会议口译中英文

会议口译中英文（共6篇）

篇1：会议口译中英文

加强企业社会责任

推动和谐社会建设 ——在“中国-瑞典企业社会责任高层论坛”上的演讲

Strengthening CSR for a Harmonious Society---Speech at the Sino-Swedish CSR High-level Forum

商务部副部长

于广洲（2008年4月14日）

By Yu Guangzhou, Vice Minister of Commerce

April 14, 2008

尊敬的赖因费尔特首相，各位来宾，女士们、先生们： Your Excellency Prime Minister Reinfeldt, Delegates, Ladies and gentlemen, 下午好！Good afternoon.四月的北京，春意盎然，鲜花盛开。值此美好时刻，我们迎来了“中国—瑞典企业社会责任高层论坛”的召开。去年6月胡锦涛主席访问瑞典期间，商务部与瑞典外交部代表两国政府签署了《关于企业社会责任合作的谅解备忘录》，标志着两国在这一领域的合作正式启动，对促进两国经济的持续稳定健康发展具有十分重要的意义。今天，两国朋友们齐聚一堂，就企业社会责任开展深入交流，必将对两国企业社会责任建设产生积极的影响。

Here in Beijing in April, spring is high in the air and flowers are in full blossom.On this delightful day, we celebrate the convening of the Sino-Swedish CSR High-level Forum.Last June during the visit of President Hu Jintao to Sweden, the Chinese Ministry of Commerce and Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs signed an MOU on Cooperation in CSR on behalf of their respective governments, which officially kicked off our bilateral CSR cooperation and was vitally important for the sustained, steady and sound development of our economies.Today, we have Chinese and Swedish friends gathered here to discuss in greater depth on the topic of CSR, which I believe will positively shape our future CSR collaboration.企业社会责任运动自上世纪80年代兴起后，已经成为世界潮流。强调企业社会责任，就是要求企业对投资者负责的同时，对员工负责，对消费者负责，对商业伙伴负责，对环境和社会负责。国内外企业的成功经验表明，社会责任也是企业的品牌，是企业核心竞争力的组成部分，是企业长盛不衰的重要法宝。企业要生存和发展，就必须增强社会责任意识，积极履行社会义务。我们有理由相信，未来的企业竞争，将不再仅仅是产品的竞争、技术的竞争和人才的竞争，更是履行社会责任的竞争。“赠人玫瑰，手有余香”。企业在履行社会责任、促进社会和谐的同时，自身也会得到更大的发展。

Since the 1980s, CSR has gone from being a new term to a global trend.Putting emphasis on CSR means companies not only have to be responsible to their investors, but also to their employees, customers, business partners, and to the environment and society.International success stories also show that CSR is part of a company’s brand image and its core competitiveness.It is a vital source of sustained prosperity for business.So in order to survive and grow, it is imperative that companies should raise their CSR awareness and actively fulfill their social responsibilities.We have every reason to believe that future business competition will diversify from specific products, technology and talents toward CSR performance.As the proverb goes, “The rose is in her hand and the fragrance in mine”, companies benefit from their efforts to honor CSR and promote social harmony.随着社会主义市场经济的逐步完善，中国大多数企业的社会责任意识也在不断增强。它们恪守诚信，合法经营，努力为国内外消费者提供高质量的商品，注重节约，保护环境，努力履行社会义务。一些企业还主动发布社会责任报告，公开履行社会责任状况，自觉接受社会监督。当然，受经济发展水平和发展阶段的制约，中国经济增长方式还比较粗放，能源资源消耗多，环境保护压力大，少数企业还存在一些片面追求经济效益、忽视社会责任的行为。

As the socialist market economy gradually improves, there is also a growing sense of social responsibility among the vast majority of Chinese companies.They abide by the code of ethics and lawful operation and are committed to providing high-quality products for domestic and foreign consumers.They pay attention to conservation, environmental protection and CSR fulfillment.Some companies go even further by publishing their CSR reports to disclose their CSR performance and to voluntarily subject themselves to public scrutiny.Of course, constrained by the level and stage of its economic development, China still practices a rough-edged economic growth model, featuring high energy and resources consumption and high environmental costs.A handful of companies are still single-mindedly seeking profits and turning a blind eye to their social responsibilities.中国政府历来重视企业社会责任建设，尤其是近年来的工作力度明显加大。2007年，商务部联合环保部门下发了《关于加强出口企业环境监管的通知》，限制不履行社会环境责任的企业从事对外贸易；出台了《国家级经济技术开发区加强社会责任的若干意见》，要求开发区企业加强履行社会责任；还调整了加工贸易政策，禁止不履行社会责任的企业开展加工贸易。国资委出台了《中央企业履行社会责任的指导意见》，要求央企带头履行社会责任。今年1月1日中国开始实施的新《劳动合同法》，为建设和谐的劳资关系奠定了法律基础。相信在企业和政府部门的共同努力下，中国的企业社会责任建设将不断取得新的成就。

The Chinese government has consistently attached great importance to the CSR initiative and has intensified its efforts in recent years.In 2007, MOFCOM joined the former CEPA in issuing the Circular on Enhancing Environmental Surveillance on Exporting Enterprises, to restrict socially irresponsible enterprises from conducting foreign trade.It promulgated the Opinions on Strengthening CSR at State Economic and Technological Development Zones, to urge enterprises based in development zones to better fulfill their CSR.It also adjusted its processing trade policy to ban CSR-neglecting enterprises from doing processing trade.In parallel, SASAC published the Guidelines on CSR Fulfillment by Central-level Enterprises, demanding a leadership by central-level enterprises in CSR implementation.The new Labor Contract Law which became effective on January 1, 2008 laid a legal foundation for a harmonious employer-employee relationship.I believe through the joint efforts in public and private sectors, CSR will continue to make new progress in China.个人认为，今后中国企业的社会责任建设要贯穿“一条主线”，突出“三个结合”，实现“四个和谐”。

As I see it, CSR among Chinese enterprises should follow through “one main thread”, focus on “three alignments” and achieve “four harmonies”.——贯穿“一条主线”，就是要始终贯彻落实科学发展观。要在科学发展观的指导下，把加强企业社会责任作为转变经济发展方式的重 要抓手，把企业的经济效益和社会效益结合起来，眼前利益和长远发展结合起来，局部利益和整体利益结合起来，企业发展和员工成长结合起来，走出一条经济效益好、社会效益高、资源消耗低、环境污染少、消费者权益得到充分保障、员工利益得到充分维护的有中国特色的企业社会责任建设道路，推动社会主义和谐社会建设，实现经济社会可持续发展。

On following through the “one main thread”.It means sticking to the scientific outlook on development.Guided by this outlook, we should use CSR as a major enabler for transforming the economic growth model, for balancing business profits with social benefits, immediate interests with long-term development, partial gains with overall interests, and business growth with employee development.The aim is to embark on a road of CSR with Chinese characteristic, featuring high economic and social productivity, low resource consumption and pollution, effective protection of consumer and employee rights and interests and to move ahead with building a socialist harmonious society and to achieve sustainable socio-economic development.——突出“三个结合”，一是政府倡导和企业实践相结合。政府要创造环境、营造氛围，积极引导，加强监管，规范企业承担法定社会责任，倡导企业承担道义性社会责任，惩戒企业严重违反社会责任的行为。企业要发挥主体地位，树立现代经营观念，对社会负责，自觉接受社会监督。二是国外经验和中国国情相结合。要加强国际交流与 合作，充分借鉴包括瑞典在内的其他国家的先进经验，推动中国企业社会责任建设健康发展。同时，要立足中国国情，充分考虑经济社会发展水平和企业承受能力，防止盲目追求不切实际的高标准，避免对企业和社会造成冲击。三是重点突破和全面推进相结合。要抓薄弱环节，抓关键环节，抓影响全局的环节，尤其是高耗能、高污染、劳动力密集型以及容易出现安全事故的行业和领域。同时，要以点带面，循序渐进，不断总结经验，促进企业社会责任整体水平的提高。

On focusing on the “three alignments”.First is the alignment of government advocacy with business practice.The government needs to create incentives, give positive direction and strengthen supervision.They should require enterprises to take on mandatory social responsibility, encourage them to take on moral social responsibility and penalize enterprises against severe anti-CSR practices.Companies need to play a central role, update their operational philosophy, be responsible to the society and discipline themselves under the public eye.Second is the alignment of international best practice with China’s national conditions.International exchanges and cooperation must step up to fully internalize the best practices of countries such as Sweden and push forward CSR compliance among Chinese enterprises.At the same time, China needs to proceed from its national conditions, take into full account the level of its socio-economic development and the capability of companies, and refrain from pursuing over-ambitious targets to the detriment of business and the society.Third is the alignment of critical breakthroughs and comprehensive progress.We need to target weak yet critical linkages which may affect the overall outcome, especially industries and sectors which have a high level of energy consumption and pollution, which are labor-intensive and prone to safety incidents.At the same time, we should start with small steps, build on existing experience, and gradually enhance the overall performance of CSR.——实现“四个和谐”，一是企业与员工之间的和谐。要促进劳资关系的协调，充分发挥人力资源潜能，保障员工分享企业经营成果，实现员工职业生涯与企业发展壮大的有机统一。二是企业与企业之间的和谐。要构建健康的商业伙伴关系，既要立足竞争，又要重视合作，形成诚实守信、公平竞争、共同发展的良好市场环境。三是企业与社会之间的和谐。企业要切实增强社会责任意识，充分履行作为社会“公民”的应尽义务，既努力为社会和谐服务，也为企业自身发展营造良好的社会环境。四是人与自然的和谐。要把企业发展模式切实转变到依靠技术进步、产品创新和资源节约上来，通过节约发展、清洁发展和安全发展，建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会，实现人与自然的和谐共处。

On the “four harmonies”.First is the harmony between employers and employees.We need to harmonize the employer-employee relationship, fully unlock employee potential, ensure employees’ legitimate share in business profits and enable employees’ career advancement alongside business expansion.Second is the harmony among enterprises.We need to build a healthy business partnership that is both competitive and collaborative.We need to foster a level playing field that respects honest and ethical business practices, fair competition and common development.The third is the harmony between business and the society.Companies need to increase their CSR awareness and behave as fully responsible social citizens.They should work toward social harmony and a business-friendly social environment.The fourth is the harmony between man and nature.We need to transform the business growth model into one that is powered by technological advances, product innovation and resource conservation, build a resource-conserving and environmentally-friendly society and achieve the harmony between man and nature through economical, cleaner and safer developments.女士们，先生们，Ladies and gentlemen 中瑞两国政府高度重视企业社会责任领域的合作。瑞典作为发达的市场经济国家，在企业社会责任建设方面拥有丰富经验；中国作为快速发展的新兴经济体，正在积极开展企业社会责任建设。今天上午，双方共同启动了社会责任合作网站，举办了培训班开班仪式。我衷心地希望，中瑞政府相关部门和企业界按照两国高层领导人达成的共识，不断加强交流与合作，相互学习和借鉴，把企业社会责任建设不 断推向前进。

The Chinese and Swedish governments both attach great importance to their bilateral CSR collaboration.Sweden as a developed market economy is tremendously experienced with CSR.China as a fast-growing emerging economy is actively pursuing CSR.This morning, China and Sweden launched a joint CSR website and training program.I sincerely hope the consensus of senior Chinese and Swedish leadership will be acted upon by both governments and businesses, through intensified collaboration and mutual learning, so as to take the CSR endeavor forward.预祝论坛圆满成功！谢谢大家！

To conclude, I wish the Forum a complete success.Thank you.

篇2：会议口译中英文

绿色 green

在埃及寺庙的地面是绿色的。在希腊和摩尔人中绿色代表胜利。对于小白帽来说绿色是神圣的，在前往圣地麦加朝圣之后他们手拿绿色的旗帜，头戴绿色的(小白帽的)头巾。他们甚至把做祷辞用的小块地毯也设计成绿色图案。苏格兰高地人以身穿绿色来代表荣誉。绿色也是爱尔兰的国色。绿色作为交通信号色则表示通行。在医疗急救设备上往往涂有绿色。在家庭中使用绿色可有益于消除身心疲惫。

1.green在英语中可以表示“嫉妒、眼红”，如：green with envy, green as jealousy, green-eyed monster 都是指“十分嫉妒”的意思。汉语中表示“嫉妒”意义的“眼红”，应该翻译为 green-eyed 而不能翻译为red-eyed。

2.由于美元纸币是绿颜色的`，所以 green 在美国也指代“钱财、钞票、有经济实力”等意义，如：In American political elections the candidates that win are usually the ones who have green power backing them. 在美国政治竞选中获胜的候选人通常都是些有财团支持的人物。

篇3：商务谈判的口译技巧(英文)

With the rapid development of our national economy and deepening of the reform and opening up policy to the outside, communication with foreign countries and multinational companies becomes frequent, which makes cross-cultural business negotiation more and more popular.“Win-win”is the ideal aim of everyone.The language arts play the most important role in the life.In order to reach an agreement which will benefit two parties or even more sides, the negotiator should be good at language skills.Language is a great source of power, whether every negotiation is large or small, important or trivial;it is your spoken words-language arts that will ultimately be the factor that determines whether or not you accomplish your negotiation with success.There are some skills in language arts that should be paid attention.People would like to discuss some important aspects of using language in business negotiation.The arguments are as follows:using language arts on business negotiation makes the negotiation successful.This article will mainly focus on three parts regarding language arts on business negotiation, that is, the use of humor words, euphemism and proverbs.Humor words will help the negotiator create a peaceful climate and break“dead lock”;Euphemism is the key point to establish good relationship with the business partner.And Proverb, which not only shows the generosity of negotiator, but also attracts others’attention.Proverb works in every business negotiation, and negotiation always benefits those who is accomplished in using language arts.

2 Role of Language in Negotiations

The role of language is very important in business negotia tions.Clear-organized narrative, clear-cut proposition, sufficien argument language expression can help to gain the convince so a to reach the consensus of both parties.

2.1 Completion and accuracy

The first thing of both sides of negotiation is to speak clearly accurately and objectively.Negotiators must be accord with the truth when talking about the enterprise’s products, financial statu and so on.Negotiators do not exaggerate so that the other party may feel the sincerity.Negotiators have to present the intention and pur pose briefly and to the point, and have a definite object at the same time.Generally, business negotiations always last for a long time Negotiators just discuss about three to five projects and issues a the meeting because the human brain memory is limited.They need a few meetings to discuss about all the issues and projects People can only remember some key discussion content in a limit ed period of negotiation time.Negotiator is required to have excel lent logical expressive ability and careful thinking.In the proces of communication with the other party, negotiators have to be objec tive.If the negotiators do not speak around the main issue, and use a windbag, vague language to express his attention and purpose in the process of business negotiation, the other side would feel lost and confused.And the negotiator will leave an impression of speaking big words to them.The insincerity performance will cause an obstacle to the negotiation.

2.2 Persuasions to the other party

People often say that business negotiation is actually hardship war.But even the most powerful opponent will have his own weakness.In fact business negotiation is a process of persuading each other to reach an agreement.It is a kind of very effective means to get a favorable result in the process of negotiation.The opponent persuades and convinces the other party through art language expression.To get a satisfied result is the wish of both sides and wants to achieve in the process of negotiations, and it is also very hard to reach such kind of results in the negotiation at the same time.If the negotiators want to persuade the rivals in business negotiations have to listen to the other parties’requirements and ideas in the first place.It is necessary to find the point which both sides can accept.The negotiator has to describe the opinion and put forward questions and explain each other’s doubts.The negotiators have to find the reasonable arguments to communicate with the other party when the two sides have different points of view.Only through these various kinds of use of language that could change the other party’s original opinion and the other party could accept views and opinions whole-heartedly.In the process of negotiations, both sides always conflict with each other for their own respective interests and sakes.But it is an ever-changing situation in the process of negotiations.So it requires people to analyze the function of using the art of language according to different kind of particular case.Only by using different kind of language skills correctly, can the two parties reach agreement in the process of negotiations.Sometimes one also has to consider other party’s interest so as to get a win-win situation in the end.

2.3 Great atmospheres under control

Almost all business negotiations are carried out in a certain kind of atmosphere so the negotiation atmosphere will affect the negotiator's emotions and behavior.A good negotiator should be able to control the atmosphere of negotiations.Reasonable and proper use of language skills could help to ease the atmosphere of negotiations.It is a very important means to ease the tension between the two sides.It is a very important means to use language skills reasonable and proper to adjust and ease the atmosphere of negotiations.At the beginning of commercial negotiations, negotiators should use language skills actively to create harmonious and heated atmosphere in the process of negotiations.A good negotiator will find some interesting things to talk about to eliminate the other party’s tension, and also win each other's favor at the beginning of the negotiation at the same time.It is helpful for the negotiator to relieve the atmosphere of negotiations timely in the process of negotiation.The negotiator could tell some jokes to eliminate the tension so as to get closer to the other party.The negotiator needs to use some appropriate language to dissolve the problem when negotiations cross into a crisis.The negotiator has to ease the tension in negotiations for both sides to go back to the negotiations.

3 The Principles of Applying the Language Skills in Negotiations

Any kind of successful negotiations are the result of using splendid language in the process of negotiations.The art of using language could help both sides to reach an agreement which benefit them all.The negotiator can take advantage of language to win the initiative in the process of negotiation if grasps the principle of using language skills in negotiations.

3.1 Targeted languages in negotiations

The negotiators need to express their wishes and requirements accurately.The language of negotiations should be targeted.When faced with different kind of negotiation content, occasion and negotiation opponent, and negotiator has to use the specific language to improve the chance of success in negotiations.Negotiator should fully consider his opponents’character, emotion, habits, culture and their special interests in negotiate process.Negotiator is required to make use of the targeted language properly and have a definite object.Negotiator has to avoid using ambiguity, blurring and repeating language in their expressions, which may probably cause offence and misunderstanding.And even worse, it will degrade the speaker’s status and lose dignity at the same time.

3.2 Mild and indirect expression in negotiations

Euphemism is defined as:"Euphemism is a good or favorable interpretation of a bad word".Stokes and Hartman compiled the"Language and Linguistics Dictionary"to the Euphemism is defined as:"Euphemism:with a not-ming, and be able to make people happy, or ambiguous statement, instead of with the unpleasant meaning or lack of respect for the way of expression."Euphemism literally means"use of pleasant, mild or indirect words or phrases in place of more accurate or direct ones.The Random House College Dictionary (1979) the euphemism is defined as:the substitution of a mild, indirect, or vague expression for one thought to be offensive, harsh or blunt, American scholar Hugh Rawson said:Euphemism so deeply infiltrated our language, as well as no one among us—even those self-proclaimed straight people—can not use euphemisms the case had finished a day.It is hard for a person to accept the stiff way of expression of their opinions and feeling.So negotiators should try to use tactful language with the acceptable manner to put forward their views so as to be accepted easily by the other party in negotiations.In addition, negotiators have to try to put their own opinions with tactful way to transfer into the other side’s opinions in the process of negotiation.This can increase the persuasive power of party by oneself.At the same time, the other party will feel the sense of being respected;hence it is more likely to reach an agreement.British writer George Blunt was during the century from sixteenth to eighteenth.

3.3 Flexible expression in negotiations

Sometimes negotiations are always changeable and unpredictable.Negotiators have to make calmly and scientific decision to handle some unexpected circumstances in the process of negotiations by using flexible expressions.It is very important to grasp the flexibility of language and improve the negotiation strain capacity in negotiations.This kind of flexible language strains capacity general associated with the emergency means of dealing with the situation.It can help negotiators out of the difficult situation and turn the crisis into opportunities in the process of negotiations cleverly.For instance, when the opponent forces to make a choice right away, if responses:"let us think again"or“it is difficult to settle down temporary“such kind of sentence and so on.Then the one side will give the other side an image of lacking own dependent ideas to our performance.And people also could choose another way to deal with this situation.At this time, the other party negotiators can look at the clock and then politely tell the other side of party:"I'm terribly sorry, it is ten o'clock right now, but I agreed with a friend on the phone, please give me five minutes to talk with him."We have won five minutes of thinking through this method.So it is very important to grasp the flexibility of language in the negotiations.

4 The Using of Language Skills in Negotiations

4.1 Ask and answer skills in negotiation

First of all, the questions which required paying attention to the following points:first, the questioner has to be prepared for the problems beforehand.The questioner has to summarize and put forward for the problems with the most refined language.The questioner should take account of the other party’s reaction.Second, the negotiator has to select the appropriate way to ask questions.The negotiator has to choose the suitable manners according to the atmosphere of negotiations.People who are good at negotiation can lead the other side to change their ideas so as to control the direction of negotiations.Third, master the appropriate time to ask question could help negotiations to go on smoothly.Fourth, grasp of the attitude of putting forward the questions.Negotiator has to ask questions with a gentle and polite attitude, and that will make the other side, feel the sincerity of the speaker.Negotiator has to wait for the other side to answer.Always avoid arguments with the other party.Sometimes answering questions is more important than asking question.Therefore, the"answer"should be particular with the skills in the process of negotiations.It mainly has the following points:first, master the speed of answering questions.Negotiators have to leave some time for the other party.Negotiators determine their own mode and range to answer questions only after understanding the real intention of each other.To answer the other side’s doubts after careful consider and forecast the other party's attitude and reaction after knowing our own answers.Second, to answer the question to be reserved and do not answer it completely.Third, if you did not have a very clear map in your mind not to answer the question right away.Negotiators can not answer the other side’s problems in a rush without understand the other side’s problem completely.It is very easy to fall into the trap of other party if the answer the other side’s problems in a rush.The party answer the other side’s problems with rush may say things that should not speak about to cause needless loss.The fourth, don’t give the exact answer to other side’s problem.People often encounter with some problems which are not convenient to give a definite reply at once.At last, be careful not to answer the question if no one mentions it.It is unwise to leave the opportunity for the other side to go on asking for the answers.Don't abuse the words of"no comment"and so on.

4.2 The using of other language skills

In the process of different negotiations, it needs great attention to the using of other skills of language to take the advantage and function of language in the process of negotiations better.

4.2.1 Feasibility and accelerating

Our side could put forward to our claim or offer in the formal negotiations if we are well-prepared for talks.Smart use of proposal can play a valuable role in the process.Generally speaking, proposals and suggestions should use the declarative and interrogative sentences to express.They do not allow using self-centered sentence and have to notice that the tone of sentence should take other party’s interest into consideration.There are two ways to make a suggestion.They are exploratory proposal and conditional offer.Exploratory proposal can induce the other party's reaction.It can determine the purpose of the other’s attitude through further expressions.But conditional offer is easy to win the initiative in negotiations.It should keep in mind that the first proposal not has the using of conditional offer better.The wise way is to use exploratory proposal at first to understand the other party’s real attention.Then put forward to the conditions or proposal which is benefit to the side to accelerate the essence of negotiations.A feasibility study is an evaluation and analysis of the potential of the proposed project which is based on extensive investigation and research to give full comfort to the decisions makers.Feasibility studies aim to objectively and rationally uncover the strengths and weaknesses of an existing business or proposed venture, opportunities and threats as presented by the environment, the resources required to carry through, and ultimately the prospects for success.In its simplest terms, the two criteria to judge feasibility are cost required and value to be attained.As such, a well-designed feasibility study should provide a historical background of the business or project, description of the product or service, accounting statements, details of the operations and management, marketing research and policies, financial data, legal requirements and tax obligations.Generally, feasibility studies precede technical development and project implementation.

4.2.2 The Fuzziness of language

Fuzziness as well as accuracy is the objective attributes of human natural language and natural phenomena.The British philosopher Russell said that every word more or less had a vague semantics.And American philosopher Black has a similar assertion:"fuzziness clearly refers to the fuzzy symbol represented by this series of objective nature.”And vagueness of the language is borrowed from mathematics, which refers to language unit does not have a well defined border.For example, it is difficult to define boundary between"stone"and"rock"in English.The situation of gradual change from A to B has been referred to as"gradient slope"or"grandniece”.The so-called fuzzy language does not mean the language is vague and ambiguous, which causes misleading language.On the contrary, it takes advantage of the vagueness of semantics to accurately reflect the vague concept of life. (丁建忠, 2003)

There is no absolute invariable thing in the world.So it is very important to learn to use fuzzy language.Negotiators proceed or step back freely and handle a butcher's cleaver skill fully by using the fuzzy language in the process of negotiations.The use of fuzzy language can also avoid premature exposure our side’s will and strength.Sometimes the negotiators could not make an accurate judgment immediately for some complicated or unexpected situation.The negotiators can also use fuzzy language to give more elastic answer at this time so as to win more time to make the counter measures for the next step.Using fuzzy language is considerable flexibility.The style of fuzzy language will not make the other side unhappy;instead, it can occupy the initiative in some sudden cases.

4.2.3 Humorous language

Humor, as a part of our life, is a complex dynamic system.In a boarder sense, humor is reflected in all aspects of our social life.In a narrower sense, humor often reveals the general weaknesses of the ordinary person but, with humor, what would offend or cause pity in real life can be ridiculous without harm, since the audience laugh not at a real person but a character who typifies ugliness or baseness.Moreover, humor has its soothing power.It instantly takes us away even if for moments from our troubles and makes them easier to bear and it gives us power and a new perspective.This way we gain a chance to relax our nerves, to readjust our attitudes towards our life and even to ourselves.The close relation between language and logic forms the root of the interaction between humor and logic.The question of the relationship between language and thought has haunted the philosophers ever since the time of ancient Greece and has been a challenge to linguists, psychologists and anthropologists alike.The view that language is the material appearance of thought and thoughts are expressed in a mental language dates back to the time of Plato.It is commonly acknowledged that a speaker's real intention can be known through his own language.There must be some logical principles to guide the expression in each discourse.Logical inconsistency is a key element of humor leading to a laugh. (张国良, 2009)

In the process of negotiations, it is hard to avoid the controversy and deadlock situation.In the heated time, humorous language can often make the strange atmosphere relief down in a moment.Therefore, humorous language could make people relaxed, trailing in low pressure in tension full of fatigue working environment.In the negotiation, if negotiators can use humorous language to break the deadlock or suggestions, then both sides of negotiations can think about each other's advice in a cheerful state of mind.It is good for the both side to reach an agreement. (Stephen Ashcroft, 2004:229-233.)

4.2.4 Silent in the language

The reasonably and properly using of the silent language can often produce a very good effect during the negotiations.The negotiator could use silent language such as posture, gestures, body language, eye-contact, the expression, pronunciation organs and so on to express their opinions and ideas.Sometimes silence and body language is one of the most powerful means of communication, and even more powerful than verbal language.Non-verbal language is quite common is people’s daily communications, as well as in business communications.With cultural differences being considered, it is great to have some similarities in the silence and body language.People can often be wrong about each other, so it is an amazing thing that we should understand each other as well as we do.Not all cultures greet with each other in the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between others.Using silence and body language can always get unexpected good results during the negotiations.Noticing the signals that people send out with their language of silence is a very useful social skill.Some people can read it naturally and some of us are notoriously oblivious.Fortunately, you can learn to read body language with a little extra attentiveness, , and with enough practice it'll become second nature.And it is very helpful to know other party’s attention so as to reach an agreement in the negotiation.

5 Conclusion

As it is previously illustrated, apart from professional knowledge demanded by negotiations, the art and principles of language strategy determine the success of a negotiation.In different stages of negotiating, negotiator has to use different kind of language to grasp the rhythm of negotiations and the effect of progress.Business negotiations are fierce competition which both sides fully display their wisdom and skills to gain more interest and benefits.The result of negotiation directly affects the mutual development and economic benefits of enterprises.Therefore, the result of negotiation is particularly important for both parties.For each negotiator, the basic win-win principle is the ultimate goal.

摘要：As the global economy communication become more and more frequent, business negotiation also become more fre quent than before and the role of business negotiation is becoming more and more prominent.The global business communica tion becomes more and more frequent which attaches great importance to business negotiation. (People who engaged in business trade or business cooperation are familiar with the business negotiation.) That requires interpreters in the business world to be re ally skillful in their business communications.The commercial trade and the commercial cooperation are mostly reached through different kinds of negotiations.In the process of negotiations, the participants communicate with language to clarify their own in terests, thus come to an agreement at last.Language is the link of several parties in negotiations, which may play an important role in the success of negotiations.It will make us get twice the result with half the effort if we are able to size up the situation and to use it reasonable.The language directly affects the success of business negotiations.So it is necessary for business people to study and master the language skills.The decision-making of enterprise is not only have to master the professional knowledge which re lated with negotiation, but also have to possess a solid language foundation and good basic language skills if want to obtain the success in the business negotiations.Interpreters’successful commercial negotiations are the art result of both sides splendid utili zation language in the process of business negotiations.Enterprise executives should not only have a good command of profession al knowledge, but also need to be equipped with good communicative ability, because no successful negotiations can be done without positive attitudes and favorable intercommunications.

参考文献

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篇4：中英文口译训练障碍及对策

一、口译活动的特点及过程

口译在语言交际活动中的特殊性决定了对译者的更高要求。首先，译者必须掌握两种（或两种以上）语言。但是，并不是会说两种语言的人都是称职的译员，这就好比以英语为母语的人不都能成为英语教师，会画画的人不一定会成为画家一样。掌握双语只是口译的前提和基础。在此条件下，要通过大量的训练，其中涉及理解能力、反应能力、思维能力、信息组合能力、语言表达能力以及心理素质等方面的练习，从而达到口译所要求的准确、流畅和快速的标准。

其次，口译要求译者具有把听到的词、词组或句子记住并迅速加工成意群，然后作为一个意义整体记录下来，最后用译语进行信息切换的能力。因此，口译的基本过程可以总结为输入、解译和输出的过程，即将信息的来源语转换成目标语的过程；换言之，口译的过程就是听、理解、记忆、思考、组织和表达的过程。口译是一项很特殊的语言交际活动，因此，口译又具有即席性、独立性、综合性和专业性的特点。

二、听力理解障碍及对策

在英译口译的训练中，学习者首先遇到的就是听力问题。英语听力极强的瞬间性对译者来说是一大挑战。受训者在最初的训练中往往只强调听关键词，从而忽略句子的整体意义；或者由于同时要做笔记、时间紧迫，很多学习者都有听到就记的习惯，最终导致只听到只言片语，不知所云。其次是音同或音近词对听者在理解上造成了较大的障碍，比如，在一篇介绍庐山的文章中有这样一句，The mountain features beautiful peaks， seas of clouds， waterfalls and historical sites.（庐山以其美峰、云海、瀑布以及古迹而闻名）有人误把peaks听成了pigs，结果译文与原意相差甚远，闹了笑话。再就是听清了音但一时反应不出来，想不起相对应的单词或是短语。

要解决这一问题，首先，要把精听和泛听结合训练，精听要听懂每个词、辨清每个音；泛听则是为了提高语感，熟悉不同国家的发音；其次，平时多积累，比如多听、听懂英语句子中的连读、音变，记诵同音同义词和形近音近词等；再次，注重记忆的完整性，学习者在储备中必须做到音、形、义兼备，避免学习者在词汇学习中三者分离，出现听音卡壳的现象。

三、知识面障碍及对策

口译除了对译员的语言能力高要求外，还要求译员是个杂家。“An interpreter should know something of everything”，这句话生动地体现了对译者博览群书的要求。口译作为一项专业性极强的活动，要求译者对与该语言有关的国家的地理、历史、文化、风土人情、政治、经贸、外交、科技等各个方面都有所了解。因此，要成为一名称职的译员，做到有效而准确的翻译，了解和掌握背景知识及专业知识是必不可少的。（1）背景知识。口译过程中，译员若是缺乏相关的背景知识，其译文就会大打折扣，甚至引起误会。例如：“南北”在国际外交领域里既是一种地域概念，又是一种政治概念，发达国家大都集中在北半球，而南半球，尤其是非洲和拉丁美洲国家，则以穷国居多，因此，在国际政治中人们常以“南北”代表穷国和富国，了解了这一背景之后，译者就可根据上下文来判断从何角度翻译；（2）专业知识。口译中不可避免的要涉及到专业知识，比如，在涉及信息时代的材料中谈到 “电子皮肤”、“数字氏族”等术语，如果没有这一类的专业知识，译者就会不知如何翻译，从而可能导致整个口译活动的中断。

四、输出障碍及对策

口译中的输出涉及译者的笔记能力、整合能力和表达能力。在口译实践中，笔记是关键，整合是难点，表达是最终目标。三者环环相扣，缺一不可。口译笔记是辅助记忆的手段，是在听讲过程中用简单的文字或符号记下讲话内容中能刺激记忆的关键词。通过关键词提示译者讲话人所表述的意思，掌握其表述内容上下文的逻辑关系。口译笔记是对译者短暂记忆的延伸。初学者往往把所听到的内容原封不动地记录下来，以至跟不上讲话人的语速；或是即使使用了缩略语和符号记录，但记录的内容之间没有逻辑关系，无法进行整合。口译笔记的缺陷直接增加了整合复原的难度。如果整合出了问题，那么必然会对译者的表达造成困难。作为口译的最后环节，如果出了问题将使整个口译活动前功尽弃。

针对以上可能在该环节出现的障碍，现提出以下几个可行性方案：（1）口译笔记个性化，因为笔记只给译者本人看，只要自己能识别并迅速反应的笔记就是最好的笔记。所以在平时的口译训练中学习者可以总结出一套适合自己的笔记系统；（2）笔记在口译中只是一种辅助记忆的方式，译者应以“大脑记忆为主，笔记为辅”的原则贯穿口译活动，针对记了就忘的问题，学习者可以多做“干扰性”训练，摆脱完全依靠笔记的习惯；（3）要提高口头表达能力，多进行复述练习，提高语言组织能力和注意力集中度。

五、心理障碍及对策

口译是一种具有不可预测性的即席双语转换传输活动，它要求译员在极短的时间内进行双语切换，译员在整个口译活动中孤立无援，具有很强的独立操作性。这给译员造成了极大的心理压力，紧张的情绪势必影响译员的自信和发挥，导致反应迟钝、口误频繁，无法达到预期的效果。因此拥有一种从容自信的口译状态非常重要。

在正式的口译现场有压力是难免的，即便是在平时的口译训练中，译者也或多或少有紧张情绪。针对这种情况，译者可以在平时的练习过程中打好坚实的语言运用基础，多模拟口译现场，以适应现场气氛和压力。保持一定的语速，输出译文不要过快，并在口译活动前做好充足的准备，从容面对。

综上所述，口译训练主要是一种技能训练，只有通过大量的练习和反复实践才能掌握甚至驾驭它。口译之所以难度高，是因为它同时测试了译者的听解能力、表达能力、快速反应能力、翻译能力、和笔记能力。简言之，口译关键在于“协调运作”。只有克服了其中各环节的障碍，均衡发展，才能在坚持不懈的口译实践中达到准确、流利这一口译成功的标准。

篇5：口译会议套语

Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, friends，尊敬的主席

Respected Mr.Chairman

各位国会议员，贵宾们，同胞们：

Members of Congress, distinguished guests and fellow citizens:

尊敬的阁下

Respected Your Excellency

首先，我代表中国政府，并以我个人的名义，向大家表示热烈的欢迎！

On behalf of the Chinese government and people as well as in my own name, I would like first to extend a warm welcome to you all.首先请允许我感谢东道主的精心安排与热情好客。

Permit me to first of all to thank you, our host, for your extraordinary arrangements and hospitality.我谨代表公司的全体同仁，感谢各位从百忙之中拨冗光临我们的新春联欢晚会

On behalf of all my colleagues of the company, I wish to thank you all for your taking time off your busy schedule to come to our New Year’s Party.我谨代表我们一行的全体成员，感谢主席先生的盛情邀请

On behalf of all the members of my group, I’d like to thank you, Mr.Chairman, for your gracious invitation.首先，请允许我代表研讨会的筹委会，向参加今天开幕式的市政府领导，社会团体的领导，社区工作者协会的代表，以及社会各界的来宾，表示热烈的欢迎

First of all, permit me, on behalf of the organizing committee of the symposium, to extend our warm welcome to the leaders of the Municipal Government, leaders of social organizations, representatives of the Community Social Worker’s Association and guests from various circles.今晚我们请到了从伦敦远道而来的贵宾与我们一起共度中秋佳节，我为此而深感自豪与荣幸

I feel very proud and honored tonight to have the attendance of the distinguished guests, who came here all the way from London to join us in our celebration of the Mid-Autumn Festival.现在我宣布****会议现在开幕

May I hereby declare open *****meeting.请允许我对****会议取得成功表示热烈的祝贺

First of all, please allow me to offer warm congratulations on the success of the ****meeting.让我们共同举杯……

Let’s raise our glasses to……

我提议……

I would like to propose a toast to ……

请允许我……

Please allow me to ……

我提议为我们之间的友谊干杯

Allow me to raise the glass to our friendship

祝愿您健康

To your good health

祝您幸福

To your happiness

愿您年年有今日，岁岁有今朝

Wish every morning you wake up like this day and happiness come along to you in the following years.最后我预祝研讨会圆满成功，祝愿来自海外的专家学者和全国各地的朋友们在上海生活愉快

In conclusion, I wish the symposium a complete success.I wish our overseas experts and scholars, and Chinese friends from various parts of the country a pleasant stay in Shanghai.让我们为本届会议的圆满成功结束而共同努力

Let’s work together for a successful conclusion of this meeting.我相信，在各位朋友的努力下，我们的研讨会一定能取得丰硕的成果

I believe that our symposium is bound for abundant accomplishment through your hard work.女士们，先生们，我再次感谢各位嘉宾的光临。最后，我祝愿各位新年身体健康、万事如意

Ladies and gentlemen, I’d like to thank you again for coming to the party.And I wish everyone of you good health and the very best of luck in everything in the new year.让我们在这年终岁末之际，祝贺这喜庆佳节

I’d like to toast with you to this happy occasion at the end of the year.我为有幸参加这次精彩的聚会，再次向您深表谢意

篇6：会议口译原文及译文

In the space of a single generation, relations between the United Kingdom and the People’s Republic of China have been transformed.Government-to-government and business-to-business links are closer and more varied than ever before.//

But the most exciting changes have been in the links between the British and Chinese peoples.Chinese communities have long existed as a respected and cherished presence in British cities.//

But today, more and more British people are visiting China to see for themselves the new dynamism of great cites like Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou.We are re-discovering China’s incomparably rich cultural heritage, as well as its immense economic potential.//

The Chinese are re-discovering Britain, too.We are

delighted to welcome more Chinese visitors to our country each year.Many more Chinese are finding out about Britain through modern media like television and the Internet.//

Indeed, there are more Chinese people learning the English language than there are native speakers of English in the world today.This growing relationship is measurable, too, in financial terms.British firms now have a huge presence in China, a sign of their confidence in the country and its future.//

The UK is the largest European investor, and a British company, BP, is investing more capital in China than any other foreign firm.The largest foreign manufacturing investment in Western China is also British.//

The UK is China’s second largest European trading partner.British exports to China last year, at £3.72 billion were up 17% on the year 2000.China’s exports to Britain are at an all-time high.Many Chinese enterprises now regard Britain’s flexible and open economy has an ideal launching pad into the wider European market.//

All this is a far cry from 1972, when the UK and the PRC– 1 在短短一代人的时间内，英国和中华人民共和国之间的关系已经发生了彻底的变化。政府之间、商界之间的关系从未像如今这样紧密、多样。// 但是，最令人兴奋的变化当属英中两国人民之间的联系。华人社区在英国城市中长久以来都受到尊重和珍视。// 但是今天，越来越多的英国人访问中国，亲眼目睹像北京、上海、广州这样的大城市的新活力。我们正在重新发现中国无与伦比、丰富多彩的文化遗产以及她巨大的经济潜力。// 中国人也正在重新发现英国。我们每年都很高兴地欢迎越来越多的中国客人来访。通过电视和因特网这样的现代媒体了解英国的中国人大大增加。// 毫不夸张地说，当今世界上学习英语的中国人已经超过了以英语为母语的人了。这种关系的发展也可以从经济角度来衡量。英国公司现在在中国有很大的规模。这表明他们对中国及其未来的信心。// 英国是欧洲在华的最大投资国。英国的BP公司在中国的投资超过了其他任何一家外国公司。中国西部最大的外国制造业投资也来自英国。// 英国是中国在欧洲的第二大贸易伙伴。去年英国对华出口额达37.2亿英镑，比前年增长17%。中国对英国的出口达创纪录水平。许多中国企业现在把英国灵活、开放的经济看作进军更大的欧洲市场的理想跳板。// 这一切与1972年英中两国首次互换大使时的情景大不相同。当时，英国

first exchanged ambassadors.Then, there were virtually no Chinese students in Britain.Today, there are over 20,000 – one of the largest overseas communities at our universities.//

几乎没有中国学生，而今天有两万多，是英国大学中人数最多的海外群体。//

1972年，北京和伦敦之间没有直接通

Then, there were no direct air services between Beijing 航。而今年，将有25万多名英国游and London.This year, more than a quarter of a million 客前往中国。1972年，在位英国首相British tourists will travel to China.Then, no serving British 或外交大臣中没有人访问中国。而去Prime Minister or Foreign Secretary had ever visited China.Last year, there were visits from 11 British

ministers.//

The changing nature of international relations requires governments to work ever more closely together for their mutual benefit.In the globalized world economy, the security and prosperity of individual countries often

depends on events beyond our borders.//

We are interdependent as well as independent.Challenges such as fighting environmental damage, ensuring global human rights are properly observed, removing barriers to trade and investment, and reducing

poverty, have become truly global issues.//

They loom larger on the agendas of multilateral organizations like the UN, the WTO and ASEM.In the 21st century, bilateral relations between countries will depend on progress on issues like these.//

As two of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, our governments work together on a daily basis on problems affecting every corner of the world.Another change in the relationship between Britain and China has been developments in Hong Kong.I am delighted that Hong Kong has prospered since 1997, and that “One Country, Two Systems” is proving such an effective approach.//

As a signatory of the Joint Declaration, the UK has an abiding interest in the continued well-being of the Special Administrative Region.But this is only a part of our wider commitment to China.We are increasing the resources we allocate through our Department for International Development to poverty reduction in China from £25 million this year to £60 million by 2004.年，英国有11位大臣到访中国。// 国际事务性质的变化，要求政府之间出于相互利益而更加紧密地合作。在全球化的经济中，每个国家的安全和繁荣经常受制于国界之外发生的事件。// 我们既相互独立，又相互依赖。对付环境破坏，确保全球人权得到应有的尊重，撤除贸易和投资障碍，减少贫困，这些挑战都已经成为名副其实的全球问题。// 在联合国、世界贸易组织和亚欧会议这样的多边组织的日程上面，这些问

题显得越来越严重。在21世纪，国家之间的双边关系将取决于在这些问题上取得的进展。// 作为联合国安理会五大常任理事国

中的两国，我们双方政府每天都在相互合作，处理影响到世界各地的问题。英中两国关系的另一变化是香港问题的发展。令我感到高兴的是，香港自1997年回归以来，继续保持繁荣，这证明了“一国两制”是非常有效的办法。// 作为《联合声明》的签约国，英国对

香港特别行政区保持良好状况各与长期的关注。但这只是我们对中国更广泛承诺的一部分。我们通过国际发展部，把用于中国扶贫项目的拨款资金从今年的2500万英镑，增加到2004年的6000万英镑。

汉译英原文及参考译文

主席先生：今年，对于中国来说，Mr.President, For China, this has been a special year.We 是不平凡的一年。我们经历了两件大事：第一件事是汶川特大地震灾害造成了巨大的生命财产损失。中国人民在灾难面前表现了坚强、勇敢、团结和不屈不挠的精神。目前，受灾群众得到了妥善安置，恢复重建工作正在有条不紊地展开。//

第二件事是北京奥运会成功举办。这一体育盛会不仅为来自世界各地的运动员展示风采创造了良好的条件，而且让世界更多地了解中国，让中国更多地了解世界。//

在抗震救灾和举办奥运会的过程中，我们得到了国际社会的广泛理解、支持和帮助。在此，我代表中国政府和人民表示诚挚的感谢。//

世界都在关注北京奥运会后中国政治经济走向。我可以明确地告诉大家，中国将继续坚定不移地走和平发展道路，继续坚持改革开放不动摇，继续贯彻独立自主的和平外交政策。这符合中国人民的根本利益，也符合世界人民的根本利益，顺应世界潮流。// 这次北京奥运会是在中国这样一个最大的发展中国家举行的。国际社会对中国政府和人民为此做出的努力给予了高度评价。奥运会的成功举办，使中国人民受到了极大的鼓舞，增强了实现现代化的信心和力量。//

同时，我们清醒地看到，中国有13亿人口，虽然经济总量已经位experienced two major events.One was the devastating earthquake in Wenchuan, which caused grave losses of life and property.In the face of the disaster, the Chinese people showed great strength, courage, solidarity and resilience.By now, the people affected by the earthquake have been properly relocated and recovery and reconstruction work is well underway.//

The other was the successful hosting of the Beijing Olympic Games.This grand sporting event provided a good

opportunity for athletes from around the world to show true sportsmanship.It also enabled the world to learn more about China and China more about the world.//

In our fight against the earthquake disaster and our efforts to host the Games, we received understanding, support and assistance from the international community.I wish to take this opportunity to express sincere gratitude on behalf of the Chinese Government and people.//

Now the whole world wants to know in what direction China is heading, both politically and economically, after the Beijing Olympic Games.Let me tell you in unequivocal terms that China will remain committed to the path of peaceful

development, unswervingly pursuer reform and opening-up, and continue to adhere to an independent foreign policy of peace.This is in the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the people of all other countries.It is also in keeping with the trend of the world.//

The just concluded Olympic Games was held in China, the largest developing country in the world.The international community has highly commended the efforts made by the Chinese Government and people for the Games.And its success has greatly inspired the Chinese people and given them even more confidence and strength to achieve modernization of the country.//

At the same time, however, we are soberly aware that China is

a country with 1.3 billion people.Though its total GDP is one of the highest in the world, it trails behind more than 100

居世界前列，但人均收入水平仍排在世界100位之后，城乡发展和区域发展很不平衡，农村特别是西部地区农村还很落后，还有数以千万计的人口没有解决温饱。//

中国仍然是一个发展中国家，生产力不发达的状况没有根本改变，进一步发展还受到资源、能源、环境等瓶颈的制约。中国的社会主义市场经济体制还不完善，民主法制还不健全，一些社会问题还比较突出。// 中国实现现代化的任务还很繁重，道路还很漫长。摆在我们面前的机遇和挑战都是空前的。抓住机遇，迎接挑战，聚精会神搞建设，一心一意谋发展，这就是中国政府和中国人民的理念和行动。//

中国发展靠什么？靠改革开放。今年是中国改革开放30周年。今天，中国人更从30年改革开放的切身经验中体会到，只有全面而持久地扩大对外开放，才是国家富强和民族繁荣的正确道路。这不但是实践探索的结论，也是历史经验的总结。//

主席先生：世界需要和平，和平才能发展。中国要实现自己的发展目标，渴望有一个和平的国际环境。中国政府坚定不移地奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，愿同各国加强合作，共同促进人类和平与发展的崇高事业。

countries in terms of per capita income.Development between urban and rural areas and among different regions in China is unbalanced.The rural areas, particularly those in western China, are underdeveloped.Tens of millions of Chinese lack adequate food and clothing.//

China is still a developing country, where productivity remains low and further development is constrained by the shortage of resources and energy and environmental consequences.Our socialist market economic system, democracy and the rule of law need to be further improved, and certain outstanding social issues are yet to be resolved.//

To achieve China’s modernization is a daunting task and we still have a long way to go.Both the opportunities and

challenges that we face are unprecedented.We will seize the opportunities, rise up to challenges, dedicate ourselves to nation-building and focus on development.This is what the Chinese Government and people have been thinking and doing.//

People may ask: How does China achieve its development? The answer is through reform and opening-up.This year

marks the 30th anniversary of China’s reform and opening-up policy.The Chinese people have learned from 30 years of reform and opening-up that only continued opening-up in an all-round way can lead the country to greater national strength and prosperity.This is the conclusion we have drawn both from our practice and exploration and from historical experiences.// Mr.President, The world needs peace, for only with peace can

there be development.China earnestly hopes to have a peaceful international environment in order to achieve its