高考英语总复习之语法：形容词和副词

高考英语总复习之语法：形容词和副词（精选5篇）

篇1：高考英语总复习之语法：形容词和副词

一、考点聚焦

1、形容词、副词的作用与位置

形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词，其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记；

（1）形容词短语作定语，定语后置。

a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high

（2）表语形容词（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定语，定语后置。如a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad”。

（3）用作定语，修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时，通常后置。如：

I have something important to tell you.

（4）else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。

（5）enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置，程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面，enough修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置。

（6）几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。如：

We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.

（7）频度副词如often、always、usually等在be动词后，行为动词前。

（8）副词作定语，定语后置。如：

The person there is waiting for you.

（9）几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定语（The、A）+ 描绘性形容词 + size（大小）+ shape（形状）+ age（年龄、时间）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名词。如：

a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,

the man’s first tow interesting little red French oil paitings

（10）以-ly结尾的词性辨析。

①下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。

②表愿意（无-ly）和引申意(有-ly)的副词：

deep深 wide宽广 high高 low位置低

deeply深入地 widely广泛地 highly高度地 lowly地位卑微

③有无-ly意义大不相同的副词：

dead完全，绝对be dead asleep

deadly非常be deadly tired

pretty相当be pretty certain that…

prettily漂亮地be prettily dressed

close近Don’t sit close.

closely密切地Watch closely!

late晚、迟arrive late, come late

lately最近I haven’t seen him lately(recently).

2、复合形容词的构成

（1）形容词 + 名词 + ed

kind-hearted好心的，white-haired白发的

(2)形容词 + 形容词

red-hot炽热的，dark-blue深蓝的

（3）形容词 + 现在分词

good-looking好看的，easy-going随和的

（4）副词 + 现在分词

hard-working勤劳的，fast-moving快速转动的

（5）副词 + 过去分词

hard-won得来不易的，newly-made新建的

（6）名词 + 形容词

life-long终生的，world-famous世界闻名的

（7）名词 + 现在分词

peace-loving爱好和平的，fun-loving爱开玩笑的

（8）名词 + 过去分词

snow-covered白雪覆盖的，hand-made手工的

（9）数词 + 名词 + ed

four-storeyed 4层楼的，three-legged 3条腿的

（10）数词 + 名词（名词用单数）

ten-year 的,two-man两人的

3、形容词和副词的比较等级

（1）原级的构成和用法。

构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。

用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as) + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数 + as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构。如：

Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.

This building looks not so (as)high as that one.

Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .

This room is three times as large as that one.

（2）比较级和最高级的构成。

掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。

（3）比较级的用法。

①对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 + than”的结构表示。如：

This picture is more beautiful than that one.

②表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示。如：

This room is less beautiful than that one.

③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by fay等修饰。如：

He works even harder than before.

注意：英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“…一些”或不译出，一般不可有“更”。如：

She is better than she was yesterday

Please come earlier tomorrow.

另注意：by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。如：

He is taller by far than his brother.

He is by far the taller of the two brothers.

④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语），the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语）”的结构（意为“越……越……”）。如：

The harder he works, the happier he feels.

⑤不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构。如：

The weather is getting colder and colder.

The girl becomes more and more beautiful.

⑥某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于……）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在……之前）等。

He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.

⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。

The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.

A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.

⑧倍数表达法。（A）A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）。The new bui9lding is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍（高三倍）。（B）A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。（C）A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.

(4)最高级的用法。

①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如：

Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.

He works(the)hardest in his class.

②最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰。如：

This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest.

How much did the secon most expensive hat cost?

③表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。

④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。如：

He is the tallest(boy)in his class.

⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。如：

Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.

(5)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。

①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。

②形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”。如：

He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very)

The film is most interesting.(most=very)

③表示两者间“较……的一个”比较级前加the。如：

who is the older of the tow boys?

④在“the + 比较级…，the + 比较级…”结构中。

⑤在same前一般要加the。

⑥有些形容词前加the 成为名词。如the poor、the rich 等。

（6）由as / so组成的形容词或副词短语。

① as much as + 不可数名词数量。

Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.

She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.

②as many as + 可数名词数量 多达

I have as a many as sixteen referrence books.

③as early as早在

As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.

④as far as远到；就……而知（论）

We might go as far as (走到)the church and back.

As far as I know（就我所知），he has been there before.

⑤may (might, could)as well不妨、不如

Then you might as well stay with us here.

⑥as … as can be到了最……的程度，极其

They are as unreliable as they can be.他们极其不可信。

⑦as … as one can

He began to run, as fast as he could.

⑧as … as possible

Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.

(7)几组重要的词语辨析。

①very 和much的区别。（A）可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very不用much。(B)表示状态的过去分词前用very。a very frightened boy, a very tired child, a very complicated problem, 一般的情况下，以-ing、-ed结尾的分词多用much、very much / greatly等修饰。如：We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. I was much amused by Jack’s attitude。(C)已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如：very interesting / worrying / exicting。（D）too前用much或far,不用very。You are much / far / a lot too nice.另外，在too many / much, too few / little前用far。 There’s far too little opportunity for adventue these days.We’ve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.（E）关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构：（a）修饰绝对意义的形容词，一般不用very,而用quite completely、well、entirely。如：quite wrong(mistaken, sure)、completely dead、quite impossible、quite perfect等。（b）修饰以a-开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词：quite alone, very much alone, wide awake, fast asleep, very much afraid。(c)修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有：be well worth, much the same, freezing cold, quite different, terribly cold / frightening。

②so … that … 与such … that … 的区别。

so + 形容词 / 副词 + that …

so + 形容词 + a（n）+ 单数可数名词 + that …

so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that …

such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that …

such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that …

such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that …

注意：下列结构中只能用so不可用such,当名词前有many、much、little、few等表示“多、少”的词修饰时，如 so much progress、so many people、so little food、so few apples等。但当little表示“小”时用such。如：These are such little boys that they can’t dress themselves.下列so的用法是错误的：so a diffcult problem,so difficult problems, so hot weather。

③其他几组词的辨析。（A）ago、before:ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”；before指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before而不用ago。（B）already、yet、still:already表示某事已经发生；yet表示期待某事发生；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句。

(C)too、also、either:too和also用于肯定句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语，either用于否定句。(D)good、well:与good不同的是，well作形容词，只能在系动词后作表语，表示“身体状况好”，也作副词修饰动词。(E)quick、fast:作形容词皆表“快”。fast多指运动的物体，含持续的意思。quick多指一次动作的敏捷、突然，而且持续的时间较短。(F)real、true:形容词表“真的”。real强调真实存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定语；true指与事实标准和实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。(G)hard、difficult:均表“困难”，但hard通常指体力上困难；difficult则指智力或技能上的困难，困难程度大于hard。它们都可作定语和表语。

二、精典名题导解

选择填空

1. It is generally believed that teaching is ___________it is a science.（NMET ）

A.an art much as B.much an art as

C.as an art much as D.as much an art as

解析：答案为D。本题可从考查形容词的同级比较点入手。在同级比较as…as句式中，如果as后面的形容词作定语且其所修饰的名词前有不定冠词时，该冠词须置于形容词之后，即形成“as + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + as”结构。这道题在名词专题中也有解析，不同的是观察视角不同，应注意培养发散思维。

2. It is always difficult being in a foreign country, __________if you don’t speak the language.(NMET )

A.extremely B.naturally C.basically D.especially

解析：答案为D。本题考查副词的词义辨析。注意掌握词语的准确含义，结合语境进行分析。A项意为“极端地”；B项意为“自然地”；C项“基本上”；D项“尤其，特别地”。根据句意“如果你不会讲（它的）语言，在国外你就总会困难重重”可知答案。

3. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is ______known for his plays.(NMET )

A.the best B.more C.better D.the most

解析：答案为C。本题考查副词的比较级和最高级。要把握句式之间的联系，抓住句子的隐藏信息，结合语境进行分析。根据句意，句中but后应有一词组be well known for…。同时，应注意到前后两个分句把professor White的短篇小说和戏剧进行了对比，故应用well的比较级。

形容词与副词

1．If we had followed his plan，we could have done the

job better with money and people．

A．1ess；less B．fewer；fewer C．1ess；fewer D．fewer；less

2．It is impossible for so workers to do so work in a single day．

A．few；much B．few；many C．1ittle；much D．little；many

3．-If you don’t like the red coat，take the blue one．

-0K，but do you have size in blue?This one is a bit tight for me．

A．big B．a bigger C．the big D．the bigger

4．After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced tractors in 1988 as the year before．

A．as twice many B．as many twice C．twice as many D．twice many as

5．-How did you find your visit to the museum?

-I thoroughly enjoyed it．It was than I expected．

A．far more interesting B．even much interesting

C．so more interesting D．a lot much interesting

6．If there were no examinations，we should have at schoo1．

A．the happiest time B．a more happier time C．much happiest time D．a much happier time

7．On the river there is bridge．

A．an old fine stone B．a fine new wood

C．a stone fine old D．a new wood fine

8．If I had ，I’d visit Europe，stopping at all the small interesting places．

A．a long enough holiday B．an enough long holiday

C．a holiday enough long D．a long holiday enough

9．It Was raining heavily．Little Mary felt cold，so she stood to her mother．

A．close B．closely C．closed D．closing

10．The means of getting from place to place in

the city is the bus．

A．most commonly useful public B．most commonly public used

C．public used more commonly D．most commonly used public

11.Alice is going camping with girls．

A．1ittle two other B．two other little

C．two 1ittle other D．1ittle 0ther two

12.Where have you been days?

A．all last these few B．these all last few

C．1ast all few these D．all these last few

13.He has made progress that all of us want to learn from him．

A．such a good B．so good a

C．a so good D．such good

14.All the people at the party were his supporters.

A．present B．thankful C．interested D．important

15.This kind of apple tastes and sells

A．well；well B．good；good C．good；well D．well；good

16．The storm kept me all through the night．

A．awake B．awoke C．awaked D．awaken

17．My brother was still studying into the night while I was asleep．

A．1ate；sound B．1ately；wide C．deeply；far D．far；late

18．The temperature of a person is about 37℃．

A．formal B．normal C．common D．usual

19．I’m always very when I was asked to recite the text in class．

A．curious B．nervous C．mysterious D．sad

20．It Was impossible for her to get the 9 o’clock train，I know she got up at

9：15．

A．quite B．very C．too D．much

形容词与副词

1-5 CABCA 6-10 DBAAD 11-15 BDDAC 16-20 AABBA

篇2：高考英语总复习之语法：形容词和副词

历届高考题选 1 1.Some of the houses on the hillside are_____ to cars.A.inaccessible 2.Don’t be too _____ about things you are not supposed to know.A.strange 3.The new research team was led by the _____ engineer.A.main 4.It is a good way for us to memorize new words by seeing them _____.A.properly 5.Those T-shirts are usually $35 each, but today they have a _____price of $19 in the Shopping Center.A.regular 6.A person’s _____ body temperature is about 37℃.A.ordinary 7.B.impossible C.inconvenient D.inadequate

B.amusing C.curious D.conscious

B.major

C.chief

D.primary

B.repeatedly C.clearly

D.usually B.special

C.cheap

D.particular B.normal

C.common D.usual---Will Miss Wang attend our meeting tomorrow?---It will not be _____ so.A.commonly 8.His laziness at work made him _____with his workmates.A.distrusted 9.It’s always difficult being in a foreign country, _____ if you don’t speak the language.A.extremely 10.What he has done is far from _____.A.satisfactory 11.After the president made an official announcement, she expressed her _____ opinion.A.personal 12.Alice laid her baby on the sofa _____ and wrapped it with a blanket.A.silently 13.Fred is second to none in maths in our class, but believe it or not, he B.necessarily C.usually

D.extremely B.disliked C.unpopular D.unwelcome B.naturally C.basically D.especially B.satisfied C.satisfaction D.satisfy

B.private

C.single D.individual

B.tenderly

C.friendly D.comfortably _____ passed the last exam.A.easily 14.Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise._____, our minds are developed by learning.A.Probably 15.I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a(an)_____ trick.A.ordinary 16.I would be very _____if you could give me an early reply.A.pleasant 17.The lessons given by Mr.Smith are always _____ and interesting.A.lovingly 18.He left in such a hurry that I _____ had time to thank him.A.almost 19.While a person is asleep, a part of his brain is still _____.A.active

B.hardly

C.actually D.successfully B.Likely

C.Similarly D.Generally

B.easy

C.smart D.simple

B.grateful C.satisfied D.helpful

B.lovely

C.lively D.vividly

B.even

C.hardly D.nearly

B.alive

C.awake D.aware 1-5 ACCBB 6-10 BBCDA 11-15 ABBCD

历届高考题选 2 1.16-19 BCCA When you turn on the TV set, clear pictures will _____appear on the screen.A.rapidly 2.When climbing the hill John was knocked unconscious by an _____ rolling stone.A.untouched 3.Her son, to whom she was so _____, went abroad ten years ago.A.loved 4.I don’t think Peter is too young to take care of the peg dog _____.A.correctly 5.According to the new research gardening is a more _____ exercise for older women than jogging or swimming.A.mental 6.Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea._____, neither of them

B.hurriedly C.lately D.immediately B.unexpected C.unfamiliar D.unbelievable

B.cared

C.devoted D.affected B.properly C.exactly D.actively B.physical C.effective D.efficient could swim.A.In fact 7.The magazine is a(n)_____ number.You can take it out of the reading room.A.back 8.It is good for elderly people to be _____ involved in community service.A.honestly 9.All the people _____ at the party were his supporters.A.present 10.Sugar is not an important element in bread, but flour is _____.A.unique 11.The secret of his success is that he does everything _____.A.efficiently 12.The shopkeeper gave us _____ weight: we got 9 kilos instead of 10 kilos.A.scarce 13.B.Luckily C.Unfortunately D.Naturally

B.past

C.old

D.former B.patiently C.eagerly D.actively B.thankful C.interested D.important B.essential C.natural

D.adequate B.curiously C.anxiously D.sufficiently B.short

C.light

D.slight----You don’t look very _____.Are you ill?----No, I’m just a bit tired.A.good 14.In _____, the northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice.A.common 15.According to the recent survey, cancer is the leading cause of death among young adults in this area, _____ women.A.apparently 16.The university claims that a(n)_____ international student requires $12000 to cover the cost of living in one academic year.A.single 17.My grandfather is as _____ as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing all day.A.enthusiastic 18.Broadly speaking, I would agree with Shirley, though not _____.A.widely

B.well

C.strong

D.healthy B.total

C.general D.particularly B.especially C.exactly

D.probably B.only

C.independent D.unique B.energetic C.talkative D.sensitive B.thoroughly C.entirely D.extensively 19.Those who change mobile phones frequently will pay a heavy price for being _____.A.graceful B.fashionable

C.particular

D.feasible 1-5 DBCBC 6-10 CADAB 11-15 ABBCB

1.16-19 ABCB

历届高考题选 3 Although I can walk about, there is still a _____pain in my leg.A.weak 2.Finnish President said Finland-China relations had progressed _____with fruitful cooperation in new and high-tech fields.A.peacefully 3.The elderly need special care in winter, as they are _____ to the sudden change of weather.A.sensitive 4.When we plan our vacation, mother often offers _____ suggestions.A.careful 5.In _____ Chinese culture, marriage decisions were often made by parents B.slight

C.tender

D.soft B.highly

C.quietly

D.smoothly B.sensible

C.flexible D.positive

B.practical C.effective D.acceptable for their children.A.traditional 6.Most people on this island are recreational fishers, and _____, fishing forms an actual part of their leisure time.A.accidentally 7.Mr.Smith used to smoke _____ but he has given it up.A.seriously 8.That his only son was killed in the air crash was a _____blow to the old man.A.heavy 9.I don’t care about the good salary offered by the company.What I need is a(n)_____ post.A.creating 10.The more frequently farmers use insecticides, the more _____ the insects will become to the chemicals.A.resistant 11.B.historic C.remote

D.initial B.purposefully C.obviously D.formally B.heavily C.badly

D.hardly

B.broad

C.plain

D.main

B.awarding C.challenging D.competing

B.available C.sensitive D.agreeable Studies show that many diseases such as SARS and AIDS are _____ from wildlife.A.especially 12.There was such a long queue for coffee at the interval that we _____ gave up.A.eventually 13.At times, worrying is a normal, _____ response to a difficult event or situation—a loved one being injured in an accident, for example.A.effective 14.If it is quite _____ to you, I will visit you next Tuesday.A.convenient 15.My mother always gets a bit _____ if we don’t arrive when we say we will.A.anxious 16.Small cars are _____ of fuel, so they have more appeal for consumers.A.free 17.B.originally C.magically D.visibly B.unfortunately C.generously D.purposefully

B.individual C.inevitable D.unfavorable B.fair

C.easy

D.comfortable

B.ashamed C.weak D.patient

B.short

C.typical

D.economical The performer was waving his stick in the street and it _____ missed the child standing nearby.A.narrowly 18.You can see the stars on a clear night, but in the daytime they are _____.A.unavoidable 19.I hope I will not be called on in class as I’m not yet _____ prepared.A.attentively B.readily

C.actively

D.adequately B.invisible

C.inaccessible

D.unavailable B.nearly

C.hardly

D.closely 1-5 BDABA 6-10 CBACA 11-15 BACAA

1.历届高考题选 4

16-19 DABD Fitness is important is sport, but of at least _____ importance are skills.A.fair 2.The committee is discussing the problem right now.It will _____ have been solved by the end of next week.A.eagerly 3.Letterboxes are much more _____ in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead.A.common

B.reasonable C.equal

D.proper B.hopefully C.immediately D.gradually B.normal

C.ordinary D.usual 4.Green products are becoming more and more popular because they are environmentally _____.A.friendly 5.Although the country has had political independence for over a century, _____, it needs the support of its neighbors.A.naturally 6.The study surveyed 500 families and found the main _____ problem people suffered was tiredness, followed by loneliness and anxiety.A.domestic 7.Since Tom _____ downloaded a virus into his computer, he can not open the file now.8.John was dismissed last week because of his _____ attitudes towards his job.A.informal 9.A new _____ bus service to Tianjin Airport started to operate two months ago.B.various C.common D.changeable B.economically C.especially D.luckily B.public

C.psychological D.biological B.casual

C.determined D.earnest A.normal 10.B.usual

C.regular

D.common The final score of the basketball match was 93:94.We were only _____beaten.A.nearly 11.It is not socially _____ for parents to leave children unattended at that age.A.accessible 12.“Could we put off the meeting?” she asked.“_____,” he answered politely.“This is the only day everyone is available.” A.Not likely 13.This magazine is very _____ with young people, who like its content and style.A.familiar 14.She devoted herself _____ to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field.A.strongly 15.B.slightly C.narrowly D.lightly B.adorable C.adaptable D.acceptable B.Not exactly C.Not nearly D.Not really B.popular C.similar

D.particular B.extremely C.entirely D.freely He began to take political science _____ only when he left school.A.strictly 16.Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in B.truly

C.carefully

D.seriously temperature, thus creating a _____ environment.A.peaceful B.sensitive

C.common

1-5 CBAAB 6-10 CCBCC 11-15 DDBCD D

篇3：高考英语总复习之语法：形容词和副词

一、形容词的概念与用法

形容词(adjective)用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征。它可在句中充当定语,修饰名词、代词;可以作表语或宾(主)语的补足语,表示主语或宾语的状态、特征;有时也可以作状语。如:

This is abeautifulschool.这是一所美丽的学校。(作定语,修饰名词school)

I have somethingimportantto tell you.我有些重要的事要告诉你们。(作定语,修饰不定代词something)

Our school isbeautiful.我们学校很美丽。(作表语)

Well make our schoolmore beautiful.我们要使我们的学校更美丽。(作宾补)

Our school will be mademore beautiful.我们的学校将会变得更美丽。(作主补)

He got home late that night,hungry and tired.那天晚上他很迟才回来,又累又饿。(作状语)

二、副词的概念与用法

副词(adverb)用以修饰动词、形容词或其它副词。它在句中主要作状语,个别副词也可作表语、定语、或宾(主)语补足语。

He studieshard.他学习很努力。(作状语,修饰动词)

Imterriblysorry for being late. 非常抱歉,我迟到了。(作状语,修饰形容词)

This coat fits himverywell.这件上衣他穿着很合适。(作状语,修饰副词)

The peoplehereare kind to us.这里的人对我们很好。(作定语,修饰The people)

When will you beback? 你什么时候回来?(作表语)

三、形容词与副词的转换

有的形容词加上ly后可转换成副词,规则如下:

注意:friendly, motherly, lovely等词虽然以ly结尾,但不是副词,而是形容词。

四、复合形容词

五、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级构成

1. 规则变化

2. 特殊变化

六、常用形容词、副词比较句型

七、需要注意的几点

1. 避免漏用系动词be。

[译]我今天很忙。

[误]I very busy today.

[正]I am very busy today.

2. 避免修饰错误。

[误] She studies more better than I.

[正] She studies much better than I.

3. 避免产生岐义。

[译]我比她更喜欢那个男孩。

[误]I like the boy better than her.(还可以理解为:我喜欢那个男孩胜过喜欢她)

[正]I like the boy better than she.

4. 避免比较对象不一致。

[误] Her spoken English is as good as I.

[正] Her spoken English is as good as mine.

[正] She speaks English as well as I.

5. 避免自己与自己比较。

[误]He runs faster than any student in his class.

[正]He runs faster than any other student in his class.

[正]He runs faster than anybody else in his class.

[正]He runs faster than (all) the other students in his class.

[正]He runs faster than (all) the others in his class.

[正]He runs faster than any of the other students.

[正]He runs (the) fastest (of the boys) in his class.

6. 从句中“替代”或“省略”时,应使结构清楚、正确。

I spend as much time watching TV as he does ______(write). (Key: writing)

[灵活运用]

一、单句填空

按照下面句子结构的语法性,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的适当形式填空。

1. If there were no examinations, we should have a much ______(happy) time at school.

2. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is ______(well) known for his plays.

3. —How did you find your visit to the museum?

—I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was far _______(interesting) than I expected.

4. I was expecting much ______ (big) rooms. I was ______ (terrible) disappointed.

5. You are so good to me. I am the ______ (lucky) person in the world.

6. As we all know, English is ______(wide) used in the world.

7. A new playground for our children is ______(bad) needed.

8. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a ______(good) voice.

9. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining _______(heavy).

10. He is ______(true) happy who makes others happy.

二、句子翻译

将下列句子翻译成英语,注意下划线部分的用法。

1.在场的那些人都是他的朋友。

2. 他这学期取得的进步比上学期大得多。

3. 他说的话听起来合情合理。

4. 伦敦没有纽约那么现代。

5. 你准备得越快,我们就离开的越早。

6. 一米是一英尺的三倍多长。

7. 汤姆身高1.8米。

8. 我哥哥比我大两岁。

9. 米价格比上个月上涨了15%。

10. 找工作比过去越来越困难了。

三、篇章运用

阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,使用括号中词语的正确形式填空或者将汉语翻译成英语。

Its ___1___ (legal) to drive under the age of eighteen in America. But a ___2 ___(十八岁的) boy managed to pass a driving test on the day of his eighteenth birthday. Most people would consider this ___3___(possible) because he needed a lot of lessons to pass the test. But he arranged to have a___4___ (六小时的) lesson beginning at dawn on his birthday. At first,he was ___5___(care) and hesitant, but he had a wonderful teacher and his driving improved ___6___(great) during the day. By four in the afternoon,still feeling___7___(energy), he was ready to take his test.

He passed the first time! He was___8___(extreme) shocked and drove home very___9___(slow) in the reddish light because the sun was setting. When he got home,he showed his grandfather his certification and told him his whole story. His grandfather broke into smiles,congratulated him___ 10___(warm) and yelled, “My great kid Like me.”

参考答案

一、单句填空

1. happier。考试与无考试之间进行比较,用比较级。

2. better。写短篇故事与写剧本比较“更”有名。

3. more interesting。此处程度副词far用来修饰比较级。

4. bigger, terribly。我原本盼望更大的房间,所以用比较级。terribly修饰表语disappointed。

5. luckiest。“世上最幸运的”,使用最高级。

6. widely。副词widely、highly、deeply表示抽象意义,而副词wide、high、deep表示具体意义,如:His eyes were wide open.。

7. badly。副词badly修饰被动语态。

8. better。她唱的声音与所听的声音比较,故用比较级。

9. heavily。“下大雨(雪)”的“大”用副词heavily。

10. truly。谚语“真正幸福的是使人幸福的人”。true变为副词时要去掉e。

二、句子翻译

1. The peoplepresentwere all his friends.

2. He has mademuch moreprogress this term than he did last term.

3. What he said soundedreasonable.

4. London isnot so modern asNew York.

5.The quickeryou get ready, the sooner well be able to leave.

6. A metre ismore than three times longerthan a foot.

7. Tom is 1.8 metreshigh.

8. Myelderbrother is two yearsolderthan me.

9. The price of rice is15% higherthan last month.

10. Its gettingmore and more difficultto find a job.

三、篇章运用

本文是讲述“他”在18岁生日的那天学习、考试、拿到驾照的经历。

1. illegal。作表语用形容词,由句意可知要填表示“非法的”illegal。

2. 18-year-old 用由“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词作定语。

3. impossible。作宾补仍用形容词,只是意义是改用“不可能的”,上下逻辑才通顺。

4. six-hour。用由“数词+名词”构成的复合形容词作定语。

5. careful。作表语用形容词。

6. greatly。修饰谓语动词improved,作状语,用副词。

7. energetic。在系动词feeling后作表语,用形容词。

8. extremely。修饰分词形容词shocked,作状语,用副词。

9. slowly。修饰谓语动词drove,作状语,用副词。

10. warmly。修饰谓语动词congratulated,作状语,用副词。

篇4：初中英语语法之形容词&副词

形容词副词的原级、比较级和最高级

1、分类：形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三级。

2、规则变化:

(1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er,est构成比较级和最高级。

a)直接加er,est ：

b)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加er,est：

c)以辅音字母+y结尾的,先把y改为i再加上er,est：

(2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more / most.

3、不规则变化:

原级

比较级

最高级

good好的

better更好的

best最好的

well好;(身体)好的,

bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地

worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地;(身体)更不舒服的

worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地;(身体)最不舒服的

ill(身体)不舒服的

many许多的(可数)

more更多的;更

most最多的;最

much许多的(不可数);非常

little少的

less更少的

least最少的

far远的;远地

farther更远的;更远地

farthest最远的;最远地

further进一步的(地)

furthest最深刻的(地)

4、形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法：

(1) 讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。基本句型是：

主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 +(very/too/so/quite/rather…) + 形容词/副词原级 +….如：

He is very oldnow. 他现在很老了。

They ran quitefast. 它们跑得相当快。

The weatherlooks rather bad. 天气看上去相当糟。

I am sohappy! 我是如此的快乐!

☆表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型：

主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物 +….如

He is as excited as his younger sister. 他和他妹妹一样兴奋。

Lily rode her bike as slowly as an oldlady. 莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢。

They picked as many apples as the farmers(did). 他们摘的苹果和农民一样多。

☆表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型：主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词(否定式) + as / so + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物+….如：

He is not so / as excited as his youngersister. 他没他妹妹那么兴奋。

Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly asan old lady. 莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢。

They didn’t pick so / as many apples as thefarmers (did). 他们摘的苹果不如农民多。

(2) 讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时,用比较级。基本句型：

主语(‘A’)+谓语动词+(much/alittle/even/still)+形容词/副词比较级+than+第二个人物(‘B’)+….如：

A modern trainis much faster than a car. 现代的火车比轿车快多了。

This book didn’tcost me more than that one. 这本书花费我的钱不比那本多。

讲述两者有差异,第一个人物不及第二个人物时,用比较级。句型是：

主语(‘A’) + 谓语动词 + less+(多音节形/副)比较级 + than + 第二个人物(‘B’) +….如：

I think English is less difficult thanmaths. 我认为英语不比数学难。

Do you think it less important to learn aforeign language? 你认为学外语不那么重要吗?

(3) 讲述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一个时,用最高级。句型是：

主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 +(the) +形容词/副词最高级 +in / of ….如：

The Changjiang River is the longest inChina. 长江是中国最长的河流。

He jumped (the) highest of the three(boys). 三个男生中他跳得最高。

(4)讲述“是....的几倍”的句型:.....times +as+原级 + as .....

This house is three times as large as thatone . 这栋房子是那栋的三倍大。

He can run five three times as fast as hisbrother. 他跑步的速度是他弟弟的三倍。

(6)讲述“尽可能......”的句型:.....as+ 原级 + as possible/one can.

We should get up as early as possible/wecan. 我们应可能的早起。

5、关于比较等级的重要注释：

1、如果动词是及物或不及物动词,则后面用副词;如果后面是连系动词,则后面用形容词。如：

This car is the fastest of the four.(形容词) 这辆汽车是四辆之中最快的。

This car runs (the) fastest of the four.(副词) 这辆汽车是四辆之中跑得最快的。

2、“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。如：

The weather is getting warmer andwarmer. 天越来越温暖了。

2、“the+比较级…,the+比较级…”表示“越…就越…”。如：

The more trees we plant,the better it willbe. 我们栽的树越多,情况就会越好。

The harder you try,the greater your progressis. 你越是努力,进步就越大。

3、一般的形容词或副词的比较级前面可以加much/alittle/even/still,而表示数量的more之前还可以加some/ any/ no/ one/ two/ many/ several/ a lot等词。如：

It is much colder today than yesterday. 今天比昨天冷多了。

Would you like some more coffee? 你还要些咖啡吗?

He did not eat any more. 他没有再吃。

5、more than / less than分别可以理解为“多于/少于”,相当于副词,morethan=over; less than=under.如：I lived in New York for more than four months. 我在纽约生活了四个多月。

6、“one of the +最高级+名词(复数)”整个短语为单数含义,谓语要用单数形式。如：

One ofthe oldest houses has been burnt in a fire. 最古老的一幢房子在一场大火中被烧毁了。

7、“Which / Who+动词+形/副,□,□or□?”句型中,如果有两个选项,形/副用比较级,如果有三个选项,形/副用最高级。如：

Who has more books, Lin Tao or Han Mei? 林涛和韩梅谁的书最多?

Which is the heaviest,a pig,a horse or anelephant? 猪、马、象哪个最重?

8、上下文中含有both/either/neither/two/twins等表示两个事物的词时,用比较级,而且往往还要加the;含有all/none/noone/ every 等表示三个或三个以上事物时,用最高级。如：

--Do you like the smaller one?—Neither. 小一点的那个你喜欢吗?一个都不喜欢。

篇5：英语语法详解 形容词和副词一

内 容 提 要

形容词和副词在语法结构中主要用于比较级和最高级。形容词和副词的构成形式基本上一样，它们的形式与单音节、双音节和多音节有关，当然还有其特殊形式。形容词和副词比较级的基本用法分为同级比较、比较级和最高级三种形式。但这三种形式都有它们特殊的表达方式以及它们的惯用法。对以下要点大家须一一掌握。

形容词比较级和最高级的形式

一、形容词比较级和最高级的.构成

形容词的比较级和最高级变化形式规则如下

构 成 法 原 级 比 较 级 最 高 级

① 一般单音节词末尾加?er 和 ?est strong stronger strongest

② 单音节词如果以?e结尾，只加?r 和?st strange stranger strangest

③ 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，

须先双写这个辅音字母，再加?er和?est sad

big

hot sadder

bigger

hotter saddest

biggest

hottest

④ 少数以?y,?er(或?ure),?ow,?ble结尾的双音节词，

末尾加?er和?est(以?y结尾的词，如?y前是辅音字母，

把y变成i，再加?er和?est，以?e结尾的词仍

只加?r和?st) angry

clever

narrow

noble angrier

cleverer

narrower

nobler angrest

cleverest

narrowest

noblest

⑤其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词more和most different more

different most

different

二、形容词比较级或最高级的特殊形式：

1.三个或三个以上音节的形容词只能加more和most

只能说 more beautiful而不能说beautifuller; 只能说the most beautiful而不能说beautifullest。

但是，以形容前缀?un结尾的三音节形容词不适合上述情况，如unhappy,untidy，我们可以说：unhappier→unhappiest, untidier→untidiest

2. 由?ING分词和?ED分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如know→known)只能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级

more(most) striking, more(most) interesting, more(most) wounded, more(most)worn等。

3. 英语里有些形容词由于其词义而不可能有比较级形式

absolute fatal main right universal

chief final naked simulta- utter

entire foremost perfect neous vital

eternal inevitable possible sufficient whole

excellent infinite primary supreme wooden

三、不规则形容词的比较级和最高级形式

good

well better best

bad

ill worse worst

many

much more most

little

few less least

far farther farthest

further furthest

副词比较级和最高级的形式

副词比较级和最高级的变化形式与形容词基本上一样

一般 副词

hard→harder →hardest

fast→faster →fastest

late→later →latest

early→earlier →earliest

特殊 副词

well →better →best

much →more →most

badly →worse →worst

little →less →least 但是，开放类副词即以后缀?ly结尾的副词不能像形容词那样加?er或?est，如

quickly →more quickly →most quickly quietly →more quietly →most quietly