「冲刺」四六级写作常见语法错误分类（共9篇）
篇1：「冲刺」四六级写作常见语法错误分类
1.句子成分残缺不全
wealwaysworkingtilllateatnightbeforetakingexams.(误)
wearealwaysworking/wealwaysworktilllateatnightbeforetakingexams(正)
weshouldreadbooksmaybeusefultous.(误)
weshouldreadbookswhichmaybeusefultous.(正)
2.句子成分多余
thistestisend，butthereisanothertestiswaitingforyou.(误)
onetestends，butanotheriswaitingforyou.(正)
thedriveroftheredcarwasdiedonthespot.(误)
thedriveroftheredcardiedonthespot.(正)
3.主谓不一致
someone/somebodythinkthatreadingshouldbeselective.(误)
somethinkthatreadingshouldbeselective.(正)
mysistergotothecinemaatleastonceaweek.(误)
mysistergoestothecinemaatleastonceaweek.(正)
4.动词时态、语态的误用
iwaswalkingalongtheroad,andtherearenotsomanycarsonthestreet.(误)
iwaswalkingalongtheroadandtherewerenotsomanyvehiclesonthestreet.(正)
wehavelittletimetoreadsomebookswhichweinterest.(误)
wehavelittletimetoreadsomebooksinwhichweareinterested.(正)
iamastudentwhohasstudyinginthecollegefortwoyears.(误)
ihavebeenstudyinginthecollegefortwoyears(正)
5.词类混淆
itismypointthatreadingmustbeselectively.(误)
inmyopinion，readingmustbeselective.(正)
honestissoimportantforeveryperson.(误)
honestyissoimportantforeveryone.(正)
theoldmanwashitbyacarwhenheacrossthestreet.(误)
theoldmanwashitbyacarwhenhewascrossingthestreet.(正)
篇2：「冲刺」四六级写作常见语法错误分类
主谓不一致，人称与动词不符。例如：
My sister go to the cinema at least once a week. (误)
My sister goes to the cinema at least once a week. (正)
上面例句中，主语是My sister ，为第三人称，所以谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式goes才正确，这种主谓不一致的错误在写作中是很常见的问题，稍一疏忽就会犯，考生需要更加细心才行。
句子成分残缺不全，语句不通。例如：
We should read books may be useful to us. (误)
We should read books which may be useful to us. (正)
这是一个定语从句的例句，其中which在从句中做的是主语，所以不能省略，一旦省略就会造成句子成分残缺，考试中大家在写完一句话时要记得读一遍看看通不通顺。
句子成分多余，累赘复杂。例如：
This test is end, but there is another test is waiting for you. (误)
One test ends, but another is waiting for you. (正)
这一句的错误有点中式英语的味道，逐字逐句对应翻译，there is 放在这里，累赘而又繁琐。
动词时态、语态的误用，前后不一致。例如：
I was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the street. (误)
I was walking along the road and there were not so many vehicles on the street. (正)
这个例句中前面是was walking ，所以后面也要用相应的过去进行时were，同一个句子里，没有特殊情况，前后时态时要保持一致的。
We have little time to read some books which we interest. (误)
We have little time to read some books in which we are interested. (正)
这一句也可以说是定语从句语法错误，be interested in是我们都知道的固定搭配，所以它后面跟宾语一定要有介词in，所以从句引导词要用 in which 。
词类混淆，词性不明。例如：
It is my point that reading must be selectively. (误)
In my opinion, reading must be selective. (正)
这句中，be 后面是形容 reading 的意思，所以要用到一个形容词，而selectively明显是一个副词。
名词可数与不可数的错误。例如：
In modern society, people are under various pressures(误)
In modern society, people are under various kinds of pressure. (正)
pressure是一种无形的但是有很多种类的事物，所以不能直接在后面加复数s，但是要形容他多，各种各样后面加一个种类kinds of 就正确表达出了复数形式。
及物动词与不及物动词的误用。例如：
The traffic accident was taken place at the junction of two highways. (误)
The traffic accident took place at the junction of two highways. (正)
发生是一个主动的过程，没有什么事是被发生的，所以不能用was taken place 。
情态动词的误用。例如：
They should spent much time. (误)
They should spend much time. (正)
情态动词后面常常跟动词原形，所以spend要用原型。
动宾搭配不当。例如：
We must pay attention to it and make solutions to the problem. (误)
We must pay attention and find a solution to the problem. (正)
There be句型的误用。例如：
There exists some new problems such as being dishonest. (误)
There exist/arise some new problems such as being dishonest. (正)
There be句型中动词一般用原型，exist/arise 不需要变成第三人称单数形式。
篇3：英语考试写作常见语法错误分类
1. 句子成分残缺不全
We always working till late at night before taking exams. (误)
We are always working/We always work till late at night before taking exams (正)
We should read books may be useful to us. (误)
We should read books which may be useful to us. (正)
2. 句子成分多余
This test is end, but there is another test is waiting for you. (误)
One test ends, but another is waiting for you. (正)
The driver of the red car was died on the spot. (误)
The driver of the red car died on the spot. (正)
3. 主谓不一致
Someone/Somebody think that reading should be selective. (误)
Some think that reading should be selective (正)
My sister go to the cinema at least once a week. (误)
My sister goes to the cinema at least once a week. (正)
4. 动词时态、语态的误用
I was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the street. (误)
I was walking along the road and there were not so many vehicles on the street. (正)
We have little time to read some books which we interest. (误)
We have little time to read some books in which we are interested. (正)
I am a student who has studying in the college for two years. (误)
I have been studying in the college for two years (正)
5. 词类混淆
It is my point that reading must be selectively (误)
In my opinion, reading must be selective. (正)
Honest is so important for everyperson. (误)
Honesty is so important for everyone. (正)
The old man was hit by a car when he across the street. (误)
The old man was hit by a car when he was crossing the street. (正)
6. 名词可数与不可数的误用
Too much tests are disadvantage for students’study. (误)
Too many tests are disadvantageous to students. (正)
In modern society, people are under various pressures (误)
In modern society, people are under various kinds of pressure. (正)
7. 动词及物与不及物的误用
The traffic accident was taken place at the junction of two highways. (误)
The traffic accident took place at the junction of two highways. (正)
Because of his excellent performance, the boss rose his salary. (误)
Because of his excellent performance, the boss raised his salary. (正)
8. 介词to和不定式符号的混淆
Too many tests will do harm to cultivate our independent thinking. (误)
Too many tests will do harm to the cultivation of our independent thinking. (正)
All these contributed to solve the serious problem. (误)
All these contributed to the solution to the serious problem. (正)
9. 情态动词的误用
It may not good to our health. (误)
It may be not good to our health. (正)
They should spent much time. (误)
They should spend much time. (正)
1 0. There be句型的误用
There exists some new problems such as being dishonest. (误)
There exist/arise some new problems such as being dishonest. (正)
There are many way to solve the tuition and fees of college education. (误)
There are many ways to raise the money for the tuition and fees for college education. (正)
1 1. 动宾搭配不当
We must pay attention to it and make solutions to the problem. (误)
We must pay attention and find a solution to the problem. (正)
It also may help you to make success. (误)
It may also help you succeed/obtain your goal (正)
1 2. 根据中文逐字硬译
If someone's family situation is not well, he can apply for loan to bank. (误)
If one's family is not well off, he can apply to the bank for a loan. (正)
Let alone touch the outside world of campus keep a good body health (误)
Let alone get in touch with the world outside of the campus/keep fit (正)
上面这些错误比较典型、集中, 请大家务必要注意, 其他的错误, 如单词拼写、大小写、标点符号的误用等, 可谓千姿百态, 无奇不有, 在此就不一一列举。
参考文献
[1]戴炜栋, 何兆雄.新编简明英语语言学教程.上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2002.
[2]加兰.坎农.英语史.尹敬勋, 译.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司, 1987.
[3]徐烈炯.生成语法理论.上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2003.
[4]张思武.英语学习过程诸因素探讨.四川师范大学学报 (社会科学版) , 2005 (4) .
篇4：「冲刺」四六级写作常见语法错误分类
解读独立写作评分标准
语言上的错误在考试中是难免的，关键在于错误的严重程度以及错误出现的频率如何。关于语言错误会对托福独立写作的成绩产生什么影响，考生可以通过细读独立写作的评分标准来找答案。
托福成绩单后附有一个表格，这个表格对考生听、说、读、写四项的分数分别给出了具体的阐述。其中，独立写作成绩在最高档Good （对应的最终分是24～30分）的文章在语言方面的特点如下：use of English that is occasionally ungrammatical， unclear， or unidiomatic。得分在中档Fair （对应的最终分是17～23分）则意味着文章存在如下语言问题：grammatical mistakes or vague/incorrect uses of words may make the writing difficult to understand。由此可见Good档次的文章中犯语法错误必须是occasionally，即可以有错误，但必须非常少；而Fair档次的文章中语法错误可能就相对严重，会影响评卷人对文意的理解。
在《新托福考试官方指南》的评分标准中，最高档5分（对应最终分30分）在语言方面要求文章“displays consistent facility in the use of language， demonstrating syntactic variety， appropriate word choice， and idiomaticity， though it may have minor lexical or grammatical errors”。考生要想达到5分的档次，其写作中的词汇和语法错误必须在minor层面，也就是不能犯典型、重大的语法错误。4分档（对应最终分25分）在语言方面要求文章“displays facility in the use of language， demonstrating syntactic variety and range of vocabulary， though it will probably have occasional noticeable minor errors in structure， word form， or use of idiomatic language that do not interfere with meaning”。相对于5分档，4分档出现了“显著”的语言错误，但必须是“偶尔”出现这样的错误，且必须是“很小”的错误，否则就达不到4分的档次。3分档的文章“may demonstrate inconsistent facility in sentence formation and word choice that may result in lack of clarity and occasionally obscure meaning”。由此可见，3分档文章的语言错误影响到了意思的“清晰度”，有时甚至导致“意思模糊”。
评分标准的4分和5分档都提到了minor errors。那么什么是minor errors，什么是非minor errors？笔者认为，像偶尔的冠词错误、名词单复数错误、介词使用不够精准，这些错误影响相对较小，通常不会影响意思的理解，属于minor errors。不过要想取得高分，这些也只能偶尔出错，不宜频繁出错。但是，下面列出的10大错误，则是笔者根据长期教学经验总结出的考生常犯的超出了minor范畴的错误。这些错误比较严重，一旦出现就容易影响分数，尤其关系到考生得分能否进入最高档。对于这些错误，考生要特别注意避免。
考生常犯的10种语法错误
主谓不一致
中文不存在主谓一致的问题，因此很多考生在写英文句子时意识不到这一点。在英语中，主谓一致的问题在一般现在时中出现较多，特别是在第三人称单数的谓语动词上容易出现。当主语和谓语之间插入成分较多、主语离谓语较远时，这类错误更容易出现。另外在定语从句中，由于从句的谓语动词和先行词被连词隔开，考生也容易忽略从句的主谓一致问题。此外，there be句型中be动词的单复数要根据be动词后面的名词单复数而定。来看下面的几个例句。
例1：Those examination questions is very familiar to me.
评析：主语是复数名词，谓语应该用are，不应该用is。
更正：Those examination questions are every familiar to me.
例2：A school who has famous professors are more worthy for students to choose.
评析：主句的主语和谓语之间有定语从句，相隔较远，因此考生容易犯主谓不一致的错误。主句的谓语还是应当由主句的主语a school来决定。
更正：A school who has famous professors is more worthy for students to choose.
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例3：Doing housework has some advantages that is good for children’s future.
评析：That引导的定语从句的谓语应当由先行词advantages决定，先行词是复数名词，因此that引导的定语从句谓语应当用are。
更正：Doing housework has some advantages that are good for children’s future.
例4：There is so many people competing for a position.
评析：There be句型的谓语应当由be动词后面的名词决定。名词people是复数，因此be动词应该用are。
更正：There are so many people competing for a position.
句子残缺
句子必须有谓语动词才称得上完整。考生在写作中有时会出现句子没有谓语动词的情况，或是从句缺主语的情况，这都属于残缺句子。
例5：That’s why I against that people find a job just for money.
评析：Against是介词，不能作谓语，可以在前面加系动词am。
更正：That’s why I am against that people find a job just for money.
例6：I enjoy it very much when chat and play with my friends.
评析：该句中when引导的从句缺乏主语，句子残缺，需要补充主语I。
更正：I enjoy it very much when I chat and play with my friends.
一个简单句中出现两个谓语动词
很多考生在写作时只是根据中文的思维和感觉写，对于英文中一个简单句只能有一个谓语动词的规则不够敏感，容易在一个简单句中出现两个或两个以上谓语动词，这是明显违反语法的。在there be句型中特别容易出现两个谓语动词的错误。考生应当记住：一个简单句只能有一个谓语动词，当出现两个谓语动词时，要将其中一个转化成恰当的非谓语形式或从句的谓语。请看下面的例子。
例7：There are so many people compete for a position.
评析：There be句型中的be动词本身就是这个句子的谓语动词，后面不能再出现谓语动词。这时，可以将后面的动词转化为非谓语动词的形式，或者转化成从句的谓语动词。
更正1：There are so many people competing for a position.
更正2：There are so many people who compete for a position.
例8：I， nonetheless， believe that my job and my social life are both play an essential role in my daily happiness.
评析：在这个句子中，are和play是两个谓语动词，不能一起用。系动词is/am/are可以和现在分词一起用于表进行，可以和过去分词一起用于表被动，也可以和不定式一起用于表将来，但是不能和动词原形一起用。
更正1：I， nonetheless， believe that my job and my social life are both playing an essential role in my daily happiness.
更正2：I， nonetheless， believe that my job and my social life both play an essential role in my daily happiness.
从句独立成句
从句必须依附于主句而存在，单独一个连词引导的从句不能用句点和主句隔开而独立成句。
例9：It is helpful for children to make mistakes and learn from their own mistakes. Because making mistakes sometimes is the best way to avoid more mistakes and to cultivate valuable aspects of characters.
评析：Because引导的原因状语从句不能单独成句，必须依附于主句而存在。可以把两句话连成一句，或是把原因状语从句改为以it is because或this is because开头的句子。
更正1：It is helpful for children to make mistakes and learn from their own mistakes because making mistakes sometimes is the best way to avoid more mistakes and to cultivate valuable aspects of character.
更正2：It is helpful for children to make mistakes and learn from their own mistakes. This is because making mistakes sometimes is the best way to avoid more mistakes and to cultivate valuable aspects of character.
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情态动词后面没有跟动词原形
情态动词后面必须跟动词原形，不能跟动词的其他形式。
例10：We must limiting the time that children spend in watching TV.
评析：句中must是情态动词，后面必须跟动词原形，不能跟现在分词。
更正：We must limit the time that children spend in watching TV.
例11：Admittedly， the good food may contributes to an enjoyable vacation.
评析：句中may是情态动词，后面必须跟动词原形，不能跟第三人称单数形式。
更正：Admittedly， the good food may contribute to an enjoyable vacation.
两个简单句之间缺乏连词
如果用逗号连接两个简单句，那句子之间必须有恰当的连词，不能只用逗号来连接。
例12：Many Chinese students are good at their studies， they don’t have much social experience.
评析：逗号连接的是两个独立的含有主谓结构的句子，两个句子之间是转折关系，必须加上表转折的连词（如but），不能只用逗号连接。
更正：Many Chinese students are good at their studies， but they don’t have much social experience.
例13：I am a boy， I am strong.
评析：I am a boy和I am strong是两个简单句，可以在中间加连词或用分号，可以写成两句话，也可以把其中一句改为非谓语结构，但是不能只用逗号连接。
更正1：I am a boy， and I am strong.
更正2：I am a boy； I am strong.
更正3：I am a boy. I am strong.
更正4：Being a boy， I am strong.
词性误用
考生在记单词的时候容易只记单词的意思，不注意词性和用法，导致名词、动词、形容词、副词之间词性误用的情况。这样的错误比较严重，应该避免。
例14：He worked industrious all day.
评析：句中的industrious是形容词，不能修饰动词。形容词用于修饰名词，副词可以修饰动词、形容词和副词。
更正：He worked industriously all day.
代词错误
代词方面的错误主要是代词与其所指代的名词单复数不一致。
例15：As a person， sooner or later， they will meet some problems.
评析：句中的they作为复数代词与其所指代的名词person单复数不一致，此处应用单数形式的代词。
更正：As a person， sooner or later， he or she will meet some problems.
介词后面跟动词原形
介词后面不能跟动词原形，必须跟名词或动名词。
例16：People splash water on each other for celebrate their new year.
评析：介词for后面不能跟动词原形celebrate，可以改为动名词形式。
更正：People splash water on each other for celebrating their new year.
动词原形作主语
动词原形不能作主语。祈使句会用动词原形开头，但句子只是省略了主语，而不是没有主语，而且托福写作也极少用到祈使句。可以作主语的成分包括名词、代词、动名词、不定式、主语从句和形式主语it。
例17：I insist that join a sports team is the best way for us to make new friends.
评析：句中的动词原形join不能作宾语从句的主语，可以转化成动名词再作主语。
更正：I insist that joining a sports team is the best way for us to make new friends.
如何避免常犯的语法错误
上述错误是笔者在修改学生的作文时经常发现的错误类型，给出的例句也是学生在写作中出现错误的句子。除了这些错误，语法错误当然还包括时态错误、名词单复数错误、冠词错误等，但前文列出的10种语法错误对托福写作分数的影响最为显著。尽管每位考生常犯的错误不尽相同，但语法错误有这样的共同特点：它们都是长期形成的，因而具有习惯性和无意识性，可以说是非常“顽固”。考生必须刻意用心纠正才能避免在考场上犯下这些错误。
看了本文列出的10种语法错误，有些考生可能会觉得非常简单，但是不能仅仅因为看上去简单而轻视这些错误。在写作的时候，尤其是在限时的紧张情况下，这些错误很容易出现。很多考生托福写作的成绩徘徊不前，正是由于对自身存在的问题没有重视，没有刻意去纠正。为此，笔者建议考生做到以下三点。
1.平时训练的限时作文尽量找老师或同学修改，以便发现和纠正自己意识不到的错误。自己要总结出特别容易错的语法项目，制定清单，每次写作前复习，在写作的过程中刻意避免。对于不明白的语法项目，要查找语法书进行针对性学习，不必系统学习全部语法。
2.在练习的过程中，考生可以每写一段就停下来检查一下，然后再写下一段。这样可以避免犯的错误过多，来不及纠正。
3.在考试的过程中，考生可以在独立写作规定的30分钟内留出3～5分钟。在全文写完之后，用这几分钟的时间专门检查自己常犯的错误。
篇5：雅思写作中常见的语法错误
Model Answer:
Some people think that old, historic buildings are no need for the city and they should be destroyed and replaced with modern ones. However, other people believe that historic buildings must be preserved in order to know and remember our past. For several reasons that I will mention bellow I agree with those people who want to preserve old, historical buildings.
First of all, by preserving historical buildings we pass our history to our future generations. I think that out children should know their history, learn from it and respect it. People need to know their traditions and customs, which are priceless and irreplaceable. Our history is our knowledge and power. From my opinion we need to preserve and restore historical buildings. By destroying them we show our disrespect to our forefathers and their traditions.
Second of all, by preserving historical buildings a city can attract many travelers. Welcoming tourists a city can get many benefits including money, which can be spent on preserving historical buildings as well as on improving roads and facilities.
Also, many tourists mean a lot of new business opportunities. Another important aspect of this is that businessmen will be willing to build new recreational centers, hotels, movie theaters, shopping centers to make a city more attractive for travelers. In addition to those practical benefits, many people will have the opportunity to get a job. All this is good for the economy of the city.
篇6：雅思写作常见语法错误8大类型
I am writing with regard to your newspaper advertisement requesting volunteers for local environment projects.
The issue that most concerns me is the increasing amount of litter in the public park. Litter is both an eyesore for park users like myself and a potential threat to birds and other wildlife.
I would like to suggest a “cleanup” day on which local people would come together to pick up litter and restore the park to its former state. I would be happy to help publicise this, perhaps by making posters or handing out flyers in the town centre.
If we want to keep our park litter-free in future, more effort will need to be made to educate children about the importance of looking after our local environment. Some extra bins around the park would also be a good idea.
I look forward to receiving your response.
Yours faithfully,
Paul Jones(153)
g类雅思书信小作文范文 辞职信：写给现在的boss
雅思g类书信小作文话题
You have decided to leave your current job even though you enjoy it. Write a letter to inform your manager of your decision. In your letter tell the manager about your decision and the reason for it
尽管喜欢，你还是打算离开现在的工作。写信告知你的上级你的决定。讲述理由。
describe what you learnt in your current job
and ask the manager to write a reference letter to help you with
篇7：「冲刺」四六级写作常见语法错误分类
考生们如果学习了剑桥4-11后面的范文即会发现，考官范文里面的长难句虽然不多，但是如果能够用复合的结构表达自己的意思，写作的能力很显然是可以上一个等级的。然而在自己打造复合句的过程中，有时候加入的插入成分较多，学生往往会忘记主谓宾之间的搭配关系，因此会导致构句的语法错误。
例句：The government measures, which has negative influence on corporate employees, also poses as a threat to the benefit of the employers. 这个长句看起来结构很正确，但较难发现主语和谓语的单复数搭配不当，因此建议广大考生在写句子的时候就把需要注意的语法点想清楚，也省去自己检查时的麻烦。
篇8：「冲刺」四六级写作常见语法错误分类
一﹑语法错误的主要类型
通过对学生作文中的语法错误分析, 错误主要表现在以下几个方面。
1. 主谓不一致
主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。一般情况下, 主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则的支配:语法一致原则﹑意义一致原则和就近原则。学生往往会在掌握主语和随后谓语动词的一致问题上出现错误。学生的错误大致可分为以下几种:第一, 主语是动名词时出现的主谓不一致。如:Going toschool force me to be more disciplined than studying at home.此句中的force应改为forces。第二, 宾语从句中的主谓不一致。如:Some people think building the roads for buses don’t take a long time.此句中的don’t应改为doesn’t。第三, 当主语有定语从句修饰时出现的主谓不一致。如:The house which has a large window belong to Mike.此句中的belong应改为belongs。第四, 在由not only...but also..., not just...but..., or, either...or..., neither...nor...连接主语的句子中出现的主谓不一致。如:Not only John but also I is going to Shanghai next week.此句中的is应改为am, 即按与谓语动词最靠近的那个主语来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。
2. 被动语态错误
语态错误主要表现为学生搞不清楚某些动词或动词短语是及物动词或动词短语还是不及物动词或动词短语, 因此经常把语态搞错。例如:The traffic accident was happened yesterday.在这句中, happen是不及物动词, 只用于主动态不用于被动态。其次, 很多句子在中文里表达的时候都是主动态, 而用英文表达的时候则应变为被动态。可是高职学生受母语思维影响较大, 所以在写作时此类句子都用主动态表达。例如:Itcan imagine that there must be some inconvenience brought by raising pet.这句话中imagine应改为be imagined。
3. 时态错误
中文里没有时态的区分, 而英文时态很多, 动词又根据时态的变化而变化。学生在写作时常常混淆时态, 出现很多错误。如:I will not come here if it will rain tomorrow.在这句话中, 主句是一般将来时, 从句应用一般现在时, 所以应改为if itrains tomorrow。
4. 情态动词和助动词后的搭配错误
从初中开始, 英语老师就常将“情态动词后应跟动词原形”这句话挂在嘴边, 但是真正在作文中使用时, 学生就把这句话抛在脑后了。错误类型主要表现为: (1) 情态动词后的动词使用过去时态; (2) 情态动词后的动词加“s”; (3) 情态动词后的动词加“ing”。助动词后的动词搭配也是常见错误之一, 常见类型有: (1) 助动词“do”后面的动词用动词过去时态; (2) 助动词“do”后面的动词第三人称单数加“s”; (3) 助动词“do”后面的动词加“ing”等。
5. 非谓语动词的使用错误
由于学生对非谓语动词的概念不清楚, 对不定式、分词、动名词的用法不明白, 对句子结构分析不正确, 常把非谓语动词误用作谓语动词。学生不知道在英语句子中谓语动词只能有一个, 如果有另外一个动词出现, 这个动词有三种情况:一是并列谓语, 但是这时候必须有连词, 如and, but等;二是出现在从句里面;三就是以分词形式出现, 现在分词和过去分词, 还有不定式。现在分词有主动语态和进行时的含义, 而过去区分词有被动语态和完成时的含义, 不定式有将来时态的意义。这类错误在以下三种情况下出现的几率较高。第一, 在there be句型中。如:There are more and more people visit China.在这句话中, are是谓语动词, visit应当用其非谓语形式visiting。第二, 在with复合结构下。如:With an increasing number of parents leave for cities to seek jobs, more children are left behind in the countryside.在这句话中leave应改为leaving。第三, 在动词短语的固定搭配中。如:China attracts many foreign companies come here for investment.在这句话中应使用attract sb.to do something的结构, 应将come改为to come, 否则句中就出现了两个谓语动词。
6. 句子不完整的错误
高职学生英语基础较为薄弱, 对句子的结构认识较为薄弱, 作文中经常出现不完整的句子, 主要有以下几种情况:第一, 句子缺少主语。例如:Some other people argue that choose friends who are similar to themselves.在这句话中, 宾语从句中缺少主语, 应改为:Some other people argue that they will choose friends who are similar to themselves.第二, 句子缺少谓语动词。例如:I suggest we should develop underground system because it fast and environmentally friendly.在这句话的原因状语从句中缺少谓语动词, 应在fast前添加谓语动词is。
二﹑相应教学策略
1.强调并巩固英语五大基本句型
英语五大基本句型是所有英语句子的根本, 主从复合句也是在此基础上延伸展开的。这五种基本句型是:S+V, S+V+O, S+V+Oi+Od, S+V+O+C, S+V+P。一定要让学生分清楚哪些是及物动词, 哪些是不及物动词, 哪些动词可以跟双宾语。在教学中, 可以先让学生练习短句子, 然后练习长句子。待学生简单句掌握以后, 在此基础上再进行主从复合句的练习, 这样学生的作文里就可以减少出现句式结构上的错误了。
2.根据模板仿写段落
关于作文中使用模板的问题, 众说纷纭。很多人常说模板会禁锢学生的写作自由, 让学生写作受到限制。但是不使用模板句型的文章几乎是不存在的。对于基础较弱的学生来说, 模板可以在较短的时间内取得满意的写作效果。例如在写议论文时, 教师可以分别给出一边倒和对称式的写作模板供学生参考, 这样学生在写作时比较有自信, 降低了写作难度, 学生更容易投入其中, 也就减少了出错的几率。当学生对模板比较熟悉之后, 可以逐渐抛开模板写作, 或者设计出适合自己的个性化模板。
3.采取多种订正方法
多数情况下, 教师会对学生的作文进行全文订正。事实上, 这样做既费时又费力, 效果也不好, 满篇的错误极大地打击了学生的写作积极性。教师可以采取选择性订正的方法, 比如批改过程中只关注动词第三人称单数的使用情况, 那学生就会特别注意这一点, 否则的话, 他们可能不会关注这一点。其次, 教师也可以将学生的明显错误标出来, 但是不要帮学生订正, 可以用一些符号标在错误的旁边来提醒学生此处出现了什么样的错误。例如G代表语法错误, P代表标点符号错误等。这样学生就会清楚地知道自己的句子出现了什么样的错误, 也知道从何下手去订正了。教师也可以将比较典型的错误进行集中讲解, 让全班同学一起订正, 学生的印象会非常深刻。
参考文献
[1]常红梅.高职高专使用英语写作[M].北京:国防工业出版社, 2008.
[2]张雅敏.针对高职英语写作常见错误的教学方略初探[J].北京电力高等专科学校学报 (社会科学版) , 2010, 27 (6) .
篇9：六级写作冲刺小贴士
一、减少简单句。不要频繁使用简单句,可考虑将简单句合并为复合句或转化为分词结构,从而“化简为合”,提高句子的表述能力。
例1:Lu Hao graduated last summer. He joined the First Auto Works in Changchun soon after graduation. He received an engineering degree from his college.
修改后:①After graduating last summer with an engineering degree, Lu Hao soon joined the First Auto Works in Changchun. ②An engineering degree-holder, Lu Hao joined the First Auto Works in Changchun last summer, soon after graduation. ③Having graduated with an engineering degree, Lu Hao joined the First Auto Works in Changchun last summer.
点评:修改后的三个句子巧妙地运用了分词结构或介词短语,均实现了对原并列句的恰当改写,从而使原来过于啰唆的表达方式简单化和层次化,使句子结构清晰明确。
二、避免频繁使用“if...then”和“if...”从句。此类从句会使句子显得较为单调且内容贫乏,合并主从句内容可能会更有利于表达。
例2:If we only apply book knowledge, we will not get good results.
修改后:The application of book knowledge alone won’t bring you good results.
点评:将主句和从句整合为一句,使用“application of...”这一名词结构使语言表述更为书面化,更符合六级正式文体写作的规范,而且更为简练。
三、减少“because...”从句。由because引导的原因状语从句过于简单,无法体现六级考生的应有水平,可以考虑将原因状语从句改写为分词结构前置,或将主句改写为其他表达方式,从而简化结构。
例3:Because my schedule was so busy, I was not able to attend Susan’s birthday party.
修改后:My schedule did not allow me to attend Susan’s birthday party.
点评:原句用because作关联词引导原因状语从句,句式简单,缺乏亮点。修改后用“allow sb. to do sth.”结构,句子结构显得更为紧凑。
四、避免频繁使用people等词作主语。可以考虑换用“it is thought/believed...”或“there be”等结构来改写句子,从而使其更为正式。
例4:Many people think birth control is quite necessary in China.
修改后:It is widely (commonly) thought/believed/held/accepted that birth control is quite necessary in China.
例5:More and more people agree/realize/are aware that women should enjoy full equality with men.
修改后:There is a growing agreement (realization/awareness) that women should enjoy full equality with men.
点评:“many people”“more and more people”这样的词汇可以算是四、六级写作考试中在试卷上出现频率最高的主语了,但过多这样的表述难免会让阅卷老师产生审美疲劳。修改后的句子使用了形式主语句及“there be”句型,使句式更富有变化,避免了单调的重复。
五、少用“万能”动词。在遇到过于繁杂或“万能”的动词结构时,可考虑改写为名词结构的表达方式。
例6:If we don’t recognize the serious problem of growing population, we will make a big mistake.
修改后:Failure to recognize the seriousness of growing population will lead to a big mistake.
点评:make、get、do等动词在英文中表意丰富,这类词出现频率过高难免会造成句意的模糊。建议大家可将动宾结构改写成名词结构,并尽可能应用表意具体的动词。
六、避免频繁使用and连接一些松散的句式,改写为从句更为恰当。
例7:The village had a population of seven thousand; a typhoon struck it, and it was practically demolished.
修改后:The village, with its seven thousand people, was struck by a typhoon and practically demolished.
点评:过多使用and容易造成句子长而不难,结构上非常松散,逻辑上不清晰。
七、避免频繁使用“even though”和“although”引导的从句。滥用这类句型可能会使句意逻辑不清,可以将此类让步状语从句用as或despite等结构进行改写。
例8:Although they were very important in California, laundries were even more significant in other parts of the United States, for laundering was one of the four “pioneer” occupations that enabled Chinese to move eastward across the continent.
修改后:Important as they were in California, laundries were even more significant in other parts of the United States, for laundering was one of the four “pioneer” occupations that enabled Chinese to move eastward across the continent.
点评:修改后的句子使用了as引导的让步状语从句的倒装,句式显得更为生动。
八、冲刺阶段的复习建议:“英汉回写”六步法
考生在练习六级写作时要牢记“三个more”:read more、write more、compare more,即多读、多写、多比较。笔者建议大家在冲刺阶段可以采取“英汉回写”六步法进行练习:
Step 1:找到历年写作真题的经典范文精读(最好每种写作题型各找1～2篇);
Step 2:总结范文中的框架模板、亮点词句和句型,并进行背诵;
Step 3:将范文翻译成中文,可以借助词典等工具书,由于六级作文只有150词左右,所以这部分不会花太多时间;
Step 4:将翻译完的中文回写成英文;
Step 5:将自己回写的英文和原文进行逐句对比;
Step 6:总结差距,取长补短,并可根据情况再次回写。