities
属于我们的经营范围 • a general idea
概况
full details
详情
• specific inquiry
具体询价
favorable reply
满意的答复 • obtain one’s name and address from…
从某处获悉……的姓名和地址
• appreciate your catalogue and quotation
感谢你们的目录和报价 。 (在商业信函中表示感谢, appreciate用得较普遍, thank you用得较少,只有在收到东西后才用thank you) • in line (with)
符合……, 与……相符 常用句型
• You are recommended to our company by… • We have obtained your name and address from…
• We are experiences manufacturers and exporters of…, and are enjoying a good reputation all over the world. • We are willing to establish trade relations with your company. • We are writing to you in the hope of establishing business relations with you. → • Being specialized in manufacture and export of this line, we express our desire to trade with you.
9 • • • • • We are enclosing our latest illustrated catalogue together with the price list . We expect that you will let us have your specific inquiry as soon as possible. Your early response will be very much appreciated. We look forward to hearing from you soon. We sincerely hope that this, our first transaction together, will be the beginning of the long and pleasant business cooperation. 2.询价(Inquiry)
询价是买方向卖方询问某种商品的价格。写询价信时,至少要包括以下三个方面的内容:
(1)介绍写信的起因。 (2) 明确说明所需商品的名称,以及希望对方提供信息的具体内容,如可向对方索要产品价格单、目录、样品、规格、品质、包装、交货期、支付方 式等方面。 (3)表示要与对方进一步密切业务联系或表明达成交易的确良好愿望。
October 20,2006 Dear Sirs,
We have learned from your national trade journal that you manufacture a range of high fashion handbags. We operate a quality retail business and although our sales volume is not large, we obtain high prices for our high quality goods.
Would you please send us a catalogue and price list, and tell us your terms of business and delivery date?
We look forward to your early reply.
Yours faithfully,
Mark Hamilton
November 29, 2006 Dear Mr. Peter Kevil,
I am pleased to write to you for some information about the jet printer produced in your company.
I’d like to buy it, and I will be very grateful if you could give me information about the prices and the service after sale.
Your prompt reply will be highly appreciated.
Sincerely yours,
David Johnson 常用句型
• We are in the market for… • We are interested in your…
• We learn from your advertisement in… that your are manufacturers/ exporters… • I am pleased to write to you for some information about…
• We shall be glad if you will send us your catalogue together with quotations. • We would appreciate your letting us have full information regarding export prices, terms of payment, earliest delivery date and quantity discount. • We look forward to your prompt and favorable reply. • We hope to hear you at your earliest convenience. 3.报盘(Offer)
盘也称发盘或报价，法律上称之为要约通常是卖方应买方询价的要求发出。完整的报盘应包括商品名称、品质、规格、数量、单价、交货期、付款方式等主要交易条件。
10 写这类信件时，注意要包括以下三方面内容：
1.首先应有礼貌地感谢对方的询价。
2.然后应该按对方要求介绍自己商品品质、 规格、价格等主要交易条件。
3.最后应表达写信人希望对方早日答复并达 成交易的愿望。
April 18, 2006 Dear Sirs,
Thank you for your inquiry of 12 April. We now have pleasure in enclosing full particulars of the electronic components that we manufacture for export and a copy of our price list.
In view of high quality of our products, we believe that you will agree that the prices, which are all inclusive of CFR to London, are very competitive. Payment should be made by bill of exchange payable within 60 days after sight. We will also be pleased to allow you a cash discount of 5% if you are willing to complete payment within 30 days of invoice date. All orders will be sent to you within three days upon receipt of your firm order.
We look forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely,
Mark Hamilton
Sales Manager 4.订购( Order) 一般来说，订购信函至少应包括以下内容：
1.商品名称、型号、规格、颜色以及其他相关信息 2.数量 3.装运日期及方法 4.
商品单价 5.包装 6.
付款方式
June 15, 2005 Dear Mr. Holland,
How about your recent work and life? I’m Li Hua, the manager of the marketing department in Daniel Trade Company. I wish we would have a good cooperation between us. I am writing to you to push a quick payment of $10,000 for the products which our company sold to you. The payment is 10 days behind the schedule and it is overdue. Please find the enclosed catalogue of our summer products. I hope Mr. Holland will send new order as soon as possible, and you can enjoy the special offers from our company if you make early orders
We’re looking forward to your prompt reply.
Yours faithfully,
Li Hua 常用句型
• We thank you for your letter of …(date), sending us…
• We are pleased to enclose our purchase order No…. for …
• If you can guarantee punctual delivery, we can place considerable orders with you. • If the quality and delivery proves to be satisfactory, we will give you larger order in the future. • We shall book a trial order with you, provided you will give us a 5% commission. • We find the quality is good and your business terms are satisfactory. • We are sorry to have to tell you that we cannot supply the goods you ordered
11 on…because… • • • • We regret we are unable to supply what you require just now. We shall be much obliged if you will effect shipment as soon as possible. Thank you for your letter of June 9 enclosing your order No. 437. We assure you that we will give our best attention to the execution of this order. 12
第三篇：英语作文A letter for a leave
A letter for a leave 12th December 2013 Mr. Grace Brown English Department Head Huangpu Middle School Room 2602, Huangpu Dadao 32, Tianhe District, Guangzhou
Huangpu Middle School
Tianhe District, Guangzhou
Dear Mr. Brown RE: Order Number RB27531
A critical pedagogy training programme will be held next term in Shanghai Only international pedagogy training center. I was invited to attend the training next term. I would be grateful if you could permit my leaving next term.
Now it is the first term that I have been here. I really enjoy working in this school, while learning a lot from our colleagues. But as a new teacher here, I still have some puzzles and find it hard to deal with some problems. Do you remember that I have mentioned them during the department meeting last week? It seems that some of the puzzles are rather common among our colleagues, especially methods on improving students’ writing ability and language learning strategies. We know that the students in our school are weak in writing compared to students in other Schools. The programme is especially famous for its writing teaching. What’s more, it will cover some of the latest scientific studies on teaching methods and classroom management. We know that teaching standard is essential to our school development. In my opinion, we still have a long way to go in terms of teaching standard.
Another point I’d like to mention is that the programme will cost 2,000rmb. So I am also writing to inquire whether the school would pay all or some of the course fees if I get the permission. Since I have got much information of the pedagogy training programme, I think it is worthwhile to spend the time and money. In the long run, it would benefit our school greatly.
I sincerely hope I could have an opportunity to attend the training. I apologize for the inconvenience my absence may cause. Would you be kind enough to inform me at your earliest convenience? I can be contacted on 188888888 or VV@hotmail.com. Thanks a lot. Yours sincerely
V L.
第四篇：A类作文(七年级)
对我影响最大的一个人
生命的小舟在长河中乘风破浪，渴望有一天能驶入希冀的海洋。回眸这一段流动着赤橙黄绿青蓝紫的成长历程，对母亲，我从心底涌起一股感激。
虎啸深山，鱼翔浅底，驼走大漠，世间万物个有属于自己的一片天地。找准标准，绽放属于自己的光彩，就将收获一份感动与喜悦。这是我母亲教会我的。
记忆随着时光的倒流来到小学四年级时期。有一段时间，我很迷茫，不知道自己该做什么，就这样过一天算一天，丝毫没有做到班长应该做的事。把每一天都当作梦中的流浪，独自走在追逐缪斯的路上，得过且过。班主任找我谈过好几次话，人没有改变我。周末，妈妈回来了，她语重心长地对我说：“老师和同学们选你担任班长是对你的信任，你不能光享受别人对你的给予，你要以令他们满意的面貌去回报他们。雷锋，那是和谐社会的螺丝钉：焦裕禄，那是两袖清风的丰碑，你要知道你在班级中的位置，要做好自己该做的事，你明白吗?”望着妈妈略带哀愁，饱含希望的目光，我决定改变自己，尽到自己应尽的责任。
妈妈的话讲时刻鼓舞我，现在的我是一个有责任心，能力强的班干部，我感谢妈妈! 如果我是山，就要站成一种尊严，让山花烂漫，山风佛面，让我的价值在太阳下展现;如果我是水，就要流成一种磅礴，让小船远航，鱼儿欢畅，让我的价值迎风吟唱。找准位置，像蛟龙越过浅滩，像雄鹰搏击苍穹。
妈妈，是你塑造了今天的我，我将用优异的成绩、辉煌的成就来回报您。我将甘洒一路汗水，争得青春无悔。
我 爱 我 家
家是冬日的阳光，在失望时带来温暖;家是坚固的小船，在困难时驶向彼岸;家是拂面的春风，在懦弱时带来希望。我有一个温暖的家，爸爸、妈妈和我，我爱我家。 记得小时候有一次下雪了，天气非常寒冷，贪玩的我在和同学打雪仗时弄丢了妈妈才给我买的手套，自己却不知道，直到第二天早上要戴时，才发现不见了。心中不停的责怪自己，却又不敢给妈妈说，怕她会生气。几天下来，手冻的通红，自己使劲的搓，觉得这是对自己的惩罚。有一天，爸爸来接我回家，见我的手一直缩在袖子里，关心的问：“怎么了?很冷吗?”说着拉起我的手，又问：“怎么不戴手套，手这么凉的。”我不说话，他把我的手放在他的手里，用它的手的温度，来温暖我的手，也温暖着我的心。回到家，妈妈就问我：“手套呢?这么冷的天怎么不戴。”“我不小心弄丢了，”我低着头小声说。我本以为妈妈一定会狠狠地批评我，而妈妈却是关切的问：“怎么不早给妈妈说，大冬天的，多冷啊!”说完后，就去穿外套。“妈妈再去给你买一双。”说着走出门去。一股暖流流入我心中。 我爱我的家，爱这个充满了爱的家，爱这个家中的每一个家庭成员。
我 的 老 妈
人人都说我的老妈非常和蔼可亲，要我说，才不是呢!俗话说：“六月的天，孩子的脸，说变就变。”我觉得我老妈的脸变得比六月的天还要快!不信?听我对你说说吧。 有一天晚上，我在房间做作业，不知怎么就被桌旁的小说迷住了。我聚精会神地看起那本小说，作业早就忘得一干二净了。老妈一次又一次地催促我，我却把老妈的话当耳边风。时间过得真快，转眼就到了10点，老妈再也忍不住了，她开始大发雷霆。老妈发起火来可不得了，连小草都吓得往土里缩，小花怕得喊救命，我就不用说了，更是心惊肉跳的。老妈最后还动手了，“啪啪啪”，巴掌打在我身上，我疼得哇哇大叫。老妈气呼呼地说：“看，我的手都打肿了!”我心想：哼，你那个算什么?你打得我身上青一块紫一块的，走路还一拐一拐的呢!你还想让我对你说声谢谢呀!真是的，老妈的手是用铁做的还是钢做的，打人这么疼!哼，真是世上只有妈妈坏呀!
第二天，老妈亲切地对我说：“蓓蓓，知道我为什么打你吗?我是恨铁不成钢呀!你这么晚都不睡觉，把身体都搞垮了，学习怎么能进步呢?再说，那样对视力是很不好的!”听了老妈的话，我深有感触。看来，老妈还是挺关心我的嘛。
还有一次，我考试考得很不理想。放学后，我提心吊胆地走在回家的路上，心想，今天肯定没好日子过了，要等着挨老妈骂了!我越想越害怕，脚步也越来越慢。回到家，还没等老妈开口，我的眼泪就掉下来了。出乎意料的是，老妈看了
试卷后，不但没有骂我，反而还笑了笑，对我说：“蓓蓓，你这次考试不太理想哦!不过没关系，分数并不是最重要的，你要下定决心，再努力、再加油，排除万难，争取下次取得好成绩，知道了吗?”我点点头，心里如释重负，哎，看来世上只有妈妈好啊! 瞧，这就是我的老妈，你们看，她是不是像六月的天，孩子的脸一样，说变就变?
爱 在 左 右
你洗着满满一大盆衣服，在卫生间里，你坐着一个小板凳，旁边胡乱摆着肥皂盒、洗衣粉，那个塑料绿盆里，都是我的衣服。我发现你的背不知什么时候变驼了，这样洗衣服一定很吃力吧。我手里一本书无聊的翻着，却一页也看不下去。看到这个背影，我想到了很多……“我上学去了，妈!”“等等，”你突然喊道，“你的扣子”你指了指地上，原来我的扣子掉了。“没事，不碍事，”我手一挥，“中午来了再说吧，不就一个扣子。”“没事，我赶紧给你缝好!”你拽我到了一个凳子上。你蹲着，我坐着。你拿起针线，熟练地穿上了针，在我衣服间穿针引线。看到你眼花缭乱的动作，我想起了小时候，总是以你会熟练的缝衣服引以为豪，这个动作总是让小时的我神往不已。时间一分一秒的过去，你的腿早麻了。“妈，我脱了你坐下缝吧。”“不，我不累，天冷，别着凉。”你总是这样倔强。终于缝好了，我站起来，去上学去。你不停揉着腰，活动着脚，还对我说了声“小心点。”
一个阴沉的下午，我拖着沉重的腿，慢慢走向家门。站在门前，我犹豫了好久，才敲开了门。“放学了，快进来，喝点水!”面对你的的眼睛，我不知该怎样开口。“妈，我们考试了，我才考了71”我吞吞吐吐的说。“没事的，一次考试说明不了什么。”“可我原先都能考九十多，这次发挥失常了。”“妈不说你，我看看你怎么错的。”许久，你说：“你只是粗心，以后多做点题就行。”我知道，我再粗心也不可能考成这样，你是为了安慰我。不过，你每天晚上都给我指导数学，下一次考试，我终于在你的帮助下得了98。
那一个晚上，天很热，我睡觉时身上全是汗，热的翻来翻去就是睡不着。 你说：“你睡吧，我给你扇扇子。” 在一阵阵凉风下，我渐渐睡去了。我睡得极香，等我起来上厕所，我才知道，这凉风伴了我大半夜。你怕我吹风扇着凉，就一直扇着。往事像电影一样回顾，原来爱一直在我左右。有了爱，生活一直丰富多彩。想了半天，我才想起帮一下为了我而劳累的你。我走到你身边，我才发现你多了几缕白发。“妈，我来吧!”“哦，不用了，玩去吧!”我想，不久就是您的生日了，在那天我想对你说出一直憋在心里的一句话：我爱你，妈妈。谢谢您对我永恒的爱。
这 就 是 我
茫茫宇宙，广阔无垠的世界，苍茫的大地，而我却是如此的渺小，如此的微不足道，也许我无法像伟人一样为世界为国家做出贡献，但我并不想做平庸和碌碌无为的人。即使我的人生并不是那么的有闪光点，但我也要充实地过好每一天，让自己的人生富有意义。
我——余欣诺，一个平凡的少年。我小小的名字中包含着父母对我人生的期待与希望。“余”这个姓氏并不多见，但姓“余”的人有很多有着伟大成功业绩。例如：当代作家余秋雨，创作了许多文学作品，为中国的文学事业做出了贡献。余文乐：当红影星，拍过《春娇与志明》《头文字d》等电影，为中国的电影事业做出了贡献。
“欣”这个字可以体现出父母希望我可以做个欣欣向荣的人，有着蓬勃生命力、坚强的人。“诺”在这个社会中有多重要啊!没有诚信，不讲承诺，一定可以做到!
说起我的长相呢，我觉得挺好，浓浓的眉毛下面一双水灵灵的大眼睛。虽然，我的眼睛是一个单眼皮，一个是双眼皮，但，你不觉得很有特点吗?我的鼻子可是令我很骄傲的地方，我“哇哇”大哭，谁知妈妈一包零食就把我搞定了，这充分体现了我的好吃。虽说我是不哭了，但的鼻子上留下了很深的印记，多年过去了，我的鼻子恢复得很好，还被别人当成是“整型”了呢。我的嘴唇不厚不薄，幸亏没像爸爸一样长着两根肥肠拼在一起的厚嘴唇。 我的身高对我来说可是个大问题，因为太高所以经常被“绰号”所困扰。有时，家里亲戚竟说：“长那么高长大嫁不了人怎么办呀?
我就是我，一个独一无二的人我们，和蔼可亲的人我，你喜欢吗?
那一刻，冰雪在心头消融 题记：一个真诚的微笑，能唤起人们的友善与热情;一片浓浓的诚意，能融化心中的冰雪……
“砰”!电梯又关上了沉重的门。我与众人站在一起，仿佛是一根根被硬塞进来的木桩，谁也不说话。 我们家刚搬来不久，本想和邻居街坊搞好关系的，可每当我们四目相对时，我的嘴角还未来及上扬，声音还没从喉咙里出来，邻人目光早已转向别处。“唉!”沉重的叹息声中，夹杂着几许无奈。人们之间的关系就好像冰雪一样冰冷。
今年年底，五楼又搬来了一户年轻的夫妇。谁也没有主动去搭理他们。一切如旧。
出电梯的人仍是匆匆离去，进电梯的人仍是互相拥挤，甚至没有只言片语。可当电梯门关到一半时，街道中突然传来响亮而一道急促的喊声：“等等，等等还有我呢!抬起头来，映入我眼帘的却是一个挎着大包小包的年轻人。正是那新搬来的年轻人。“大爷，帮我提一下这个包吧，谢谢”，“阿姨，帮我拿一下包吧，谢谢”，“小姐，……”，年轻人的一连串话把我逗乐了，大家也都笑了。年轻人歇了一口气，又道：“大家好，我是新搬来的，在这里就认识大家了，请多多关照!”说完，他还有模有样地鞠了一躬。顿时，大家被这个年轻人的热情感染了，一声声爽朗的笑声在狭小的电梯里来回飘荡，摩擦出友善的火花。将那冰雪渐渐融化。
到了五楼，年轻人一边说谢谢，一边拿着他的包走出电梯，直到临走是还不忘深情地说声“再见”。到了七楼我走出电梯，不经意听到身后传来的招呼声
“等等，李大爷还在后面!”
过了几天，电梯里不再因人多而显得拥挤，甚至随时能飘出谈天说地的快乐音符。 一个真诚的微笑，能唤起人们的友善与热情;一片浓浓的诚意，能融化心中的冰雪……
在快乐中成长
生活应该是阳光般灿烂的快乐。
-----------题记
在快乐中成长,这就是我自认为极好的成长方式,你问我秘诀?哈,那就看以下三个快乐公式.
学习=快乐
“ 游泳”的滋味很不错吧?我可是酷爱之极硪---在知识的海洋里遨游。我酷爱文学,程度深得胜于我爱零食之深---废寝忘食,所达到的记录是一天看完3厘米厚的书。你问我数学?哈哈,当然喜欢逻，当你解开一道难题或发现某种规律时，一定是嘴都笑裂到脑后了。还问我英语?废话，叽里咕噜说几个洋文，惹得大家捧腹大笑。
友情=快乐
我一直都对这份友情感到幸运,是不是我的前世与她是相见恨晚的知己啊?我与她有共同的语言,嘿嘿,一样的狡猾,一样的要强,甚至喜欢同一种颜色。正如我崇拜的莫泊桑所说:"与其是互相理解的快乐,倒不如说是心灵内在的快乐。'
亲情=快乐
我是很肯定肯定地说,拥有这个家庭一定是我的幸福。我的妈妈很喜欢笑,也很喜欢做鬼脸,看上去非常年轻漂亮,如果不是有我这个11岁的小丫头,别人一定会以为她是个大姑娘的。我爸爸就截然不同了,他是个教师,所以经常“职业化”---摆出一副十分严肃使人怕怕的样子,不过,他是很慈祥的。我认为,他们就像两股风---溺风和劲风,我必须好好把握住自己的小船,让它不倒向任何一股风。
或许你会羡慕我,但是最主要的是你自己要快乐。
成长的烦恼
人生旅途，变幻莫测，免不了那大大小小的烦恼。回想自己的过去，有过痛苦，也有过悲伤，但那大都是些一时的烦恼，时间久了自然烟消云散。可也有个不大不小的烦恼，一直伴随我到现在，那就是我的这副眼镜。
说到它，已伴随我将近10年。上小学初戴眼镜时，虽觉不甚美观，却并不觉得给自己带来多大麻烦。但随着年龄的增长，眼镜度数的逐步增加，各种不便开始显露出来。
最明显的就是学习上的不便。别看我已架上了一副近600度的眼镜，可要遇上一位写字稍微小一些或是潦草一点儿的老师，那可就糟糕了。伸长了脖子，瞪大了眼睛，直看得脖子酸痛，也看不出个究竟来。我只能左顾右盼，东抄一笔，西抄一笔，凑来凑去，才得以抄全笔记。抄不全笔记其实还只是小麻烦，最惨的还要属计算机课。尽管每次课前我都尽量地休息好眼睛。可45分钟过后，眼睛依然疲惫不堪。计算机不同于其他课。整堂课那些公式、文字就像走马灯似的在屏幕上翻滚，我既要全神贯注地听老师讲课，以免漏掉哪怕一个知识点，又要使屏幕上所有的东西都尽收眼底。一堂课下来，我的双眼简直都要鼓出来，异常难受。
不过，写了这么多的不便，在我看来，还是可以忍受、可以克服的。还有一种不便却给我带来了无可弥补的损失，令我难以忍受。我从小就喜欢踢足球，这次年级联赛，我义不容辞地加入了班队，准备和几个志同道合的队友大干一场。可最后，我们只取得了第六名!大家不说，我也知道自己的表现实在是不如人意。踢后卫，我总是打得缩手缩脚，怕踢坏了眼镜;冲锋陷阵时，总怕对方的猛烈逼抢，铲倒了自己，以致摔坏了眼镜。摘了眼镜踢，就更抓瞎了，连双方队员都辨不清，还谈什么传球组织?
其实，戴眼镜的烦恼又何止这些!这其中的苦衷不戴眼镜的同学定然是体会不到的。因此，我才想提醒这些同学们，保护好你们的双眼，愿你们永远能够明眸善睐，拥有一片明亮的世界。
第五篇：李嘉伟的作文a
我盼望早日长大
13级06班：李嘉伟
差不多每个孩子都想早日长大，因为长大有一项专利——自由。当然我也不例外。
还记得小时候，看着妈妈和邻居说话，我刚要过去，妈妈却说：“大人说话，小孩别捣乱，一边玩去!”。从那时，我小小的心灵便盼望快点长大，好也让小孩子们乖乖的一边玩去。
有一次，我独自看电视，当看到电视里那些赛车手全身关注地驾驶着汽车疾驰在赛道上的时候，便羡慕不已。等爸爸回来，便用娇恬的语调跟爸爸说我要学开车，爸爸笑着说：“等长大了吧!”。那时我是多么希望早日长大啊。
那次，妈妈要领我去打防疫针。一想到医生会用冰冷的针头扎进肩膀，就害怕得不得了。于是，可怜兮兮的看着妈妈，恳求着问：“妈妈，能不能不去?”妈妈却毫无余地地摇摇头并坚决地说：“不行，等你长大了，就不用打了!”唉，又要等到长大。
那天，家中来了客人，爸爸和客人们边吃边喝，十分尽兴!我眼巴巴的盯着那似乎很美味的啤酒白酒红酒，便小声地跟妈妈说：“我也想喝两口?”，妈妈却义正言辞的对我说：“你现在还太小，长大再说吧!”
又是一个假期，我回到爷爷家。看到奶奶在切菜，边嚷嚷着也要切两下。奶奶却一字一板地对我说：“孙子哎，你还太小，要学就去洗菜吧!等你长大后，不想做也得做!”唉，为什么有些事情非要长大后才能做呢?我真想快点长大!
上星期日，我刚刚写完作业，眼看妈妈就要下班了。便急忙去厨房，做了一顿“丰盛”的大餐——煮了两袋方便面外加了两个鸡蛋，还洗了几样凉菜，小葱、生菜蘸大酱。妈妈回来了，看到这一桌饭菜，十分高兴地说：“我儿子长大了!”
妈妈，您终于说我长大了，我十分开心。但我深知：这种长大并不全是我所希望的那种长大。
故此，我依旧盼望着自己早点长大„„
指导教师：王晓增