megandmog英文字幕

第一篇：megandmog英文字幕

芭比之森林公主英文字幕

Barbie as the Island Princess

Role:

南浩宇：Pirnce--- Antonio

张辰阳：scienctist---Frazer

杨云清：princess---Ro

刘辰：Peacock---Azul

秦琪：elephant---Tika

张志恒：Red panda---Sagi

Prince: (Laughts) The fast way to see the island.

Frazer: Oh! Deep shadows, overhanging foliage.

Yes, this is the ideal habitat for….

Prince: Crocodiles

Frazer: Why, yes. How’d you know?

I see.

Prince: No sudden movements, Frazer

Frazer: (whimpers 呜咽声，呜咽着说) Wouldn’t dream of it, Your Highness.

--(growls 咆哮)

--(gasps 喘气)

Prince: Point for you.

Ro:Riki !Taj !Kiki !That’s enough!

--(growls)

Fang, don’t even think about it.

--(grumbles 嘟囔，隆隆作响)

Prince: Is she taling to the crocodiles?

Ro: (laughs) No, not even a little piece. Now, swim along! Thank you! Ah, sorry about that.

We’re not used to visitors. Who are you?

Prince: Who are you?

“Ro”…Is that your name?

Ro: I think so.

Prince: so you don’t remember anything? Your family? Where you’re from? Ro: Sagi tells me I came from the sea a long time ago.

Price: Well, maybe a shipwreck? (海难，遇难船)

Ro: I don’t know. I don’t remember.

Prince: Who’s sagi?

Ro: You can come out now. They won’t bite. Sagi, Tika and Azul.

Frazer: My goodness! A red panda, elephant and peacock, Your Highness. Prince: You saved us, Now let us save you. Come back to my kingdom.

Ro: --I… I still don’t know your name.

Frazer: How silly of me. May I introduce Prince Antonio of the kingdom of Appolonia. Azul: Did he say “prince”? “kindom”? Perhaps we’re related.

(cawing 乌鸦似的叫)

Ro:Ok, ok, Azul, we get it. He’s a prince, you’re a prince.

Prince: You really understand him?

Ro: Yes. Don’t you?

Prince: No, all I hear is …(caws)

Azul: Humph! I don’t soud anything like that.

Ro: Now, Azul, don’t get upset.

Frazer: Extraordinary! Talks to animals…

Prince: This is Frazer, my friend and royal scientist.

Frazer: I have so much to ask you.

Prince: Ro… come with us. To civilisation. (n.文明)

Ro: Civilisation?

Prince : What lies beyond the horizon. A world of people like you and me. Tika: Are you really thinking of leaving? You can’t mean it, Ro!

Azul: I think it’s a great idea!

Ro: hamm.

Sagi: Ro?

注：overhanging:v. 悬于…之上 / foliage:n.树叶 / habitat:栖息地

时长：3分47秒

第二篇：王力宏英文演讲字幕

王力宏牛津大学演讲稿中英对照：

Thank you, Plena. Thank you, Jun. Thank you, Peishan for helping this set up. 谢谢波琳娜，谢谢君，谢谢珮姗帮我组织这一切。

Thank you all for being here today and the late comers as well. Thank you for coming in quietly. 谢谢在座的各位，谢谢晚来的同学，也谢谢你们悄悄的进来。

I wanna start off today just to take a moment of silence for the victims of the Sichuan earthquake and also for the victims of the Boston marathon bombing. So let’s just take a minute to pay our respect to that. 今天开始之前，我想要先为四川地震的灾民们以及波士顿马拉松爆炸事件的受害者们默哀。让我们用一分钟时间，为他们祈福。

Thank you. 谢谢你们。

I never thought I would be addressing you, the esteemed members of the Oxford Union, without a guitar or an Erhu, without my crazy stage hair, costumes. But I did perform in the O2 Arena in London last week. I am not sure if any of you were able to make that. But in many ways, that was similar to what I’m talking about today, that is, introducing Chinese pop music here.

尊敬的各位牛津大学辩论会和牛津大学亚太学生会的同学们，万万想不到会以这样的方式跟你们相聚。没有吉他和二胡，没有夸张的舞台装也没有“火力全开”头。不过上周确实在伦敦的O2体育馆表演过了。不知道大家有没有去看呢。 但是，从各方面来说，这些跟我们今天的话题都有密切的关联。那就是-介绍华流音乐。

See, I am actually an ambassador of Chinese pop, whether I like it or not, both music and movies. And today I’m here to give you the state of union address. It’s not the Oxford Union. It’s the union of east and west. I wanna frankly, openly and honestly talk about how we’ve done a good job or how we’ve done a bad job of bringing Chinese pop to the west. And I also want to press upon all of you here today the importance of that soft culture, that soft power exchange and how each of us is involved in that exchange. 其实无论我喜不喜欢，我都被认为在代表者华流音乐以及电影。那么今天，我就要来做一次“国情咨文”报告了。但是，这个“国”不是牛津，而是东西方的一个联合体。我想跟你们聊一聊，我们在将华语音乐引入西方社会方面所做的事情，无论是成就，还是不足。我都会坦诚布公。同时，我也想借此机会给你们留下这样一个印记：软实力交流的重要性以及它同我们每个人的相关程度。

Soft power, a term I am sure you are all familiar with this point 软实力这个词我相信大家都不陌生。这个概念是由Rhodes Scholar 和牛津校友Joseph Nye 提出的。

Coined by Rhodes Scholar and Oxford alumnus Joseph Nye is defined as the ability to attract and persuade. 被定义为一种“吸引”和“说服”的能力。 Shashi Tharoor called it, in a recent TED Talk, the ability for a culture to tell a compelling story and influence others to fall in love with it.

Shashi Tharoor 在最近的一次TED演讲中把它定义为“一种文化让其他文化在听了他动人的故事之后受到影响并爱上这种文化”的能力。

I like that definition. 我很喜欢这个定义。

But I want to put it in collegiate term for all you students in the audience: The way I see it, east and west are kinda like freshman roommates.

但是我想用贴近你们在做大学生们的方式来解释这个词。在我看来，东方跟西方在某种程度上，像是两个大一刚入学的新生舍友。

You don’t know a lot about each other but suddenly you are living together in the same room. And each one is scared that the other’s gonna steal his shower time or wants a party when the other wants to study.

两个几乎陌生的人，突然来到同一个屋檐下，其中一个总是怕另一个会跟他抢洗澡的时间，或者在他想要学习的时候大开趴体。

It has the potential to be absolute hell, doesn’t it? We all had horrible stories of THAT roommate. We’ve all heard about those stories. I know a lot of students here in Oxford have your own separate bedrooms. But when I was a freshman at Williams College, I was not so safe and fortunate. 这种关系很可能就变成跟地狱一样了，不是么?“我的室友是极品”的故事大家都讲得出来。这些事我都有耳闻。还有我知道牛津这儿的很多同学都一人一间的对吧，但是，在我刚上威廉姆斯学院的时候，我并不幸运，而且人身安全堪忧。

(You are kidding me. Woo-hoo! All right, all right!Great. ) 哇，你还真的是我们学校的!好吧，好棒!

Well, I had a roommate, and he was THAT roommate. Let’s just call him Frank. So Frank was my roommate and Frank liked nothing more than to smoke weed. And he did it every day.

我当时就有一个这样的极品舍友，让我们暂且叫他frank。这个frank 就是那种好像除了抽大麻没有别的爱好的人。而且他每天都抽。

And Frank had a two-foot long bong under his bed that was constantly being fired up. For those Chiese speakers in the audience. Frank would “火力全开” on that bong every day.

他床底下有一个两英尺长的烟斗，持续不断的得点着。给在做讲中文的同学们形容下，就是他每天会对着那个烟斗火力全开

All right 好吧。

So, I guess I was kinda of the opposite of Bill Clinton who “tried marijuana but didn’t inhale”. I didn’t try marijuana but I did inhale, every single day, second hand. And strangely enough every time I dwelt into our bedroom, I mysteriously end up being late for class. I don’t know how it happened. It was like “Dude, it is already ten o’clock?”.

我可能在这点上算是跟Bill Clinton 相反吧。Bill Clinton 是那种“我试过大麻，但我不上瘾。”我不抽大麻，但是我每天都在吸啊吸，而且还是二手的。奇怪的是，只要我在我们的卧室里，我最后都会稀里糊涂地上课迟到。我也不知道怎么回事。我当时就是那副吸了大麻的样子，嘿，已经十点了吗?

So, how many of you have lived with the Frank, or could be a Frank Gat? Having a roommate can be a recipe for disaster, but it also has the potential for being the greatest friendship you’ve ever had. See, Frank, he didn’t make it the second year. And I got two new roommates second year, Stephen and Jason. And in this day, the three of us are the best friends.

你们中有多少人有过frank那样的舍友呢?或者，你们也像他一样。所以有一个室友可能是一场灾难的开始。但也可能会酿造一段非凡的友谊。Frank第二年就辍学了。于是我换了两个新的舍友，Stefan 和 Jason。如今，我们三个是铁哥们。

So going back to my analogy, of east and west as roommates. Do we want to be Frank, or do we want to be Stephen and Jason? And I think, in this day and age of 2013, we should all be striving for the latter, should we…I mean I’m assuming that we all agree that this is the goal we should all be striving for. 回过头来看我的那个类比，我们东方和西方的舍友。是应该成为frank那样的存在，还是想像Stefan 和 Jason那样呢?我认为在当时当下，在2013，我们应该努力成为后者。我们应该， 我是说，我想在这一目标上我们是可以达成共识的，对吧? Let’s look at where we are in reality. Recent headlines in the media include, Foreign Policy Magazine: China’s victim complex. Why are Chinese leaders so paranoid about the United States? Or the AFP, the Agence France-Presse, human rights in China worsening US finds. Bloomberg says, on the cover of its magazine, “yes, the Chinese Army is spying on you.”

那么，回过头来，正视我们在现实中的处境。看看最近的新闻头条：《外交政策》杂志上的，“中国的受害者情节：为何中国领导人如此猜忌美国”或者法新社的财经杂志《彭博商业周刊》上说，“没错，中国军队正在测探你。”

And it’s such a great one that I just want to show you the cover of the magazine. Yes. Be very afraid! Ok, is it shown to you right? OK. So there’s actually an extremely high amount of negativity and fear and anxiety about China, sinophobia, that I think is not just misinformed, but also misleading and ultimately dangerous, very dangerous.

这个特别逗，我来给你们展示一下这封面。是的，特别恐慌有木有!方向那对的吧，嗯，对的。当今对于中国有太多的负面东西。恐华情绪很严重。我觉得这种现象不仅是一种误传同时也是一种误导。这是很可怕的，超级可怕。

And what about how westerners are viewed by Chinese? Well, we have terms for westerners. The most common of which are gweilo in Cantonese, which means “the old devil”, lao wai, meaning the old outsider in mandarin, ang moh, which means the “red hairy one” in Taiwanese. The list goes on and on. So are these roommates headed for a best friend relationship? I think we need a little help. And as China rises to be global power, I think it is more important than ever for us to be discerning about what we believe, because after all, I think that’s the purpose of higher education.

那么，中国人又是如何看待西方的呢?我们对西方人的称呼五花八门。大家熟知的有：香港人叫他们“鬼佬”，字面上就是“老妖”。大陆人叫他们老外，字面上就是“蛮夷”。还有台湾人叫他们“红毛”。还真说不完呢。这看上去像是能发展成一段最佳友谊的舍友关系吗?我认为我们得治治病。随着中国实力不断强大，看清楚应该相信什么这一点空前重要。因为，归根结底，这就是高等教育的目的。

And that’s why we are all here: to be able to think for ourselves and make our own decisions. China’s not just those headlines, the burgeoning economy of the unique politics. It’s not just the world’s factory or the next big superpower, it’s so much more. A billion people with rich culture, amazing stories and as a product of both of those cultures, I want to help foster understanding between the two, and help create that incredible relationship. 这就是我们坐在这里的原因：有能力独立思考，自主选择。中国当然不能通过那些新闻头条来定义。也不只是所谓的特殊政策下快速增长的经济。中国不仅仅是一个世界工厂，也不仅仅是未来超级大国。中国的意义价值远大于此。一个拥有十几亿人口，丰富悠久的历史文化与传奇故事的民族。作为中西两种文化的共同产物，我特别想要帮忙在两种文化之间培养起一种互相的理解，建立起一种很美好的情谊。

Because knowing both sides of the coin, I really think that there is a love story waiting to be told, waiting to unfold. And I am only half-joking when I said love story because I believe it is, the stories that will save us, will bring us together. And my thesis statement for today’s talk is that, the relationship between the east and west needs to be and can be fixed via pop culture. That’s a big fat plan. And I am gotta trying to back it up! 但凡事都有两面，所以我认为这背后蕴含着一个亟待讲述的爱情故事。我说“爱情故事”不完全在说笑。因为我相信，这些关于爱的故事能够拯救我们，把我们凝聚在一起。我今天讲的主题就是，通过流行文化修复东西方世界的关系。好宏伟的计划有木有啊!我会想办法讲明白的。

The UN Secretary general Bunki Boo said: “There are no language required in musical world.” That is the power of music. That is the power of the heart. Through this promotion of arts, we can better understand that the culture and civilizations of other people. In this era of instability and intolerance, we need to promote better understanding through the power of music.

联合国秘书长潘基文说过，在音乐的世界里，沟通时无需语言的。这就是音乐的力量。这就是人心的力量。通过发扬艺术，我们才能够更好的了解其他民族的文明与文化。在这个动荡不安，人与人之间不甚宽容的年代，我们需要利用音乐的力量来更好的了解彼此。

Now the UN Secretary General thinks we need more music, and I think he is right. Music and arts have always played the key role in my life in building relationships, replacing what once was the ignorance, fear and hatred with acceptance, friendships and even love. So I have a strong case for promoting music between cultures because it happened to me early in life. 联合国秘书长认为我们需要更多的音乐。这一点我很赞同。音乐和艺术一直在我的生命中占据着很重要的地位。音乐和艺术的力量能够帮助建立人与人之间的关系，用包容，友谊和爱来驱逐因为无知的仇恨而产生的恐惧。在不同文化之间推广音乐这一点上，我自己的童年时期的经历是一个最好的例证。

I was born and raised in Rochester, New York. I barely spoke a word of Chinese. I didn’t know the difference between Taiwan or Thailand. I was… That’s true. I was as American as apple pie. Until one day, on a third grade playground, the inevitable finally happened. I got teased for being Chinese. Now every kid gets teased or made fun on the playground, but this was fundamentally different. And I knew it right then and there. This kid, let’s call him Bryan M. He started making fun of me, saying “ Chinese, Japanese, dirty knees, look at these.” I can’t believe you are laughing at that and that hurts. OK, I am just kidding. I can still remember how I felt. I felt ashamed. I felt embarrassed.

我在纽约的罗切斯特长大，几乎不会说中文。我连“台湾”和“泰国”这两个词都分不清楚。那是真的!我那时是个地地道道的美国人。直到我上了三年级，有一天在操场上，不可避免的事情终于发生了。因为中国人的血统，我第一次被人嘲笑了。当然一起玩的小孩都会互相戏弄开玩笑，但这次绝对不同。这点当时我立马就感觉到了。我们暂且管那个孩子叫Bryan M吧。它开始嘲笑我说，中国人，日本人，脏膝盖，快来看。(英文还押韵)你们居然还笑，我太受伤了!好吧，我只是开个玩笑。我依然能够记得我当时的感觉。我感觉特别丢脸，特别尴尬。 But I laughed along with him, with everyone. I didn’t know what else to do. It was like having a out-of-body experience, as if I could laugh at that Chinese kid on the playground with all the other Americans because I was one of them. Right? Wrong. On may levels.

但是我当时跟着所有其他人一直在笑。年幼的我并不知道该怎么办。当时感觉好像灵魂出窍一样。好像我能够和操场上其他美国孩子一起嘲笑中国人，我就是他们当中一员了。这种想法可取吗?当然不可取，而且是大错特错。

And I was facing in front of the first but definitely not the last time, the harsh reality that I was minority in Rochester, which in those days had an Asian population of one percent. 那是我第一次感受到一件残酷而现实的事实。我属于一个少数群体，但那绝不是最后一次。在那个时代的罗切斯特，亚洲人口特别少，几乎之占当地人口的百分之一。

And I was confused. I wanted to punch Brian. I wanted to hurt him for putting me in that situation. But he was faster than me and he was stronger than me. And he would kick my butt and we both knew that. So I just took it in. And I didn’t tell anyone or share with anyone these feelings. I just held them in and I let them fester. And those feelings would surface in a strangely therapeutic way for me through music. And it was no coincidence that around that time I started getting good with the violin, the guitar, and the drums. And I would soon discover that by playing music or singing, other kids would, for a brief moment, forget about my race or color and accept me and then be able to see me for who I truly am, a human being who’s emotional, spiritual, curious about the world and has a need for love, just like everyone else.

我当时心里很乱，我很想把bryan 打一顿。他让我陷入那种窘境，因此我也要让他难过。但是他身材比我壮，出手也比我快。如果和他打架，我一定会被揍得更惨。这一点我们都知道。所以我就忍了下来。我从来没有告诉过别人。也没发泄什么感受。一直自己忍着，想让他们烂在心底就好了。后来慢慢地，这些感受在音乐里竟然十分巧妙地把我治愈了。我那个时候对小提琴，吉他，鼓都越来越得心应手，当然不是巧合。我渐渐发现，当我演奏或者唱歌的时候，其他孩子便会忘记我的种族或我的肤色。而真正接受我，了解真正的我，哪怕只是一小会。每当这个时候，他们就会发现，我跟他们都是一样的人。我也对世界充满感性的好奇和想象，我也需要爱。

And by the six grade, guess who asked me if I would be the drummer for his band? Brian. And I said yes. And that’s when we together formed the elementary school rock band called Nirvana. I am not kidding. I wan in the rock band called Nirvana before Kurt Cobain’s Nirvana was ever known. So when Nirvana came out, Bryan and I were like “Hey, he’s stealing our name.” But, really what attracted me to music at this young age was just this and it’s still what I love about music is that it breaks down the walls between us and shows us so quickly the truth that we are much more alike than we are different. Then in high school, I learned that music wasn’t just about connecting with other, like Bryan and I were connected through music. It was a powerful tool of influence and inspiration.

到了六年级的时候，猜猜谁拉我加入他的乐队当鼓手?对，就是Bryan，我答应了。于是Bryan跟我一起，组成了我们小学的摇滚乐队：涅槃乐队。是真的我没开玩笑。我们的乐队在科特柯本的涅槃乐队之前就有了。所以后来涅槃乐队出道的时候，我跟Bryan还嚷嚷，嘿，他盗用我们的名字!所以在那么小的时候，我就发现了音乐的迷人之处。当然这迷人之处也是我至今热爱音乐的原因之一。那就是，音乐能打破人与人之间的隔阂，能让我们那么快就看到彼此的相似点，而不是那些不同之处。后来上了高中，我学到了更多，音乐不仅仅能够沟通彼此，就像我跟Bryan通过音乐结缘一样。它同时也是一股强大的影响他人，激励他人的力量。

Sam Wayne was my high school janitor. He was an immigrant from Vietnam who barely spoke a word of English. Sam scrubbed the floors and cleaned the bathrooms in our school for twenty years. And he never talked to the kids and the kids never talked to Sam. But one day, before the opening night of our school’s annual musical, he walked up to me, holding a letter. And I was taken aback. I was thinking, “Why is Sam the janitor approaching me? And he gave me this letter that I have kept to this day. It was scrawled in a shaky hand written in all in capitals. And I read: “In all my years of working as a genitor at Sutherland, you are the first Asian boy that played the lead role. I am gonna bring my six-year-old daughter to watch you perform tonight because I want her to see that Asians can be inspiring.” And that letter just floored me. I was fifteen years old and I was absolutely stunned. That’s the first time I realized how music was so important.

Sam Wayne是我们学校的门卫。他是越南侨民。几乎从来不说英语。Sam在我们学校做了二十几年的清洁工，擦地板，扫厕所。却从来没跟学生们说过话。学生们也从不跟他说话。但是一天，我们学校一年一度的音乐节前夕，sam找到我，手里拿着一封信。我吓坏了，心里琢磨，门卫sam找我会有什么事?于是他递给了我那封我至今保存的信。一看就是用颤抖的手写下的潦草字迹。全都是大写字母，信上写着，我在这个学校当了那么多年门卫，你是我见过的第一个担纲主唱的亚洲男孩。我今晚要带我六岁的女儿来看你的演出。因为我想要她看到，我们亚洲人也可以带给人好多正能量。我真的被那封信震惊了。十五岁的我当时就惊呆了。我第一次意识到，原来音乐如此重要。

With Bryan, music helped two kids who were initially enemies become friends. But with Sam, music went beyond the one-on-one. It was even a higher level. It influenced others I didn’t even know in ways I can never imagine. I can’t tell you how grateful I am to Sam, the janitor, to this day. He really is one of the people who helped me discover my life’s purpose. And I had no idea that something I did could mean more than ever imagined to an immigrant from Vietnam who barely spoke English. Pop culture, music, and the other methods of story telling, movies, TV dramas, they are so key and they do connect us like me and Bryan and do influence us and inspire us.

在Bryan那儿，他让两个本来是敌人的孩子成为了朋友，然而在sam这里，音乐的意义超过了个体的范畴，达到了一个更好的层次。音乐以我想不到的方式影响到我甚至完全不认识的人。我从头至尾对门卫sam的感激是无法用语言来形容的。他真的算是帮助我发掘人生目标的人之一。我从来不知道我的一个小小的行为，能够对这样一位甚至从来不说英文的越南侨民产生如此大的影响。流行文化，音乐以及任何一种讲述故事的方式包括电影，电视剧，他们都是如此的重要，连接着我们。比如Bryan和我，又真的在影响着我们，激励着我们。

Then let’s take another look at this State of Union the east, west union, with this soft-power bias. How is the soft power exchange between these two roommates? Are the songs in English that become hits in China? For sure. How about movies? Well, there are so many…that China has had to limit the number Hollywood movies imported into the country so that local films can even have a chance at success. What about the flip side of that? The Chinese songs that have a hit in the west? Well…(YES!)

回过头来再看看这个东西方的联合体，是存在一种软实力偏向的。东方和西方这两个“舍友”之间的软实力交流会是什么样子的呢?有没有在中国很红的英文歌呢?当然有。英文电影呢?那就太多了。多到中国不得不限制好莱坞电影的引入，来给本土电影制造些成功的机会。那么反过来，又在西方很红的华语歌曲吗?

Heheha,Yeah, and movies. Well there was Crouching Tiger, that was thirteen years ago. And, well I think there is a bit of an imbalance here. And I think it’s a soft-power deficit, let’s call that. I mean look in this direction. That is to say, the west influences the east more than vice versa. And forgive me for using east and west kind of loosely but I think it’s a lot easier to state this than English-speaking language or the Asian speaking language… Chinese, or Cantonese specifically, I think I’m making a generalization I hope you can go with me on this. 观众：江南style!王：哈哈，没错，还有电影。比如卧虎藏龙，那也是十三年前的事了。我觉得这当中有一种不平衡存在。我认为这是一种软实力赤字，就这么叫吧。当我们放眼这个方向的时候，也就是说，西方对东方的影响远远大于东方对西方的。原谅我这里把东方和西方这两个词用的这么随意。因为这比说，以英语为第一语言的国家，讲中文或讲粤语的地区，这样的话方便点。我在使用一种概况化的表达方式。希望你们能理解。 And it’s interestingly a problem with this imbalance in pop cultural influence. And I think so. I think in any healthy relationship or friendship or marriage, isn’t it important for both sides to make an effort to understand the other? And that this exchange needs to have a healthy balance. 这种在流行文化影响方面的不平衡其实是个很有趣的问题。试想在任何一段健康的关系中，无论是友谊还是婚姻，双方彼此努力去了解对方都再重要不过了，对吗? 这种软实力交换需要一种平衡。

And how do we address this? As an ambassador for Chinese pop music and movies, I have to ask myself the question, Why does this deficit exist? Is it because Chinese music just is lame? Don’t answer that, please. Yeah I can just see some of you are really like: “Stop complaining! Write a hit song! Psy did!” you know.But actually there is truth in that.

那么如何做到这一点呢?作为中国流行文化大使，我必须问自己这样一个问题，为什么会存在这种软实力赤字?是因为华语音乐真的很烂吗?求你们了别回答这个问题。我看得出你们当中肯定有人在嘀咕：别发牢骚了!写首劲歌吧!鸟叔不就做到了吗?事实上这背后是有点道理的。

And the argument being that the content we’ve created just isn’t as internationally competitive. And why shouldn’t be? Well, look at Korean pop, look at K-pop for example. Korean is an export-based economy and they are outward looking. 一种说法是，我们所创作的内容，没有足够的国际竞争力。为什么就没有呢?那么，我们以韩流音乐为例。韩国的经济是以出口为导向的。他们的眼光是面向世界的。 And they must be outward looking. Chinese pop, on the other hand, can just kind of stay domestic, tour all over Chinese-speaking territories and comfortably sustained. So when we are, that big and powerful, there’re over 160 cities in China with a million or more people. You tend to kind of turn inward and be complacent(自满的).

事实上他们也必须面向世界。而华语流行音乐，仅凭借在中国国内发展以及在华语国家和地区举办巡演，就能够坚挺下去。而中国，正是由于是一个泱泱大国，市场潜力巨大，又有着160万个人口超过百万的城市，华语音乐确实有内化和固步自封的倾向。

So this certainly can be an argument made for Chinese pop being not marked with international sensibilities in mind. But the other side of the argument, I think is more interesting and thought-provoking and even more true that western ears aren’t familiar with, and therefore don’t really understand how to appreciate Chinese music. Ouch!

所以华语流行音乐缺乏在国际市场竞争的敏感性这一观点是成立的。不过我认为这一议题的另一方面，更为有趣，更发人深省也更为真实。那就是西方听众并不熟悉华语音乐。因此并不懂得如何去欣赏华语音乐。哦好伤人啊!

OK, the reason I think that argument holds water though is because that’s exactly what I went through. So I happen to know a thing or two about learning to appreciate Chinese pop as a westerner. Cause as I was 17 years old when I went from being the Asian kid in America to being an American kid in China. And the entire paradigm suddenly got flipped on its head. 我之所以认为这种论调其实站得住脚，是因为我本人恰巧有过这般经历。因此我对“西方人如何学着欣赏华语流行音乐”这个问题还是要一定发言权的。在17岁之前，我是一个身处美国的亚洲小孩。17岁之后，我变成了一个身处亚洲的美国孩子。情况完全颠倒了过来。

I grow up listening to Beatie Boyz, Led Zeppelin, Guns N’ Roses. Then I found myself in Taiwan, listening to the radio and thinking, where’s the beat? Where is the screeching(呼啸声) guitar solos? And here I am an American kid in Asia, listening to Chinese music for the first time and thinking “this stuff is lamb. I don’t like it.” I thought it was cheesy, production value was low. The singers couldn’t belt like Axl Rose, or Mariah Carey. But then one day, I went to my first Chinese pop concert and it was Yu Chengqing, Harlem Yu, performing in 台北社教馆the Taibei Music Center. 以前我是听着Beatie Boyz, Led Zeppelin，枪花长大的。但是到了台湾之后，我常边听音乐边想， 这音乐怎么一点节奏感没有!华丽的吉他独奏在哪里!所以，作为一个在亚洲的美国孩子，我刚开始接触到华语音乐的时候心里的想法是，这音乐太逊了，我不喜欢。我觉得这些歌都太不给力了。制作价值太低。这些歌手就是没有Axl Rose (枪花主唱)或者Mariah Carey 那么会飙高音。直到有一天，我听了人生中第一场华流演唱会。是庾澄庆，哈林。在台北音乐中心的那场。

And as he performed, I looked around the audience and I saw their faces and the look in their eyes, their responsiveness to his music. And it was clear to me, finally, where the problem lay. It wasn’t that the music was lacking. It was my ability to appreciate it and to hear it in the right way. The crowd, they would sing along and be totally emerged in his music and I had this epiphany(顿悟) that I was missing point. And from now on, I was going to, somehow, learn how to get it. 当他表演时，我看到台下观众脸上的表情，眼神 和他们对音乐的那种热烈响应。我总算知道问题出在哪里了。并不是华语音乐缺少什么，而是我不能够正确的聆听和欣赏它。看到台下的人群跟着哈林一起唱并且完全沉浸在他的音乐里的时候，我顿悟到，我起初没有很好的理解。我现在应该开始学着如何领悟它们。

I was going to learn how to hear with local ears and I deconstructed and analyzed what it was that made Chinese audiences connect with certain types of melodies and rhythms and songs structures and lyrics. That’s what I’ve been doing for the past almost twenty years. And it took me a long time and I am still learning. 如何用“当地的”耳朵去听音乐。我开始解构，分析，是什么让华语听众对某种旋律，歌曲的结构或者歌词产生共鸣。在过去二十年我一直在做这样的工作。真是路漫漫，至今我还在学习中。

But at some point, I not only began to be able to appreciate the music, but I started being able to contribute to it. And I created my own fresh spins on the tried and true. And I think this happens to everyone, really, who is on the outside looking in, it always looks strange if you look at things from your perspective. You’re always gonna think that these people are weirdoes(古怪的人).What’s wrong with them? Why are they listening to this stuff? And I am saying that you can make an effort and get it. It can be done and I am a living proof for that. And as an ambassador of Chinese pop, I am trying to get people to open up to a sound that they may not feel as palatable(使人愉悦的，随人心愿的) at the first time listen. What else should we do to reduce imbalance in our popular cultures? 而从某刻开始，我不仅能欣赏华语音乐了，而且能够开始做出自己的贡献。开始尝试和创造自己的风格。作为外观者，每个人都会这样。如果仅从自己的角度出发看问题，你总是会觉得外面的世界很奇怪。你总会觉得别人是异类。他们是怎么了?怎么会听这些东西?而我想说的是，只要你跨出去一步，就会有收获。并且我用自己的亲身经历证明，这是能够做到了。作为华语音乐大使，我一直在努力让人们开放接受，那些也许最初听上去并不喜欢的音乐，那么我们还能做些什么，来减少这种流行文化中的不平衡呢?

Well, maybe give a talk of the Oxford union, tour more outside of China? But seriously, actually I think the tides are already starting to change very slowly, very cautiously, almost calculatingly. You see more cross-cultural exchange now, more interest in China, definitely a lot of joint ventures, a lot of co-productions in recent years, Iron Man 3, Transformers Fifty Three, Resident Evil… Really it’s beginning to be kind of a world pop. And that’s what I am looking forward to, and that’s what I am focusing on these days. There was J-pop, there was K-pop, there‘sC-pop. And there’s like this W-pop, that’s kind of starting to emerge. This world pop. And I think. Yeah, I love that idea. It’s not world music. It’s not. It’s world pop. And I think… yeah I love that idea that it’s not world music. It’s not like… there used to be section HMV called world music Now it’s like ethnomusicology (人种音乐学) musical class in college.

比如说，为牛津亚太学生会做演讲，或者在中国以外的地方开演唱会?但说真的，其实我觉得这种不平衡的趋势，正在开始发生微妙的，缓慢的，小心的，谨慎的变化。你们能够看到目前中国有很多跨文化的交流，外商渐渐视中国为宝地，近年来不乏很多跨国公司和合作成果，钢铁侠3，无数部变形金刚，生化危机……真的已经形成一种世界流行文化了。这正是我期待看到的，也是我最近专注的内容。之前我们有日流，韩流，华流，现在这种世界流正在慢慢兴起。这就是世界流，我觉得。。。是的，我很喜欢这么个说法，就是世界流并不是世界音乐，不是像。。。HMV之前有一个类别叫世界音乐。有点像音乐学院的“民族音乐学”课程的分类方式。

No, but world pop is more about breaking and turning down age-old stereotypes, the artificial confines that have kept us apart for way too long. It’s a melting pot and it’s mosaic that even when we look up close, we’d still see the colors and flavors of each culture in detail. And where can we go to listen to world pop? I don’t think there is a world pop station or a magazine, unfortunately, there are none- there should be. 但世界流不是这样的，这个概念打破了陈规旧俗，冲开了艺术上那些一直阻碍在我们之间的界限。这就像一个大熔炉，一个马赛克拼图。如果我们仔细看，是可以领略到每种文化的不同风格和特色的。那么我们通过什么途径可以听到“世界流”音乐呢?并不存在这样一本世界流音乐杂志或一个平台，很不幸，当然这些是应该有的。

But there is the Internet and YouTube has proven to be a driving force for world pop. Britain’s Got Talent made Susan Boyle the hottest act in the world. And she achieved that not through the record labels or the networks but through grassroots sharing. Gangnam Style is another great example how that just took over and became a huge worldwide world pop phenomenon. So world pop also suggests a worldwide pop culture and something that can be shared by all of us and give us a lot of common ground.

不过还好，我们有互联网，比如油管就是一个推广世界流音乐的中坚力量。苏珊大妈是通过英国达人秀走红的，她的成功不是通过唱片公司或者音乐圈的网络，而是走的草根路线。江南style也是一个很棒的范例，能成为一种掀起全球狂潮的文化现象。所以世界流，意味着一种世界范围内的流行文化，能让全人类共享，给我们提供了一个共通点。

So today, what’s my called action? I wanna improve a multicultural exchange between the east and the west. I think I have made that clear, but how? I think… you can all become pop singers. Really…I think that’s the answer. No, I am just kidding. Unless that’s what you really wanna do. My called action is this: build and protect that roommate relationship between the east and the west. Value this relationship and take ownership of it. Don’t come to Oxford as an exchange student from Taiwan and only hang out with other Chinese students. Why would you do that? You could do that back in Wuhan or Nanjing or wherever you came from. 于是今天，我的号召是什么呢?我想要帮助推进东西方之间的多元文化交流。这一点我想我已经表达的很清楚了，但是如何做到呢?我觉着吧，你们都可以出道嘛，这样就好了。我开个玩笑。不过如果成为歌手真的是你想做的事情那就另当别论了。我在此，号召各位，请务必在东方与西方横亘的隔阂间，建立一种室友般的情谊。并且能尽所能及的保护这份情谊，珍惜它，拥有它。千万不要千里迢迢从台湾跑来牛津大学当交换生还一天到晚只和中国学生聚一块。你说你这是干嘛对吧?这些事你在武汉，在南京，在老家的时候都能做对吧。 Don’t buy into the headlines or the stereotypes or into the hyper nationalism. Think for yourselves, and this goes for the East and West both. Get to know one another and think for yourselves and don’t believe the hype. For a moment, if we could just disregard the governments, and what the media are saying, just for the sake of the argument, with our own tools of critical thinking, can we build relationships that actually see one another as individual human beings and not faceless members of a particular ethnicity or nationality? Of course we can do that. And that’s the goal and dream, I think of the romantic artists and the musicians. I think it’s always been there. And that’s what I wish for, and that’s what makes music and art so powerful and so true, and breaks down instantly and disintegrates all the artificial barriers that we’ve created between each other, government, nationality, black, brown, yellow, white, whatever color you are, and shows each other our hearts, our fears, our hopes and our dreams. And it turns out in the end the East isn’t that far after all. And the West, well, ain’t so wild. 那些标题党，那些陈词滥调，那些超民族主义，别买他们的账。你应当学会自己判断，这个原则同样适用于研究东西方。把一件件来龙去脉搞清楚，独立思考，对那些天花乱坠的东西不要偏听则信。要是哪一天，你能做到漠视政府的鼓吹，忽视媒体的通稿，据理力争只为真理，动用“批判思维”的武器，是不是就能建立起那份情谊了呢?到那时，每个人都是独立的个体，个人不再是隶属于某个种族或是国家的无脸人?我们当然能做到。这是目标，也是理想。这是浪漫艺术家和音乐人亘古不变的初心。也是我想要极力撮成的一种情谊。正因如此，音乐和艺术的力量才这样强大，这样真切。正是这些力量让横亘期间的壁垒土崩瓦解。那些我们在彼此之间人为制造的隔阂，政府或者国籍，肤色。黑色，棕色，黄色和白色，无论哪一种肤色。也是这些力量让我们能够单程我们的内心，我们的恐惧，我们的希望，我们的梦想。最终我们就会发现，“远东”也并没有那么遥远。西方也并非都是蛮荒一片。

And through understanding each other’s popular cultures, we gain insight in each other’s hearts and true selves. For those of you who are just beginning that journey, the West and East, I want to invite you today on this amazing journey with me. And I, as an experienced traveler on this road, on the West and East road, I’ve prepared a mix-tape for all of you today, of then songs that I love, there, that’s a C-pop mix-tape. That you can check out. I was going to bring you all CDs, but my publicist reminded me lovingly that would be illegal. So because I’m a professional recording artist, I shouldn’t do that. But actually the link works out nicely, because you get to see the music videos as well on a lot of these songs. 通过了解彼此的流行文化，探到彼此的内心，触碰彼此的灵魂。如果你们正想踏上这条贯通东西的征途，我诚挚的邀请你们和我一起加入这场奇幻之旅。作为在这条联通东西方之间的路上还算有点经验的人，我为你们准备了一只合集的卡带，里面收录了十首我爱的华语流行音乐。看，你们感受一下。本来今天我是给你们每人准备了CD的，但是我的团队好心提醒我说，这么做是不合法的。作为专业的专辑制作人，我可不能做这种事。不过这里的链接还是很好用的，因为这样你们还能看到这些歌曲相应的MV。

And these ten songs are songs that I love and ten different Chinese artists to start you off on getting to know and love Chinese pop. I think these guys are awesome and I hope you do too. I just wanna wrap up by saying that being here on the Oxford campus really makes me nostalgic for my days at Williams. And when I look back on those four years, some of my fondest memories are spending time with my roommates Stephan Papiano and Jason Price. In fact, Jason is here in the audience today and nake this special trip form London just to see me. And I suppose in the beginning we were strangers. We didn’t know much about each other and sometimes we die compete for the shower. There were time when we did intrude on each other’s privacy. But I always loved listening to Stephen’s stories about growing up in a Greek family and his opinions on what authentic Greek food really was. Or Jason’s stories about wanting to make violins and to live in Cremona, Italy like Antonio Stradivari and he did do that. 这10首我最爱的歌曲，来自不同的很棒的中国音乐人。我们就从他们开始了解入手中国的流行音乐吧!我觉得这些音乐人都很棒，希望你们也能喜欢。最后的最后，我只想说，现在置身于牛津大学校园，真的让我不由的回忆起我在威廉姆斯大学的那段时光。当我回首那四年，我发现最值得回忆的，就是于室友Stephan Papiano和Jason Price共处的时光了。事实上呢，Jason就在观众席中。他专程从伦敦赶来看我。我在想，刚开始大家还是陌生人，我们对彼此不了解，有时候我们还会抢淋浴，甚至互相侵犯别人的隐私。但是我一直喜欢听Stephen讲他在一个希腊家庭里成长的故事。还有他眼里原汁原味的希腊菜应该长什么样子。或是Jason的故事，说他渴望以做小提琴为生，生活在意大利的克雷默那，像安东尼奥特拉迪瓦那样，而他的梦想后来真的实现了。

And I will never forget many years later when I played a Jason Price handmade violin for the first time and how that felt. They were always attentive and respectful when I tell them about what it was like for me growing up in a Chinese household with strict parents who made me study. So we shared stories, but the strongest bonds between us were formed just sitting around and listening to music together. And I really do see that as a model for East and West. So that’s why I want to share Chinese music with you today because it’s the best way I know how to create the lasting friendships that transcend all barriers and allow us to know each other truly, authentically and just as we are. 多年之后，我都无法忘记，我第一次拉“Jason Price”手工制作的小提琴时的场景，还有当时我内心的触动。他们也总是那样聚精会神，十分尊重的倾听我的成长故事，如何在一个中国传统家庭里长大。我的父母很严格，一直逼我学习。我们会互相分享各自的故事但是我们之间的纽带系的最牢的时候却是当我们单纯的围坐在一起听音乐的时候，我真心觉得我们的例子，就是东西人互相理解并和谐共处的典范。因此，这就是为何我今天要与各位分享中国的音乐。因为据我所知，这是最好的一种方式，让友谊地久天长。而这份友谊超越了所有的界限，让我们真真切切的了解彼此，展现最真实的自己。

Thank you! 谢谢大家!

第三篇：TED演讲——不要固执于英语英文字幕

不要固执于英语

I know what you’re thinking. You think I’ve lost my way, and somebody’s going to come on the stage in a minute and guide me gently back to my seat. I get that all thetimein Dubai. “Here on holiday are you, dear?”“Come to visit the children?”“How long are you staying?”Well actually, I hope for a while longer yet. I have been living and teaching in Gulf for over 30 years. And in that time, I have seen a lot of changes. Now that statistic is quit shocking. And I want to talk to you today about language loss and the globalization of English. I want to tell you about my friend who was teacher English to adults in Abu Dhabi. And one fine day, she decided to take them into the garden to teach them some nature vocabulary. But it was she who ended up learning all the Arabic words for the local plants, as well as their uses, medicinal uses, cosmetics, cooking, herbal. How did those students get all that knowledge? Of course, from their grandparentsand even their great-grandparents. It’s not necessary to tell you how important it is to be able to communicate across generation. But sadly, today, languages are dying at an unprecedented rate. A language dies every 14 days. Now at the same time, English is the undisputed global language. Could there be a connection? We don’t know. But I do knowthat I’ve seen a lot of changes. When I first came out to the Gulf, I came to Kuwait in the days it was still a hardship post. Actually, not that long ago. That is a little bit too early. But nevertheless, I was recruited by the British Council along with about 25 other teachers. And we were the first non-Muslims to teach in the state schools there in Kuwait. We were brought to teach English because the government wanted to modernize the country and empower the citizens through education. And of course, the U.K. benefited from some of that lovely oil wealth.

Okay. Now this is the major change that I’ve seen how teaching English has morphed from being a mutually beneficial practice to becoming a massive international business that it is today. No longer just a foreign language on the school curriculum.And no longer the sole domain of mother England. It has become a bandwagon for every English-speaking nation on earth. And why not? After all, the best education according to the latest World University Rankings is to be found in the universities of the U.K. and the U.S. So everybody wants to have an English education, naturally. But if you’re not a native speaker, you have to pass a test. Now can it be right to reject a student on linguistic ability alone? Perhaps you have a computer scientist who’s a

genius. Would he need the same language as a lawyer, for example? Well, I don’t think so. We English teachers reject them all the time. We put a stop sign, and we stop them in their tracks.They can’t pursue their dream any longer, till they get English. Now let me put it this way, if I met a monolingual Dutch speakerwho had the cure for cancer, would I stop him from entering my British University? I don’t think so. But indeed, that is exactly what we do. We English teachers are the gatekeepers. And you have to satisfy us first that your English is good enough. Now it can be dangerous to give too much power, to a narrow segment of society. Maybe the barrier would be too university. Okay.

“But,” I hear you say, “What about the research? It’s all in English.” So the books are in English, the journals are done in English, but that is self-fulfilling prophecy. It deeds the English requirement. And so it goes on. I ask you, what happened to translation? If you think about the Islamic Golden Age, there was lots of translation then. They translate from Latin and Greek into Arabic, into Persian, and then it was translated on into the Germanic languages of Europe and the Romance languages. And so light shone upon the Dark Ages of Europe. Now don’t get me wrong. I am not against teaching English, all you English teachers out there. I love thatwe have a global language. We need one today more than ever. But I am against using it as a barrier. Do we really want to end up with 600 languages and the main one being English and Chinese? We need more than that. Where do we draw the line? This system equates intelligence with a knowledge of English which is quite arbitrary. And I want to remind you that the giant upon whose shoulders today’s intelligentsia stand did not have to have English, they didn’t have to pass an English test. Case in point, Einstein. He, by the way, was considered remedial at school because he was, in fact, dyslexic. But fortunately for the world, he did not have to pass an English test. Because they didn’t start until 1964 with TOEFL, the AmericanTest of English. Now it’s exploded. There are lots and lots of tests of English. And millions and millions of students take these tests every year. Now you might think, you and me, those fees aren’t bad, they’re okay, but they are prohibitive to so many millions of poor people. So immediately, we’re rejecting them. It brings to mind a headline I saw recently: “Education: The Great Divide.” Now I get it, I understand why people would focus on English. They want to give their children the best chance in the life. And to do that, they need a Western education. Because, of course, the best jobs go to people out of the Western Universities, that I put on earlier. It’s a circular thing.

Okay. Let me tell you a story about two scientists, two English scientists. They were doing an experiment to do with genetics and the forelimbs and the hind limbs of animals. But they couldn’t get the results they wanted. They really didn’t know what to do, until along came a German scientist who realized that they were using two words for forelimb and hind limb, whereas genetics does not differentiate and neither does German. So bingo, problem solved. If you can’t think a thought, you are stuck. But if another language can think that thought, then, by cooperating, we can achieve and learn so much more. My daughter, came to England from Kuwait. She had studied science and mathematics in Arabic. It’s an Arabic medium school. She had to translate it into English at her grammar school. And she was the best in the class at those subjects. Which tells us, that when students come to us from abroad, we may not be giving them enough credit for what they know. And they know it in their own language. When a language dies, we don’t know what we lose with that language. This is –I don’t know if you saw it on CNN recently—they give the Heroes Award to a young Kenyan shepherd boy who couldn’t study at night in his village like all the village children, because the Kerosene lamp, it had smoke and it damaged his eyes. And anyway, there was never enough kerosene, because what does a dollar a day buy for you? So he invented a cost-free solar lamp. And now the children in his village get the same grades at school as the children who have electricity at home. When he received his award, he said these lovely words: The children can lead Africa from a dark continent, to a light continent. A simple idea, but it could have such fat-reaching consequences.

Peoplewho have no light, whether it’s physical or metaphorical, cannot pass our exam, and we can never know what they know. Let us not keep them and ourselves in the dark. Let us celebrate diversity. Mind your language. Use it to spread great ideas.

第四篇：马云_斯坦福大学演讲中英文字幕

It’s my great honor and I was invited about months ago. I did not expect,非常荣幸大约几个月前斯坦福邀请我来演讲。这是我没有意料到的。people

said this is very sensitive time for me to talk,because about yahoo ,about alibaba about this ,that, so I promise promise,I come, 很多人说，这个时间点来这里演讲是非常敏感的，因为雅虎，因为阿里巴巴，因为这个因为那个。但是我还是答应过来了。Today any question you have,I will answer any question you have. 今天如果你有任何问题要问我，我都会一一回答。

All right,so I‟ve been here for fifteen day and I planed to spend one year here.我已经在美国呆了15天，而且我打算在这里待上一年。 Nobody know,my company did not know that,I am gonna spend one year here.没有人知道我会在这里呆上一年，甚至我的公司也不知道。 Guess people asked why you are here?Are you here for getting yahoo? “NO”

我猜大家会问我为什么要来这里。要作收购雅虎的准备吗?不。Everybody was very sensitive when I said “,I am gonna spend one year here” ,and the I just come here I am tired ,too tired in the past sixteen year, 当我说我要在这里呆上一年的时候，大家都太敏感了。我来这里是因为我累了。过去16年来太累了。I start my business ,when I started 1994 internet ,I got crazy about the internet,,gave up my job in the teaching, 1994年我开创了我的互联网事业，并为之疯狂，然后放弃了我的教师工作。I called myself like blind man riding on the back of a blind tiger, jumping around,and still KIKI ,still surviving，我觉得那时自己就像是骑在盲虎背上的的盲人，一路摔摔打打，但依然生存着。and then join the govement organization for sixteen months, not successful ,started alibaba 1999.然后我在政府机关工作了16个月，并不成功，然后1999年建立了阿里巴巴。

and we built up the alibaba,we are luck enough,we have the taobao ,we have the alipay we have ali cloud computing,and the so many things, 我们建立阿里巴巴，非常幸运，我们也有着淘宝网，支付宝，阿里云计算等很多东西。after 12years,I say:”I need some time to rest” , especially,this year,so difficult for me ,所以12年后的今天，我说我需要休息一段时间。尤其今年对我来说这么困难I did not expect. I prepare 12 years was china call the “本命年”. This is our 12 year for alibaba.我没有意料到我准备了12年，这在中国12年是一个本命年。今年也是阿里巴巴的第12年个年头At the beginning of the year,,we have the,you know ,moving for alibaba b2b CEO,because the customer cheating thing,and then we have the alipay about the VIE.I still don‟t know what the VIE is,”right”, and then we have the

,taobao separate into 4 parts, 今年年初的时候，阿里巴巴CEO因为顾客受骗事件而辞职，然后发生了支付宝VIE事件，虽然我到现在仍然不知道什么是VIE，然后我们把淘宝分成四个部分so many things ,It really make me fell tired,这么多事情真的让我觉得很累and I said:”well, why not give up 1 year ,because next year is my personal “本命年”,which could be much more difficult , 所以我说为什么不休息一年，因为明年是我个人的本命年，可能会比今年更辛苦。 so this year is very tough and difficult,,I believe,next year,it‟s gonna be tough ,more difficult, more compressed，今年非常艰难，我相信明年肯定会更艰难更复杂 So I got ready for that, and I need think,need rest,so in order to for any another 3,,4year hard work为此我准备好了，我认为为了迎接另外3个4年的辛苦工作，我需要好好休息。,because this 3year,it‟s not my job,if something wrong,criticize the president of taobao,CEO of the alibaba and alicloud,it‟s their fault, 因为这三年不是我的工作，如果事情出了错，大家可以批评淘宝，阿里巴巴或阿里云的CEO，因为这三年里犯错是他们的错。3 year later ,something wrong,my fault. 但是三年后，如果事情出了错，那就是我的错。so I come here and I will spend most of time in United States,and then thingking relaxing.2 days ago,I picked up my golf,just relax ,nothing about ,the things people think about. 所以我来这里，准备在美国呆一段时间好好思考和放松。前两天，我开始再次练习起高尔夫球。所以，我来美国只是来休息的，不像是大家想的那样。

So we are very luck company,and there is no chance that we survive, I don‟t have any sort of the background ,richfather,strong uncle, and the, 我们是一间非常幸运的公司，本来没有我们生存的机会，我没有任何的背景，没有富裕的父亲，也没有很有权势的叔伯。I remember 1999,I came to Silicon Valley ,loking for venture capital. I talked to lots of venture capital,and I remember a few days ,I drop by Menlo park,I was rejected by so many venture capital, when talked about alibaba startup,they looked at the stranger,”what” ,”what are you talking about? 我记得1999年来到硅谷寻找投资资金，跟很多风险投资家、资本家接洽，我记得好多天我去Menlo Park一带开会。我被很多投资家一一回拒。当我谈到阿里巴巴的时候，他们都用异样的眼光看着我：什么?阿里巴巴?你在讲什么?I went back to china,with nothing,no money, nobody invested me,but I‟m full of confident,I saw America dream. 我一无所获地回到中国，没有钱，没有人投资我。但是我充满了信心，我看到了美国梦。At that time ,1999,I walked on the high-expressway，every evening full of cars in the park of company,Sunday full of car,people work day and night,This is something ,I believe it‟s gonna happen in china, 我走在高速公路上，看到每天晚上路上全都是车，公司的停车场不管是白天或黑夜，周一到周日，都停满了车。人们夜以继日的工作。我相信这种情况一定也会发生在中国。without getting any venture capital,but I think ,I went back china with America dream and we started the business there, 虽然没有得到任何投资资金，但我认为我是带着这个美国梦回到中国的，接着我创立阿里巴巴。and after 12 years,you know, a lot of things happen,we built up the B2B,nobody believed the B2B will work ,because the B2B at that time with Ariba ,I don‟t know still there. “ariba .com”,”broadvision”,”commerce one” this is very famous B2B company. People said :”how can you do B2B in china. Because B2B in USA focus on big company ,they focus on buyer, 12年过去了，发生了很多事情，我们建立了B2B，在这之前没有人相信B2B会成功，因为那个时候Ariba.com，Broadvision和commerce one 都是非常著名的B2B公司，人们问，你们在中国怎么搞B2B?因为美国的B2B致力于大公司，致力于买家。and we believe that three is no big company in china,and I don‟t see, in the short term, china will have lots of big company,我们不相信中国会有大公司，而且我也没有看出中国短期内会出现很多大公司because big company is only SOE,SOE ,they do not the ecommerce, they need govement policy.因为只有国企能成为大公司，国企不需要电子商务，他们需要政府的政策，对吧?so we focus on small business,we believe china,the small business ,the private sector are the future.so we focus on that, 所以我们专注于小型公司，我们相信小企业，私营企业才是中国的未来，所以我们把重点放在小型企业。and the B2B in usa ,they focus. They want to help the buyer save the cost ,save the time.we believe:”don‟t don‟t teach the SME,don‟t teach the small business how to save the cost.because know much better than you do. 还有，美国的B2B是专注于买家，他们想帮助买家节约成本和时间。但是我认为你不用教中小企业们如何节约成本，因为他们比你懂得多You shound help them how to make money.so we focus on helping small business,we focus on helping them make money ,sell things abroad.Very difficult to do business,at that time, 你应该帮他们赚钱，所以我们专注于中小企业，专注于帮助他们挣钱，把产品销到海外。当时做生意非常难， but after 12 years,we got more than 58 millions small business around the world using our service. 但是12年过去了，全球有超过5800万的中小型企业都使用我们的服务。that model is not very successful,compare to “tencent “”baidu”,. 我们的生意模式跟腾讯或百度相比可能并不是非常成果we did not make that much money,like online gaming, 我们没有靠网络游戏赚那么钱。but we can sleep well in the evening, because the money we made not online gaming, 但是我们晚上可以睡得安稳，因为我们赚的钱并不是从网络游戏上来的。the money we made is helping small business survive, get business opportunity which I fell very proud of that, 我们的收入是来自帮助小企业们生存，帮助他们得到商业机会，这点我感到十分的骄傲。and today , as always,I never fell proud of how much money we made,I fell proud of how much impact we can help others,especially small business, 直到今天我从来都没有为阿里巴巴赚了多少钱而骄傲过，我为我们影响和帮助其他人多少而骄傲，尤其是小企业主!

before the history of internet,no company can help over 50 millions SME,today we are trying. andf I fell proud of that this is the first company, 在互联网之前，没有人可以帮助超过5000万的中小企业。但是今天，我们正在努力这么做，而且我为我们是第一家这样的公司而骄傲。and people said :”jack,if you make alibaba successful,that means :”you are pulling a million ton sheep on the top of the Himalayas人们跟我说，马云，如果你能让阿里巴巴成功，那相当于你要将好几吨羊运到喜马拉雅山顶上。and I said :”yes,we will carry that thing down” and we did. 我说，是的，我们还会把他们运下来。而且我们做到了。 The second company call taobao ,and everybody said :”oh my god ,you are competing with ebay. I said :”why not,”, 第二个公司是淘宝。大家都跟我说，天哪，你是在跟eBay竞争啊!我说，“为什么不?”china need ecommerce site and building up china market take effort ,take time and take great you really want to build up something, 中国需要一个电子商务网站。创建一个中国的网络交易市场需要时间跟精力，需要你确实非常想做某事的决心。 so at that time people said :”there is no chance “ well !, if you never try ,how do you know that there is no chance. So we try . 所以那个时候人们说在中国做这个没戏。我说， 如果你总是不尝试，你怎么知道没戏?所以我们就尝试了。 And I said :” if ebay is the sharp in the ocean, we are crocodile in the yangzi river. 我说如果eBay是大海里的鲨鱼，那我们就是长江里的扬子鳄。Never fight in the ocean, let‟s fight in the Yangzi river.不在大海里打架，我们在长江里打it was difficult, it was lots of fun,and we survive . 一开始很困难，但是很有乐趣。而且我们最后活下来了。they got 90%market share at that time, today for C2C,we own 90%market share.那时eBay占据了中国C2C市场90%的份额。但是到了今天，我们拥有中国C2C市场90%的份额。And luck ,just luck ,there are lots of can be discuss in the future. 我们很幸运，只是幸运。很多事情以后我们还可以再讨论。

Today ,people always write about the successful story about alibaba. 今天，大家总是在写关于阿里巴巴的成功故事。And I really don‟t think we are so smart .we made so many mistakes .we were so stupid at that time. 但是我并不真的认为我们有多么聪明。我们犯了很多错误。当时我们还是很愚蠢的。so I think someday the book I personally really want to write about is alibaba 1001 mistakes. 我想如果哪天我真的要关于什么的一本书，我会写《阿里巴巴的一千零一个错误》。 That‟s the things people should remember ,should learn. If you want to learn “how the other people succeed ,it‟s very difficult. 这才是大家应该记住的事情，应该学习的事情。如果你想知道其他人是怎么成功的，这是非常难的。there are lots of luck things at there. But if you want to learn “ how people fail “,you will benefit a lot, 成功有太多幸运的因素。但是如果你想学习别人是怎么失败的，你就会受益很多。and I always like to read those book talking about “how people fail”, 我总喜欢看那些探讨人如何失败的书。because,if you look into it any company theiy fail,the reason why they fail almost the same因为，当你仔细去分析任何失败的公司的时候，你会发现他们失败的原因总是相同的。而这才是最重要的。,and that really matters, so taobao succeed,and then we have the alipay,because everybody said:”china oh ,no credit system, banking is terrible, logistics is terrible. How can you do ecommerce所以淘宝成功了，接下来我们做支付宝，因为大家都说中国没有信用体系，银行很糟糕，物流很糟糕，你怎么去做电子商务?.I never tell, just like today I come here without PPT without my business,I not come here sell you business ,sell my business. Because I don‟t stock to sell to you guys.今天我来这里我没有准备PPT，没有生意，我不是来跟大家说我的生意经的，因为我没有股票要卖给大家。But I think because china is not good at logistics,not good at credit system,not goog at banking system, that‟s why we need entrepreneurship, that‟s why we go ,we should go, build them up. 但是我想正因为中国落后的物流、信用体系和银行体系，所以我们需要有创业精神，我们需要行动起来把他们建好。So I believe ,if there is no, you build it up,later that‟s become the standard of china and I believe china need that. 所以我相信如果没有这种东西，而你建立了它，那么之后它就会成为中国的标准，而且我相信中国需要这个I remember ,6 years ago,I came to the states,I told the USA audience. I believe 5 years later, china will have more internet users than USA. people said “No” , 我记得6年前当我来这个国家，告诉美国的观众说，我相信5年以后，中国的网民人口会超过美国。人们说，不会的。I said :”well ,you have 300 millions population,china 1.3 billions ,right! If you guys have 400 millions internet users,without any people die, keep on having baby ,, it take 50 years , we need 5 years. it‟s just time issue, right !. let‟s wait and see, 然后我说，你们的人口才3亿。中国有13亿人口不是吗?假如你们有4 亿人口，没有人死亡，人们还不停地生孩子，你们需要50年的时间。我们只需要5年时间，所以这只是一个时间的问题，不是吗?我们等着看吧。today we have more users ,today people say :”why your buy capability is low, let‟s see about 5 years later. 5 year later,today,people only spend 200 RMB per month,5 years later,this guy will spend 2000. 今天，中国网络用户的人口超过了美国。人们说为什么你们的购买力这么低?我们五年后在再看。今天人均消费大概只有每月200人民币。5年以后，这些人每月会消费2000元。 and we have patience, we are young,you know,I am old but my people only 26 average age, they are young. let‟s wait for the future. 而且我们有耐心。我们还很年轻。我是老了，但是我们员工的平均年龄才26岁。他们还很年轻，让我们期待未来So ,alipay,was just like very ,at that time people said :”it‟s stupid “没听清“ service. 当时做支付宝的时候，大家说这是一个很傻的担保服务。John wants to buy things from Stevens, John just not want to “没听清”the money . Stevens don‟t want to send the poducts. So we open account, “没听清“，ifyou happy ,” “没听清“the money ,not happy,return poduct,return money. 张三要从李四那里买点东西，但是张三不肯把钱汇给李四，李四也不肯把货给张三。所以我们就开了一个账户，跟张三说，把钱先汇给我们，如果你对货物满意，那么我把钱汇给李四，如果你不满意，你退货，我退钱给你。 People said :” how stupid the model is”, well! We don‟t care whether stupid or not stupid. we care whether the customer wanted or not,whether really meet the need of customer, 人们说你的这个模式怎么这么傻啊?我们不关心这个模式是不是傻，我们关心的是客户是不是需要这样的服务。我们是不是满足了客户的需求。, if it‟s stupid, but after 7years ,we have more than 600 millions users, registered users in china using that. So stupid thing , if you improve it every day,it „s gonna be very smart. 如果这东西很傻的话，但是7年后中国有超过6亿的注册用户在用它。所以傻的东西，如果你每天都改善它一点，那么它就会变得非常聪明。And we believe that,and today , it „s good ,and it‟s growing, just like paypal,we are bigger than paypal right now , on transaction volume.我们相信这些，所以今天支付宝很好，而且仍在变好变强。支付宝跟Paypal很像，但是从交易量来说，我们比Paypal更大。And the last , most important is alicloud computing,and not like the other company ,they talk about cloud computing,they want to sell you the,hardware, software. 最后，也是最重要的，是我们的阿里云计算，跟其他公司不同，他们谈论云计算是想把他们的软件和硬件卖给你。We have nothing to sell you .we just want to compute our own datas. Because the datas we have from the SME,because the datas we have from consumer of taobao，datas from alipay. 但是我们没什么可以卖的。我们只想计算我们自己的数据。因为我们有很多来自中小企业的数据，来自淘宝消费者的数据，以及来自支付宝的数据。 We believe in the future the world is going to data process in the world. How can we share the datas with others in a great way. Right! That‟s the business about, it‟s not that good yet, but it‟s very profitable, 我们相信在未来，世界将是数据处理的世界。我们将如何很好地与他人分享数据。这就是阿里云计算要做的，目前它还不是很完善，但是非常有利可图。the whole company look healthy ,we are very appreciate, we are the company from “没听清“，there is no chances we can win ,now we survive. 整个公司都很健康。我们非常感激，我们是在艰难的情况下成立的公司，最初没有我们生存的机会，但是我们挺过来了I think we always ask our own question:” why we are still working so hard. I talked to my colleague one day ,and he said :” I never know that in my life, I can do that much”, second” I never know that the thing I doing that meaningful to the society, third ,I never know that life is that “没听清”hard。我想我总在问自己一个问题“为什么我们还要这么辛勤地工 作?有一天，我问我的同事，他告诉我，“Jack，我从来不知道我这辈子能做这么多事情。第二，我从来不知道我现在做的事情对社会这么有意义。第三，我从来不知道生活是这么艰辛的。”We worked day and night,even now. I guess so thiner ,so stranger. I understand life is not easy. We fell proud because we are changing china. It „s not how much money you made. 我们没日没夜地工作，即使现在也是这样。我变得更瘦了，而且长相更奇怪了。我知道生活不是容易的事。我们很骄傲，因为我们在改变中国，而不是你挣了多少钱。

10 years ago,when I walked on the street, people thank me because alibaba B2B helped them get orders across ocean. 10年前，当我走在街上，有人跑过来感谢我，因为我的阿里巴巴B2B平台帮他们得到了国外的订单。Today ,when I walk on the steet ,the young people said:”thank you very much,my wife and I opened a small shop on taobao,we made the surviving, we had grear incoming . 今天，当我走在街上，有个年轻人说，jack,非常感谢你!我和妻子在淘宝上开了个小店，以此为生，并且有不错的收入。I know ,this is meaningful thing. We made the credit means money. Years ago , if you have a great record,or credit trust,you are not rich. 这是有意义的事。我们让有信用意味着有钱。许多年前，如果你有很好的信誉记录，但你不会因此而富有。Today if you have a good record on taobao, you get rich, because people do business with those people who have good record. We are teaching consumer to be smart. 今天，如果你在淘宝上有很好的信誉记录，你将会非常富有，因为人们总是跟信誉好的店家做生意。我们教育消费者变聪明。People said :‟”jack ,I bought something so cheap from taobao ,is that a fake product. Yes we do. Fake product at everywhere. 有人来跟我说：马云，我在淘宝上买了个非常便宜的东西，是假货么?是的，我们淘宝上有假货，假货在现实生活中无处不在。We spent most of effort， in china, 50% people on taobao, they focus on checking the internet property issue, 但是我们下了很大的功夫，在中国，有50%的淘宝人关注着知识产权问题。but there is bottle of wine, the cost is only 9 dollars, the people buy on the street is 300dollars,why is that? the channel, the advertisement, the TV show, why consumer should pay that much. So we cut that, and we made things change, 但是如果有一瓶红酒，在淘宝上只要9美金，在商场里买要300美金，为什么会这样?因为销售渠道、广告费用、电视节目费用。为什么消费者要为付这么多钱?我们减掉了那部分，我们让事情发生变化。so tell the consumer ,say :”this T-shirt , you buy on taobao,maybe 15 dollars, you buy on the shop,150 dollars. Not because taobao sell too cheap,because the shop sell too expensive.we should teach the consumer to be smart. 所以我们跟消费者说，一件T恤，如果你在淘宝上买可能是15块钱，你在商场里买要150块钱，不是因为淘宝卖的太便宜了，那是因为商场里卖的太贵了。我们应该教会消费者变的聪明

And the third .very important, we saw so many factory in china ,especially in Canton,they are not company,they are not even a factory,they just OEM, 第三点非常重要，我们看见在中国有很如此多的工厂，尤其是在广东，他们不是公司，甚至连个工厂都they just manufacture,they don‟t know who ar selling for them,they don‟t know who are their customer,so anything come ,they all in trouble. 他们仅仅是生产产品，他们不知道谁在卖这些产品，也不知道是谁买了产品。这种代工厂遇到任何事情，就会马上陷入 困难。So we just tell that manufacturing, you have to contact consumer youself, you have to sell youself, serve youself, then this real business,otherwise, you just a workshop. We are changing that, and I feel proud, we are honor, 所以我们就告诉这些生产者，你必须自己跟消费者联系，你必须自己不是,他们仅仅是代工去销售产品，自己提供服务，这才是一个正经的生意。否则，你就只是个工厂。我们正在改变这些事情，我感到非常自豪。it‟s not about money. We believe ,if you have 1 million dollars , you are the richman,when you have 10 million dollars,you are in trouble,you worry about the inflation,you start to invest, you get into trouble, when you have 1 billion, that „s not you money,it‟s the society‟s trust,自豪不是因为钱，因为我们相信如果你有一百万，你是个富有的人，但如果你有一千万，那你就麻烦了。你会担心通货膨胀，汇率变化，你开始投资，然后你就可能遇到困难。如果你有10亿，那这就不是你的钱了，那是社会对你的信任。the

shareholder ,the people believe you can spend this money smart than the government,you can spend the money better than others, so they give you the trust, how can you do this trust? How can you treat ,you know ,creat this trusr well. And I think we facing this challenge你的股东，人们相信你能比政府更好地使用这些钱，你比其他人能更好的利用这些钱。于是他们给你信任，你应该怎样对待这样的信任呢?我觉得我们正面临这样的挑战。.And

the product of alibaba, it‟s not the service,,it‟s the people,employee,the colleague,the average age of our company is 26 years old,we are facing so many challenge,I never realize that on of the key government official阿里巴巴的产品，其实并不是服务，是人，是我们的员工，我们的同事。我们员工的平均年龄是26岁。我们正面临着许多的挑战，这些是我没有意识到的。

第五篇：哈佛公开课 幸福 第一课 中英文对照字幕整理

Hi, good morning. It’s wonderful to be back here. 各位，早上好。很高兴能回到这里。 Wonderful to see you here.高兴见到你们。

I am teaching this class because I wish a class like this had been taught when I was sitting in your seat as an undergraduate here.我教授这门课是因为在我读本科阶段时非常希望能学习这样一门课程。

This does not mean it is a class you wish to be taught nor does it mean that it is the right class for you.可能这门课并不是你希望的那样也可能并不适合你。

But I hope to doing the next couple of lectures is giving you an idea what this class is about so that you can decide whether or not it is for you.但希望几堂课后，你能有个大概印象让你决定这门课程是否适合你。

I came here in 1992 and studied the computer science and concentrator.我1992年来到哈佛求学，一开始主修计算机科学。

And when I had I mini epiphany half way through my sophomore year.大二期间，突然顿悟了。

I realized that I was in a wonderful place with wonderful students around me, wonderful teachers.我意识到我身处让人神往大学校园周围都是出色的同学，优秀的导师。 I was doing well academically. I was doing well in athletics. I was playing squash at that time. I was doing well socially.我成绩优异。擅长体育运动。那时壁垒打的不错。社交也游刃有余。

Everything was going well except for the fact that I was unhappy. And I didn’t understand why.一切都很顺利除了一点我不快乐。 而且我不明白为什么。

It was then in a matter of moments that I decided that I had to find out why and become happier.也就是在那时我决定要找出原因变得快乐。

And that was when I switched my concentration from computer science to philosophy and psychology.于是我将研究方向从计算机科学转向了哲学及心理学。

With a single question: How can I become happier.目标只有一个:怎么让自己开心起来。 Overtime I did become happier what contributed most to my happiness was when I encountered a new emerging field that time didn’t have the name that it has today.渐渐的，我的确变得更快乐了主要是因为我接触了一个新的领域，那时并未正式命名。 But essentially research that falls under or within the field of positive psychology.但本质上属于积极心理学范畴。 Positive psychology, studying it and applying the ideas to my life has made me significantly happier .研究积极心理学把其理念应用到生活中让我无比快乐。 It continues to make me happier.而且这种快乐继续着。

And it was when I realized the impact that it had on me that I decided to share it with others.于是我决定将其与更多的人分享。

That’s when I decided that I wanted to be a teacher and teach in this field.选择教授这门学科。

So this is positive psychology, psychology 1504.这就是积极心理学，1504号心理学课程。 And we’ll be exploring this new, relatively new and fascinating field.我们将一起探索这一全新相对新兴令人倾倒的领域。

And hopefully, we will be exploring more than the field ourselves.希望同时还能探索我们自己。

When I first taught this class that was back in 2002.我第一次开设这门课程是在2002年。 I taught it at a seminar and had eight students. Two dropped out that left me with six. The year after, the class became slightly larger. I had over three hundred students.是以讨论会的形式，只有8名学生。 两名退出了只剩我和其他六个人。一年后学生稍微多了点。 有300多人参加。

And then third year when I taught it which was the last time.到了第三年，也就是上一次开课。

I had 850 students in the class, making it at that point the largest course at Harvard .有850名参加是当时哈佛大学人数最多的课程。

And that’s when the media became interested. Because they wanted to understand why.这引起了媒体的注意。因为他们想知道为什么。

They wanted to understand this phenomenon that here you have a class that’s larger than Introduction to Economics. How could that be?他们对这一奇特现象非常好奇竟然有比经济学导论更热门的课程。怎么可能呢?

So I was invited by the media for interviews whether it was newspapers, radio, television. 于是我被请去参加各类媒体采访，报纸，广播，电视。

And I started to notice a pattern during those interviews. 在这些采访中，我发现了一种有趣的模式。 So I would walk into the interview. We would have the interview.我前去参加采访。进行采访。

And afterwards, the producer or the interviewer would walk me out. And say something to the effects of well, thank you Tal for the interview.结束后，制片人或主持人会送我出来。 说些诸如Tal多谢你抽空参加采访。

But you know I expected you to be different. 不过你跟我想象的不太一样的话。 And I would ask, as nonchalant as I could of course. 我漫不经心的问。

I didn’t really care but had to ask anyway “How different”. 我无所谓，不过总得回应“有何不同?”

And they would say: Well, you know, we expected you to be more outgoing”. 他们会说“这个嘛，我们会以为你很外向”。

Next interview, the end of the interview, same thing: Thank you for doing the interview”. 下一次采访结束时仍是如此“多谢接受采访”。

“But you know Tal, I expected you to be different”. 不过Tal，你跟我想象得不太一样。 And once again, nonchalant of course so how different. 又一次，我漫不经心地问有何不同。

And she would say: “Well you know, we expected you to be less, less introversit”. “这个嘛，我们没想到你会这么内向”。

Next interview, same thing “How different?” 下一次采访，仍是如此“有何不同?”。 “Well, you know, more extroverted, more outgoing.” “这个嘛，更开朗，更外向”。 Next interview, “Well, you know, less shy”. 下一次采访，“这个嘛，太害羞了”。 Coz I get very nervous in interviews. 因为采访中我容易紧张。 l Interview after interview, literally dozens. 差不多有几十个采访。

More outgoing, more cheerful, less introverted, more extroverted. And on and on. 每次都是好交际，更开朗，不含蓄，更外向诸如此类。 But here the best one. 最绝的一次。

So this is one of the local channels here around Boston. I was going to the interview.是波士顿一家地方台。我去参加采访。 We had a quite long interview which I thought was actually pretty good. And at the end of the interview.聊了很多，我觉得进行得很不错。 采访结束。

The interviewer is a very jolly guy. He walks me out and puts his hands on my shoulder.主持人是个开朗热情的男生。他送我出门，拍着我的肩说。

And says, ”Thank you very much for doing the interview.” And then the usual comes. “多谢接受我们采访。” 然后又是那句。

“But you know Tal, I expected you to be different.” “不过Tal，你跟我想象不太一样”。 And I said, ”How different”. Just so you understand by this time, my self-esteem is short. 我问，“有何不同”你要知道那时候，我已经完全被打击了。

But still with some resemblance of nonchalance I asked “How different”. 不过我还是漫不经心地问有何不同。

And he looks at me and says: ”Well I don’t know Tal, I expected you to be taller. ”. Taller? What?他看着我说：“我也说不上，Tal，我以为你会更高些”。 更高些?什么? Five seven, well ok five six and a half is not enough to teach happiness? 1米70……是1米69就不够格传授快乐吗?

And I thought about it, I thought about it a lot. The whole pattern from the beginning.我考虑了很久，仔细思量了。整件事从头到尾。

And I think I understand why they expected someone different. 我似乎明白为什么他们期望不同了。

You see they had to explain to themselves as well as the audience. 因为他们要说服自己说服观众。

How come this lecture is larger than the Introduction to Economics? 这门课怎么会比经济学导论更热门?

And the way to explain it must be that the teacher is very outgoing, extremely charismatic, very cheerful and extroverted and of course, tall. 唯一的解释就是导师非常外向、充满领袖气质、乐观开朗，当然了，还很高。

Well, there is one L missing there, But……. Yeah, if only.可惜我的名字少了一个L，但是……。嗯……真可惜。

So the problem though is that they were looking in the wrong place for the explanation. 所以问题是他们找答案找错了地方。 In other words, they were looking at the messenger, what they needed to look at was the message. Now how do I know that?也就是说，他们不该关注信息传达者而应该关注信息本身。我怎么知道的呢? You see because I see other positive psychology classes on other campuses around the country and around the world. 因为我参与过其他大学积极心理学课遍及全国乃至全球。

There are over 200 campuses here in United States that teach positive psychology. 美国有超过200所大学开设了本课程。

And almost every campus where this class is taught it’s either one of the or the largest class. It’s about the message.而且几乎其中所有院校，这门课都是参与人数最多的或者最多的之一。 信息是关键。 I see more and more organizations taking up positive psychology in their as consultant companies. 越来越多的机构组织开设这门课，还有咨询公司。

Some of them the leading big consultant companies are taking it on. 其中一些甚至是全球知名咨询公司。

More and more high schools are introducing positive psychology class.……Elementary schools are introducing it.越来越多的中学开始引入积极心理学……。小学也是。

The governments around the world are expressing interest in this new emerging field. Why? Because it works, because it really works.各国政府都对这一新领域表现出兴趣。 为什么?因为它有效，因为它真正有效。

You see this whole realm of life flourishing on happiness, on well-being has been until recently dominated by the self-health movements. 殷盛人生，快乐，幸福感这一整个领域在此之前一直被心理自助运动统治。

What do we have in the self-health movement? We have books that are very interesting that are very accessible.心理自助运动带来了什么? 生动有趣通俗易懂的书。

We have speakers who are very outgoing very charismatic and tall attracting the masses into these workshops, seminars and lectures. But, there is a very big “but” here.热情外向的宣讲者颇具领袖气质且身材高大吸引大众参与他们的专题讨论讲座。 但是，有一个大大的转折。

Many of these books, many of these workshops and seminars lack substance. Very often, overpromising and under-delivering.其中很多书籍讨论都缺少实质内容。通常都言过其实无法兑现。 So there are five things you need to know to be happy. The three things to be the great leader.比如，快乐的五个关键。成功领袖的三个要素。

The one secret of success, happiness and a perfect love life. Overpromising, under-delivering.成功快乐完美爱情的唯一秘诀。夸大其词，效果甚微。 On the other hand, we have academia. What do we have in the academia? We have a lot of rigor, a lot of substance.再来说说学术界。 学术界给我们带来了什么? 大量精确的实质内容。

We have datas analyzed, reanalyzed and meta-analyzed. Things that actually work, good stuff.数据被一而再再而三得反复分析。行之有效的好方法。

But, there is also a very big but here. Very few people read refereed academic journals.但是又有一个大大的转折。很少有人会阅读专业学术期刊。

I mean think about it: how many people outside this room of course have read the last twelve issues of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology? 想想看，这间教室之外有多少人读过最近12期《个性与社会心理学》杂志?

Most people don’t even know what that means. 大多数人甚至不知道那是什么东西。

The head of my PHD programs actually estimated the average academic journal article is read by seven people.我博士班的主任估算过学术期刊上的一篇论文平均只有7人阅读。

You know……And that includes the author’s mother. So you know I say half in jest but it’s actually really sad.这话……其中还包括作者的母亲。这话虽然是半开玩笑但其实很可悲。

Because… Certainly sad for me, as an academic. Because these things are good.因为……作为学者我觉得很可悲。因为这些论文都非常精彩。

They are important, these things make a difference, can even make more of a difference. But not accessible to most people.非常重要，能大有作为甚至不仅仅是作为。但是对大众来说晦涩难懂。

And this is where positive psychology comes in. And this is also where this class comes in.所以我们需要积极心理学。需要这门课程。

The explicit mandate of positive psychology as well as of this class is to create a bridge between Ivory tower and Main Street. 积极心理学及本课程的宗旨非常明确就是在象牙塔及大众间构建桥梁。 In other words, it is to bring the rigor, the substance, the empirical foundation, the science from academia and merge it with accessibility of the self-help or New Age movement. In a way the best of both worlds.换句话说就是要把严谨、实质、经验基础学术科学与自助或者新纪元运动的通俗易懂相结合。充分发挥两者所长。

And this explains the popularity of the field of positive psychology: Science that works. 这也是积极心理学大受欢迎的原因：有用的科学。

This class will be taught in two levels. The first level it will be taught as any other class in psychology or any of the classes you’ve taken here.本课程将分为两个部分。第一部分会和其他心理学或者其他任何课程一样。 You’ll be introduced here to studies, to research, to rigorous academic work. You’ll be writing paper, academic paper. You’ll be taking exams just like every other class.我将向你们介绍相关知识，调查研究，严谨的学术作品。需要你们撰写报告，学术论文。跟其他课程一样参加考试。

But then it will also be taught at the second level which is for every paper that you’ll read every paper that you’ll write, you’ll always be thinking. 而教学内容的另一部分，你们读每一篇论文，写每一篇论文时都需要思考。

OK, so how can I take these ideas and apply them to my life? How can I apply them to my relationship? How can I apply them to my community? Two levels: The academic, Applied如何把这些理念运用到生活中去?运用到恋爱中去?运用到社交圈里去?就是这两个部分：学术与应用。

I did not just introduce whether it’s in the readings or in the lectures ideas just because they are interesting for the sake of the idea. 无聊是论文还是讲座我不会因为某个理论有趣而去介绍它。

It is always an idea that is both rigorous and can be applied. Just a few words about housekeeping.而是因为这个理论严谨且能被应用。再唠叨几句题外话。

Some of the questions that I have already received from you before the class started. 有几个问题课前就有人问我了。

So this unfortunately is the last time that I am teaching positive psychology or any other class for that matter at Harvard. 不幸的是这学期将是我最后一次在哈佛开设积极心理学或其他课程。

Hopefully within two years, probably not next year but within two years there will be positive psychology class offered but I certainly cannot guarantee it. About feedback and questions.但愿两年内，明年可能性不大，但是两年内学校会再次开设积极心理学课程，但我无法保证。关于反馈与提问。 If you have any questions, anything that’s not clear, if you agree or disagree with something. Email me or Email your TF (Teaching Fellow at Harvard, just like TA at other schools.) and we’ll always respond. 如果你有任何问题或者不明白的地方，如果你同意或者反对什么观点，请给我或助教写邮件，我们一定会回复的。

Sometimes if the question is asked by enough people, we’ll respond to it publicly, always anonymously unless you specified specifically that your name can be mentioned. 如果某个问题问的人数较多，我们会公开回答，当然一定是匿名的除非你特别注明可以提及你的名字。

But sometimes you may be listening to a lecture and then half way through it there is an emergency, there is something that you really have to ask, something that cannot wait. 有时候讲座过程中突然有紧急情况，有什么非问不可的问题，无法等待。

In that case, please just put your hand up because it’s just like when you have to go to the bathroom, just can’t stop, and can’t wait. And when you gotta go, you gotta go. 如果那样的话，请直接举手，因为就跟你要去厕所一样，无法忍耐，无法等待，要去就去。 So we’ll take a positive psychology break for that. And just stop me half way through and I’ll answer any question.我们会为此进行积极心理休息。所以大可以打断我，我会回答任何问题。

All the power points, as well as the videos of the classes will be online; will be available within couple of days. 所有幻灯片以及课程视频都会放在网上，课后几天就能下载。

Well, the power points will be available before say for the lecture it will be before so that you can use them in class. 幻灯片其实课前就能下载，这样你们上课时就能用到。

The videos, unfortunately, cannot be made available before, we tried, could not figure it out. So it will be available within a day or two after. And the reason why they are up there.可惜视频不能提前提供，我们试过了但效果不好。所以会在课后一两天内放到网上。这样做的原因。

First of all, I do prefer that you attend lecture, I do prefer that you are physically here. You get things in the energy of the room with so many students so you wouldn’t just get from your computer.首先，我当然更希望你们出席课程，能出现在课堂上。和大家一起，在课堂的气氛中学习而不仅仅是对着电脑。

The reason why I do put them up is so that you have the opportunity if you want to see it again or if you have to miss a class. That’s perfectly fine. 我之所以把资料放在网上是为了让你们可以重温或者学习错过的课程，这很正常。

And also because and this is also the reason why the power points are always available, I want you to be engaged in the material. 另一个原因之所以提前提供幻灯片是因为我希望你们能充分理解材料。 I want you to be engaged in whatever it is that we are discussing in class, not necessarily thinking about getting down every word that I say on paper, remembering everything, memorizing everything. 充分参与课堂讨论而不是忙于记录我说的每一个字，记住每一个词，背诵每一句话。

I want you to take rather than passive notes of writing down what’s on the power point or every word that I say, I’d like you to take active notes. And that means being engaged with the material.我不希望你们被动地记录幻灯片上的内容或者我说的话而是要主动记录。也就是要充分理解材料。

For example, if you heard something and idea and you say:”Oh, that’s interesting”. Star it, write it down. Or “OK, I think I’ll start applying this”. Write it down. Or I want to tell my mom about this later. Or I want to talk to my roommates or my team about this idea. Write it down.比如如果你们听到某个理论觉得“挺有趣的”，标上星号，写下来，或者觉得“也许我可以应用这点”，那就写下来。或者跟我妈妈讲讲。或者跟我室友队友讲讲。那就写下来。

l Active note taking is opposed to passive note taking for two reasons. 主动笔记与被动笔记有两方面不同。

First of all, as I said, this class is a class about making a difference in people’ lives. 首先，正如我刚才说的这门课是关于如何改变生活。 I would not be teaching the class just for its academic beauty although there is a lot of academic beauty in this field. 我不会仅为了学术之美而教授此课虽然这一领域的确有许多美术之美。

So write down if you have an idea that you think you can apply. 所以发现可以实际运用的就写下来。 The second reason why we should that is because you’ll remember more. Better attention, better understanding of the material if you are actively engaged as opposed to just taking down passive notes.第二个原因是你会记住的更多。 主动参与，集中注意，更好的理解材料而不是被动做笔记。 Throughout the class starting next week we’ll take what I called “time-ins” as opposed to “time-outs”. It’s like a time-out在这整个课程中从下周开始我们将进行我所说的“练习时间”而不是“休息时间”。其实类似休息时间。

It’s the time where we stop the class and you look inward. 这段时间我们会停止课程进行内省。 And this is literally a time of silence in a class. I will stop for a minute or two.也就是在课堂上的安静片刻。我会停一两分钟。

And you will have a chance either to just stare at me or anyone else or think about what we’ve just discussed or have a guiding question that I will provide you that you’ll address during the class. 你们可以盯着我或者周围人发呆或者思考一下之前讨论的内容或者解答我提出的提示问题。

The reason why I have time-ins, this is something that I am introducing this year for the first time; we didn’t have it last time. 之所以进行练习时间，这是我今年新提出的，上学期没有。

It’s because over the last two years since I last taught it, I’ve done a lot work in the area of silence. 因为上次课程结束后到现在的两年我做了大量关于安静的研究。

I’ve read a lot of research in this area about the importance of quiet times whether it’s in a class, in a lecture, whether it is at home, whether it is for a leader in the business, for relationship, for children starting from pre-schools. 关于安静时刻的重要性，无论是课堂里，讲座里，还是家中，无论是公司领导，爱情关系甚至学龄前的儿童。

Now many of you, as you are going through these time-ins if you decide to take this class may think:”Well, is this what I’m paying 40000 dollars a year for?””To sit a class and be quiet?”. 你们中很多人在经历练习时间时可能会疑惑：“我一年付四万美金就是为了这个?“”坐在教室里发呆?“。

First of all, it will only be a minute or two at a time maybe once or twice a lecture. But second, it is maybe the most important thing you’ll take from this class. The notion of embracing stillness.首先，每个人只有一两分钟，一堂课最多不超次两次。第二，这可能是你从本课程中学到的最重要的东西。 即享受安静这一理念。

Let me read to you an excerpt from a study that was run by two MIT professors. 我来读一段麻省理工两位教授的研究。 You don’t need to remember or write down; this is just for your edification. So David Foster and Matthew Wilson, both of them from MIT. David Foster和Matthew Wilson不必背诵或记录，只是为了启发你们。教授都来自麻省理工大学。

Indeed the following study that I think confirms the importance of time-in, time to look inside. 他们研究证实了练习时间的重要性，开始内省的时间。

What they did is they scanned the brains of rats while they were in a maze and after they went through the maze. And here’s what they found.他们在老鼠处在迷宫中及脱离迷宫后分别对它们进行了脑扫描。以下是他们的发现。

What the results suggest is that while there certainly is some record of your experience as it is occurring in other words when they doing the maze. 实验结果表明，当某种经历正在进行时，即老鼠进行迷宫时。

The actual learning when you try to figure out:”what was important?”, ”what should I keep and throw away?”. That happens after the fact during periods of quiet wakeful introspection.真正的学习阶段是当你尝试分辨：“什么才是重要的?“，”什么舍弃什么保留。“。 这些发生在经历之后进行安静的自省时。 What they show was rats who went through the maze and went through the maze again and again learned far less than rats who took time aside chilled out a little bit after a maze had more margarita. 他们的实验表明接连不断反复进入迷宫的老鼠比进行一次迷宫后稍事放松，来点小酒的老鼠学到的少得多。 Experience, embrace stillness. This has implications and they showed implications to human beings as well. Not only those of the rat race, all human beings.经历，享受安静。这很能说明问题，对人类也一样。不仅仅是实验小白鼠，所有人类都是。

So what they say is that ”Replay might constitute a general mechanism of learning and memory”. Both learning, understanding as well as memory, retention.他们认为：“重现可能形成一种学习记忆机制“。 包括学习，理解，记忆，保留。

When we reflect, when we replay the material, we are much more likely to retain, to remember what we have just been through. 当我们思考时，我们重放素材时更容易保留，记住之前的经历。 So the importance of time aside cannot be over-emphasized. 所以休息时间的重要性不能被忽视。 In his wonderful book of teaching, Parker Palmer—it’s called The Courage to Teach says the following. Parker Palmer在他的教学著作《教学的勇气》一书中提到了以下一段话。

well. 语言不是教学的唯一媒介，安静同样可以进行教育。

Silence gives us a chance to reflect on what we have said and heard. 安静让我们有机会反省我们所说所闻。 In authentic education, silence is treated as a trustworthy matrix for the inner work students must do, a medium for learning of the deepest sort. Silence is something that is missing from our culture.在真正的教育中，安静为学生进行内省提供可靠环境，是一种最深层次的学习媒介。 而安静恰恰是我们文化所缺失的。

I know that many of you have probably read Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, Robert M Pirsig. He had a second book out, less well-known, called Lila (Lila: an Inquiry into Morals).很多人可能读过《万里任禅游》，作者Robert M Pirsig。 还写过另一本书，没那么知名，叫《寻找莱拉》。 And Lila is an anthropological study of Native Americans. 这本书是对印第安人的人类学研究。 What he does there is compare their culture to Americans’ from European ancestry. 将他们的文化与美国传承的欧洲文化进行对比。

And one of the distinguishing characteristics between these two cultures is their approach were silence. What he found was when he went and sat around with Native Americans. They would sit around the fire and hang out for two three hours without saying a word.两种文化最突出的特点之一是印第安人崇尚安静。他发现与印第安人坐在一起。他们围坐在篝火边两三个小时一句话也没说。

ust sit around, look at another, smile, have a good time, introspect, just be there for hours. 只是坐在那儿，互相看着，微笑，享受美好时光，内省，就这样几个小时。

While he points out that in our culture we feel very uncomfortable with the absence of words with the absence of sound or noise. 他指出，在我们文化中沉默让人不适。

We have to fill up all the gaps. This is an important cultural difference. And we pay a price for this lack of stillness.我们试图打破沉默。这是一项重要的文化差异。我们为缺乏安静付出了代价。

A price that we’ll talk about a lot, when I talk about relationships, when I talk about virtue and morality, and when we talk about happiness and wellbeing in general. 我们会重点讨论这一代价，涉及到恋爱，美德与道德以及快乐与幸福感。

Let me give a little bit background on positive psychology. 下面介绍一下积极心理学的背景。 How we came about and how this class came about. 它是如何诞生的，这门课是如何诞生的。

In many ways, positive psychology is the brainchild, the product and the grandchild of humanistic psychology. 从很多方面说，积极心理学是人本主义心理学的产物和衍生。

What we have in humanistic psychology is essentially a reaction to be existing psychology of the time. 人本主义心理学本质上是对当时各种心理学派系的不同见解。

The founders, considered the founders of humanistic psychology in fact called it “the third force”. Why the third force?人本主义心理学的创始人称之为心理学上的“第三势力“。为什么是第三势力呢? Because the first force was behaviorism, the work of Skinner (B.F.Skinner), the work of Waston (John B. Waston), the work of Thorndik (Edward Thorndik). This was the first force.因为第一势力是行为主义，代表人物有斯金纳、华生、桑代克。这是第一势力。

he second force was psychoanalysis. The work of Frued (Sigmund Frued), Jung (Carl Jung), Adler (Alfred Adler) to some extent. This was the second force.第二势力是精神分析学。创建者包括弗洛伊德，荣格以及阿德勒。这是第二势力。

And the third force, humanistic psychology came as a reaction to it. First It is a reaction to behaviorism.第三势力人本主义心理学作为对其的异议出现。首先是对行为主义的异议。

Behaviorism looks at the human entity at the person as basically a collection of behaviors as a box, like a billiard ball knocked around by reinforcements, by punishment, by reward. 行为主义认为人的主体性，认为人是一个行为集体就像一只被击打而四处滚动的台球，被增强，被惩罚驱动。

And what humanistic psychology said was that we are much more than a billiard ball being knocked around. 但是人本主义心理学说我们不只是被击打的台球。

We have spirit, we have a soul, we have cognitions and thoughts that matter. 我们有精神，有灵魂，我们有重要的认知与思想。

It’s not just behavior that is important for understanding as well as improving life. 不能只靠行为观察，改善人生。

And then psychoanalysis, the second force. 然后是第二势力精神分析学。

The psychoanalysis is about basically understanding mostly through the subconscious that’s how you understand it, that’s how you improve the quality of life. There are defense mechanisms.精神分析学主要通过潜意识分析，它决定你的理解，决定如何改善生活。还有防卫机制。

There are biological instincts, neurosis, and if you understand these very often dark forces, were better able to deal with life, understand as well as improve the quality of life. 人类本能论，神经症，如果你理解这些黑暗势力就能更好地处理生活，了解并改善生活。

Humanistic psychology says human beings are much more than that. 人本主义心理学认为人类不止如此。

Much more than biological instincts, much more than neurosis. 不仅仅是生理本能，不仅是神经症。 Much more than the person who exists in a Newtonian reality like a billiard ball. 不仅仅是牛顿学说世界里的台球。

We need to value much more the human being. We need to give much more dignity and freedom to the person. There was a problem.我们要重视人的本质。给予更多的自尊和自由。但有一个问题。 The problem was humanistic psychology is said lacked the rigorous methodology. 人本主义心理学缺少严谨的方法论。

While it brought in many wonderful ideas, talked about the study of well-being, talked about the study of optimism, of kindness, of morality, of virtue, of love, of relationships, of peak experiences, of self-actualization, of empathy. 但它引入了许多精彩的理念，对于幸福感的研究，乐观主义的研究，善良，道德，美德，爱，两性关系，巅峰体验，自我实现，移情。

All these wonderful concepts that we’ll talk about throughout the semester. 这些精彩的概念都会在本学期讨论。

It wasn’t as rigorous about its epistemology, about how we form ideas and how we learn. 它的认识论并不严谨，如何形成理念，如何学习。

And that’s why, in many ways, largely not completely but largely more of into the self-health movements. 所以在很多方面，大部分成为了自助运动。

Interesting ideas, good ideas, important ideas, certainly good intentions. But to some extent without the academic rigor.有趣，有益，重要的理念，意图当然是好的。但就某种程度上缺乏学术严谨性。 And that’s why it lacked the impact on academic. That’s why we don’t have partly any humanistic psychology classes offered in universities today. There are very few still around.所以它在学术上影响很小。所以很少有大学开设人本主义心理学。几乎没有。

And this is why also a lot of it became the New Age essentially. 所以本质上成为了新纪元运动。 But still, it’s humanistic psychology that has in many ways fathered and mothered as we’ll see positive psychology. 但是我们很快就会了解到，人本主义心理学孕育了积极心理学。

So let’s meet the grandparents. People like Rollo May, People like Carl Rogers.我们先见见祖父祖母。 比如Rollo May和Carl Rogers。

And more than anyone, Abraham Maslow, was the Americans Psychological Association President, was professor just down the road here at Brandeis (Brandeis University). 还有最著名的Abraham Maslow，曾是美国心理学会主席，布兰迪斯大学教授。

And he introduced this humanistic psychology in 1954. 他于1954年提出了人本主义心理学。 He wrote a chapter, called Toward the Positive Psychology. 他写了一章，《为了积极心理学》。 1954, In it he said we need to also research kindness, goodness, and happiness and optimism. In many ways it was way ahead of his time. 1954年，他在其中写到，我们需要研究善良，美德，快乐与乐观。可以说这是超前于他时代的。 Then if Maslow is the grandfather, then Karen Horney is the grandmother. Initially a psychoanalyst, trained through the works of Frued.如果说Maslow是祖父，那Karen Horney就是祖母了。她最初是精神分析学者学习弗洛伊德的理论。

She realized the focuses had been too much on the negative, on neurosis, on psychosis and said we also not only but also have to focus on what is working on human organism. 意识到其过于注重消极面，神经症，精神病，她认为还必须关注影响人类生命体的东西。

We have to work and look at the fine qualities and cultivate those. Because part of being human is being those things as well. 我们需要研究培养那些好的品质。因为它们也是我们的一部分。 In many ways, brought about the movement toward humanistic psychology and through that—positive psychology. 反而向人本主义靠近了，并由此产生了积极心理学。

Aaron Antonovsky, the third person I would consider the grandfather, brought in the idea of focusing on health. 还有Aaron Antonovsky，第三位祖父级人物提出了关注健康的理念。

He has a new concept. Or he introduced a new concept. I’ am still here, don’t worry.他提出了一个新概念。或者说他引进了一个新概念。我还在，别担心。

He introduced a new concept, which he called, his own neologism: salutogenesis. 他引进了一个新概念，他称之为，他个人创造的新词：健康本源学。

Salutogenesis: salute which is health; genesis which is origin. 健康本源学由两部分组成，saluto健康，genesis起源。

The origin of health, and this was an alternative model, to be conventional ways model of pathologies. 健康的起源这是病理学常规模型的替代模型。

So instead of just studying pathologies whether it’s in physical health or psychological health, we should also study the origin of health. 也就是说除了研究病理学无论是生理健康还是心理健康还需要研究健康的起源。

In many ways that is what prevented medicine is about. 这也是预防医学所关注的。

So this was not a novel idea back in 1970s when he introduced it. 这在1970年是一个全新的理念。 And we will talk a lot about Aaron Antonovsy. 我们会仔细讨论Aaron Antonovsy。 Now the parents. 现在转到父辈。

Martin Seligman considered the father of the positive psychology network of scholars, started the field in 1998. Martin Seligman被认为是积极心理学之父与一群相关学者于1998年确立了这一领域。 Like Maslow, he too, was the President of American Psychological Association. 和马斯洛一样也是美国心理协会会长。 And as his mandate, during his presidency he has two aims. 他任职期间的首要任务是实现两个目标。 The first aim—to make academic psychology more accessible. 第一，让学院式心理学变得通俗。 In other words, bridge Ivory Tower and Main Street. 也就是说连接象牙塔与普罗大众。 This was the first aim of his presidency. 这是他任职期间的第一目标。

The second aim was introduce a positive psychology. 第二是引进一个积极的心理学。

A psychology that will look at also things that work that were not just study depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and neurosis. 需要着眼于有用的东西，不仅仅是研究抑郁、焦虑、精神分裂和神经症。 A psychology a network of scholars who will focus on love, relationships, self-esteem, motivation, resilience and well-being. 还需要关注爱、两性关系、自尊、动机、恢复以及幸福感。

And he introduced these ideas, and it’s all been literally uphill from then. 他提出了这些理念从那时蓬勃发展起来。

Before Martin Seligman, this all happened in 1998 and we’ll talk about it a little bit more next week. 在Martin Seligman之前都发生在1998年，下次我们会详谈。 This all happened in 1998. 这都诞生于1998年。

Long before 1998, our very own professor Ellen Langer did research in all these areas, bringing the humanistic spirit and combining it with the academic scientific rigor. 而早在1998年前 Ellen Langer教授就已经研究了这些领域，将人本主义精神与学术科学严谨性结合。

We’ll be talking probably more than any other scholar about her work in this class. 我们对她的讨论会比其他人多。

And another person from Harvard, one of the parents of positive psychology was Philip Stone, who passed away two years ago, yesterday. 还有一位哈佛的教授，积极心理学的另一位父辈Philip Stone，两年前的昨天去世了。

Both Langer and Stone were my physicist advisors, introduced me to the field of positive psychology into this research. 两位都是我的物理学导师带我进入了积极心理学领域的研究。

In 1998 when I had the first positive psychology summit, Professor Stone took me along with him. 1998年我第一次参加积极心理学峰会，Stone教授带我同去。 I was a graduate student. 我那时在攻读硕士学位。

In 1999 he taught the first positive psychology class at Harvard, one of the first in the world. 1999年他首次在哈佛开设了积极心理学课程，在全球范围内也是首批。 I was his teaching fellow. A couple of years later, he taught it again. l Again, I was his teaching fellow.我是他的教研员。 两年以后，他又重新开设了课程。 我仍旧担任教研员。

And then when I graduated, he suggested I take over his class, and here we are today. So this is 1504.后来我毕业了，他提议我接手他的课程直到今天。这就是1504号心理学课程。

Let me give you a sense of … in the next half an hour and so, a sense of what you expect in this class. 我再来讲……接下来的半个小时我会向你们介绍下这门课的内容。

The first thing is this class is not just about information; it is also explicitly about transformation. What do I mean by that?首先，这门课不只是传授信息而且关于如何变形，显而易见。 这是什么意思? You see most of education today is about information. l What is information? l So we have a container which is our mind.如今大多数教育都只是传达信息。什么是信息? 比如，我们有一个容器，也就是我们的思想。

And information is about taking data, taking science, taking information and putting it inside the form. 信息就是接收数据，接收科学，接收信息储存到容器里。

This is information. Now, when this form is filled, that’s when we are educated.这就是信息。等容器填满了，我们就毕业了。

More information, more data, better. Not enough.信息数据越多越好。这还不够。

Because it’s not just information that determines our well-being, our success, our-esteem, our motivational lever, the relationship and the quality of our relationships. 因为信息无法决定我们的幸福感、我们的成功、自尊和动机水平、两性关系及其质量。

It’s much more than information. Transformation is about taking this form and changing it.光有信息还不够。变形则是把容器的形状改变。

Trans change; form shape, change the form. Trans即改变，Form This is transformation.即形状，改变形状。这就是变形。

This is distinction that I learned first from at the school Professor Robert Kegan who taught about this. 这是Robert Kegan教授教我的第一区别。

Information in and of itself is not enough. Think about this example.接收信息关注信息本身是不够的。听听这个例子。

You go for an athletic meet; your aim is to get into the top three, to be a medalist. You come in number eight.你去参加运动会，目标是进入前三获得奖牌。但是只获得第八名。

What’s the analysis? What’s the interpretation?—Terrible! I just failed. You feel deflated, enervated.你会如何分析?你会如何解读?太糟糕了，我彻底失败了。你灰心丧气，感到无力。 On the other hand, the exact same event. You came eight when you expected to be top three.但从另一个角度看，同样的比赛。你期望获得前三，但只得到第八。

You can interpret is as OK, so what have I learned? I need to work even harder. 你可以解读为，我学到了什么?我还需要更努力的训练。

You become more energized, you learned from the experience. 你会更有动力，从经验中学习。 In other words, the same objective information which is “I got eighth, I expected top three”. The same information, very different interpretation.也就是说，同样的客观信息“我是第八名，我目标前三”。同样的信息，截然不同的解读。

One is disaster; the other interpretation is an opportunity. 一个认为是灾难，另一个则当成机遇。 One leads to loss of energy, the other one to increasing energy. 一个让人失去动力，另一个增加动力。 Or think about another very common example. 还有一个很普遍的例子。

We know of many people around the world who seemingly have everything, who are doing well, who have more than they need, and yet they are unhappy. 世界各地很多人似乎拥有了一切，人生顺利，生活富庶但仍然不快乐。

And then there are people around the world who have very little, and yet they never cease, never stop to celebrate life. 而另一些人拥有的不多但从未中断，从未停止过享受人生。

And we have another way around as well, people who have everything and appreciate it and enjoy life. 还有相反的情况，拥有一切的人充满感恩，享受生活。

And people who have very little and who see themselves as victim. 生活窘迫的人觉得自己是受害者。 In other words, it’s not just the information that goes in; it’s also the shape, the interpretation, the perception, the focus. 也就是说，重要的不仅仅是获得了什么信息，还是有何形状，如何解读，如何理解，关注的重点。

And that is determined by the shape of the form. 这就是由容器的形状所决定的。 This is what I realized when I was an undergrad here. 这是我在本科生阶段所认识到的。 Seemingly, looking in from the outside, I had everything. 表面上看，我拥有了一切。

lDoing well in sports, academics and socially, and yet my perception, my focus, my interpretation of life—not that great. 体育运动，学术和社交都很成功，但是我对生命的理解、关注和解读并不正面。 I wasn’t unhappy. 我不快乐。 The interpretation matters very often a lot more as we’ll see than the information that goes in. 我们后面会讲，通常解读比信息更重要。

One of the sentences that I’ll repeat throughout the class is that happiness is much more contingent on our state of mind than our status or the state of our bank account. 有一句话我会在课程中经常引用：“快乐由我们的精神状态而定而不是社会地位或银行存款”。 And that’s where transformation comes in. 所以需要变形。

And that’s why it’s so important for well-being. 这对建立幸福感来说很重要。

What that will look like in practice is that we’ll cover not so much information. 所以在我们实际操作时不会传达过多信息方面的东西。

We’ll uncover much more and I don’t mean that in the Berkeley (George Berkeley) sense of the word, I mean that in the academic sense of the word. In other words.而是挖掘更多东西，不是联想意义上的而是学术意义上的。也就是说。

What we’ll do is uncover potential that we have inside that we have inside of us all along, maybe we just didn’t see, or maybe it’s obscured by something or another. 我们要挖掘自身潜能，这种潜能一直存在只是我们没有发现或者被其他东西掩盖了。

l We’ll uncover it so that we can utilize it, so that we can focus on it, so that we can perceive it. 我们要发现利用它，以便关注它，以便理解它。

Here is a story just to illustrate it. So this is Michelangelo.我来讲一个故事说明吧。如米开朗基罗。 One day he was asked by a journalist of his time. 曾经有一个记者问他。

How did you create this most amazing masterpiece, David? 您是如何创造出《大卫》这件巨作的? To which Michelangelo responded. 米开朗基罗回答。

It was easy, I went to the quarry, I saw this huge piece of marble, and in it I was David. 很简单，我去了一趟采石场，看见一块巨大的大理石，我在它身上看到了大卫。

All I need to do was to chip away the excess stone, to get rid of the marble that shouldn’t have been there. 我只要凿去多余的石头，只留下有用的。

And when I got rid of this excess stone, there was David. 凿去多余的石头之后，大卫就诞生了。 Not obviously easier said than done. 虽然说的比做的容易。

But this story captured the metaphor of what this class very much is about. 但是这个故事捉住了这门课程精髓。 It’s about chipping away the excess stone; it’s about getting rid of limitations, of barriers, whether it’s the fear of failure, something that we didn’t have as kids. 即凿除多余石块，也就是摆脱限制，阻碍或者对失败的恐惧，这些东西并不是与生俱来的。

But today most people in our culture have it. 但如今却出现在了大多数人身上。

It’s about chipping away perfectionism that is debilitating and often hurts us. 要凿除削弱甚至伤害我们的完美主义。

It’s about chipping away our ability for success because maybe we are afraid of success. 凿除成功的能力因为我们可能害怕成功。

Maybe we feel guilty about some of the things that we have in our life and that in turn limit us. 可能我们对生命中一些东西感到内疚，这些都会反过来限制我们。

Maybe it’s about chipping away the limitations on our relationships in while we don’t thrive within them. 也许甚至凿除两性关系中的限制，尤其是带来消极面的时候。 This is what this class is mostly about. 这些就是本课程的主要内容。

As Doro says:”Soul grows more by subtraction than by addition, by getting rid of these limitations, limitations that are preventing us from fulfilling our potential”. 就像俗话说的那样：“做减法比做加法让灵魂成长得更快，减法包括除去那些阻碍我们发挥潜能的限制”。

Because our potential is in there in nature, we talk a lot about human nature. 因为我们的潜能是天生的，我们关注人类本性。

It’s there whether it’s through God, whether it’s through evolution. 是与生俱来的，无论是上帝赐予的，还是进化产生的。

We have a lot of potential that overtime with we fix stone of voices with being parts of our culture, that very often these limitations are put on top of us just like the excess stone. 但是渐渐地受到外部文化压力，像多余石料一样，把我们禁锢起来了。

Lao Tzu, ”In pursuit of knowledge everyday something is acquired, in pursuit of wisdom, everyday something is dropped”. 老子说过：“为学日益，为道日损”。

Knowledge is about information. Wisdom is about transformation.学即信息,道即变形。

I was recently interviewed for a newsletter on coaching before a large conference on the topic. And the interviewer asked me.我最近参加一次大型咨询业会议时接受了一家相关期刊的采访。采访者问我。 So what tips, what tools can you give from positive psychology? 能给读者传授一些积极心理学建议吗? So I talked about some of the greatest hits, the importance of gratitude, the importance of physical exercise. 于是我谈到了一些热门话题，感恩的重要性，体育锻炼的重要性。 I talked about the importance of spending time on our relationships, about taking time aside and simplifying and so on and so on. 我谈到了花时间经营爱情的重要性，谈到了休息，简化等等。

And I was going through my long list. She stopped me and she said.我正滔滔不绝时。 她打断了我说。 l You know, Tal, this is all good. The importance of stuff, I know. l But readers already know that.谢谢，Tal，这些都不错。那些事情的重要性，我知道。但这些我们的读者都已经知道了。

I am looking for the Wow factor. Come on, surprise me.我想要的是轰动的因素能让我意外的东西。 What can you tell our readers? 能否告诉我们的读者?

And I thought about this question for a minute, and I realized that there is no Wow. And I told her that.我想了一会这个问题然后意识到根本没有什么惊奇可言。我跟她这么说了。

You know if there is a wow, the wow is that there is no wow. That’s it.所谓的轰动之处就是没有轰动之处。就是这样。

Because the over-not-transformation emperor, the emperor of quick fixes has no clothes. 因为没有经过转变，快速见效的说法都是皇帝的新衣。

It doesn’t exist; it’s over-promising and under-delivering. 是不存在的，是过高的承诺和过低的兑现。 l A life, a fulfilling life, a rich life includes ups and downs, includes pain and getting up again, includes failure and getting up again. 生活，令人满意的生活，丰富的生活包括了起起落落，包括了痛苦和再次振作，包括失败和再次奋斗。

l It includes success and celebrating it, victories and losses, ups and downs as we will talk about next week. 它包括了成功和庆祝成功，胜利与失败，起起和落落，我们下星期会讲到。

l It’s not about this one secret, one Wow to the good life. 而不是关乎一个秘密，一个能让人过上幸福生活的令人惊奇的诀窍。

l And many of the things you will learn in the class, you’ve heard before. 而你们将在本课程中学到的很多东西，都是你们之前听说过的。

l Probably nothing new to you. 也许对你来说没有什么新鲜的内容。

l You already know it inside of you. 在你内心深处你已经知道了。

l And you are going to say:”Well, it is common sense”. 你会说“这是常识”。

l And yes, a lot of it is common sense. 是的，很多都是常识。

l However, it is Voltaire once said:”Common sense is not that common”. 但是伏尔泰曾经说过：“常识并非那么平常”。 l And this especially applies to application. 特别是应用于实际。

l So the aim of this class is to make common sense more common, especially in the real world application. 所以本课程的目标是让常识更加平常，特别是应用到实际中。

l At the end of the class. 在本课程结束时。

l Here’s what I am hoping for, at the end of the class, if you decide to take it at the end of the semester. 我所希望的是，在本课程结束之时，如果你打算上这门课的话在本学期结束时。

l I don’t think—I am not expecting you to come and tell me. 我不想，我不期待你跑过来告诉我。

l Wow, thank you for teaching me so many new things. 谢谢你教给了这么多新东西。

l That’s what I am expecting. 那不是我所期待的。

l I don’t think that is what will happen. 我不认为那会发生。

l What I hope will happen is for you to come and say rather than “Thank you for teaching me” something you would say. 我所希望发生的是你过来跟我说，不是说“谢谢你教了我”之类的话。

l “Thank you for reminding me of something that I’ve already known”. 而是“谢谢提醒了我一些我熟知的事情”。

l And this is what this class is about. 这就是本课程要做的。

l It’s constant reminder, twice a week. 经常性的提醒，一周两次。

l Constant reminder of what you already know of what is inside you, the David that is inside you. 经常提醒你们记起你们已知的东西，你们内心深处的东西，你们心中的大卫。

l And what this class will hopefully do is to help you chip away some of these limitations, whether it’s limitation, cognitive limitations that prevent you from seeing what already knew, emotional limitations that are preventing you from deriving the benefits of what you already know or behavioral limitations. 本课程希望做到的是帮助你们凿掉一些束缚，不管是哪种束缚，是阻碍你认识已经熟知事物的认知束缚还是阻碍你从已经熟知事物中获取益处的情绪束缚抑或是行为束缚。

l The ABC affects behavior and cognition that we’ll talk about during the change week. 基本要素是影响，行为和认知正是我们在改变周将要讨论。

l So I’m making common sense more common. 我要让常识更平常。

l Information in and of itself is simply not enough. 信息本身还不够。

l It’s not enough and what we need in addition to our information highway is a transformation highway. 还不够，而我们除了信息高速公路外还需要转变高速公路。 l Transformation highway or transformation back roads to come through the fast increasing pace because as we’ll talk about next time. 转变高速公路还是转变乡村小道上来经历快速增长的步伐，因为我们就像下次课会说到的那样。

l Rates of depression are on the rise, rates of anxiety are on the rise, not just in this country, globally. 抑郁率呈上升趋势，焦虑率呈上升趋势，不只是在这个国家，是全球化的现象。

l It’s literally global epidemic. 简直就是全球传染病。

l And to deal with it, more information will just not do, just not enough. 而为了应对它，更多的信息也并不够。

l Here is Archibald MacLeish. 下面是Archibald MacLeish的话。

l He was a poet, was a Harvard professor. 他生前是一位诗人，是哈佛的教授。

l What is wrong is not the greatest discoveries of science—information is always better than ignorance, no matter what information or what ignorance. 错的不是科学的重大发现，有信息永远比无知强，不管是什么样信息和什么样无知。

l What is wrong is the belief behind the information, the belief that information will change the world, it won’t. 错在于信息背后的信念，认为信息会改变世界的信念，但它不会。

l Just adding it and filling up our containers with more and more stuff, more and more information, more and more data. 往我们的容器里增加装上越来越多的东西，越来越多的信息，越来越多的数据。

l It’s just not enough, we need more than that. 还是不够，我们需要更多。

l This class will take a humanistic approach. 本课程将采用一种人性的方法。

l Let me read you a quick excerpt by Abraham Maslow who talks about this approach. 我来给你们读一小段Abraham Maslow的话。

l If one took a course or picked up a book on the psychology of learning, most of it, in my opinion, would be beside the point—that is, beside the “humanistic” point. 如果有人上了一门关于心理学学习的课大部分内容在我看来是与重点无关的，也就是与人性无关。

l Most of it would present learning as the acquisition of associations of skills and capacities that are external and not intrinsic to the human character, to the human personality, to the person himself. 大部分内容把学习展现为获得联想技能和能力，这些对于人的性格，人的个性，人本身来说只是外在的而并非本质的。

l External refers to information. 外在指信息。

l Internal refers to the transformation, the changing of the form. 内在指转变，形态的转变。 l And when we talk about transformation, actually mean it quite literally—change of the form, changing of the brain as we’ll talk about. 当我们谈到转变时实际上是非常字面的说法，形态的改变，大脑的改变，我们一会就谈到。

l We’ll talk about meditation for instance. 比如我们会谈到冥想。

l We know our brain today can actually change through MRI studies since 1998. 1998年后通过核磁共振研究我们知道大脑而已被改变。

l A new concept came up which is Neurogenesis or Neuroplasticity, meaning our brain actually changes and transforms. 一个新的概念叫做神经形成或者神经可塑性，是指我们的大脑实际上会改变和转变。

l It changes its form throughout our life. 在我们的一生中其形态都在改变。

l So I don’t just mean it metaphorically, I also very often mean it literally. 所以我不只是在打比方，我也经常指的是字面意思。

l Abraham Maslow continues. 继续Abraham Maslow的话。

l Humanistic philosophy offers a new conception of learning, of teaching and of education. 人性的哲学衍生出关于学习，教学和教育的新概念。

l Stated simply, such a concept holds that the function of education, the goal of education, the human goal, the humanistic goal, the goal so far as human beings are concerned—is ultimately the “self-actualized” of a person, the becoming fully human, the development of the fullest height that the human species can stand up to or that the particular individual can come to. 简单地说，这一概念认为教育的功能，教育的目标，人的目标，人性的目标，只要人还是被关注的目标——从根本上是一个人的自我实现，完全成为一个人，达到人类或者特定的某个个人能达到的最高高度。

l In a less technical way. 通俗点讲。

l It is helping the person to become the best that he is able to become. 就是帮助一个人成为最好的自己。

l And this was before the Ad came up for the army that “Be all you can be”. 这些是军队的广告“做最好的自己”。

l This is what the class is about. 这就是本课程所要讲的。

l It’s the humanistic approach. 这就是人性的方法。

l It’s about fulfilling our potential, chipping away those limitations. 关于实现我们的潜能，凿掉那些束缚。 l Now to many of you this may sound naïve, idealistic. 现在对于你们许多人这种方式似乎很天真，很理想主义。

l Naïve it is not, Idealistic it is. 并不天真，但理想主义。

l And we’ll talk about and discuss the importance of idealism and maintaining idealism. 我们会谈到和讨论理想主义和保守理想主义的重要性。

l If we are to introduce personal change, inter-personal change or community or society change. 如果我们要介绍个人的改变，个人之间的改变，或群体与社会的改变的话。

l This class is not about providing answers concerning the good life and happiness. 本课程不是提供关于美好生活和幸福的答案的。

l It is about identifying the right questions. 是关于辨识正确的问题。

l Ask and ye shall your receive, say the Scripture. 问过之后便会有收获，圣经如是说。

l This class is what I think education is all about which is that the quest for information and transformation must begin with the question. 本课程就是我认为的教育的宗旨也就是对信息和转变的探索必须由一个问题开始。

l Quest, question. 探索，问题。

l There is no coincidence that there is an etymological link between the two. 这两者在词源上有所关联并非巧合。

l In this class we’ll be asking, you’ll be asked many questions, questions that as you’ll see, create reality. 在本课程中，我们会问，你们会被问许多问题，你们将会看到那些问题创作了现实。

l We’ll talk about it already next time. 我们下次会讲到。

l The importance of the questions you ask of yourselves first and foremost of your partner, of your students, of your parents, of your employees in the future, teammates and so on. 那些你首先向你自己，然后问你的搭档，学生，父母，未来的雇员和同事提出的问题的重要性。

l Questions make a difference. 问题十分重要。

l Peter Drucker, ”The most common source of mistake in management decisions is the emphasis on finding the right answer rather than the right question”. Peter Drucker说：“在管理决策最常见的错误来源是强调找到正确答案而非正确的问题”。

l Peter Drucker considered the most important management scholar of 20th century just recently passed away, saying the biggest mistake is not asking the right questions. Peter Drucker是20世纪最重要的管理学学者，最近刚刚去世，说最大的错误是没有问正确的问题。 l As we’ll see next week, this is the biggest mistake in research potential; this is the biggest mistake in application. 我们下次会看到，这也是在研究中潜在的最大的错误，这也是在应用中最大的错误。

l Not asking the right questions as well. 没有问正确的问题。

l Whether it’s in managing organizations, whether it’s managing our lives. 不论是在管理组织还是在管理我们的生活。

l Now, when I said that questions are important and answers matter less, I am not coming from a point of relativism. 现在当我说问题重要而答案没那么重要时，我不是从相对论的观点来说的。

l I’m not a relativist, I think they are……. 我不是相对论者，我认为他们……。

l To some questions definitive answers that are important to know. 对于某些问题，知道决定性的答案很重要。

l However, what I’m saying is that it’s important, not less important to focus on questions when it comes to education. 但是，我所说的是当提到教育时关注问题很重要，而不是较不重要。

l The educator, Neil Postman once said. 教育家Neil Postman曾经说过。

l The kids enter schools as question marks and they leave as periods. 孩子进校时像问号而毕业时像句号。

l My hope in this class is to bring up many more question marks than periods. 我的希望是本课程培养的问号要比句号多。

l Once again, it’s about chipping away the excess stone because as kids. 再一次，这是关于凿掉多余的石头。

l We are always asking questions, we are always curious. 因为作为孩子，我们永远都在问问题，我们永远都很好奇。

l Let me show you a quick excerpt from a video of one of my favorite psychologists, actually the comedian Seinfeld. 我来放一段我最喜爱的心理学家之一的录影，其次是喜剧演员宋飞。

l Here he is talking about…… 他要讲的是……

l We will watch a lot of excerpts throughout the semester. 我们这个学期会看很多录影。

l Talking about what we were like as kids. 如果像孩子一样我们会是怎样。

l So, the first couple of years I made my own costumes which of course sucked, the ghost, the hobo, then finally, the third year, begging the parents, I got the Superman Halloween costume, not surprisingly, Cardboard box, self-made top, mask included, remember the rubber band on the back of that mask? That was a quality item there, wasn’t it? 于是前两年，我自己做服装当然不怎么样，鬼啊，流浪汉啊，第三年终于求了爸妈，我得到了超人的万圣节服装，并不奇怪，纸盒箱，自己做的上衣，还有面具，还记得面具后面的橡皮筋吗?那可是个质量不错的玩意，不是吗。

l That was good for about 10 seconds before it snapped out of that cheap little staple they put it in there with. 它可以坚持用10分钟之后就会从那个廉价订书钉里掉出来。

l You got to your first house, “Trick or…”, Snap! It broke, I don’t believe it. 你去了第一个人家。“不给糖就……“啪嗒，橡皮筋断了，简直不敢相信。

l Wait up you guys. I gotta fix it! Hey, wait up! Wait up! 你们等我一下，我能修好它，等我一下，等我一下。

l Kids don’t say “wait”. 孩子们不说“等“。

l They say “wait up! Wait up!” 他们说等我一下，等我一下。

l Coz when you are little your life is up. 因为当你还小的时候，你的生活都在上面。

l Your future is up, everything you want is up. 你的未来在上面，你所要的一切都在上面。

l Wait up! Hold up! Shut up! 等一下，举起来，闭嘴!

l Momma, clean up! Let me stay up! 妈妈，打扫一下，让我晚点睡吧!

l Parents of course are just the opposite, everything is down. 父母当然刚好相反，一切都在下面。

l Just calm down, slow down! 冷静，慢一点!

l Come down here, sit down, put that down! 给我冷静，坐下，把那个放下!

l So again this curiosity, this looking up. 所以孩子们的这种好奇，这种寻找。

l This opening up is opposed to closing down that kids have. 这种开放的心态是与封闭相反的。

l This notion, this is what I hope will happen in this class. 我希望在本课程中会产生这种观念。

l The one real objective of education is to leave a man in the condition of continually asking questions. 教育的真正目的是让一个人可以连续发问。

l So here is a longitudinal study that was done by John Carter. 所以下面讲讲John Carter所作的纵向研究。

l John Carter, professor of leadership management of the business school across the river, came to Harvard in 1972, joined the faculty and started to follow Harvard class, MBA class of 1973 and followed them through 20years. John Carter是河对面的商学院的领导管理学教授，1972年来到哈佛做了老师并开始关注哈佛的课程，从1973年起一直关注了20年MBA课程。

l And what he was interested in was to find all the information he could about this class. 他想尽可能收集所有关于这门课的信息。

l What he found 20years later, early 90s when this study ended was these students were extremely successful or ex-students were extremely successful, students were extremely successful. 20年后，90年代初当这个研究结束时，他发现这些学生都极其成功，以前的学生都极其成功，学生们都极其成功。

l Very wealthy, having a lot of impact whether it’s on the organizations, on the community. 非常有钱，有很大的影响力，不论是在组织上还是社会上。

l They did extremely well. 他们都做得极其好。

l But within the large group of highly successful Harvard MBAs. 但是在这群极其成功的哈佛MBA里。

l He found a small group that was extraordinary successful, more successful than the rest of group whether in terms of income whether in terms of impact whether in terms of overall quality of life. 他发现有一部分人是格外成功的，比其他人要更成功，无论是在收入上还是在影响力上抑或是在总体生活质量上。

l Extraordinary successful, what he wanted to identify was why—what distinguishes this small group from the rest of the pack, very successful, but not quite as successful as that small group. 格外的成功，他想弄明白其中的原因——这一小部分人和其他人有何分别，其他人也非常成功，但没有那一小组人那么成功。

l And he found two things. 他只找出了两件事。

l It was not their IQs that made no difference whatsoever to their long-term success. 不是他们的智商，智商对他们长期成功的因素没有影响。

l It was not where they came from, pre-MBA, what they did had nothing to do with it. 不是他们在读MBA之前的出身，他们做的事和这一点关系都没有。

l Two and two things along mattered in terms of determining who will be the extraordinarily successful and the rest. 只有两件事会决定谁会成为格外成功的人和其余的人上有关系。

l The first thing was the extraordinarily successful groups really believe in themselves, they thought they could do well. 第一是那部分人真的相信自己，他们认为自己能做好。

l They were driven, they were motivated. 他们有目的，他们有动力。 l And we’ll talk about it in future lecture as belief it self-fulfilling prophecies. 我们会在下一次课程讲到自我实现的预言。

l They thought ”I’m going to make it, I’m going to succeed”. 他们认为我会做到，我会成功。

l That’s the first thing, the sense of the confidence. 这是第一件事，自信。

l The second thing that he found was this group they were always asking questions—always asking questions. 他发现的第二件事是这部分人一直在问问题，一直在问问题。

l Initially of their boss, later of their employees, of their partner, children, parents, friends. 最初是问他们的老板，后来是问他们的雇员，他们的搭档，孩子，父母，朋友。

l They were always asking questions. 他们一直在问问题。

l They were always at the state of curiosity. 他们一直处于好奇的状态。

l Always looking up, opening up, wanting to understand the world the more. 一直在寻找，有开放的心态，想要更加了解世界。

l They didn’t say ”Now I have my MBA, that’s it, I know enough”. 他们没有说“我现在有了MBA学位，就行了，我知道的够多了”。

l They were life-long learners. 他们是终身学习者。

l They were always asking questions. 他们一直在问问题。

l These two distinguishing characteristics account for the difference between the extraordinarily successful and those who were successful. 这两个区别性的特质导致了格外成功和成功的人之间的差别。

l The question that has guided me whether it’s in writing the book, whether it’s in creating this class, whether it’s first and foremost my personal life is what I call “the question of the question” which is how can we help ourselves and others, individuals, communities and society become happier. 那个指引了我的问题，不论是写书还是开设这门课，还是被我所称的“问题的问题”就是我们如何能帮助自己和他人，个人，群体和社会变得更幸福。

l Note that it is not about helping ourselves and others become happier, it is about become happier. 注意这不是关于帮助我们自己和他人变得幸福，而是关于变得更幸福。

l Why? Because many people ask me. 为什么?因为很多人问我。

l So Tal, are you happy? 那么Tal，你幸福吗? l And I can’t really answer that question; I don’t know what it means. 我真的不能回答那个问题，我不知道那是什么意思。

l How do I determine whether or not I am happy? 我如何判断自己是否幸福?

l Is it compared to someone else? 是和别人比较?

l Is there a certain point beyond which I become happy? 是不是存在一个点，超过之后就变幸福了?

l Happiness is not a binary either or zero or one, either I’m happy or I’m unhappy. 幸福不是二进制的非此即彼，0或1，要么幸福要么不幸福。

l Happiness resides on a continuum. 幸福存在于一个连续统一体。

l So my answer to this question “am I happy?” 所以我对这个问题的回答——我幸福吗?

l Is today I’m happier than I was 15years ago when I started focusing on this pursuit. 我今天是否比我15年前刚开始关注追求幸福时更幸福?

l 15years from now I certainly hope to be happier than I am today. 15年后我当然希望自己能比今天幸福。

l Happiness is lifelong pursuit. 幸福是终身的追求。

l Hopefully this class is part of that pursuit, but just part. 希望本课程是这种追求的一部分，但只是一部分。

l You’ll not be happy at the end of class. 你们不会在课程结束时幸福。

l Hopefully you’ll be happier. 希望你们能比现在幸福。

l Cos many people sit here during the lectures on self-esteem, for example, or when we talk explicitly about happiness. 因为很多人坐在这听有关自尊的讲座时，比如或者当我们明确地讨论幸福时。

l They say, ”Wait, do I have self-esteem?”. 他们说，“等等，我的自尊心强吗?”。

l Thinking to themselves. 他们自己想到。

l Do I have high self-esteem or low self-esteem? Irrelevant. 我的自尊是较强的还是较弱的?

l Impossible to answer also. 这也是没有意义，无法回答的。 l The question is “how can I improve my self-esteem?, my healthy self-esteem, not narcissism of course”. 问题是，我如何能提高我的自尊?我健康的自尊而当然不是自恋。

l How can I become happier? 我怎样才能变得幸福?

l That’s an important question. 那是一个重要的问题。

l And this is the question of questions. 这是问题的问题。

l This class is not a survey of positive psychology. 本课程不是一个积极心理学的概论。

l If you want a survey on positive psychology. 如果你想要关于积极心理学的概论。

l I can recommend some excellent textbooks. 我可以推荐一些很不错的课本。

l Whether it’s by Lopez (Shane Lopez) or by Peterson (Chris Peterson). Lopez 或是Peterson的书。

l Great textbooks, There is also The Handbook of Positive Psychology which is a huge book with most what you want to know about this field. 很不错的课本，还有一本积极心理学手册，一本很厚的书，里面有这个领域大多数你想知道的内容。

l You can also use it in self-defense, very useful in that respect. 你也可以用它自卫，自卫非常管用。

l But a wonderful book, very well-written, very accessible in the spirit of positive psychology. 但是很棒的书，写得非常好，让人很容易里面积极心理学。

l But this is not that, this is not the survey of positive psychology. 但这里讲的不是那些，不是积极心理学概论。

l What it is is a selective exploration of the question of the questions. 而是对问题中的问题的选择性探索。

l In that way, it is eclectic. 从那个角度讲，它是折中的。

l My background is in psychology and philosophy. 我的背景是心理学和哲学。

l I studied organizational behavior. 我学了组织行为学。

l I worked as a consultant in business for a few years, still do some work there. 我做过几年商业顾问，仍然还做一些这方面的工作。

l I worked in the field of education, doing a lot of work in field of education. 我在教育领域工作过，在教育领域内做过很多工作。 l And I take from all these areas. 我从所有这些领域中吸取内容。

l I also draw on not just from positive psychology; I draw on clinical psychology in this class. 我还不只是从积极心理学中吸取内容，我把临床心理学的内容融入这个课程中。

l I draw on cognitive psychology, social psychology and so on. 我融入了认知心理学，社会心理学等等内容。

l It is eclectic class. 这是一个折中的课程。

l Because my questions. 因为我的问题。

l My guiding question was “what would contribute to happiness?”. 我的引导性问题是什么会对幸福有贡献。

l And if something within psychopathology I thought could contribute to our wellbeing. 如果我认为精神病理学的内容能对我们的幸福有贡献。

l I took that and used that. 我会吸取并利用之。

l And if something from the field of consulting in organizational behavior could contribute that became part of the class as much as I could fit in of course in one semester. 而如果一些有关组织行为学的咨询领域的东西有用的话，那也会成为本课程的一部分，只要能在一个学期内讲完。

l So the class is eclectic. 所以本课程是折中的。

l The class is not cross-cultural. 本课程不是跨文化交流。

l I will bring in ideas from eastern thought. 我会引进一些东方思想的观点。

l I lived in Asia for a few years; I worked there, studied and continue to study the eastern philosophies and psychologies. 我在亚洲住过几年，我在那工作，持续研究东方哲学和心理学。

l But my train primarily is in western psychology and the focus of the class will be that. 但我的专业主要是在西方心理学上，而课程的重点将会是西方心理学。

l However that doesn’t mean that positive psychology doesn’t apply to people from different places in the world. 但是那并不意味着积极心理学不适用于世界上其他地方的人。

l There was recently a meeting between senior scientists psychology from the west. 最近有一场高资历科学家之间的会议，来自西方的心理学家。 l People like Paul Ekman, Richard Davidson, some of the most important minds in the field of psychology, meeting with the DLLM and some of his monks. 像Paul Ekman和Richard Davidson，这些在心理学领域内最重要的人物，和DLLM还有他的一些僧侣进行会谈。

l They were talking about the future of psychology, about the research, and how can you research meditation and so on. 他们谈论了心理学的未来研究，还有如何进行冥想等等。

l And one of the things they were talking a lot about is the cultural difference. 而他们谈论最多的话题之一就是文化差异。

l And when that came up, the DLLM suddenly seemed uneasy. 当提到这个问题时，DLLM突然好像不舒服。

l And when Daniel Goleman who was writing about this whole event and it was hold in India asked him what’s wrong. 当记录整个会议的Daniel Goleman，会议是在印度开的，问他怎么了。

l DLLM said that he was not comfortable with talking and emphasizing so much cultural difference. DLLM说他不是因为谈到并强调文化差异而不舒服。

l You can say many things about DLLM. 对DLLM你可以有很多评价。

l One thing you cannon say about him is that he’s culturally insensitive. 但你不能说他在文化方面不敏感。

l Arguably one of the most sensitive people alive. 他可以说是还在世的最敏感的人之一。

l And yet he said we are focusing too much on cultural difference. 然而他说，我们对文化差异的关注太多了。

l And he added not because there are no cultural differences. 他补充道不是因为没有文化差异。

l Of course they are and they are important. 当然有而且很重要。

l But there are many more similarities than differences. 但文化共同性要比差异多。

l And we shouldn’t ignore those similarities. 而我们不应该无视这些共同性。

l Daniel Goleman about the DLLM. Daniel Goleman如此评价DLLM。

l We were a little bit surprised by the DLLM’s seeming resistance to the notion of cultural differences. 我们有点惊讶于DLLM这种表面上的对文化差异概念的抵触。 l So I am willing to introduce these ideas but A because it is not my training and people who are focusing on cultural differences will do a much better job than I do. 所以我想介绍这些观点，但是首先因为这不是我的专业，研究文化差异的人会比我做的更好。

l And second, because what I hope to look into is the universal, things are common across cultures. 其次，因为我所希望研究的是普遍事物，不同文化中普遍的东西。

l So we’ll study research in this area but even more than that. 所以我们会在这方面进行研究，但不只是这样。

l We’ll become even more particular than just talking about psychology in this part of the world. 我们的讨论比这部分心理学更具体。

l We’ll study yourselves. 我们将会研究你们自己。

l We are going to go that particular. 我们会如此具体。

l Now why? When I put this class together, I didn’t think to myself. 为什么?当我开这么课程时，我自己没有想过。

l OK, so what are the things that I need to introduce in order to please the participants in the class, the students? 好的，我需要介绍些什么东西以便能取悦课程的参与者，这些学生呢。

l That’ not what I thought. 那不是我所想的。

l What I thought about was “what was the class that I would have wanted to take as an undergraduate here”? 我所想的是如果我是个本科生，会想上什么课?

l What would help me become happier if I were sitting there? 如果我坐在这，什么能让我更幸福?

l In other words, thinking from my perspective from very personal perspective. 换言之，从我的观点，我非常个人的观点出发。

l In this class, I am going to encourage you. 在我们的课上，我会鼓励你们。

l Of course you’ll look at research and read research about other people about large sample sizes. 当然你们可以看和阅读关于别人的研究，有大量的样本。

l But I’m going to encourage you more than anything to look inside yourselves, to study yourselves. 但最主要的，我会鼓励你们去看自己的内心，去研究自己。

l Whether it’s through response papers that will be due weekly starting in 2 weeks. 无论是通过两周后开始的每周一次的课后论文。 l Whether it’s in your final project that will be a presentation that you won’t have to give but you’ll have to write out. 还是你们最后的演示作业，你们不用做演示但要写出来。

l A presentation about your favorite topic or the topic that matters most to you. 关于你敢兴趣的话题或者对你来说最重要的话题。

l Whether it’s in sections that you’ll be talking about how I can apply these ideas to my life. 还是关于如何能把这些观点应用于我的生活。

l The time-ins are about thinking about how can I take in the ideas and use them. 联系时间时关于如何接受和利用一些观点。

l It’s about studying ourselves. 是关于研究我们自己。

l Because as Carl Rogers says. 因为正如Carl Rogers所说。

l What is most personal is most general. 越是个人的东西越普遍。

l And as Maslow adds. 正如Maslow所补充。

l We must remember that knowledge of one’s own deep nature is also simultaneously knowledge of human nature in general. 我们必须记住对一个人深层本性的认识，同时也是对普遍人类本性的认识。

l When we understand ourselves better. 当我们更了解自己时。

l When we identify ourselves. 当我们认识到自己时。

l We are better able to identify with others. 我们就更能认识他人。

l In fact, this is in many ways the source of empathy, of the healthy empathy. 事实上，从许多方面说这是有益移情的来源。

l And there are some studies showing that people who know themselves, who study themselves, who are self-reflective display less egregious behavior, less immoral behavior toward others. 有些研究表明了解自己的人、研究自己的人、反思自己的人对别人做出过分的事情、不道德的行为会相对较少。

l Behavior that would fall under say, racism. 那种比如说种族歧视的行为。

l And it’s counter-intuitive to some extent. 在一定程度上这是反直觉的。

l Wait, don’t you first need to study the other so that you can be more sensitive to others? 等等，你难道不要首先研究别人才能对别人更敏感吗?

l Yes, that too, but it’s not enough. 是的，那也需要，不过还不够。 l It’s important to also study ourselves. 研究我们自己也很重要。

l Because when we see our deep nature. 因为当我们看到自己的深层本性时。

l What we encounter there is actually part of the universal nature. 我们看到的是部分普遍的本性。

l The similarities among us all, regardless of where we are from. 我们所有人之间的共性，不管我们来自哪里。

l And this was what DLLM was talking about, not stop cross-culture, do it, important, but the same time, not ignore the self, not ignore the universal within each one of us. 而这就是DLLM所说的，不是组织跨文化研究，去做吧，很重要，但同时，不要忽略自己，不要忽略我们每一个人身上的普遍性。

l C.S Lewis, “There is one thing and only one in the whole universe which we know about that we could learn from external observation, that one thing is ourselves”. C.S Lewis说，整个宇宙中有且只有一件我们知道我们可以从外部观察中学习到的事，那就是我们自己。

l We have, so to speak, inside information, we are in the know. 我没有，可以说是，内在的信息，我们是知道的。

l Now there are of course biases when we study ourselves, which is why it’s not enough to just study the self. 当我们研究自己时当然会有偏颇，这就是为什么只研究自己是不够的。

l It’s important to counter it, to add to it, academic work, studying others. 要克服这个问题，把学术工作，研究他人融入进去很重要。

l That’s why we’ll do some research or study research as well as do some search, searching inside us. 那就是为什么我们除了探究我们的内心外，也会做一些研究或者调查研究。

l Both are important. 两者并重。

l We shouldn’t, just because there are biases and mistakes that potentially can be made. 我们不应该只是因为会有潜在的偏颇和错误。

l It doesn’t mean we need to throw out the baby with the bath water and stop studying ourselves. 这并不意味着我们要因噎废食，停止研究自己。

l So we’ll do that or rather you’ll do that probably more than any other class on campus. 所以我们会，更准确地说是你们会这样做比学校里的其他课程做得更多。

l Finally this may be news to you. 最后这个可能对你们来说有些新。

l But this is not English 10A or Math 55. 但这不是10A号英语课和55号数学课。 l Meaning you will not have to read as much as you will read for 10A or for a history class. 就是说你不用像10A号课或者历史课那样做大量的阅读。

l And this class is not as difficult as Math 55 so you rest. 也不像55号数学课一样难，所以你们可以轻松些。

l I’m sure there are some people here who took the class. 我相信这有些人上过这门课。

l This class at the same time is about rigorous fun. 本课程同时是一种严格的乐趣。

l Fun…Because it’s fun to study ourselves. 乐趣……因为研究我们自己很有意思。

l Sometimes it hurts and sometimes we see that we may not like. 有时会让我们受伤有时我们看到一些我们不愿意看到的东西。

l But overall it’s fun, it’s interesting. 但总的来说还是有趣的，很有意思。

l And at the same time it’s rigorous, based on research. 同时又是严格的，以研究为基础。

l Now many of the ideas that you’ll encounter in this class are very simple, very accessible, common sense. 你们将在本课程中遇到的许多观点都很简单，很容易理解，常识。

l However they are simple, not simplistic. 但它们是简单，不是过分简单化。

l And here is the difference. 这两者是有区别的。

l Oliver Wendell Holmes, this court is attributed to him not 100% sure it’s this—said. Oliver Wendell Holmes，这个报告厅就是他捐建的，但不能完全确定是他所有的——说过。

l I would not give a fig for the simplicity on this side of complexity. 我不会认为与复杂性一致的简单性是微不足道的。

l But I would give my life for the simplicity on the other side of complexity. 但我会把我的一生用来研究与复杂性相对的简单性。

l What Holmes means here is that he doesn’t care about just simplicity, easy, off-the-cuff, whimsical ideas. Holmes这里的意思是他关心的不只是简单性、简单的、随意的、难以预料的想法。

l What he does care about through is the simplicity that comes after. 而他所关心的是之后的简单性。

l We have chewed the idea after we have digested it, after we have thought about it. 我们深思了这个观点在我们吸收了它之后，在我们考虑过它之后。

l Ideas that have been worked on. 那些我们所研究的观点。 l And if on the other side of complexity we can read simplicity and common sense, that’s great. 而如果与复杂性相反，我们能看出简单性和常识，那就很好。

l That’s what he’s interested in. 那是他所感兴趣的。

l That is also positive psychology researchers that we’ll discuss throughout the semester are interested in. 那也是我们整个学期要讨论的积极心理学研究者所感兴趣的。

l The simplicity on the other side of complexity. 与复杂性相对的简单性。

l And there is a very big difference between these two simplicities. 这两种简单性之间有很大的区别。

l Even though on the face of it, they may at times look similar. 尽管乍看起来，它们有时也许是相似的。

l What this class requires is a very different kind of effort. 本课程需要的是一种非常不同的努力。

l A very different kind of effort to other class. 与别的课程非常不同的努力。

l Again it doesn’t require the effort that you’ll need in 55 or in English 10A. 又一次，它不需要你像55号课和10A号英语课那样的努力。

l The kind of effort that it does require is the effort of application, of applying into your life, of introducing behavioral actual change to your life. 它所需要的努力是一种应用的努力，努力把它应用到你的生活里，努力把行为的实际改变带入你的生活。

l And before we go into some of the technicalities of the class such as syllabus. 在我们开始讲本课程的一些细节比如教学大纲之前。

l I want to end with a story about Peter Drucker. 我想先讲一个关于Peter Drucker的故事。

l Peter Drucker, who I quoted earlier, father of study of management in modern times. Peter Drucker，我之前引用过他的话，是现代管理学研究之父。

l Peter Drucker lived to the grand old age of 94, passed away just a couple of years ago. Peter Drucker享年94岁，是几年前过世的。

l Toward the end of his life while he was still 100% lucid. 在他生命的最后，当他头脑还百分比清醒时。

l It was more difficult for him to be mobile and to go into organizations. 活动和参加组织活动对他来说更加困难了。 l So what he did was invite people who wanted consulting from him, wanted to learn from him to come to his home. 于是他邀请想咨询他问题的人，想跟他学习的人来他家。

l And he had Presidents, Premier Ministers of countries. 有国家总统，总理。

l He had CEOs of Fortune 500 companies coming spend the weekend with him. 财富500强公司的CEO和他一起过周末。

l And on Friday, this was how we started with every session with every world leader. 而在星期五，每一次聚会都是这样开始的，对每一个世界级领袖。

l Whether in business, whether in non-for-profit, whether in politics. 无论是商界的，非盈利机构的，还是政界的。

l He would say to them the following. 他都会对他们说如下的一番话。

l On Monday I don’t want you to call me up and then tell me how wonderful it was. 星期一我不想听到你们说有多美好。

l Meaning how wonderful the weekend was. 意思是这个周末有多好。

l On Monday I want you to call me up and tell me what you are doing differently. 星期一我想听到你们跟我说，你们做了些什么改变。

l At the end of the semester or at the end of the lecture. 在这个学期结束后或者在这个讲座结束之后。

l If you enjoyed it. 如果你们喜欢它。

l By all means tell me that enjoyed it, that you had fun. 务必告诉我你们喜欢，你们获得了乐趣。

l But more important, it is what you are doing differently. 但更重要的是你们所做的改变是什么。

l How this has an impact on your life and that takes effort. 这对你们的生活有怎样的影响而那需要我们的努力。

l We are going to spend a whole week talking just about change. 我们将用一周的时间讲改变。

l Nothing directly related to positive psychology. 和积极心理学一点直接的关系也没有。

l Just about change. 只是讲改变。

l Because it is so difficult to change. 因为改变是那么难。 l Because we know most organizational change fails because we know more individual change fails. 因为我们知道大多数组织上的改变都失败了，因为我们知道更多的个人改变失败了。

l Unless we introduce behavioral change along with our cognitive and emotional change. 除非我们引入行为上的改变的同时引入认知上和情绪上的改变。

l Affect and cognitive is not enough, behavior has to be there as well. 影响和认知还不够，还必须有行为。

l What you are doing differently. 你所做的改变。

l To do things differently very often takes courage. 经常用不同的方式做事需要勇气。

l Some of your response papers that you’ll hand in—None of them are graded, they are all just graded “passed/failed”. 一些你们要交上来的课后论文，都不会被打分，都只会有“及格和不及格”。

l You’ll have to hand them in and then you’ll pass. 你们必须交论文，然后你们就及格了。

l But some of them may be the most difficult papers that you’ve written here. 但一些也许是你所写过的最困难的论文。

l For some they’ll be the easiest. 有一些会是最简单的。

l And things will just flow out. 很自然地就能写出来。

l That’s about introducing change. 那就是关于引入改变。

l That’s about reflecting. 那就是关于反思。

l That’s about taking time-in. 那就是关于花时间接受。

l That’s about chipping away the excess stone. 那就是关于凿掉多余的石头。

l And it can only be done through this kind of effort. 而这只能通过这种努力而实现。

l So if you really want class to make a difference in your life, it’s up to you. 所以如果你真的想通过这门课来改变生活，一切取决于你。

l I’m going to introduce to you the material. 我将会给你们介绍材料。

l I’m going to introduce to you this wonderful new field of positive psychology. 我将会给你们介绍这个积极心理学的精彩的新领域。

l What is up to you is to then take it and apply it. 而取决于你们的就是接收并应用它。 l I want to talk a little about the syllabus and the requirements. 我想谈一下教学大纲及要求。

l And I’ll give you a little time for questions. 我会给你们一点时间去问问题。

l But before I do that. 但在这之前。

l I would also like to welcome. 我也想对。

l I know that some of you are watching this from home to the extension school students. 我知道你们中的有些人正在家里看这堂课，对进修学校的同学们表示欢迎。

l It’s wonderful to have you here. 很高兴你们能听我的课。

l Do come and visit once a while. 有空过来看看。

l And you’ll be working with obviously part of this class. 而你们将显然参与到我们的课程中来。

l But also with Deb Levy who is the. 但也可以找Deb Levy。

l They had teaching fellow for the extension school. 他是进修学校的助教。

l They had teaching fellow for the FAS class is Sean Achor. Sean Achor是文理学院的助教。

l And I’d like just to invite him for just a few words. 我想请他来说几句话。

l Just introduce himself to you. 向你们做个自我介绍。

l And you’ll be introduced to other TFs we have. 而你们会被介绍给我们的其他助教。

l We have an amazing team this year. 我们今年有只很棒的团队。

l This is Sean. 这就是Sean。

l Hey, good morning. 大家早上好。

l Can you guys hear me? 能听到我吗?

l Can you hear me now? Great. 现在能听到吗?很好。

l This is absolutely honored to be back teaching positive psychology again.能回来再次为积极心理学做助教非常荣幸。

l Tal is too humble. Tal 太谦虚了。 l This is not only extraordinary that he is sharing his time with us. 很荣幸他能给我们上课。

l But he’s actually moved here back. 他还把家搬来了。

l Moved his family back from Israel for the entire semester. 把家从以色列搬到这一整个学期。

l His wife and his two little children just so he can teach this class with us. 包括他的妻子和他的两个孩子只是为了能和我们一起教这门课。

l And this is absolutely an extraordinary opportunity for us to share this moment with them. 对我们来说能和他们一起共事是个极好的机会。

l And I’m really excited about it. 我真的很激动。

l Last time we taught this class. 上一次我们教这门课时。

l We did a survey to find out what types of people were sitting in this room. 我们做了调查看看坐在这上课的都是什么类型的人。

l They are just like yourselves. 他们就像你们一样。

l And find out why you’ll be taking this class. 看看为什么你们会上这门课。

l Coz the comment that we get so often about this class is why would Harvard students possibly be unhappy? 因为我们得到的关于这门课的评价常常是为什么哈佛的学生会不幸福。

l What do they have to be unhappy about? 他们有什么可不快乐的?

l They thought everyone who’d be taking this class would be taking it because they are already really happy. 他们认为每个上这门课的人会上这门课是因为他们已经很幸福了。

l And they want to study about how amazing they are. 他们想研究自己到底有多棒。

l And they’d like to learn things that they can tell the roommates so clearly that laugh themselves. 他们想学一些能明白告诉室友他们得意的东西。

l But it turns out actually over a third of people who took this class last year took the class because they felt depressed. 但是结果是去年有超过三分之一的人选这门课是因为他们感觉抑郁。

l And they were trying to learn about the research about positive psychology. 他们想学习积极心理学。 l And another third because they wanted to learn more about optimism. 还有三分之一是因为他们想学会乐观。

l Another third did it for completely different reasons. 另外三分之一的原因则完全不同。

l I think, Additional third this year did it because Tal was on the Jon Stewart Daily Show. 我想今年还有三分之一的人选这门课是因为Tal上了Jon Stewart的Daily Show。

l So I am absolutely thrilled about this class. 我很喜欢这门课。

l They syllabus which Tal is about to tell you about is… Tal 要告诉你们的教学大纲是。

l Actually we learned a couple of other things about you guys. 其实我们了解你们的一些其他事。

l Did you know that of people who take positive psychology 75% of you are officers of club? 你不知不知道选了积极心理学的人中有75%的人是俱乐部的干部。

l 35% of you are the highest ranking officers of club. 35%是俱乐部的高层干部。

l Which means that you think there are about 2000 clubs at Harvard. 这意味着你认为哈佛有大约2000个俱乐部。

l You are in club of three, and you happen to be the president. 你在一个只有3个人的俱乐部里，又恰好是主席。

l We learned other reasons why you are not happy. 我们了解到你们不快乐的其他原因。

l We learned that the average number of romantic relationships for people to take positive psychology in 4 years is between zero and one. 我们了解到上积极心理学课的人在4年里恋爱次数的平均数在0和1之间。

l Zero and one. 0和1之间。

l No, I don’t believe it, don’t leave. 不!我不信，不要走。

l But that was before taking positive psychology class.—That was before taking the class. 但那是在上积极心理学课之前——是在上课之前。

l We are going to test you afterwards. 我们之后会调查一下你们。

l The average number of sexual partners is between zero and 0.5. 性伴侣数目的平均数是在0到0.5之间。

l I have no idea what .5 sexual partners is. 我实在不知道0.5个性伴侣是什么。 l This class is going to be amazing. 这门课程将会很棒。

l It was amazing in the past and Tal we actually have extraordinary teaching staff here with us. 它过去就很棒，而且我们有一个很出色的教学团队。

l It’s a large teaching staff. 很大的教学团队。

l And Tal has actually already given us home works. Tal 实际上已经给我们布置了作业。

l So the teachers are going to be learning not only the material you are doing and talk you about which the experts that. 所以老师们不仅要学你们学的那些材料和你们讨论专业的内容。

l But learning how to be better teachers. 还要学习如何成为更好的老师。

l He’s given us books to read. 他给了我们要读的书。

l He’s actually given us assignment. 他事实上给我们布置了任务。

l It’s a big extraordinary class in that sense. 从那个意义上说这是个很特别的课程。

l In terms of the syllabus, it’s going to be online. 至于教学大纲，网上会有。

l Tal just described now we’ve decided to go green. Tal说现在我们决定要环保。

l So no trees are in making of this class except the large auditorium made of wood. 所以这门课程中不能使用树木制品，除了这个木制的大礼堂。

l Sections—we are going to try sections online next weekend. 我们下周会在网上分组。

l So we are going to get the numbers on Wednesday. 所以我们星期三会知道有多少分组。

l On following weekend we will be doing sectioning that gives you a very short of turnaround time. 下个周末我们会做分组任务，给你们的周转时间就非常少了。

l But that way you can give me Monday to change your section if you need to which I hope you won’t. 如果需要的话，你们可以在周一换组，虽然我不希望你们改。

l And sections will start the following week. 分组会在下一个星期开始。

l Thank you very much, if you have any questions, sends me an email. 非常感谢，如果还有什么问题，给我发邮件。

l OK, so… 好的，那么……

l I think I don’t need to explain to you. 我想我不需要跟你们解释。 l Why there is one lecture in the semester that I don’t teach and Sean will teach it. 为什么这学期有一节课不是我教而是Sean教的。

l And that is the lecture on humor. 而那节是讲幽默的。

l Figure out why yourselves. 你们自己想想为什么。

l I do think you’ll have to walk and talk if you are teaching something. 我确实认为如果你想教什么你就必须擅长。

l The syllabus. 教学大纲。

l The class, is to introduce you to my thinking about the class is what I call it integrated class. 本课程，是像你介绍我关于这门课程的想法的，是我所谓的整体的课程。

l What that means is that integrated vertically as well as horizontally. 就是指纵向的整体和横向的整体。

l Vertically means that every class connected to the next class is connected to every class throughout the semester around a spiral. 纵向意味着每一节课都和下一节课有关系，和整个学期内的每一节课都有关系，呈一个螺旋状。

l So what we’ll talk about next week. 所以我们下周所讲的内容。

l We’ll revisit it again in lesson 7, lesson 17 and lesson 24. 我们将在第7课，第17课和第24课里再回顾一遍。

l Everything is interconnected on the higher level on a spiral. 所有内容在一个更高的水平上呈螺旋状互相联系。

l In other words will lead to deep understanding and hopefully assimilation of the material. 换言之，会带来深刻的理解和我所希望的对材料的吸收。

l So it’s vertically interconnected. 所以是纵向相互联系的。

l It’s also horizontally interconnected. 同样也是横向相互联系的。

l That means every part of the class reinforces and influences the other part. 就是说课程中的每一部分都强调并影响另一部分。

l The lectures, not enough, you’ll get a lot more in sections. 上课还不够，你们在分组作业里面将收获更多。

l Sections are mandatory. 分组作业是强制的。 l You’ll do a lot of work in your sections very much related to your response papers. 你们要在你们的分组里做大量和你课后论文相关的工作。

l That many students claim the most important part of the class. 许多学生说这是本课程最重要的部分。

l Because that’s where you get the time-in. 因为这样你们才有了练习时间。

l That’s when you really get to chip away. 这个你们真正开始凿掉的时候。 l Very much connected to the final project. 和期末的大作业有很大的关系。

l The final project is a presentation that you’ll write out. 期末作业是一个演示稿。

l You don’t actually give it but give it to a couple of friends just to get feedback. 你们不用阵的做演示，但要向几个朋友演示以及获得反馈。

l Not graded on that part. 那部分不计分。

l The final project is graded as a final paper but just what you hand in what you submit. 期末作业是以期末论文计分的，但只是你们教上来的，你们提交的那份。

l And the reason why there is a final paper because the best way which is like a presentation. 为什么写期末论文是因为像演示那样的最好的方式。

l Because the best way to learn is to teach. 因为最好的学习方式是教。

l And you’ll be teaching these materials to other people—any material that you are interested in in your presentation. 你们将把这些材料教给别人，任何在你的陈述中你所感兴趣的内容。

l So the readings very much connected and take you to the next level of understanding and assimilations. 那么阅读非常有关系，会把你们带到理解和吸收的另一个水平的高度。

l So any questions before I finish up? Any questions from you? 在我讲完之前有问题吗?你们有什么要问的吗?

l Alright, so let me just say—one second finishing words. 好了，那就让我说最后一秒钟结束语。

l I am very excited to be back here. 对于能回到这里我感到非常激动。

l My families are very excited to be back here. 我的家人对于回到这里也非常激动。

l Looking forward to a meaningful, pleasurable, enjoyable and happier semester with you. 期望能和你们共度一个有意义的，愉快的，令人享受的和更加幸福的学期。  l Thank you. 谢谢。