句型讲解教案

2024-04-11

句型讲解教案(通用8篇)

篇1:句型讲解教案

2016.10.14 教学内容:句型What’s your mum like ? She has +五官 教学目标:熟练运用该句型

教学重点:句型的灵活运用,包括变换人称,五官的特征用英语描述 教学过程:STEP 1 greeting

STEP 2 warm up head shoulders knees toes 或者 I say you do(老师说五官单词学生TOUCH自己的)

STEP3 flash the words 五官 加 大小

以及

组合(big ears)

(复习时整体说,可以分组PK,然后个体PK。可以闪卡,可以英汉互译,可以老师说单词,学生做动作,也可以老师做动作,学生说单词)

STEP4 lead in(利用玩具木偶)下面简称T 代表老师,S代表学生

T: This is A C A T , My friend.HE LL O , CAT ? What’s your mum like ?

S : OH,THIS IS MY MUM.She has a big nose and a small mouth.(板书一个人脸,旁边贴有提前准备好的小卡片,包括两个大眼睛,两个小眼睛,两个大耳朵,两个小耳朵,一个大鼻子,一个小鼻子,一个大嘴巴,一个小嘴吧)

T:板书句型问句和答句一起呈现到白板上。可以手写也可以贴词条。

T:OK!Everyone , read after me!(领读句型)

SS:跟读。

STEP4:教授答句

She has …….教单词 has(包括读音和拼写)自然拼 H 和 A 操练游戏 正反手

教句子 先领读

She has a big nose and a small mouth.造句

老师指示黑板上的五官卡片,比如指大眼睛,让孩子们说 She has big eyes.This time ,I point them ,YOU SHOULD SAY “She has …..”

第二次可以让学生上去指卡片,下面学生一起说。玩几次后,一个学生指卡片可以两个学生PK说句子。

扩展句型:T:What’s LILY like ?(老师指一个学生,用此句型问大家,引导孩子们回答She has …)并扩展出He has(通过指男同学引出)

游戏:老师用句型描述,让学生来猜描述的是谁?

Now , WENDY say a student ,you guess.She has a big nose and a small mouth.Who is she ?

玩两三回后,可以让一位学生来描述,其他学生猜。

Step 4:教问句:

What’s your mum like ?

教授步骤:先领读,What’s 的读音,然后板书What is.Your 的读音

your mum

your dad(扩展出)

OK,EVERY BODY follow me ,your mum,your dad(如果孩子不知道意思,可以借助爸爸妈妈的卡片,)

在领读What’s your mum like ? What’s your dad like ?

游戏:操练这个句子就像学单词的游戏一样,比如按组挨个说,看哪组说的快。然后个体PK 说的速度。

Step 5 :整体操练: 老师再次指板书上的人头像。边指边说句子。What’s your mum like ? She has +五官

老师指一个学生问What’s your mum like ? 并引导孩子回答

按组 换角色读

游戏:击鼓传花 大家问问句,传到的那个人回答答句

STEP 6:扩展句型练习: 可以找几个同学上到前面,老师用问句问:What’s 学生名字 like ? 老师引导学生来回答。

STEP:7 带到课文中读。然后是翻译意思。扩充的所有知识点的复习。

句型讲解步骤:1.整体引入

2.教授答句

并操练

3.教授问句并操练

4.答句和问句一起操练

对于简单的句型,有的时候第二和第三步会比较短,主要用于整体句子的操练

篇2:句型讲解教案

在这种句型中,谓语动词是以be为主的连系动词(Linking Verb),后面跟主语补语(Subject Complement),如:

These oranges have kept fresh. 这些桔子一直很新鲜。

Mary is a student / here /in the room. 玛丽是个学生/在这儿/在房间里。

有的语法家把be后面的.副词(短语)或介词短语视为状语,从而形成了“主----谓-----状”(SVA)这一在五种基本句型之外的句型(见上面最后一个例句)。

2.“主----谓”(SV)句型:

在这种句型中,谓语动词为不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),谓语部分通常只包括限定动词,即使有状语,也属任意性状语,即:去掉后并不影响句子结构和意义的完整,如:

This bread won’t keep (for a long time). 这种面包不好(长期)存放。

Tom has left.

前面说过,有些句子中的状语是不可缺少的,这种状语被称为必具性状语,从而构成“主----谓----状”(SVA)句型,但这仅限于少数几个动词的某些用法,因而不是一种主要句型,如:

篇3:小议句型转换题型讲解的有效性

伯莱克 (Berlak) 指出, “反思是立足于自我之外的批判地考察自己的行动及情境的能力” (转引自郭英等, 2001) 。教学过程中频繁接触句型转换的练习后, 一直在反思自己的教学方法, 孩子是否能够接受纯语法的讲授, 还是需要在语境中理解并进行口语练习。

著名英语教材《基础英语》的作者C.E.埃克斯利说过:凡能激发学生喜爱英语学习的方法, 则是英语教学的最好方法, 而使学生厌恶学习英语的方法则是最坏的方法。因此在语法教学过程中, 我也一直在摸索着, 发现了英语这门语言学科也可以与数学逻辑的思维训练相结合, 这样孩子在学习过程中就会觉得更有趣。

英语句子按照使用的目的可分为四类:陈述句、疑问句、析使句和感叹句。而在教学过程中特别是陈述句中有do/does/did的情况下, 更是孩子最容易疏忽或混淆的地方。因此, 本文将具体谈谈从陈述句到一般和特殊疑问句转化的教学方法:结合简单的交换律和英语语法的规则。

二、课堂实录分析

下面以讲评课为例对比分析句型转换题型的优化教学方法:

[讲评材料]句型转换的专项练习10题, 5道题转化为一般疑问句, 另5道转化为特殊疑问句。

[课堂实录]

教师:同学们, 本节课我们讲解句型转换的专项练习, 10道题目, 请大家对照黑板核对答案。

学生认真对照, 并及时更正抄写。

教师:Do you have any prohlems with these exercises?

学生:We have doubt about No.1, 4, 6, 9.教师逐题讲解, 帮助学生回顾相关语言知识, 并举例说明。学生绝大多数时间都早聚精会神地听讲并不时地做笔记。

[板书]句子的改写

1.陈述句改为一般疑问句, 只要把be动词, 助动词或情态动词放在句首, 改句末句点为问号, 并注意大小写的地方。如:

陈述句:He reads everyday.

改为一般疑问句:Does he read everyday?

陈述句:My classmates go out to do exercises.

改为一般疑问句:Do your classmates go out to do exercises?

2.陈述句改为特殊疑问句, 就是指特殊疑问词+一般疑问句, 注意句末句号改为问号, 并注意大小写。如:

陈述句:He wears a shirt today.

一般疑问句:What does he wear today?

陈述句:My aunt went shopping last night.

一般疑问句:When did your aunt go shopping?

[特点概括]本节课共处理了10道练习题及与之相关的知识要点, 内容较充实。教师讲解深入细致, 板书满满一黑板;学生听得认真, 记得轻快。在整堂课中, 教师共提问了5次, 师生互动了4次, 有效互动2次。

三、句型转换中的交换律适用

A.陈述句改一般疑问句的方法:

be动词和情态动词存在的情况下, 把他们放在句首, 剩下的照抄, (some改成any, I改成you, my改成your, ) 句点改成问号。没有前者情况下, 在句首请助动词Do/Does/Did帮忙, 剩下的照抄, (some改成any, I改成you, my改成your, ) 句点改成问号。

例如:1.1 am in Class 6.→Are you in Class 6?

2.1t can run fast.→Can it run fast?

3.You come from America.→Do you come fromAmerica?

B.陈述句改特殊疑问句 (对划线部分提问) 的方法:

(1) 特殊疑问句的构成。即:特殊疑问句=特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。

(2) 掌握特殊疑问词what (对事、物提问) ;who (对人提问) ;where (对地点提问) ;how (对状况提问) ;how old (对年龄提问) ;what colour (对颜色提问) 等。

(3) 答题方法:一找二变三整理。所谓“一找”, 即根据划线部分内容找出合适的特殊疑问句;“二变”, 即把余下部分变成一般疑问句;“三整理”, 即按特殊疑问句的话序整理句子, 注意句首字母要大写, 句尾标点为“?”。

如: (1) This is Tom.→Who is this?

(2) That is an orange.→What is that?

(3) Jane comes from America.

→Where does Jane come from?

(4) Miss Wu is fine.→How is Miss Wu?

(5) He was born in 1998.→When was he born?

1.在一般疑问句的基础上, 句首添加一个疑问词即可, 可根据划线部分确定是什么疑问词。

2.接着找be动词或can, shall, will等放在疑问词后面, 若没有则请助动词do/does/did帮忙, 写在疑问词后面, how many除外, 必须先写物品, 再写be动词等。

3.划线部分去掉后剩下的内容照抄, (some改成any, my改成your等) 。

4.句点改成问号。

篇4:句型讲解教案

他所有的空闲时间都是和他的孙子孙女们一起度过的。

spend 度过;花费

sb. spends…doing sth.某人做某事花费多长时间。(以人作主语)如:

I spent two hours doing my homework last night.

昨天晚上我花费了两个小时做作业。

2. I saw her play when I was eight.

我八岁的时候就看她的演出了。

play在这里是一个名词,意为戏剧。

3. While still a small boy, he could hum songs and difficult pieces of music.

当他还是个孩子时,他就能哼唱一些歌曲和一些有难度的乐曲。

(1)while当……的时候,这个句子省略了主语,完整的句子应该是:“While he was still a small boy, he could hum songs and difficult pieces of music.

(2)music是不可数名词,所以它前面用了表示数量的词组:pieces of。

4. Paris sounds like a city that I could enjoy.

巴黎听上去像是我喜欢的城市。

(1)sound 听上去。如:

That music sounds beautiful. 那音乐优美动听。

(2)like prep 像。如:

He looks like his mother. 他很像他的妈妈。

(3)like vt. 喜欢。如:

I like playing basketball. 我喜欢打篮球。

5. Find a part?鄄time job for a year or two and save some money.

做一两年兼职工作,并且攒一些钱。

(1)part?鄄time业余的。如:

part?鄄time job 兼职工作

(2)full?鄄time全日的;专职的。如:

full?鄄time job 全职工作

(3)save储存(钱);储蓄。如:

He saved some money for a new bike. 他存了些钱买了辆自行车。

(4)save救(生命)。如:

The doctors saved lots of people. 医生救了很多人的生命。

6. hold art exhibitions that will make me rich and famous

举办一个能使我名利兼得的艺术展览

hold 召开;举行。如:

Teachers will hold a meeting next week. 下周老师们要开一个会。

make sb.+adj. 使(让)某人怎样。如:

make her happy 使她高兴

7. learn to play an instrument 学习演奏一样新乐器

(1)play(打,踢)球。如:

play basketball/soccer 打篮球/踢足球

(2)play(拉,弹,演奏)乐器。如:

play the piano/violin 弹钢琴/拉小提琴

8. exercise more加强锻炼

(1)exercise v. 运动,锻炼。如:

You don’t exercise enough. 你锻炼不够。

(2)exercise n. 练习。如:

Doing more exercises is good for your math.

多做练习对你的数学有好处。

9. communicate better with their kids 和他们的孩子更好地交流

communicate 交流

communicate with sb.与某人交流。如:

We can communicate with people in most parts of the world by telephone. 我们可以借助电话与世界上大多数地区的人通讯。

10. do the dishes(饭后)洗餐具

dish 盘,碟

the dishes 餐具。如:

wash the dishes 洗餐具;do the dishes 刷洗餐具;dry the dishes 弄干餐具;put away the dishes 放好餐具

11. take out the trash倒垃圾

take out 除去;除掉。如:

Cold water could take the stain out of your skirt.

凉水可除去你裙子上的污迹。

12. come over从一地(通常)来到另一地 如:

Why don’t you come over to England for a holiday?

篇5:雅思写作高分句型讲解

Exercise 1: causes of congestion in megacities

The reason why traffic congestion in megacities is increasing is because of the excessive growth of vehicle numbers that growing population brings.

Exercise 2: causes of overpopulation

Today, the advanced science have offered better medical facilities, promoted fertility treatment, and brought down death rate. This results in increasing population growth and becoming overpopulated gradually.

Exercise 3: cyber crime

Cyber-crime is another by-product of technology advancement which poses threat to the social security; internet fraud, online piracy and spread of violent and pornographic content create great risks which are available easily on the web without screening, causing harm to the social order.

Exercise 4: cause and root cause of obesity

Some people believe that obesity is a result of inactive life, as this causes less exercise and over eating.

Exercise 5: cause and effect of social media

Development of social networking resulting from technological advancement and fast-paced modern life poses serious social concerns, considering gradually alienated relationship between people, as well as deteriorated interpersonal communication skills.

雅思写作同义替换技巧 急中生智化险为夷

雅思写作同义替换技巧一反义正解

比如是这句话:他是个勤劳的人,这句话勤劳可能很多同学不太会拼diligent 甚至会拼成delegent,但是通过反义正解的方法。

比如:他不是懒惰的人= 他是个勤劳的人,懒惰这个单词大家都知道是lazy, 所以 not lazy= diligent。

可能大家觉得这个例子比较简单,我们可以看这句话:压力是不可避免的因素在现在的生活,“不可避免”查字典的话会有如下的单词:inevitable/ unavoidable/ indispensable 这些单词基本都是6级词汇对于高中学生是比较难背的,但通过反义正解的话。

不可避免=必要/必须的= necessary 这句话就很好的表达了。

如下几个例子同学看参考一下:父母经常忽视孩子的成长

neglect/ ignore:忽视=不重视

父母经常不重视孩子的成长:Parents often do not pay much attention to the growing of children.

雅思写作同义替换技巧二具体解释

大家可能在电视节目上看到过 我来笔画你来猜的节目,其实就是对词语的解释,其实这个方法也可以用在雅思写作中,比如这个例子:政府应该提供资助给难民

资助sponsor/subsidize,难民 refugee

这两个单词属于六级词汇,如果用具体解释的方法

资助可拆分为资=金钱上的=financial 助=帮助=help

难民=遭受灾难的人=the people who were suffered from disaster.

这句话就可以很容易的解释出来:The government should provide financial support/help for the people who were suffered from disaster.

例子1虐待儿童的人应该受到惩罚

maltreat:虐待=残忍地=不好地=坏地对待

The people who treat children cruelly/badly should be punished

例子2房价开始轻微地开始下降

slightly:轻微=以缓慢的速度

The price of house start to decrease at a slow rate.

例子3人们应该努力在生态平衡的问题上做出贡献

ecological balance:生态平衡=人与自然地平衡

People should make great efforts to the problem on the balance between human beings and nature

例子4政府应该严厉地惩罚罪犯

罪犯=违反法律的人,the people who violate/disobey the law

The governmnet should stictly punish the people who violate/disobey the law.

大家会发现通过解释说明的方法,字数会显得特别长,既不用背单词,又可以很清楚的解释出来,感觉哎呦不错,能凑字数。

雅思写作同义替换技巧三同义替换

同学们也同样可以从中文的角度出发,进行一下意思的转换,

比如 天天用牛奶洗脸是奢侈的。还是用特仑苏洗脸奢侈到极品。

奢侈这个单词是extravagant, 如果我们从中文上转换一下,天天用牛奶洗脸是浪费的。跟上句话意思是一样的,但是浪费的这个单词 wasteful 大家就像大宝天天见一样,我们的同学是非常熟悉的:Washing face with milk everyday is wasteful.

例子1生活质量提高,缓解家庭经济负担

Improve living quality, and release the economic burden of family:生活水平提高,减少家庭花费

improve living level/ living standard, and reduce the family spending.

例子2梅西毫无争议是最优秀的足球运动员

不会表达的单词:indisputably

梅西肯定,必然是最优秀的足球运动员

Messi is certainly/surely/ must be the best football player.

雅思写作评分标准解读 写作琅琊榜

雅思写作标准之一. Task response & Task achievement

此项评分标准检测的是考生是否恰当回答了写作要求的程度(degree to which the exam question has been answered properly).

Task 1的要求是考生在大约20分钟内完成一篇至少150字的文章,包括:summarize, describe or explain 图表所包含的信息,同时也需要对相关信息进行比较。因此完成一篇较好的小作文,需要做到以下几点:1)Identify ALL key features (找出图表中所有的关键信息)2)Provide sufficient detail for a meaningful explanation(进行解释说明时提供充分、适量的信息),但是不要太多也不要太少!(突然想起了老外吐槽咱们中国食谱中的加盐“少许”)同时保证在描写趋势和数据时的准确性。3)A clear overview (一个清晰的概述):summarise significant trends/features(总结出最明显的趋势和特征)

Task 2 的要求是考生在大约40分钟内完成一篇至少250字的文章:就某一问题阐述自己的观点,并使用证据来支持此观点。请注意:task 2 的分值比task 1要高! 那么要完成一篇出色的大作文,需要注意以下几点:1)respond completely to all parts of the question (回答题目中的所有要求)2)develop and support your ideas (提出并使用论据支持自己的观点):不要只提观点!添加explanations, examples or experiences!3)ensure your opinion is clear (保证整篇文章的观点清晰一致)最后,提供考生们在写作时可以运用的一个checklist:标出题目中的关键词;找出问题中有几个部分;保证完成题目中的所有要求;写作之前先梳理出观点并确定其相关性;然后将观点进行分类和排序;严格遵循建议时间(20min+40 min)并达到最低字数要求。

雅思写作官方标准之二. Coherence & cohesion

该评分标准旨在考察考生组织文章以及连接信息和观点的能力。几个注意点如下:1)进行分段2)句首中心句3)使用连接词或短语来连接段落和句子 (注意不要使用过度!)

雅思写作官方标准之三. Lexical Resources

此项评分标准考察考生写作词汇的多样性&准确性。几条小建议:1)注意学习同义词2)学习词伙(collocation),而非一个独立的单词3)使用正确的词性4)写完一定要检查(检查拼写错误,丰富语言)5)正确使用一些不常见词汇注意:考官并不会看你词汇或观点的创新性,而是有效、准确地阐述!!

雅思写作官方标准之四. Grammatical Range & Accuracy

此项评分标准考察考生写作语法的多样性&准确性。语法的多样性发面方面,请关注:时态,比较级,条件句,情态动词,被动语态的使用。同时也请注意使用复杂句,注意整篇文章简单句和复杂句用量的平衡。注意,标点符号使用错误也会失分!不过,并不要求考生做到100%无误,但控制错误率很重要!考官将会根据这些错误“影响信息交流的程度”酌情扣分,而非“错误的数量”!注意:留出时间检查语法错误,你会发现你总是能够发现一些错误!

篇6:There be 句型课程讲解

There be 句型课程讲解

(一)一、There be 句型的用法:

表示某个地方存在某物或某人,Be动词的单复数必须依主语的变化而变化。如:房间里有一张桌子。There is a table in the room.区别: 表达一个人拥有某样东西时则用have/has,如:我有一张桌子。I have a table.二、There be 句型的结构:

There is+第三人称单数可数/不可数主语+地点状语

例:There is a ruler on the desk.书桌上有一把尺。There is some water in the bottle.瓶子里有一些水。There are+复数主语+地点状语

例:There are four apples on the tree.树上有四个苹果。

There are many flowers in the park.公园里有许多花。There is+第三人称单数可数+V-ing+地点状语

例:There is a bird singing in the tree.树上有一只鸟正在唱歌。

There is a baby sleeping in the room.房间里有一个宝宝正在睡觉。There are+复数主语+V-ing+地点状语

例:There are some birds singing in the tree.树上有一些鸟正在唱歌。

There are two boys running on the street.街上有两个男孩正在奔跑。

There be 句型的疑问句及回答

(二)一、There be 句型的疑问

1.在“There is/are...”的疑问句中,要把Be动词放在there之前,并将句号变问号。难点:句中出现的some要改成any。

2.肯定回答为:Yes, there is/are.3.否定回答为: No, there isn’t/aren’t.结构分析:

Be动词+there+主语„„?

1.There is an apple on the tree.Is there an apple on the tree? 肯定回答:

Yes, there is.否定回答:

No, there isn’t.2.There are five pens on the desk.Are there five pens on the desk? 肯定回答:

Yes, there are.否定回答:

No, there aren’t.3.There is some water in the cup.Is there any water in the cup? 肯定回答:

Yes, there is.否定回答:

No, there isn’t.2 / 3

There be 句型的否定形式

(三)一.

There be 句型的否定:

否定形式只要在be动词后面加not即可,但要注意的是句中的some改成any.1.There is a knife in the kitchen.否定:There is not a knife in the kitchen.2.There are five apples on the tree.否定:There are not five apples on the tree.3.There is some ink in the bottle.否定:There is not any ink in the bottle.4.There are some birds singing in the tree.否定:There are not any birds singing in the tree.There be 句型的练习题

一、选择题:

1.There are_____ pencils in my pencil box.(Level1---4S)A.a

B.an

C.some 2.There is ______ chair in my bedroom.(Level1---5S)A.a

B.an

C.five 3.There are _____ new books for you.(Level2---1T)A.a

B.an

C.two 4.There is _______ ruler on the desk.(Level2---1S)A.a

B.an

C.some

二.把下例句子改成疑问句: 1.There are four apples on the floor.(Level2---1S)疑问句:_______________________________________ 2.There are five birds in the tree.(Level2---1S)

疑问句:_______________________________________ 三.把下例句子改成否定句:

1.There are two bowls on the table.(Level2---4S)否定句:__________________________________________ 2.There are some beautiful flowers in the garden.(Level2---5S)否定句:__________________________________________ 3.There is a tree in the garden.(Level2---5S)否定句:___________________________________________

四、用There be 句型翻译下列句子 1.教室里有很多桌子和凳子。

/ 3

2.冰箱有很多水果。

3.树上有两个风筝和一只鸟。

树上有一只鸟和两个风筝。

篇7:英语句型变长的相关知识讲解

将5个基本句型(或者2个基本句型,即状态型、动作型)增加定语、状语、并列成分或者句子成分,使句子本身变长。

这也是句子表意细化、丰富化的重要手段。

例如:

句型1变长:

He is the boy who wants to see you.

他就是想要见你的那个男孩。

(这里增加了2个定语)

The tall students in Class 1 and Class 2 come/are from Shandong province.

一班和二班的高个学生都来自山东省。

(增加了4个定语)

Now everyone is very happy when a long vacation comes.

如今当长假来临时,每一个人都很高兴。

(增加了2个状语,其中when…comes是从句,是状语成分)

句型2变长:

I can run much faster when I am not tired.

在我不疲劳时,我能跑得快很多。

(增加了2个状语)

From now on they may go wherever they want to.

从现在开始他们可以去任何想去的地方。

(增加了2个状语)

Now he is working in a big American company whose headquarters is located in New York.

现在他在一家总部位于纽约的很大的美国公司上班。

(增加了2个状语和4个定语)

句型3变长:

The girl student from Hangzhou will surely win the first gold medalwhich will change her fate.

一个来自杭州的女学生一定会获得将改变她命运的第一块金牌。

(增加了7个定语和1个状语)

Nowadays most people in the cities like to go picnicking on weekend.

现在城里人喜欢在周末搞野炊。

(增加了2个状语和2个定语)

In my opinion, they will accept the condition because they know they have no choice.

在我看来,他们会接受这个条件,是因为他们知道自己别无选择。

(增加了2个状语)

句型4变长:

In my childhood, my sister taught me a very touching song.

在我的童年时期,姐姐教给我一支非常动听的歌曲。

(增加了1个状语和5个定语)

In our childhood, my mother andaunt taught my brother, my sister and me a very touching beautiful song which we still remember.

在我们童年时期,我妈妈和阿姨教给我弟弟、我妹妹和我一首至今还记得的很美丽很动听的歌曲。

(增加了1个状语,9个定语和3个并列成分)

句型5变长:

Sunday Jane invited three close friends toattend a farewell party.

星期天简邀请了3个好友参加告别晚会。

(增加了1个状语和4个定语)

As soon as I arrived, they asked me to meet their new general managerand new partners.

我一到,他们就叫我去见他们的新总经理和新合作伙伴。

(增加了1个状语,4个定语和1个并列成分)

Normally Nick does not force you to do what you don’tlike to do because he can always find someone who likes to do it.

通常尼克不会强迫你做不喜欢的事,因为他总能找到喜欢做这件事的人。

(增加了2个状语和2个定语,有2个成分由于是从句,本身变得特别长)

作者|丹丹英语

篇8:句型讲解教案

1. I study by working with a group. 我通过小组练习学习。

by+v-ing构成方式状语,表示“以某种方式、手段做某事”,by后也可接名词。例如:

He teaches himself the violin by practicing the whole night.

他通过整夜的练习自学小提琴。

She got there by taking a bus (=by bus). 她乘公共汽车到的那里。

I study English by watching English movies.

我通过看英语电影学习英语。

I knew by his appearance that he was not English. 通过他的外表我就知道他不是英国人。

2.It’s too hard to understand the voices. 很难听明白那些话。

本句是too…to…句型,含有否定意义,意为“太……以致不……”,其中too是副词,用来修饰形容词,to是动词不定式符号。句中it是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式。例如:

The apple is too high to reach.

那苹果太高了,够不着。

The boy is too young to understand the story.

他年龄太小,不能理解这个故事。

在使用这个句型时,以下三点值得注意:

(1)当句中的主语与不定式有逻辑动宾关系时,不定式后不能接宾语。

Tom spoke too quickly for us to understand.

汤姆讲得太快了,我们听不懂。

(2)当句中的主语与不定式有逻辑动宾关系,而不定式又是不及物动词时,要加相应的介词。

The house is too small for the family to live in.

房子太小,以致于家里人住不下。

(3)中考对这一知识点的考查常以句型转换形式出现,如与so…that…和…enough to…结构互为转换。例如:

The little boy walked too fast for his parents to catch up with.

这个小男孩走得太快了,他父母跟不上。

→The little boy walked so fast that his parents couldn’t catch up with him.

The box is too small to hold these books.

这个箱子太小了装不下这些书。

→The box is not big enough to hold these books.

3. He also thinks that watching English movies isn’t a bad way because he can watch the actors say the words.

他还认为看英语电影是一种好方法,因为他可以看到演员在说什么。

(1)本句为主从复合句,that引导宾语从句作think的宾语,because引导原因状语从句,修饰宾语从句。

(2)watching English movies是动名词短语作宾语从句的主语。非谓语动词短语作主语时,视为第三人称单数,无论非谓语动词后的宾语是单数还是复数,谓语动词都要用第三人称单数形式。通常可以用形式主语it代替非谓语动词短语,将真正的主语放在句子后面。例如:

Reading more English story books is a good way for English study.

多读一些英语故事对英语学习有好处。

To finish the work on time is very difficult.

=It is very difficult to finish the work on time.按时完成这项工作非常困难。

(3)在watch the actors say the words中,谓语动词watch后跟的是带有一个动词不定式短语的复合宾语,动词不定式say前面省去了to。英语中,当感官动词watch, see, listen to, hear, look at, feel, notice 等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时,通常省去不定式符号to。例如:

The man saw a thief run out of a shop. 那人看见一个小偷从一家商店跑了出来。

I often hear the girl sing a song in the next room.我常常听到那个女孩在隔壁唱歌。

4. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation?我们来大声朗读练习发音怎么样?

what about 意为“……怎么样?”与how about 意思相同且用法相同,用于征求对方意见,看法,建议对方做某事。后面接名词、代词或v-ing形式等。

What (How) about a trip to London? 到伦敦去旅游一趟如何?

What (How) about you, Helen? Do you like that book? 你怎么样,海伦?你喜欢那本书吗?

What (How) about playing football with me? 和我一起踢足球怎么样?

5. We get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese. 因为当我们谈论某事激动起来时,最后就讲起中文来了。

(1)get excited about=be excited about 为固定短语,意为“对……感到兴奋”。介词about后通常接名词、代词或v-ing 形式。例如:

Aren’t you excited about it?

你难道对那件事不感到兴奋吗?

The boys got excited about going to Shanghai. 男孩们对去上海感到很兴奋。

The students are excited about the results of the exams. 学生们对考试结果感到非常兴奋。

(2)end up sth. /doing sth. 意为“结果为……”,“以……结束”,通常指意料之外的结果。例如:

He ended up in prison.

他最终锒铛入狱。

They were going to go swimming, but ended up staying at home and watching TV. 他们原计划去游泳,但结果却是呆在家里看电视。

6.I don’t know how to use commas. 我不知道怎么使用逗号。

句中how to use commas是带有疑问词的动词不定式作宾语,不定式的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。在中考中,往往将其与宾语从句进行句型转换来对这一知识进行考查。例如:

He didn’t know what he should do.

→He didn’t know what to do.

他不知道应该做什么。

Jim told Lin Tao how he would spend the day.

→Jim told Lin Tao how to spend the day. 吉姆告诉林涛他是怎样度过这一天的。

The students should know what to do or what not to do in school.

我们在使用这一结构时有两点需要注意:

(1)在这一结构中,如果是疑问代词what, which, whom时,是作其后不定式短语中动词的宾语,因此动词应是及物动词,若是不及物动词,需加相应的介词。例如:

I don’t know what to say.

我不知该说什么。

He wants to know whom to work with.

他想知道将和谁在一起工作。

(2)在这一结构中,如果是疑问副词when, where, how时,是作其后不定式短语的状语,因此它们后面可接不及物动词,若接及物动词,须有自己的宾语。例如:

Please tell me where to go.

请告诉我去哪里。

Do you know how to do the exercise?

你知道怎样做这个练习吗?

7.I don’t have a partner to practice English with.

我没有练习英语的同伴。

句中to practice English with是接介词的不定式短语作定语。这一语言现象有两种情况:

(1)当被修饰的中心词与作定语用的不定式在意义上是动宾关系,并且不定式是“动词+介词”这类短语动词时,动词后的介词不能去掉。例如:

Mr. Johnson was a difficult person to wait on.约翰逊先生是一个很难侍候的人。

He is a man not to be looked down upon. 他是一个不可小看的人。

(2)当被修饰的中心词与作定语用的不定式在意义上是动状关系,即中心词是不定式(及物动词或不及物动词均可)动作发生的地点、工具等,不定式后一般要用一个适当的介词来表示这种关系。例如:

They want to buy some sickles to cut rice with.

人们想买几把镰刀用来割谷。

It’s getting dark. We have to find a hotel to live in. 天快黑了,我们得找个旅馆住下。

8. First of all, it wasn’t easy for me to understand the teacher when she talked to the class. 首先,当老师和同学们交谈时,我不容易听得懂。

本句是“it be+adj.+to do sth.”句型。it是形式主语,代替后面真正的主语动词不定式。例如:

It is not easy to learn English well. 学好英语不容易。

It is necessary to master at least a foreign language.

有必要至少掌握一门外语。

当动词不定式的逻辑主语需要表示出来时,有以下两种情况:

(1)形容词通常用来表示事物的形状或特征时,用“it+be+adj.+for sb. to do sth.”句型。常见的这类形容词有difficult, hard, easy, heavy, dangerous, expensive,useful, impossible等。例如:

It is impossible for her to buy the car with cash.要她用现金买那辆汽车是不可能的。

It’s common for leaves to fall from the trees in the fall. 秋天树叶从树上落下是件常事。

(2)形容词通常用来表示人的行为或品德时,用“it+be+adj.+of sb. to do sth.”句型,常见的这类形容词有honest, wise, clever, brave, foolish, kind, good, careful, stupid, silly, nice, right, wrong, polite, rude等。例如:

It was brave of her to save the children.

她救起那些孩子们,很勇敢。

It was careless of him to leave the door unlocked. 他没有把门锁上,实在是太粗心了。

9. Later on, I realized that it doesn’t matter if you don’t understand every word. 后来,我意识到是否理解每个词无关紧要。

句中it doesn’t matter…是动词matter的常用句型。matter用作动词主要用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中,意为“要紧”、“关系重要”,多用it作主语。偶尔也用于肯定句中。例如:

It will not matter if you come home late. 你回家晚了也没关系。

It doesn’t matter who wins in the match. 谁在比赛中获胜没关系。

It doesn’t matter whether Danny goes there or not.丹去不去那儿无关紧要。

根据情况其后可接介词to,表示对某人有关系,或接介词about,用来表示做某事是否有关系。例如:

What does it matter to you?

这对你有什么关系?

It doesn’t matter about closing the window. 关上窗子没有关系。

10. She had trouble making complete sentences. 她在造完整的句子方面有些困难。

本句是“have+n.+(in) doing…”句型,意为“做……有……”,have后常接fun, difficulty, trouble, problems等词语。介词in指“在某一方面”,常可以省略。例如:

We’re going to have fun learning and speaking English this term. 这个学期我们学说英语将会很有乐趣。

The students had trouble (in) climbing the hill.

同学们在登山时遇到了一些问题。

We had some problems getting to the top of the mountain.

到达山顶我们费了些劲。

We have difficulty talking and playing with him.

我们很难和他一起聊天和玩。

Unit 2

11. I used to be afraid of the dark. 我过去怕黑。

Did you use to play the piano? 你过去常常弹钢琴吗?

本句为used to结构的疑问句形式。used to是情态动词,只有过去式,没有其他任何时态,表示过去存在但现在已不存在的情况或习惯,to是不定式符号,后面跟动词原形。例如:

We used to work in the same workshop.

我们曾在同一个车间工作。

There used to be many people smoking in the office, but now nobody is allowed to.

过去在办公室里常常有许多人抽烟,而现在不让人抽了。

used to的疑问和否定形式可以用助动词did,也可直接用used构成。例如:

Did it use to rain here in summer?

=Used it to rain here in summer?

这儿以前夏季时常下雨吗?

We did not use to see each other.

=We usedn’t to see each other.

我们以前不经常见面。

12. But now I’m more interested in… 但我现在对……更感兴趣。

be interested in“对……感兴趣”, 表示“有兴趣做某事”be interested to do sth.句型。两个句型中的be动词可用become或get代替,侧重于由不感兴趣到感兴趣。例如:

I’m interested in this TV play.

我对这部电视剧感兴趣。

The old American became interested in Beijing Opera.这位美国老人对京剧产生了兴趣。

I am not interested in doing business with that company.

我不喜欢和那家公司做买卖。

He was interested to watch their faces and their costumes.他饶有兴趣地注视着他们的面孔和衣服。

13. I’m terrified of the dark.

我非常害怕黑夜。

terrified是动词terrify的过去分词形式,在句中相当于形容词,含有very afraid的意思。可构成短语be terrified of…“对……非常害怕”, be terrified at “因……而害怕、惊恐”。例如:

Some children were terrified of a long roll of thunder.

有些小孩子害怕隆隆的雷声。

The child was terrified of being left alone in the house. 那孩子害怕把他一个人留在家里。

She was terrified at the deafening explosion. 她被那震耳欲聋的爆炸声吓了一跳。

The old lady was terrified at the thought of crossing such a busy road.

老妇人想到要穿过这样一条繁忙的马路便感到害怕。

14. I go to sleep with my bedroom light on.

我开着卧室的灯睡觉。

句中with my bedroom light on是介词with的复合结构,在句中作伴随状语。with复合结构由两部分构成,第一部分介词的宾语,由名词或代词充当,第二部分是宾语补足语,由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词。该结构在句中多数充当状语,表示行为方式,伴随情况、时间、原因或条件。例如:

We can see a big house with trees around it. 我们看见一栋高大的房子,四周树木环绕。

He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut. 关好寝室门他就上床去睡觉了。

With the meal over, we all went home. 吃过饭我们都回家了。

With the boy to lead the way, we will find the house easily tomorrow.

有那个男孩带路,明天我会很容易地找到这幢房子。

15. Before I started high school, I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends, but I just don’t have the time anymore.

我上高中前,花了许多时间和朋友们一起玩,可现在我不再有时间玩了。

(1)句中的spend使用的句型是spend time (in) doing sth.,意为“花费时间或钱做某事”,其中介词in可以省去。spend另一个常用句型是spend time on sth.“在某事或物上花费时间或钱”。试比较:

I spent my holidays (in) traveling in Scotland.

我到苏格兰旅行度假了。

He spent a lot of money on books. 他花了很多钱来买书。

(2)not…anymore意为“不再……”、“再也不……”,anymore可分为any more。not…anymore同义词语是no more, not…any longer/no longer,区别是:not…anymore常用于日常对话,侧重于程度或在数量上不再增加。常可以写成no more。不过no more多用于书面语,多修饰瞬间动词。

I won’t go to his house any more/anymore.

我再也不到他家去了。

Time lost will not return anymore.

=Time lost will return no more.

=Lost time will no more return.

失去的时间一去不返了。

no longer,侧重于时间上不再延长,表示时间上的“不再”,常含有今昔对比之意,比较正式,动词常用作一般现在时,有时用作过去时。no longer的变化形式是not…any longer,多用于口语。

She could no longer go to school.

She couldn’t go to school any longer. 她再也不能上学了。

I must not disturb you any longer. 我决不能再打扰你了。

16. My life has changed a lot in the last few years. 在过去的几年里,我的生活改变了许多。

in the last few weeks/months/years表示“在过去的几周/月/年里”,常用在现在完成时态中。“in the past+时间段”也有这一用法,意思相同。例如:

I have made a great progress in the last few weeks. 在过去的几周里,我进步很快。

He has learned lots of English words in the last few months.在过去的几个月里,他学习了很多的英语单词。

I have taught in this school for ten years.

我在这所学校教书已10年了。

=I have taught in this school since ten years ago.自从10年前我就在这所学校教书。

Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years.

在过去的几年里我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。

17. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. 于梅好像变了许多。

本句为It seems that…句型。seem表示“好像、似乎、看起来”,表示根据某种迹象看出主观的、但不肯定的判断,这种判断往往接近事实。例如:

It seemed that he had missed the train. 看来他没搭上火车。

It seems that he is happy today. 今天他似乎很高兴。

It seems that…句型往往可转换为Sb. seem to do sth.。例如:

It seems that he understands the meaning of the word.

=He seems to understand the meaning of the word.他似乎理解了这个单词的意思。

It seems that she is sleeping.

=She seems to be sleeping.

她好像在睡觉。

It seems that…句型可拓展为It seems to sb. that…,意为“在某人看来……”。例如:

It seems to me that it will rain tonight. 我看今晚要下雨了。

It seems to me that there is something strange about the case.

在我看来这件案子有点奇怪。

It seems后面除了可接that从句外,还可以接as if引导的从句。例如:

It seems as if it is going to be fine. 好像天要放晴了。

It seemed as if the man over there had been drunk.

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