非谓语动词用法对比 (中学英语教学论文)

非谓语动词用法对比 (中学英语教学论文)（精选8篇）

篇1：非谓语动词用法对比 (中学英语教学论文)

知识要点：

一、不定式与动名词做主语：

1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。例如：

Collecting information about children’s health is his job. 收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。

It’s necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。

2、常用不定式做主语的句型有：

（1）It’s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do

（2）It’s kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do.

3、常用动名词做主语的句型有：

It’s no good (use, fun) doing.

It’s (a) waste of time one’s doing.

It’s worth while doing.

二、不定式、动名词、分词做表语：

1、不定式做表语常表示谓语动词所表示动作之后发生的动作。

His teaching aim of this class is to train the students’ speaking ability. 他这节课的教学目的是要训练学生说的能力。

2、动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释，这时主语与表语位置可以互换，动名词常用于口语中。

Its full-time job is laying eggs. 它的（指蚁后）的专职工作是产卵。

3、现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征；进行时表示正在进行的动作。

The task of this class is practising the idioms. （现在分词做表语）

With the help of the teacher, the students are practising the idioms. （现在进行时）

4、常用作表语的现在分词有：interesting, amusing, disappointing, missing, puzzling, exciting, inspiring, following等。现在分词表示进行与主动。

The joke is amusing .这笑话很逗人。

The problem is puzzling. 这个问题令人不解。

5、过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。而被动语态表示主语所承受的动作。

The village is surrounded by high mountains.（过去分词做表语）

The enemy was surrounded by the Red Army.（被动语态）

He is well educated.（过去分词做表语）

He has been educated in this college for three years.（被动语态）

常用在句中做表语的过去分词有：

used, closed, covered, interested, followed, satisfied, surrounded, done, lost, decided, prepared, saved, shut, won, completed, crowded, dressed, wasted, broken, married, unexpected等。

6、注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同：

interest（使…感兴趣），surprise（使…吃惊），frighten（使…害怕），excite（使…兴奋），tire（使…疲劳），please（使…满意），puzzle（使…迷惑不解），satisfy（使…满意），amuse（使…娱乐），disappoint（使…失望），inspire（使…欢欣鼓舞），worry（使…忧虑）

它们的现在分词常修饰物（有时修饰人），表示主动，过去分词常修饰人，表示被动（包括某人的look、voice等）。例如：

Climbing is tiring. 爬山很累人。

They are very tired. 他们很疲劳

After hearing the exciting news, he gave a speech in an excited voice.

三、不定式与动名词做宾语：

1、下列动词跟不定式做宾语：

want, wish, hope, expect, ask, pretend, care, decide, happen, long, offer, refuse, fail, plan, prepare, order, cause, afford, beg, manage, agree, promise等。

2、在下列动词或动词短语后用动名词做宾语：

enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse, delay, imagine, keep, miss, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, can’t help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from), keep…from, stop…(from), protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on等。

3、在forget, remember, stop, regret, try, mean等动词后跟不定式与动名词意义不同，不定式表示谓语动词之后的动作，而动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，常用一般式doing代替完成式having done.

He forgot to tell me to post the letter.（他忘了叫我发信。）

I shall never forget finding that rare stamp on an ordinary envelope. 我永远也忘不了在一个普通信封上发现了那枚珍贵的邮票。

Remember to write to us when you get there. 到那里，记得给我们写信。

I don’t remember meeting him. 我不记得见过他。

I regret to tell you that I can’t go to your birth-day party. 我很遗憾告诉你我不能去参加你的生日晚会了。

They regretted agreeing to the plan. 他们后悔同意这个计划。

He tried to pretend to share in the pleasure with his friend. 他尽力假装与朋友分享欢乐。

She tried reading a novel, but that couldn’t make her forget her sorrow. 她试着看看小说，但也不能使她忘记伤心事。

I didn’t mean to hurt you. 我没有企图伤害你。

A friend indeed means helping others for nothing in return. 真正的朋友意指不图回报地帮助别人。

4、动名词作need, want, require, be worth的宾语时，用主动式代替被动式。

The washing-machine needs repairing.（或用：needs to be repaired）这台洗衣机需要修理。

The point wants referring to. 这一点要提到。

This English novel is worth reading. 这本英文小说值得一读。

The situation in Russian required studying. 俄国形式需要研究。

四、不定式与分词在句中做宾语补足语：

1、以下动词后跟不定式做宾语补足语：

ask, tell, beg, allow, want, like, hate, force, invite, persuade, advise, order, cause, encourage, wait for, call on, permit, forbid

The doctor advised him to stay in bed for another few days. 医生嘱咐他再卧床休息几天。

We wish him to remain and accept the post. 我们希望他留下来接受这个职位。（注意hope后不跟不定式做宾补。）

2、有些动词后的复合宾语用不带“to“的不定式，这些动词有：see, watch, notice, hear, feel, make, let, have等。例如：

We noticed him enter the house. 我们留意到他进了那所房子。

The boss made them work twelve hours a day. 老板让他们一天干12小时工作。

注意当make、have不做“迫使、让”讲，而做“制造、有”解时，跟带有to的不定式做状语。

Mother made a cake to celebrate his birthday. 妈妈做了一个蛋糕给他庆贺生日。

He had a meeting to attend. 他有个会要开。

3、下列动词后的复合宾语用分词做宾补：see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, make, set, have, leave, keep, find等。用现在分词还是用过去分词做宾补，要看分词与宾语的关系。例：

We heard him singing the song when we came in. 当我们进来的时候，听见他正唱那首歌。

We have heard the song sung twice. 我们听过这首歌唱过两遍了。

五、非谓语动词做定语：

1、不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示在谓语动词之后发生的动作或过去的某一特定动作。例如：

He had no house to live in but a lot of work to do. 他没有房子住却有好多活要干。

Our monitor is the first to arrive. 我们班长是第一个到的。

2、动名词与现在分词做定语的区别：

动名词做定语说明所修饰名词的用途；现在分词做定语，表示所修饰名词进行的动作。

a walking stick 拐杖（动名词做定语，意为a stick for walking）

a sleeping car 卧铺车厢（动名词做定语，意为a car for sleeping）

the rising sun 正在升起的太阳（现在分词做定语，意为the sun which was rising）

the changing world 变化中的世界（现在分词做定语，意为the world which is changing）

3、现在分词与过去分词做定语的区别：过去分词做定语表示完成或被动的动作，现在分词做定语表示主动或进行的动作。如：

a piece of disappointing news 使人失望的消息（意同a piece of news which disappointed us）

in the following years 在后来的几年中（意同in the years that followed）

a well dressed woman 衣着讲究的女士（意同a woman who is dressed well）

a car parked at the gate 停在门口的小汽车（意同a car which was parked at the gate）

六、不定式与分词做状语：

1、不定式做状语，只表示目的、结果或原因：

He hurried home only to find his money stolen. 他匆忙赶到家中，发现钱被盗了。（结果状语）

To make himself heard, he raised his voice. 为了被听清楚，他提高了嗓门。（目的状语）

All of us are surprised to see his rapid progress. 看到他的进步，我们都很吃惊。(原因状语)

2、分词做状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步、方式：

Seen from the top of the hill, the town is beautiful. 从山上看，这座城市很美。（条件状语）

Coming into the room, he found his father angry. 当走进房间时，他发现父亲生气了。（时间状语）

Being tired, they went on working. 虽然累了，但他们继续工作。（让步状语）

Having been hit by the big boy on the nose, the little boy began to cry. 由于被大孩子打了鼻子，那个小男孩哭了。（原因状语）

He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, looking rather pleased. 他把一个手指放进嘴里，尝了尝，笑了，看起来挺高兴。（伴随状语）

（小周）

篇2：非谓语动词用法对比 (中学英语教学论文)

1. 不定式-主、表、宾、补语(宾补&主补)、定、状、同位语

2. 动名词-主、表、宾、定、同位语

3.分 词-表、补语(宾补&主补)、定、状

知识要点：

一、不定式与动名词做主语：

1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。Collecting information about children’s health is his job.

It’s necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher.

2、常用不定式做主语的句型有：

常用结构：It+be+ adj./n.+ for sb. to do sth.

(常见形容词: difficult , important, necessary, impossible, etc.)

It+be+ adj. + of sb. to do sth. =sb. be + adj. + to do sth.

(常见形容词:clever, silly, foolish, stupid, wise, kind, rude, impolite, careless, cruel, crazy, etc.)

3、常用动名词做主语的句型有：It’s no good (use, fun) doing sth.

It’s (a) waste of time one’s doing sth. It’s worth while doing sth.

二、不定式、动名词、分词做表语：

1、不定式做表语常表示谓语动词所表示动作之后发生的动作。不定式一般紧跟在系动词如: be, seem, remain, appear等后面, 用来说明主语的内容。这类结构中的主语一般为名词，如：idea, purpose, hope, plan, intention, wish, dream, etc.

eg.) My purpose is to teach them a lesson.

有时句子主语也可以是不定式或名词性从句。

Eg.) To be strict with students is to be responsible to them.

What I want to do is (to )tell you the truth.

The only thing he could do was ( to) tell the truth.

如果主语中含有do的任何形式, 那么不定式可以省去to.

2、动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释，这时主语与表语位置可互换，动名词常用于口语中。

Its full-time job is laying eggs.

3、分词做表语:

现在分词作表语:一般表示主动或主语的性质和特征, “令人……”的, 主语多数情况是sth.

过去分词作表语: 一般表示被动或说明主语情感心理上的感受, “感到……的”,主语多数是sb.

exciting, excited annoying, annoyed amazing, amazed

boring, bored confusing, confused encouraging, encouraged

embarrassing, embarrassed frightening, frightened; inspiring, inspired

现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征；进行时表示正在进行的动作。

The task of this class is practising the idioms. （现在分词做表语）

With the help of the teacher, the students are practising the idioms. （现在进行时）

过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。而被动语态表示主语所承受的动作。

The village is surrounded by high mountains.（过去分词做表语）

The enemy was surrounded by the Red Army.（被动语态）

He is well educated.（过去分词做表语）

He has been educated in this college for three years.（被动语态）

注意: 过分除修饰sb.以外,还可修饰表示神态、声音等的名词, 说明主语的心理状态。

Eg.) He had a _________ (terrifying, terrified) look in his eyes.

The boy answered in a ________ (frightening, frightened) voice.

三、不定式与动名词做宾语：

1、下列动词跟不定式做宾语：

want, wish, hope, expect, ask, demand, pretend, care, decide, happen, long, offer, refuse, fail, plan, prepare, order, cause, afford, beg, manage, agree, promise等。

2、在下列动词或动词短语后用动名词做宾语：

常见动词: advise, avoid（避免）, appreciate（感激）, admit（承认）,consider(考虑), complete, delay, deny（否认）, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, forbid, forgive, imagine, miss, mind, mention, permit, practise, risk（冒险）, suggest (建议), understand, etc.

常见短语: be busy, be worth, burst out, feel like, can’t help (忍不住), can’t stand, set about, succeed in, be engaged in, persist in, insist on, be fond of, dream of, prevent…(from), keep…from, stop…(from), protect…from…, set about, spend/waste…(in)

be/get used/accustomed to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, get down to, devote oneself/one’s life ( energy, effort, time) to, make contributions to, admit to, owe to,

【lead to, stick to, listen to, refer to, turn to, thanks to, owing to, due to后接名词,一般不接动名词】

3、某些动词后既可接动名词,也可接不定式.

常见动词: begin/start, continue; love, like, dislike, hate, prefer; need, want, require; forget, remember, regret; mean, try, go on, stop, be used to, can’t help

3. begin/start

三种情况下,一般接不定式做宾语:①主语是sth.;②本身用于进行时;③做宾语的动词表示情感、思想或意念时(如:like, love, understand, realize, understand, know, etc.)

A.) love, like, dislike, hate, prefer, 如表示经常性的动作, 用动名词作宾语;如表示特定或具

体的动作,多接不定式.

Eg.) I like___(play) chess during my spare time.

I like___(play) at chess with the chess master now.

B.) need, want require

eg.) He wants _____(repair) the bike for me.

The bike needs/wants/ requires______(repair).

4. forget, remember, regret

eg.) The light in the office is still on. I forgot ____ (turn) it off.

I’ll never forget ____(see) the musical comedy in New York.

Remember____( meet) me tonight.

I remember ____(take) to Beijing when I was a child.

I regret ____ (inform) you that you are dismissed.

I regret ______( not take ) his advice.

E.) mean, try, go on, stop, be used to, can’t help

Eg.) What do you mean _____ (do ) with it?

____(miss) the train means __(wait) for another two hours.

He’s been trying ____ (get) you on the phone.

Let’s try___ (knock) at the back door.

He paused and went on __ (explain) the text to us.

Go on _____(do) the other exercise after you have finished this one.

Wood is used to ___(make) paper.

He is used to _____(get) up early.

She couldn’t help_____( do ) the housework, for she was busy.

People couldn’t help____(laugh) at the foolish emperor in the procession.

4、动名词作need, want, require, be worth的宾语时，用主动式代替被动式。

The washing-machine needs repairing.（或用：needs to be repaired）

The point wants referring to.

This English novel is well worth reading.

The situation in Russian required studying.

下列句子惯用不定式主动语态.

Eg.) The house is to let/to be let. 这房子待出租。

He is not to blame for everything.

四、不定式与分词在句中做宾语补足语：

1、以下动词后跟不定式做宾语补足语：

动词/动词词组+宾语+to不定式:

常见动词: want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, allow, permit, help, advise, persuade, cause, force, warn, invite, urge, encourage, prepare, call on, would like, wait for, etc.

eg.)I got them to join us in the discussion.

They are waiting for the school bus to come.

The doctor advised him to stay in bed for another few days. （注suggest后不跟不定式做宾补。）

We wish him to remain and accept the post.（注hope后不跟不定式做宾补。）

动词+宾语+不带to的不定式:

常用动词: feel (一感) ; hear, listen to(二听); make, let, have(三让); see, watch, observe, notice, look at(五看) ;help (半帮助,可带to或不带to)etc. 但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to.

Eg.) I saw him cross the road. He was seen to cross the road.

比较: I saw him crossing the road. He was seen _____the road.

I saw him carried downstairs. He was seen ____ downstairs.

2、下列动词后的复合宾语用分词做宾补：see, watch, notice, observe, find, hear, feel, make, get, set, send, start, catch, have, leave, keep,等。用现在分词还是用过去分词做宾补，要看分词与宾语的关系。

We heard him ____ (sing) the song when we came in.

We have heard the song _____ (sing) in Japanese.

He watched the bed _____ (carry) out of the door.

He felt a great weight _____ (take ) off his mind. 他感到心头如释重负。

How would you like your hair ___ (cut)?

五、非谓语动词做定语：

1、不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示在谓语动词之后发生的动作或过去的某一特定动作。

He had no house to live in but a lot of work to do.

Our monitor is the first to arrive.

2、动名词与现在分词做定语的区别：

动名词做定语说明所修饰名词的用途；现在分词做定语，表示所修饰名词进行的动作。

a walking stick 拐杖（动名词， a stick for walking）

a sleeping car 卧铺车厢（动名词， a car for sleeping）

the rising sun 正在升起的太阳（现在分词）

the changing world 变化中的世界（现在分词）

3、现在分词与过去分词做定语的区别：过去分词做定语表示完成或被动的动作，现在分词做定语表示主动或进行的动作。

a piece of disappointing news =a piece of news which disappointed us）

in the following years =in the years that followed）

a well dressed woman =a woman who is dressed well）

a car parked at the gate =a car which was parked at the gate）

六、不定式与分词做状语：

1、不定式做状语，只表示目的、结果或原因：

He hurried home only to find his money stolen.（结果状语）

To make himself heard, he raised his voice.（目的状语）

All of us are surprised to see his rapid progress. (原因状语)

2、分词做状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步、方式、结果：

Seen from the top of the hill, the town is beautiful.（条件状语）

Having been hit by the big boy on the nose, the little boy began to cry. (原因状语)

He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, looking rather pleased.（伴随状语）

动名词的复合结构:

① 物主代词或名词所有格+ 动名词(作主语、宾语、表语)

② 代词宾格或名词普通格+ 动名词(作宾语、表语)

Eg.) My father’s being ill worried us greatly.=That my father was ill worried us greatly.

His not being present at the party annoyed the hostess.

It’s no use your pretending that you didn’t know the truth.

What angered me most was the students failing to fulfill their duties.

I think the problem is their/them not having enough time.

注意: 若动名词的逻辑主语为无生命的东西,只用普通格:

eg.) The experiment can’t be carried out because of the equipment being out of order.

The news of the new hotel catching fire shocked everyone.= The news that the new hotel caught fire shocked everyone.

The noises of the boxes being opened and closed could be heard.

存在句的非限定形式

存在句的非限定形式是there to和there being结构。这两种结构在用法上有相同点。为便于比较，我们把它们放在一起介绍。

1） 作介词补足成分

两种结构都可作介词补足成分。如果介词是for，便只能用there to be结构。

Eg.) It is too early for there to be anyone around here.

It is important for there to be a fire escape.

也能用在不及物动词+for之后:

They planned for there to be another meeting.

如果介词不是for, 则要用 there being结构。

Eg.) John was relying on there being another opportunity.

2） 作宾语

作宾语时, 通常用there to be结构。

Eg.) Members like there to be plenty of choice.

能这样用的及物动词为数有限,常见的有expect, mean, intend, want, like, prefer, hate等。

3） 作主语和状语

there being结构还能用作主语和状语。

Eg.) There being a bus stop so near the house is a great advantage.

There having been no rain, the ground was dry.

存在句的限定形式与非限定形式之间可以相互转换。

For there to be so few people in the streets was unusual.

(=It was unusual for there to be so few people in the streets.)

有时限定形式与非限定形式还可以结合使用。

Eg.) It is said that there are troops on the frontier. =There are said to be troops on the frontier.

关系代词的省略:

1. This is the fastest train there is to Beijing.

2. He asks for the latest book there is on the shelf.

3. ---- What did the football player you were talking to want?

篇3：浅谈英语非谓语动词的用法

(1) English is very important./It’s very important English.

(2) I have a friend Tom.

(3) There is a dog on the ground.

以上几个句中, learn, call, lie都是动词, 但它们在句中都不做谓语, 它们在句中都以动词的另外形式存在着:即动名词、不定式、过去分词和现在分词。这些词在英语中我们称为非限定动词, 而非限定动词在句中是不充当谓语的, 如例 (1) 中learning English和to learn English作主语, called作后置定语, lying作伴随状语。

在英语中动词有两种形式——限定式和非限定式, 也称为限定动词 (finit verbs) 和非限定动词 (non-finit verbs) 。限定动词在句中受主语限定, 独立充当谓语, 而非限定动词不受主语限定, 不能独立充当谓语, 但能充当谓语之外的其他句子成分。即非限定动词有着非谓语功能, 它们在句中可充当主语、宾语等。英语的非谓语功能在句中都是通过限定动词的形态变化表现出来的, 如, 在词尾加-ing构成现在分词或动名词, 词尾加-ed或用不规则变化形式构成过去分词, 在动词前加-to构成不定式。而学习和掌握非谓语动词在英语中的运用对学习英语是非常有帮助的。下面我将通过一些例子来谈谈英语动词的非谓语用法。

一、动名词

1.动名词作主语

(1) the problem is difficult for me.

(2) these children is my task.

2.动名词作宾语

(3) The classroom needs .

(4) I have finished the work.

3.动名词作表语

(5) His favourite sport is .

(6) Her work is the floor.

4.动名词作定语

(7) You can use a basket in the supermarket.

(8) China is a country.

5.动名词作同位语

(9) I like my job, English.

二、不定式

1.不定式作主语

(10) dogs in the park once a day is necessary./It’s necessary dogs in the park once a day.

(11) It’s impossible for us so much work in a short time./ so much work in a short time is impossible.

2.不定式作宾语

(12) He wants a book.

(13) We decide to ride bikes to school.

3.不定式作表语

(14) My job is English.

(15) Her dream is a dancer.

4.不定式作定语

(16) He is always the first to school.

(17) It’s a good place friends.

5.不定式作目的状语

(18) I went to the airport my friends from America.

(19) to the zoo, turn left when you come to the crossroads.

6.不定式作宾语补足语

(20) I want you me.

(21) He told me not in class.

三、分词 (包括现在分词和过去分词)

1.分词作表语

(22) The film is .

(23) I am in the film.

2.分词作定语

(24) Do you know the girl by the river.

(25) America is a country.

3.分词作状语

(26) The teacher came into the classroom, some books in his hand.

(27) TV, the students talked and laughed.

4.分词作宾语补足语

(28) He saw two men into the building.

(29) I felt the house when the earthquake happened.

(30) He had his hair .

篇4：非谓语动词用法对比 (中学英语教学论文)

[关键词]培养 非谓语动词 思维能力

[中图分类号] G633.41 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 16746058（2016）330022

一、问题的提出

学习英语，正确掌握非谓语动词的用法，对大多数普通中学的学生来说是一个不小的难题。尤其是对英语基础不扎实的学生来说，由于受到谓语动词时态的影响，对非谓语动词的用法既难以理解，更难以掌握。而非谓语动词在英语中运用十分广泛。因此，要学好英语，正确掌握非谓语动词的用法是一个必须解决的问题。

本人在近二十年的英语教学中体会到，非谓语动词不仅是中学英语教学的一个重点，而且也是各种考试必考的语法项目，其比重在不断增加。尤其是近年来高考对非谓语动词的考查仍是较多关注与语境的结合，在命题的出发点上仍是主要考查非谓语动词最基本的用法，同时这种考查依旧是在理解句意的基础上进行。对于非谓语动词的教学，本人在让学生理解掌握非谓语动词基本用法的基础上，教会学生弄清非谓语动词与修饰词及谓语动词的形成关系，让学生较好地掌握了非谓语动词的用法。为了帮助中学生学好英语中的非谓语动词，本人将自己对非谓语的教学经验和心得体会加以整理，希望解决中学生英语学习中存在的有关非谓语动词方面的问题

和困难，并借此机会与同行商榷。

二、利用“三种关系法”培养中学生正确掌握非谓语动词的能力的课堂教学

首先，让学生了解三种非谓语动词的基本用法、时态与语态形式的变化及其句法功能，并能在具体的语境中正确运用，见下表。

非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义

不定式一般式to doto be done不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生

进行式to bedoing不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生

完成式to havedoneto have been done不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前

现在分词/动名词

一般式doingbeing done其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或几乎同时发生

完成式havingdonehavingbeen done其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生

过去分词done及物动词的过去分词与其修饰词为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成，不及物动词的过去分词则表完成和状态其次，对非谓语动词类考题，解题时首先要通过句子结构判断出是否是非谓语动词，确定为非谓语动词后，弄清以下三种关系，从而可以正确判断应使用哪种非谓语动词。

1.找准非谓语动词所修饰的词，确定非谓语动词动作执行者或承受者的对象关系

一般而言单个非谓语动词在名词前，该名词就是它的修饰词；非谓语动词（短语）如果在名词或代词后，那么该名词或代词多为它的修饰词；如果非谓语动词短语作状语、宾语，那么句中的主语则是它的修饰词。

例1，（2014，浙江）Amie salmon， disabled ， is attended throughout her school days by a nurse （appoint） to guard her.

分析：根据句意及句子结构分析，动词短语 appoint to guard her为非谓语动词短语，其修饰词是nurse。

例2，（2012，北京）Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds （stay） away.

分析：根据句意及句子结构分析，动词短语stay away为非谓语动词短语，且在句中作定语，其修饰词是其前面的名词birds。

2.根据语境分析，判断修饰词是非谓语动词（短语）的动作执行者还是承受者，确定主动或被动关系

如果修饰语与非谓语动词是主动关系， 可以根据语境及句子结构使用非谓语动词的主动式：doing， to do， having done或to have done。如果修饰语与非谓语动词是被动关系， 可以根据语境及句子结构使用非谓语动词的被动式：being done， to be done， done， having been done ，或 to have been done。

例1，（2015北京）If （accept） for the job， you will be informed soon.

分析：根据句意及句子结构分析，动词短语accept for the job为非谓语动词短语，且在句中作条件状语，其修饰词是句中的主语you。根据句意，修饰词you与非谓语动词是被动关系，依据非语动词的基本用法，故空格上应填入accepted.

例2，（2014，广西）Today there are more airplanes （carry） more people than ever before in the skies.

分析：根据句意及句子结构分析，动词短语carry more people than ever before in the skies为非谓语动词短语，且在句中作定语，其修饰词是前面的名词airplanes。根据句意，修饰词airplanes与非谓语动词是主动关系，依据非谓语动词的基本用法，故空格上应填入carrying.

3.根据语境分析，判断非谓语动词（短语）动作与谓语动作发生的时间关系

整体而言，非谓语动词（短语）动作与谓语动作发生在时间上有三种关系：较先于谓语发生、几乎与谓语同时发生、后于谓语发生。如果非谓语动词（短语）动作明显先于谓语发生，可以根据语境及句子结构使用非谓语动词having done， having been done， to have done或 to have been done；如果非谓语动词（短语）动作几乎与谓语同时发生，可以根据语境及句子结构使用非谓语动词doing， done， to be doing或being done；如果非谓语动词（短语）动作后于谓语发生，可以根据语境及句子结构使用非谓语动词to do， 或to be done.

例1，（2014，福建） （spend） the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong， Linda appears more mature than those of her age.

分析：根据句意及句子结构分析，动词短语spend the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong为非谓语动词短语，且在句中作状语，其修饰词是句中的主语Linda。非谓语动词spend这个动作明显先于谓语动词appear发生， 故用现在分词的完成式Having spent。

例2，（2014，北京）Last night， there were millions of people （watch）the opening ceremony live on TV.

分析：根据句意及句子结构分析，动词短语watch the opening ceremony live on TV为非谓语动词短语，且在句中做定语，其修饰词是people。非谓语动词watch这个动作与谓语be动词were同时发生， 故用现在分词watching。

三、总结

在教学实践中，本人让学生找准非谓语动词的修饰词，并以此弄清非谓语动作执行或承受者的对象关系；弄清修饰词与非谓语动作的主动或被动关系及非谓语动作与谓语动作发生的时间关系。让学生在课堂中通过思考、提问、评判的过程掌握非谓语动词的用法，培养了学生正确使用非谓语动词的思维能力，提高了解决非谓语动词学习过程中问题的能力，让学生从“学会” 转变成“会学”。

在非谓语动词教学中，本人利用“三种关系法”培养学生掌握非谓语动词用法的思维能力，认为这是一种以创新精神和实践能力的培养为重点的教学方式，同时也是一种师生交往、共同发展的互动过程。其较好地处理了传授知识与培养能力的关系，并引导学生在学习过程中质疑、探究，使学生的学习成为在教师指导下主动进行的过程，体现了新课改的教学理念。

篇5：非谓语动词的用法总结

1.不定式（todo）：做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。

2.动名词（doing）：做主语、宾语、表语、定语。

3.现在分词（doing）：做表语、定语、状语和补语。

篇6：非谓语动词用法对比 (中学英语教学论文)

及物动词的过去分词具有被动意义，不及物动词具有主动意义，表示已经发生过的事情。如：

The bird caught yesterday is a swallow.

Look at the fallen leaves. Oh, there are still falling leaver over there.

1．表语 可以作表语的过去分词较多，如amused, annoyed, astonished, attracted, bored, broken, closed, completed, connected, covered, crowded, decided, delighted, disappointed, discouraged, dressed, drunk, encouraged, embarrassed, excited, experienced, fascinated, finished, frightened, gone, injured, interested, inspired, known, lined, lost, married, moved, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, seated, shocked, shut, stationed, surprised, surrounded, tired, upset, worried等。

The door remained locked.

Marry seemed worried at the news.

2．宾补 作宾补的过去分词一般来自及物动词，表示被动和完成的状态。能接过去分词作宾补的动词有：

1） 表示感觉和心理活动的动词：see, hear, watch, feel, think等。

Everyone thought the battle lost.

We found her greatly changed.

2） 表示“使役”的动词：make, get, have, keep等。

She made it known that she had bought a new car.

Jane got her bad tooth pulled out.

I have my hair cut every month.

King Louis XIV had his head cut off in the revolution.

Let’s keep the door closed.

3） 表示“希望，要求”的动词：like, would like, want, wish等。

I want the book (to be) returned before Friday.

He won’t like such questions (to be) discussed at the meeting.

The readers wished the story (to be)continued.

I’d like the egg well done.

3．主语和宾语 名词化的过去分词，如the wounded，可以作主语和宾语。

The oppressed will rise up in no time.

They have sent the wounded to hospital.

The old worker often helps the inexperienced.

4．定语

1）前置定语 及物动词的过去分词具有被动意义，不及物动词具有主动意义，表示已经发生过的事情。

All the broken windows have been repaired.

a closed shop, an honoured guest, a defeated army, an unbroken record,

a badly-built house, a newly-published book, highly-developed industries,

man-made satellites, hand-made products, the risen sun, the fallen flowers.

注意：（1）有些过去分词可以由very或too修饰，还可以用于比较，如well-built, disappointed, well-dressed, excited, frightened, interested, limited, pleased, relaxed, satisfied, su rprised, tired, unexpected, unsettled, worried等。

（2）但是有些过去分词不能受very或too修饰，必须用very much, greatly, well, completely, half, hardly等修饰。如：

It’s a well/hardly/half finished job.

That was a greatly/very much admired performance.

2）后置定语 多用过去分词短语。

This novel is the best of its kind ever written.

He is a man loved by all.

I hate to read letters written in pencil.

请比较：You’re invited to the party to be given next Sunday.

5．状语 多来自及物动词，修饰主句谓语动词，其逻辑主语就是主句的主语。

1）原因状语 常放于句首

Filled with excitement, this is more than a novel about war.

The children, worn out, fell asleep at once.

Deeply moved by his words, Dr. Simpson agreed to go with him.

2）时间或条件状语

Heated, water changes into steam..(=When/If water is heated…)

United, we stand; divided, we fall.

3) 伴随状语

The boys watched the program, fascinated.

She sat at her desk, lost in thought.

注意：过去分词作状语时，前面往往带when, if, while, though, as if，这样就能使过去分词结构所表示的意义更加明确，这一结构可以看作是省略句，省略的是“主语+be”，主语必须与主句的主语相同。

If/When heated, water changes into steam.

Though surrounded, the soldiers were not discouraged.

Even if invited, I won’t go.

He stood there still, as if absorbed in the beautiful sight.

总 表

主语 宾语 表语 定语 宾补 状语

不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √

动名词 √ √ √ √

篇7：非谓语动词用法讲座---动名词

一、主语

Reading is learning, but using is also learning.

Seeing is believing.

It’s interesting planning a holiday.

但是表语形容词是important, necessary等时，只能用不定式，如：

It’s important to learn English by using it.

动名词复合结构作主语时，逻辑主语不论是名词还是代词，常用属格，如：

Her going there won’t do any harm.

It is no use Mary’s pretending that she didn’t know the rules.

二、表语(表示主语的内容)

Seeing is believing.

Our duty is serving the people heart and soul.

What she hated most was resting at home and doing nothing.

My job is teaching English.

注意：有时不定式作表语可以表示将来时，如：

We are to go to the new museum for a visit tomorrow.

区别的诀窍是表语不定式可以和主语对调，如：

Teaching English is my job.

三、宾语

1． 只接动名词作宾语的动词有：be used to, consider, delay,. dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, feel like, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, keep (on), look forward to, mind, miss, practise, put off, resist, pardon, risk, suggest, permit, allow, forbid, advise, set about等。

I can’t risk missing the train.

I don’t mind Jane/ Jane’s buying another one.

2．接动名词和不定式作宾语都可以的动词有：

1) 动名词和不定式意义基本一致的动词：like, love, hate, begin, start, continue, prefer, need, want, deserve等；

Jack loves listening / to listen to pop music.

My hair needs cutting.= My hair needs to be cut.

2) 动名词和不定式意义有些差别的动词：remember, forget, try, help,mean, stop, go on等。

I remember posting the letter.

I will remember to post the letter.

I’ve quite forgotten putting it there.

I forgot to put it there.

He tried to write better.

He tried writing better with a brush.

I couldn’t help finishing reading the book.

I’m sorry I can’t help finish doing the job.

Do you mean to tell me you didn’t post it?

If you didn’t do it, it will mean waiting for a long time.

They stopped talking.

They stopped to talk.

He went on pointing out mistakes in the paper.

He went on to point out mistakes in the paper.

注意：regret的用法。

He regretted missing(= having missed = to have missed) the last train.

四、定语（表示被修饰的名词的性能或用途）

freezing point, living room, sleeping car, waiting room, dining room, writing dest, walking stick, washing machine, smoking room等。

篇8：论英语动词及非谓语动词的学习

关键词：英语动词,非谓语动词,学习及运用

动词在英语中是非常重要的词汇, 掌握了动词及非谓语动词的学习规律, 也就为今后从事英语翻译工作找到了一把金钥匙。

1动词的分类及用法

英语动词分为四类:联系动词、助动词、情态动词和实义动词, 实义动词又分为及物动词和非及物动词:四类动词中, 联系动词起联系主语和表语的作用, 助动词是帮助动词完成各种时态、语态和语气的词, 情态动词说明说话人的情感和方式, 这些动词都不能单独作谓语, 必须和其他词类一起构成谓语;只有实义动词才能单独作谓语。动词是非常重要的词类, 对动词和动词构成的各种形式的理解是理解英语的关键所在。学习动词, 除了记住以上不同类别的动词形式以外, 最重要的就是记住动词的三要素, 即时态、语态和语气的构成及用法。

1.1时态的构成和用法

时 (time) 指行为动作发生的时间, 态 (tense) 表示动作或行为发生的方式。无任是听说还是阅读, 理解英语首先要从谓语的时间和方式上去看。英语中一共有十六个时态, 但有些时态用得较少。下面介绍经常使用的十一种时态的构成和基本用法, 掌握时态的构成和用法最好从动作或行为的完成方式入手, 这样便于记忆:

一般时态4个, 即:a) 现在一般时, 指现在经常发生的动作或行为, 用动词的现在式, 系动词be按人称变化为 (am, is, are) 。b) 过去一般时, 指过去经常发生的动作或行为 (was, were) 。c) 将来一般时, 指将来经常发生的行为或动作, 有明确的将来时间壮语, 用shall, will加动词原形。d) 过去将来一般时, 指发生在过去的以后的行为或动作, 用would (should) 加动词原形。进行时态3个, 表示某个时间段内正在发生的行为或动作, 译成汉语时, 在谓语前通常有“在、正在”等字样, 如:a) 现在进行时, 用联系动词be的现在变化形式加现在分词构成。b) 过去进行时, 用联系动词be的过去式形式加现在分词构成。c) 将来进行时, 用shall, will加系动词be加现在分词构成。完成时态3个, 表示动作或行为发生在过去、完成在现在并影响到将来的动作或行为。b) 过去完成时, 用had加动词的过去分词构成。c) 将来完成时, 用shall (或will) 加have加动词的过去分词构成。

1.2语态的构成及用法

语态是动词的一种形式, 一般来说, 及物动词都有主动和被动两个语态, 决定用什么语态, 主要看动词与主语的关系。英语中大多用主动语态, 但如果动作的施动者不知道是谁或不需要提及时, 通常就要用被动语态。动词是主动语态或被动语态也不是绝对的, 有时可以互换。一般来说, 能用主动语态表达的意思, 最好用主动语态。

(1) 主动语态的构成及用法:

当句子主语是谓语动作的施动者 (发出行为的人) 时, 用主动语态, 其构成形式是:主语加谓语动词的变化形式加其他成分, 根据动词时态的形式可构成现在式、过去式、将来式和过去将来式如:It was Lao Zhang who wrote that article in 1989.是老张1989年写的那篇文章。

(2) 被动语态的构成及用法:

当句子主语是谓语动词的受动者 (接受动作的人或事物) 时, 或不知道主语是谁和没有必要说出主语时, 需用被动语态。其构成形式是:联系动词be的各种变化形式加上过去分词。其用法与主动语态一样, 也可以用各种时态 (不包括完成进行时态) , 同时, 被动语态也可按主动语态来翻译, 如要翻译成被动语态, 通常带有“被——”等字样, 如:Lao Zeng, you are wanted in the office.老曾, 办公室有事找你。

(3) 主动语态和被动语态的相互转变:

主动语态和被动语态可以相互转变, 但只是以下几种句型, 如:主—谓—宾句型、主—谓—宾—宾句型和主—谓—复合宾语句型等可以按自己的需要进行变化。主—谓—宾句型变为被动结构时, 先将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语, 然后将主动结构中谓语动词的主动语态变为被动语态, 最后在谓语动词之后加介词by, 再加上原主语 (注意, 这时已经变成介词by的宾语了) , 这种变化不影响汉语翻译, 如:主动结构:Professor Johnson taught English in our college.被动结构:English was taught by Professor Johnson in our college.汉语翻译:约翰逊教授在我们学院教英语。主—谓—宾—宾句型中有两个宾语, 一个是人 (称为间接宾语) , 一个是物 (称为直接宾语) , 这种结构变为被动语态时, 只把其中任何一个宾语变为主语, 另一个保留不变, 如果保留的是间接宾语, 则应在其前面加介词to或for, 这时by 短语可以省略, 但是省略后汉语翻译意思也有所不同了, 如:主动结构:He told her an interesting story.他给她讲了一个有趣的故事。间接宾语变主语:She was told an interesting story.她听了一个有趣的故事。直接宾语变主语:An interesting story was told to her.有人给她讲了一个有趣的故事。主—谓—复合宾语 (宾语加宾语补足语) 结构变为被动语态时, 只将主动结构中的第一个宾语变为被动结构中的主语, 第二个是宾语补足语保持不变, 但翻译汉语时带有“被”字样, 如:主动结构:They chose Zhang Lin monitor.他们选张林为班长。被动结构:Zhang Lin was chosen monitor.张林被选为班长。

(4) 相关结构的被动语态:

情态动词can (could) , must, should, need 和非谓语动词结构 (参看非谓语动词的构成和用法) 也可变成被动语态, 如:They could finish their own work.他们能自己完成自己的工作。

1.3语气的构成及用法

英语动词的另外一个须掌握的要素就是语气, 语气可用来表示说话人的目的和意图。英语有四种语气:陈述语气用来陈述一个事实或看法;疑问语气用来提出问题;祈使语气用来提出请求、邀请、忠告、警告或命令;本文以虚拟语气为例加以分析。虚拟语气用在虚拟条件句中, 可表示过去、现在或将来情况, 还可用在某些从句中。英语中表示能实现的条件句中使用动词的现在式, 而不能实现的条件句中使用动词的过去式 (联系动词be一律改为were) , 如:真实条件 (可实现的) :条件从句用现在式, 主句用现在式或将来式:If you can do that, so can I.如果你能干, 我也能干。虚拟条件 (不可能实现的) :条件从句用过去式, 主句用过去式或过去将来式:If I were you, I would like to go with them.如果我是你的话, 我一定和他们一块去了。 (可惜我不是你)

2非谓语动词的构成及用法

非谓语动词是实义动词的变化形式, 除了不能作谓语外, 具备动词的所有特征。非谓语动词分为三类, 不定式、动名词和分词 (含现在分词和过去分词) ;不定式由小品词to加动词原形构成, 动名词由动词加ing构成, 现在分词同动名词的构成方式, 过去分词一般由原形动词加ed构成, 下面分四个方面予以介绍:

2.1动词不定式的构成及用法

在原形动词前加小品词to, 在有些结构中 (如:祈使句和hope后) , 这个小品词可以省略, 虽然不能单独作谓语, 但含有动词的其他功能, 如, 可以有自己的宾语和壮语, 还可以在句子中担当主语、宾语、定语、壮语和表语。无任作什么成分, 动词不定式一般都指发生在谓语动词之后的动作或行为, 如:不定式直接作主语:To see is to believe.眼见为实。不定式带有自己的宾语和壮语一起在句子中作主语时, 通常借用it作先行词的结构, 这样主要是避免头重脚轻, 这样的句式很多, 如:It’s important to tell her something about the exam.告诉她一些考试的情况是重要的。不定式还可以作表语、宾语、定语、状语等, 如:Don’t trouble me, I have many things to do.别烦我, 我有许多要做的事。We are willing to follow you.我们自愿跟着你。

2.2动名词和现在分词的构成及用法

动名词和现在分词的形式一样, 都是在动词的后面加ing构成, 动词加ing分直接和部分改动再加两种形式, 动词的ing形式在句中是动名词还是现在分词, 主要看在句中的作用, 动名词主要起名词作用, 在句中作主语、表语、宾语、介词宾语等;而现在分词不能起名词作用, 相当于动词的部分、形容词、副词的作用, 在句中作谓语的部分 (主要构成进行时态谓语) 、表语、定语和壮语等, 如:以下为动名词:Talking mends no holes.空谈于事无补。以下为现在分词:Where are you going?你到哪里去?

2.3过去分词可作谓语的一部分、表语、定语、壮语和补足语

如:Have you been abroad?你到过外国吗?They had gone to Beijing when I went to see him last week.上周我去看他, 他到北京去了。

3非谓语动词在句中作相同句子成分的区别

非谓语动词在句子中作相同句子成分时是有一定区别的, 尽管有些区别对句子的意思损伤不大, 我们还是有必要弄清楚这些区别, 特别是研究语言的时候。这里我们只就一些主要的区别进行简述, 如:动词不定式和动名词作主语、表语、宾语、定语等的区别:一般说来, 动词不定式强调的是较具体的动作和结果本身, 动词不定式多用来表示将来的动作和行为:动名词强调的是较抽象的习惯和过程, 多用来总结过去的习惯或过程, 如:To say a word is not difficult for you at this time.这个时候你说句话不是难事吧!They all got on the sleeping car.他们都上了卧铺车。

动名词和现在分词作表语和定语的区别:动名词起名词的作用多, 作表语时, 相当于句子的主语, 现在分词作表语, 相当于形容词, 有时可以通过在它前面加个副词very验证, 能加的是现在分词, 反之为动名词;现在分词作定语时与所定词有逻辑主谓关系, 而动名词则没有, 如:His conduct was sickening.他的行为令人作呕。

现在分词和过去分词作表语、定语和壮语的区别:一般说来, 用现在分词有主动未完成的含义, 而过去分词有被动和完成的含义, 如:The most important thing is developing at this moment.此刻最重要的事是发展。They were confused at the story.那个故事把他们搞糊涂了。

美国著名语法学家夸克说过, 最好的方法是自己通过努力找到的适合自己的学习方法。我相信, 有了可供借鉴的方法也是能节约时间的最好方法。

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