高考英语知识点总复习

2022-11-25

第一篇：高考英语知识点总复习

2018高考生物总复习知识点总结

2018高考生物总复习知识点总结：

名词：

1、DNA的碱基互补配对原则：A与T配对，G与C配对。

2、DNA复制：是指以亲代DNA分子为模板来合成子代DNA的过程。DNA的复制实质上是遗传信息的复制。

3、解旋：在ATP供能、解旋酶的作用下，DNA分子两条多脱氧核苷酸链配对的碱基从氢键处断裂，于是部分双螺旋链解旋为二条平行双链，解开的两条单链叫母链(模板链)。

4、DNA的半保留复制：在子代双链中，有一条是亲代原有的链，另一条则是新合成的。

5、人类基因组是指人体DNA分子所携带的全部遗传信息。人类基因组计划就是分析测定人类基因组的核苷酸序列。

语句：

1、DNA的化学结构：①DNA是高分子化合物：组成它的基本元素是C、H、O、N、P等。②组成DNA的基本单位——脱氧核苷酸。每个脱氧核苷酸由三部分组成：一个脱氧核糖、一个含氮碱基和一个磷酸③构成DNA的脱氧核苷酸有四种。DNA在水解酶的作用下，可以得到四种不同的核苷酸，即腺嘌呤(A)脱氧核苷酸;鸟嘌呤(G)脱氧核苷酸;胞嘧啶(C)脱氧核苷酸;胸腺嘧啶(T)脱氧核苷酸;组成四种脱氧核苷酸的脱氧核糖和磷酸都是一样的，所不相同的是四种含氮碱基： ATGC。④DNA是由四种不同的脱氧核苷酸为单位，聚合而成的脱氧核苷酸链。

2、DNA的双螺旋结构：DNA的双螺旋结构，脱氧核糖与磷酸相间排列在外侧，形成两条主链(反向平行)，构成DNA的基本骨架。两条主链之间的横档是碱基对，排列在内侧。相对应的两个碱基通过氢键连结形成碱基对， DNA一条链上的碱基排列顺序确定了，根据碱基互补配对原则，另一条链的碱基排列顺序也就确定了。

3、DNA的特性：①稳定性：DNA分子两条长链上的脱氧核糖与磷酸交替排列的顺序和两条链之间碱基互补配对的方式是稳定不变的，从而导致DNA分子的稳定性。②多样性：DNA中的碱基对的排列顺序是千变万化的。碱基对的排列方式：4n(n为碱基对的数目)③特异性：每个特定的DNA分子都具有特定的碱基排列顺序，这种特定的碱基排列顺序就构成了DNA分子自身严格的特异性。

4、碱基互补配对原则在碱基含量计算中的应用：①在双链DNA分子中，不互补的两碱基含量之和是相等的，占整个分子碱基总量的50%。②在双链DNA分子中，一条链中的嘌呤之和与嘧啶之和的比值与其互补链中相应的比值互为倒数。③在双链DNA分子中，一条链中的不互补的两碱基含量之和的比值(A+T/G+C)与其在互补链中的比值和在整个分子中的比值都是一样的。

5、DNA的复制：①时期：有丝分裂间期和减数第一次分裂的间期。②场所：主要在细胞核中。③条件：a、模板：亲代DNA的两条母链;b、原料：四种脱氧核苷酸为;c、能量：(ATP);d、一系列的酶。缺少其中任何一种，DNA复制都无法进行。④过程： a、解旋：首先DNA分子利用细胞提供的能量，在解旋酶的作用下，把两条扭成螺旋的双链解开，这个过程称为解旋;b、合成子链：然后，以解开的每段链(母链)为模板，以周围环境中的脱氧核苷酸为原料，在有关酶的作用下，按照碱基互补配对原则合成与母链互补的子链。随的解旋过程的进行，新合成的子链不断地延长，同时每条子链与其对应的母链互相盘绕成螺旋结构，c、形成新的DNA分子。⑤特点：边解旋边复制，半保留复制。⑥结果：一个DNA分子复制一次形成两个完全相同的DNA分子。⑦意义：使亲代的遗传信息传给子代，从而使前后代保持了一定的连续性。。⑧准确复制的原因：DNA之所以能够自我复制，一是因为它具有独特的双螺旋结构，能为复制提供模板;二是因为它的碱基互补配对能力，能够使复制准确无误。

6、DNA复制的计算规律：每次复制的子代DNA中各有一条链是其上一代DNA分子中的，即有一半被保留。一个DNA分子复制n次则形成2n个DNA，但含有最初母链的DNA分子有2个，可形成2ⅹ2n条脱氧核苷酸链，含有最初脱氧核苷酸链的有2条。子代DNA和亲代DNA相同，假设x为所求脱氧核苷酸在母链的数量，形成新的DNA所需要游离的脱氧核苷酸数为子代DNA中所求脱氧核苷酸总数2nx减去所求脱氧核苷酸在最初母链的数量x 。

7、核酸种类的判断：首先根据有T无U，来确定该核酸是不是DNA，又由于双链DNA遵循碱基互补配对原则：A=T，G=C，单链DNA不遵循碱基互补配对原则，来确定是双链DNA还是单链DNA。

第二篇：高考英语总复习测试题-18

亿库教育网

http://

高考英语总复习测试题-18 选择填空

1.China is a country __________ the third world. a.belonged to b.which belongs to c.which is belonged to d.which is belonging to

2.Yesterday Retty didn‘t come here because of _____ .And now she is _________ to play basketball. a. ill ,enough good b.illness, good enough c.sick, enough well d.illness, well enough

3.What do you think ________ in the pan over the fire? a.is there b.has there c.there is d.there has

4.It’s nice ________ her to help me _______ my physics. a.of, with b.for, study c.from, to study d.with ,studying

5.He was bron in the year ______ the Anti-Japaese War ________. a.which, broke out b.when ,broke out C.in which, was broken out d.on which ,was broken out

6.Doctors ______ him again and again to give up ___________. a.suggested/drink b.advised/drinking c.talked/to drink d.discussed/drinking

7.---Why are you late? ---I ________ the meeting_________ at 10:00 ,so I caught the 9:00 train. a.think,would start b.thought,will start c.thought would start

亿库教育网

http://

亿库教育网

http:// d.thought,had started

8.By the age of 26,he________ to speak 7 languages and write 4 of them. a.was learning b.has learned c.learned d.had learned

9.Tom talked to his classmates_____________. a.in a friendly way b.friendly c.like friend d.as friend

10.Have you considered ________ Betty a chance to go to college? a.giving b.to give c.give d.to have given

11.Did slave owners grow very rich ___________ the work of slavers? a. in b. by c. on d. with

12.Peope used _________ that China was poor_______ oil,while in fact,she is rich _______ oil. a. to think ,in ,in b. thinking,at ,at c. for thinking, in ,in d. to think, of ,of

13.Do you consider he __________ your best friend? a. as b. to be c. is d. being

14.I‘ll do __________ help you out of the trouble. Which of the following is wrong? a. what I can to b. that I can to c. my best to d. all I can to

亿库教育网

http://

亿库教育网

http://

15.Many students have come into tne classroom.Look!___________ students are coming here. a. more two b. other two c. another two d. two ather

16.He can drink ________ eight bottles of beer each time.But I think he had better not drink_______ beer. a. as much as,as many b. as many as ,so much c. so,much as ,as many d.so many as ,as much

17.Next summer holidays,I will spend the ______________ days at my___________. a. first few,uncle’s b. first a few ,uncle‘s c. first a few,uncle’s d. first few,uncle

18.---Welcome to my house.Would you like a glass of milk and some hamburger? ---Yes,________________. a. very well ,thanks b. that would be nice c. you are wonderful d. it certainly is

19.---Why not play football this afternoon? ---____________.Who shall we ask? a. Good idea b. That‘s right c. We’d better not d. That‘s all right

20.---Oh,it’s six o‘clock already.I must be off now. ---Can ’t you stay a little longer? ---____________________. a. I hope not b. Thank you ever so much c. I‘m afraid not d. No,that ’s all

答案

亿库教育网

http://

亿库教育网

http://

亿库教育网http:// 1--10:b d c a b b c d a a 11-20:c a c b c b a b a c

第三篇：XX届高考英语第一轮总复习教案

课

件高考英语一轮重点复习

module8

Unit1&Unit2

一、重点单词

.happenv.发生

happeningn.事件;偶然发生的事情

归纳:happentodo…碰巧

happentosb.(某人)发生什么事了

ithappenedthat…碰巧

Ifanythinghappenstohim,pleaseletmeknow.万一他有什么不测,请告诉我.

IthappenedthatIhadnomoneyon/about/withme.碰巧我身上没带钱.

=Ihappenedtohavenomoneyon/about/withme.

辨析：happen,occur,takeplace,comeabout

happen一般用语，强调事情发生的偶然性

occur较正式,既可以指自然发生，也可以指有意安排

takeplace指有计划,事先安排的进行的含义

comeabout注重事情发生的原因，常与how连用

考点例题：

)whendidtheaccident_____________________?

2)It_____________________tomethathemightagreewiththeidea.

3)Theconcertwill_______________________nextSunday.

4)Howdidthequarrel________________________?

改

错

：chinahashappened/takenplacegreatchangessince1978.

_____________________________________________________________

(Greatchangeshavehappened/takenplaceinchinasince1978.)

注意：happen,occur,takeplace和comeabout都是不及物动词,无被动语态

2.populationn.人口

(1)对人口提问用what,不用howmany,howmuch。

这个城市有多少人口?______________is

thepopulationofthecity?

(2)population作主语时用单数，但前有分数，小数，百分数时，谓语动词用复数。

中国人口比美国人口多。

Thepopulationofchina____________largerthan_____________ofAmerica.

80%的人口是农民。

80%ofthepopulation_______________farmers.

(3)人口的增加或减少用grow(increase)和fall(decrease);人口的多少用large和small。

Therehasbeenarapidincreaseinpopulationinthecityinthelastfewyears.

近几年该城市人口增长很快。

拓展：populationexplosion人口爆炸

alarge/smallpopulation人口多/少

联系记忆：themajorityof后可用单数名词,也可用复数名词,谓语动词的数与of后面的名词相一致。

Themajorityofpeople___________________peacetowar. Themajorityofthedamage__________________easytorepair.

3.suffervi.受痛苦;受损害vt.遭受;忍受

Inthe16thcentury,afterthearrivalofEuropeans,thenativepeoplesufferedgreatly.

辨析：suffer与sufferfrom

suffer(vt.)和sufferfrom的区别：suffer指一般的损害、

痛

苦

等

其

宾

语

为pain,loss,grief,insult,punishment,wrong,hardship,injustice,discouragement,disappointment,setback(挫折)，但sufferfrom表示遭受战争，自然灾害带来的苦难及患病之意

suffertheresult/heavylosses/injuries承受结果/遭受大损失/负伤

sufferfromheadache/illness/war/theflood遭受头痛/疾病的困扰/战争/洪水

4.followv.跟着，接着，跟踪

Thelittlegirlfollowshermotheraroundallday.这个小姑娘整天跟着她母亲。

(1)followv.沿……而行;顺着

Followtheroaduntilyoucometothehotel.顺着这条路一直走到旅馆。

(2)followv.明白;懂

Ididn’tquitefollowyou,wouldyouexplainitagain?我没太听明白，你能解析一下吗?

(3)followv.听从;服从

Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor

’sadvice,youwouldnotstayinbed.

如果你听从了医生的建议的话，今天你就不会躺在床上了.

拓展：asfollow如下

followinga.随后的n.下一个

follower

n.追随者

followinone’sfootsteps步某人的后尘，以……为榜样

考点例题：

)Thepresidentcameinthehallwithmanyreporters______________.(follow)

2)Thatyoungteacher_______________bystudentsismissZhang.(follow)

5.remain的用法:

remain用作不及物动词，意为“剩下、留下、呆在”，相当于stay。如：

whentheothershadgone,joanremained(=stayed)tocleantheroom.

别人走了，琼留下来清扫房间

区别：stay通常指在某地呆一段时间而不离开，或暂时住在某地，尤指宾客逗留，而remain指别人已经走了，而某人仍在原地。

Hestayedatthehotelforthreedays.

onlyafewleavesremained(=werestill)onthetree.树上只剩下几片叶子了。

TheSmithsremainedthereallthroughtheyear.

史密斯一家人在那里呆了整整一年。

Thesoldierswereorderedtoremainwheretheywere.

士兵们接到命令呆在原地。

注意：“呆在那里”可以说remain/staythere，但“呆在家里”只能说stay(at)home.remain作连系动词，意为“一直保持，仍然处于某种状态中”，后可接多种成分作表语。

)接名词作表语

Peterbecameamanagerbutjohnremainedaworker.

2)接形容词作表语

whatevergreatprogressyouhavemade,youshouldremainmodest.

3)接过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态或已经发生的被动动作。如：

Theyneverremainedsatisfiedwiththeirsuccesses.

(表主语所处的状态)

Theyremainedlockedintheroom.

(已经发生的被动动作)

4)接现在分词作表语，表示正在进行的动作。如:

Theguestscamein,butsheremainedsittingatthedeskreading.(正在进行的主动动作)

Theyremainedlistening.

5)接不定式作表语，表示将来的动作。如:

Thisremainstobeproved.

这有待证实。(将来被动动作)

考点例题：

Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains______whethertheywillenjoyit.

A.tosee

B.tobeseen

c.seeing

D.seen

二、重点短语

.Itislikelythat…=Itispossible/probablythat…有可能

However,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivingincaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.

可能性：likely(主语可以是人/物/it)

possible(可能性较小，主语是it)

probable

(可能性较大，主语是it)

拓展：sb./sth.islikelytodosth.某人/某物有可能做某事

Itislikely/probable/possiblethat...有可能

Itispossibleforsb.todosth....

有可能做……

考点例题：Ishe__________________towin?他有可能获胜吗?

’s___________,thoughnotprobable,thathewillcometomorrow.他明天可能来，但也不一定准来。

It’s____________________thathewentthere.他很可能去那儿了!

Thiswaymakesit___________________foryoutocatchupwithothers.这种方法使你有可能赶上别人.

2.diefromthediseases死于疾病

Inaddition,manydiedfromthediseasesbroughtbyEuropeans.

dieofcancer/hunger/sorrow/thirst/oldage死于癌症/饥饿/悲痛/干旱/衰老

diefromawound/overwork/anunknowncause死于外伤/过度劳累/不明原因

考点例题：

)manyofthem____________starvation.

2)Thesoldier_______________awoundinthebreast.

A.diedof

B.diedfrom

c.diedto

D.diedwith

3.fightfor

“为事业，自由，真理，权利等而斗争(战斗)”

fightagainst(可用with)theenemy

“为反对……而斗争”;接人和国家名词，意思是“与……战斗”

fightwithsb.也可表示与某人并肩作战

fightawar/battle打一场战争

翻译：他们正为自由而战。

________________________________________________________________________

agreat/goodmany

alargenumberof

scoresof

dozensof

修饰

可数

名词

复数

agood/greatdealof

alarge/greatamountof

largeamountsof

修饰

不可

数名

词

alotof=lotsof

plentyof

alarge/greatquantityof=quantitiesof

asupplyof

=suppliesof

可数名词复数/不可数名词

考点例题：

)IimagineifonedayIhad___________money,Iwouldgotravelingaroundtheworld.

A.alargenumberof

B.agoodmany

c.alargeamountof

D.aplentyof

2)Everyyearwehavetoplant_________treesandflowersalongtheriver.

A.agooddealof

B.quantitiesof

c.agoodmanyof

D.numbersof

三.重点句型 Thefactisthattheyarenaturalclonesofeachother.(作表语)

Thefactthatsheseemedtodevelopnormallywasveryencouraging.(作同位语)

ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.(作同位语)

However,scientistsstillwonderwhethercloningwillhelporharmusandwhereitisleadingus.(作宾语)

拓展：同位语从句theAppositiveclause

(1)同位语从句的定义

在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。它一般

放

在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt,promise,question等名词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释,说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词有连词how,when,where,whether,what等。

e.g.Thehopethathemayrecoverisnotgoneyet.

Theproblemwhetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.

Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.

注意：同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：

ThestorygoesthatwilliamTellkilledthekingwithanarrow.

wordcamethattheirteamhadwon.

(2)同位语从句的表现形式:

①由that引导

Thefactthatyouhaven

’

that,连接副词tenoughtimetodotheworkissimplyunbelievable.

②由whether引导

Thequestionwhetherweneedmoretimetodotheworkhasnotbeendiscussed.

③由when引导

Ihavenoideawhentheywillgo.

(3)有时可用namely(即),thatistosay(也就是说),inotherwords(换句话说),thatis(那就是),forexample等引出同位语,说明其前面的名词或代词。有时同位语直接跟在名词或代词的后面。

Hetoldusthegoodnews,namely,themuseumisopentoall.

ThereisonlyonewayofimprovingyourEnglish,thatis,topracticemore.

(4)同位语从句与定语从句的区别：

同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆，我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们：

①同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词;定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的

weexpressthehopethattheywillcometovisitchinaagain.(同位语从句)

Thosewhowanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.(定语从句)

②同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系;

定语从句所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。

Thenewsthattheywonthematchistrue.(同位语从句，news和从句没有逻辑关系)

Thenewsthatyoutoldusyesterdayistrue.(定语从句，news是told的逻辑宾语)

考点例题：用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空。

)Ican’tdecide____________________bookIshouldbuy.

2)chinaisnolonger_________________itusedtobe.

3)Iamveryinterestedin____________

heimprovedhisEnglishinsuchashorttime.

4)_______________weneedismoremoney.

)Thetruth________________theearthturnsaroundthesunisknowntous.

)______________and_______________wewillmeethasnotbeendecidedyet.

【模拟试题】

(一)根据所给汉语完成句子。

.In1089theycametoShenzhenandstartedto_____________________(新生活).

2.Thereare______________________(很多原因)whyshouldn’tdoit. 3.It____________________(她突然想到)thatshecouldturntojohnforhelp.

4.Thephotoswillshowyou_____________________________(我们村子是个什么样子).

5.wehaven

’tsettledtheproblemsof________________________.(她有没有必要去国外学习)

6.Don

’tputofftilltomorrow_____________________________.(今天能做的事情) 7.SincemrZhang______________

(遭受)cancerforseveralyears,hehastobringmedicinetowhereverhegoes. 8.Doyouknowwho_____________

(

可

能

)winthecompetition?

(二)把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句。

.TwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.

2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonafour-dayvisitinchina./weheardthenewslastnight.

3.Teenagersshouldn

’tspendtoomuchtimeonline./manychineseparentsholdtheview.

4.Timetravelispossible./wehavenoscientificprooffortheidea.

5.Studentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople.

(三)完形填空

whenoneasksstudentsthequestion“wholikesgrammar?”,perhapsfewdaretoraisetheirlands.Inmany

thisunderstandableinBritain.yet,

,thestudyofgrammarisoneofthefastestgrowingareasofresearchinuniversitiesallovertheworld.

moresoisthefactthatmanystudentswhodonotlikegrammarinschoolchoose

astheirsubjectofstudyintheuniversity.

Theratherstrangestateofaffairs

anexplanation.onthewhole,studentsconsiderthestudyofgrammaruninteresting,andgrammaris

taughtinmostBritainmiddleschools.However,language,whichwouldbeimpossiblewithoutgrammar,isanimportantpartofhumansociety.

,itisthefoundationonwhichsocietybuildsitself.Anditisourabilitytouselanguagethatmakesitpossibleforustoget

knowourthoughtsandaims,

tocommunicate.Alargepartofourabilityevento

dependsonlanguage.

(

)1.A.reasons

B.ways

c.subjects

D.ideas

(

)2.A.strangely

B.suddenly

c.completely

D.excitingly

(

)3.A.Ever

B.Even

what’s

D.Indeed

(

)4.A.education

B.grammar

c.language

D.anything

(

)5.A.makes

B.asks

c.needs

D.suggests

(

)6.A.poorly

B.carefully

c.successfully

D.attentively

(

)7.A.But

B.Infact

c.Asaresult

D.ontheotherhand

(

)8.A.ourselves

B.yourselves

c.others

D.othercountries

(

)9.A.tothepoint

B.toourjoy

c.inpublic

D.inotherwords

(

)10.A.talk

B.think

c.review

D.consider

【试题答案】

(一)1.makeanewlife

2.agreat/goodmanyreasons

3.suddenlyoccurredtoher

4.whatourvillagelookslike

5.whetheritisnecessaryforhertostudyabroad

6.whatyoucandotoday

7.hassufferedfrom

8.islikelyto

(

二

)1.ThefactthattwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.

2.weheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonafour-dayvisitinchina.

3.manychineseparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline.

4.wehavenoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible.

5.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople.

(三)答案及解析

.选Binmanyways在很多方面

2.选Astrangely奇怪地，此处表示“不可思议地”，因为虽然在英国很少有人喜欢语法，但是研究语法却是全世界发展最快的领域之一，真是不可思议。

3.选B根据more可以确定答案。

4.选B本文主题词grammar。

5.选c这种相当奇怪的状况需要一种解释。而makeanexplanation表示“作解释”。

6.选Apoorly不好;很差，与上句的uninteresting相呼应。

7.选B实际上，语言是社会赖以构成的基础asaresult结果ontheotherhand另一方面。

8.选c这是一个强调句

9.选Dinotherwords换句话说，用来解释上句的意思，tocommunicate与letothersknowourthoughtsandaims的意思相似。

0.选B。

课

件

第四篇：小学六年级英语总复习知识点归纳之三

(话题9-12)

(9)动物：家畜、家禽;农场动物、动物园及野生动物的特点;生活地点和所属关系

words(animals): cat, dog, duck, goose (geese) fish, sheep, bird, panda, monkey, rabbit, hen , cock, chicken, tiger, lion, pig, cow , mouse (mice),giraffe,dolphin,

生活地点：at home, in a farm, in a zoo …

所属关系：同上话题(7)

(10)植物：特点、所属关系;存在的位置

words: tree, rose, flower, leaf(leaves) …

(11)环境与建筑：特点、所属关系;存在的位置

buildings: factory, hospital, park, house, library, museum, office, farm, post office, bank, police station, train station, sports stadium, department store, store, school, classroom, house: bathroom, living-room, sitting-room, bedroom, washroom,kitchen, garden…

房子的基本构造： door, gate, wall, window, floor…

相关句型: 1) Where do you study at ? I study at Longdong Primary School.

2) Where does your mother work at ? She works at a hospital.

3) Let’s meet at the gate of the park.

4) My brother is playing in the garden.

(12)身体：特点

body: head, hair, eye, nose, ear, mouth, neck, shoulder, hand, finger, foot (feet) ,toe…

外貌: fat, thin, plump , tall, short, old, young, round face, two big blue eyes, long hair, short hair, black hair ,white hair…

相关句型: 1) I’m /You’re /He’s/She’s /We’re /They’re (not) tall.

2) Is he/she tall or short? He’s /She’s tall (short).

3) I/We/They/You have (got) black hair.

4) He/She has ( got ) a round face.