我们成长过程中，会面临着各种事情，在事情发生后，以心得体会的方式进行记录，可使我们改进不良思想，留下激励自己的正确思想。怎么写出有意义的心得体会呢？以下是小编整理的关于《英译汉翻译心得体会》，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
第一篇：英译汉翻译心得体会
英译汉翻译技巧
王 瑛
英译汉部分要求翻译单句, 而不是段落或篇章。 考生首先要读懂句子,了解句子的语法结构、使用的固定词组、习惯用法及词与词之间的语义关系, 然后, 再正确分析原文的语言现象和逻辑关系,进行透彻的理解, 最后, 力图用简洁明了的汉语表达出原文的意思。因此, 考生有必要掌握一些基本的翻译技巧。
一、翻译技巧一
一般的英译汉考题不会只是简单句。 我们在做题时, 首先要从语法入手, 找寻和确定句子大的框架结构, 通过分析把句中的从句和插入部分先排除掉, 明确句子结构有助于我们正确理解整句话的意思。
(一)重点分析句子结构
其实, 就英语的句子结构而言, 是有规律可循的。除去省略句、倒装句、感叹句和
一些特殊句子外, 英语句子的结构可归纳为三类: 1. to be句型: 主语 + be + 表语
Miss Jones is a manager. 琼斯小姐是位经理。
2. to do句型: 主语 + do + (宾语) + (状语) He teaches English in this school. 他在这所学校教英语。
3. there be句型: There be + 主语 + 状语
There are beautiful wildflowers in the hills. 山中有美丽的野花。
(二)确定语法现象和惯用结构
英译汉考题中常见的重点语法有: 时态、语态、主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、
同位语从句、定语从句、状语从句、动词不定式、动名词、分词、虚拟语气、倒装句、 强调句等。考生要非常熟悉这些语法现象, 才不至于对句子产生误解。例如:
Anyone who is interested in it can go with us. 对这事感兴趣的人可以跟我们去。(who引导定语从句修饰主语anyone) The problem discussed at yesterday’s meeting is very important. 昨天会上讨论过的那个问题非常重要。(过去分词短语作后置定语修饰主语the problem) You could have done better if you had been more careful. 要是细心一点的话，你就会做得更好。(if 引导虚拟语气的条件状语从句) Hardly had I said that when she entered the room. 我刚说完，她就进来了。(倒装句, 否定词hardly位于句首, 助动词had 放在主语I之前 ) It was not until last night that I noticed this matter. 直到昨晚我才注意到这件事。(强调句: It was not until+强调成分+that句子其余成分) The books were either works on travel or detective novels. 这些书要么是关于旅行的, 要么就是侦探小说。(连接词either„ or„连接两个表语) (三)熟悉固定搭配词组和习惯用法
英译汉考题中还常常会设计一个关键的考点 – 固定搭配的词组和习惯表达法, 旨在考查考生对词汇的掌握和运用情况。考生在理解这些习惯用语时会感到很困难, 这是因为单从组成某个习惯用语的词的字面意思上来理解其含义, 往往会出偏差, 必将影响到对整个句子的理解。 例如:
They came up with a cure for the disease at last. 他们最终发现了治疗这种疾病的方法 (短语动词,意为“提出;发现”)
The news got around by word of mouth. 这一消息通过人们的口传播开来。(介词短语,意为“口头流传”)
It’ll be cheaper in the long run to use real leather. 从长远的观点来看, 用真皮更便宜。(介词短语,意为“从长远的观点来看”)
I’ll tell them the truth, regardless of what they want to hear. 不管他们愿不愿意听, 我要告诉他们真相。(形容词短语,意为 “不管...”)
Punishment had very little effect on him. 惩罚对他没有什么效果。(名词短语,意为“对„起作用”)
(四) 熟练掌握过渡连接词
过渡连接词是使上下文的连接自然、紧凑的有效方法，使文章整体具有结构上的粘着性和意义上的连贯性。因此,熟练掌握过渡连接词能充分把握住原文的意图和出题思路。过渡连接词按语义划分为以下最常见的几种类型
表示增补: and , also , besides , what’s more , in addition , furthermore „
表示因果: for this reason, because of, since, as a result, thus, therefore, so, hence „
表示转折: however, still, but, otherwise, despite, nevertheless, though, in fact „
表示列举: firstly, secondly, for one thing„for another, to begin with, then, last „
表示解释: for example, for instance, that is, namely „ 表示总结: in short, to sum up, in conclusion, briefly, on the whole „
例如:
The railroad connects two cities, namely, New York and Chicago. 这铁路联接两个城市, 即纽约和芝加哥。 (表示解释) She was very tired, nevertheless, she kept on working. 她虽然很疲倦, 然而她却继续工作。(表示转折) He said that he could not find it and, furthermore, that nobody would ever find it. 他说他找不到它, 而且也没有人会找到它。(表示增补) He was ill, and therefore could not come. (表示结果) 他病了, 所以未能来。
二、翻译技巧二
每一种语言，在词意的运用，语句的铺排、句子的结构方面，都有其独特的方式，而每一词每一字所承载的文化信息亦各不相同。因此, 英译汉的表达方式总体上可以分成两大类:
(一)直译法：
一般来说, 在语言条件许可的情况下, 应该尽可能地用直译, 使译文既能保持原文的内容, 又能保持原文的形式和风格。例如:
o All roads lead to Roma. 条条大路通罗马。
o The soldier was as brave as a lion. 那个士兵像狮子一样勇敢。
o My brother is like a duck to water in the new job. 我哥哥在新的工作岗位上如鱼得水。
o It is he who has consistently offered fuel in snowy weather but never added flowers to embroidery. 他这个人一向对人是雪中送炭，从来不是锦上添花。
(二)意译法: 为使译文得到和原文基本相同的文化信息，当翻译中遇到两种文化有差异，用直译无法使译文传达准确的信息时，就要在母语中寻找与其对应的表达方式，利用各种必要的转换手段进行意译。例如: He is down and out as if/though he lived a dog’s life.
他穷困, 潦倒，好像过着牛马一样的生活。(转译法- a dog’s life转换词义)
He behaved politely while answering the interviewer’s questions.
他在回答采访者问题时, 很有礼貌。 (省略法–behaved 一词不译出) He is a stranger to the company’s business.
他对于该公司的经营业务是陌生的。(转换法–stranger 名词转换成形容词) All preparation must be done before you do experiments. 在做试验之前, 一切准备工作都必须做好。(增加法-preparation增加“工作”)
Each country has its own customs. 各国有各国的风俗. (重复法- Each country重复使用“各国”)
第二篇：英译汉-文体翻译(7)演讲
第六单元文体翻译
第五节演讲稿
一、讲演稿
演讲稿也叫演说辞，它是在较为隆重的仪式上和某些公众场所发表的讲话文稿。演讲稿是进行演讲的依据，是对演讲内容和形式的规范和提示，它体现着演讲的目的和手段， 演讲的内容和形式。
演讲稿是人们在工作和社会生活中经常使用的一种文体，它可以用来交流思想、感情，表达 主张、见解;也可以用来介绍自己的学习、工作情况和经验等等;
演讲稿具有宣传、鼓动、教育和欣赏等作用，它可以把演讲者的观点、主张与思想感情传达给听众以及读者，使 他们信服并在思想感情上产生共鸣。
演讲稿类属于讲话稿但不同于一般讲话稿
演讲稿更加注重选材立意，在选材上多属主动型，切实根据听众的愿望和要求，弄清他们关心和迫切要解决的问题，有的放矢，力求引起最大共鸣。
在表达手段上有较多的议论、抒情，将生活中获得的各种体验，由真善美与假丑恶激发起的各种情感，真实地倾泻到演讲稿中，动之以情、晓之以理，具有较强的感召力。
在语言的运用上，除了注意口语表达的特点外，如多用短句，少用长句，语言节奏感强，还应适当运用幽默、双关、反语等修辞手法，以达到在与现场听众的交流中，牢牢吸引听众的注意力，为顺利实现演讲目的作好准备。
演讲稿的特点
针对性。演讲是一种社会活动，是用于公众场合的宣传形式。它为了以思想、感情、事例和理论来晓喻听众，打动听众，“征服”群众，必须要有现实的针对性。
可讲性。演讲的本质在于“讲”，而不在于“演”，它以“讲”为主、以“演”为辅。由于演讲要诉诸口头，演讲稿必须以易说能讲为前提。如果说，有些文章和作品主要通过阅读欣赏，领略其中意义和情味，那么，演讲稿的要求则是“上口入耳”。一篇好的演讲稿对演讲者来说要可讲;对听讲者来说应好听。
鼓动性。演讲是一门艺术。好的演讲自有一种激发听众情绪、赢得好感的鼓动性。要做到这一点，既要依靠演讲稿思想内容的丰富、深刻，见解精辟，有独到之处，发人深思，又要语言表达形象、生动，富有感染力。如果演讲稿语言平淡无味，毫无新意，即使在现场“演”得再卖力，效果也不会好，甚至相反。
演讲稿翻译的要求
就内容而言，要主题鲜明，表达完整;
就结构而言，要思维清晰，逻辑性强;
就风格而言，要保持风格，特点突出;
就语言而言，要有感染力，形象生动。
一篇好的演讲稿，在语言上应具有用词精确，言简意赅，深入浅出，通俗易懂，扣人心弦等特点。
1、词汇： 用词精确，形式简洁，文体贴切
例：告别词
The Chinese people are modest and prudent, hardworking and brave, clever and resourceful. I’ve recorded, what with pen and what with camera, the most exciting scenes I witnessed on the visit. I shall make them known to my people when I get home.译文：中国人民谦虚谨慎，勤劳勇敢，多才多艺。我用文字和照片记录了这次访问中我目睹的最动人的景象。我回国后将让我国人民了解这一切。
2、句式： 语言通顺，结构严谨，表达流畅。
例：政治演讲
We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place for those who here gave
their lives that that nation might live.译文：我们来到这里，将战场的一角奉献给那些为捍卫国家生存而英勇献身的烈士们，作为他们的安息之地。
3、风格：语气庄重，语言生动，感染力强。
例1：We have visited your historic heroic capital city of Beijing.
We have visited Shanghai, the bustling industrial and port city, …
We have caught the magic and enchantment of Guilin, …
And now we come to Guangzhou, for the close of the Guangzhou fair, yet another symbol of the growing ties between our two countries.译文：
我们访问了你们的历史名城，英雄的首都北京。
我们访问了繁忙的工业和海港城市上海，……
我们游览了仙境般的、景色迷人的桂林，……
现在我们来的广州参加广交会的闭幕式，这是我们两国关系日益密切的又一个象征。
例2：Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, appose any foe, in order to assure the survival and she success of liberty.译文：让每个国家都知道——不论它希望我们繁荣还是希望我们衰落——为确保自由的存在和自由的胜利，我们将付出任何代价，承受任何负担，应付任何艰难，支持任何朋友，反抗任何敌人。
三、各类演讲稿
1、外事演讲稿，是指外事活动中迎送、宴请、聚会等场合宾主双方发表讲话的文稿。外事演讲包括欢迎词、欢送词、献词、答词、贺词、祝酒词等等，可根据场合分为正式和非正式两类。翻译时应注意：
正式的演讲稿语言规范，结构严谨，层次清楚，逻辑性强，具有外交语言特色。
非正式的演讲稿语言随和，基调轻松，句子简洁明了，措辞平易自然，表达朴实无华。
例1：Thank you, Mr. President, for your warm and friendly remark, and you all, ladies and gentlemen, for your hearty welcome. It is a great pleasure for me to be able to visit your university, a university of world fame and unique achievements.译文：校长先生，感谢您热情友好的发言，感谢女士们和先生们的热情欢迎。你们的学校享誉全球，取得了卓越的成就，我有幸能来访问，感到非常高兴。
例2：Your hospitality is extraordinary.
For myself and for our entire delegation, I thank you for your warm welcome.
As I visited the Great Wall and the Summer Palace, I glimpsed something of the sweep of your history, and sensed the pride and the dignity which that legacy bestows upon your people.
译文：你们的款待是非同寻常的。
我谨以我个人和整个代表团的名义感谢你们的热情欢迎。
我在长城和颐和园游览的时候，领略了贵国悠久的历史，感受到了贵国的历史遗产给贵国人民带来的自豪和尊严。
2.政治演讲稿
政治演讲稿，是政治性演讲文稿。它是针对国内外现实生活中的政治问题，阐明自己的政治观点。一般语言精练，深入浅出，佳句和警句迭出，鼓舞力强。翻译中应注意：词语选择精确，传达出原作的内容和感情;
长短句、整散句合理配合，以利于口头表达;
保持各种修辞手法，以体现原文风格。
例1：I say to the House as I said to Ministers who have joined this government, I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many many months of struggle and suffering.译文：我已告诉过组成新政府的各位大臣，在此再告诉诸位议员：我所能奉献的，唯有热血、辛劳、汗水和眼泪。我们还要经受极其严峻的考验，我们面临着漫长而艰苦卓绝的斗争。
例2：With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go and lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God’s work must truly be our own.译文：问心无愧是我们唯一可靠的赞赏，历史是我们行动的最终裁判。让我们大步向前，引领我们所热爱的国家。我们祈求上帝的祝福和帮助，但我们知道，上帝在尘世间的工作一定是我们自己的工作。
3.学术演讲稿
学术演讲稿是就某一学科领域中的课题进行研究、探讨，向听众表述新的科学研究成果，传播科学知识的演讲文稿。一般具有严谨的结构，精密的逻辑，科学的语言，专业的词汇，具有较强的逻辑性。翻译时应注意：
深入浅出，通俗易懂;
语言准确，逻辑严密;
表达科学，简洁明了。
译文1：在今天的演讲中，我将描述一个可能改变我们关于宇宙与实在本身的观念的激动人心的最新进展。这一进展的思想是：我们或许是生活在一个更大的空间中的一个膜或者一个曲面上。
译文2：我想在这次演讲中描述一个激动人心的新机制，它可能改变我们关于宇宙和实在本身的观点。这个观念是说，我们可能生活中一个更大空间的膜或者面上。
4.社会生活演讲稿
社会生活演讲稿，是以社会存在的某一方面的问题为对象来表达自己的思想、情绪、愿望、要求的演讲文稿。翻译时要注意：
体现时代气息;
语言自然，贴近生活;
词语生动活泼，表达丰富情感。
第三篇：北外口译翻译技巧资料(英译汉)
英译汉
Chapter One 词义的选择、引申和褒贬 一.词义的选择
(一)根据词性 He likes physics. They are shining like gold. Like knows like. (二) 根据上下文联系 He is the last man to do it. He should be the last to blame. He is the last man to come. He is the last person for such a job.
二.词义的引申
(一)将词义做抽象化的引申
1.将表示具体形象的词译成该形象代表的属性
Every life has its roses and thorns.每个人的生活有甜有苦。 There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of them. 他们的性格既残暴，又狡猾。
2.将带有特征性形象的词译成该形象所代表的词 see-sawing between partly good and faintly bad 时好时坏这两种情况不断地交替出现 Their troops goosestepped into power. 他们的军队耀武扬威地夺取了政权。
(二)将词义做具体化的引申
The car in front of me stopped and I missed the green. 我前面的车停下来了，我错过了绿灯。
三.词义的褒贬
(一)英语中有些词本身具有褒贬意义 He was a man of high renown. 他是位有名望的人。
His notoriety didn’t come until his death. 他的恶名是他死后才传开的。
(二)中立意义的词在上下文中译出褒贬
The politician talked about his hopes and ambitions. 我们要求他谈了他的希望和抱负
He had lied to me and made me the tool of his wicked deeds. 他欺骗了我，使我成了他进行罪恶勾当的工具。
练习: Information technology will be at the heart of global economic competition in the 21st century. 信息技术将成为21世纪全球经济竞争的中心。
The largest American cities are a diverse group, but they share certain problems. 美国的大城市形形色色，却有许多共同的问题。
The expansion of educational opportunities promoted the American ideal of equal opportunity for all. 由于教育不断普及，推动了机遇面前人人平等的美国理想的实现。 Race relations in the US continue to be a thorny problem. 美国的种族关系一直是棘手的问题。
The diverse population presents great challenges to the society, racism and discrimination remain problems. 多民族的人口结构也给社会带来一定的问题，种族歧视和偏见依然存在。
Both newspapers and magazines are heavily dependent on advertising for financial support. 报纸和杂志的经费来源主要是依靠广告收入。
Geography has given the US extensive and accessible resources, fertile land, and a beneficial climate. 地理位置为美国提供了丰富的可利用资源，肥沃的土地和有利的气候。 The percentage of US children living without their father present has ballooned. 美国没有父亲的单亲孩子比例激增。
The American greeting card and decoration industries encourage the celebration of both religious and secular holidays. 美国的节日贺卡和装饰业增添了宗教节日和习俗节日的欢乐气氛。
Between 1689 and 1763, Great Britain and France fought a series of wars which involved the North American colonies. 1689年至1763年间英法两国连年战争，使北美的欧洲殖民地也卷入其中。
The modern American economy has never been completely free from government involvement。 现代美国经济从来没有完全脱离过政府的干预。
The increase in DINK families has shattered the traditional idea of Chinese family。 丁克家庭的增长冲击了传统的中国家庭观念。
Chapter Two 词类转译 一.转译为动词 1.名词转译为动词
Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已用来探索宇宙。
2.含有动词意味的名词转译为动词
The sight and sound of our plane filled me with special longing. 看到我们的飞机，听到飞机的声音，令我特别神往。
3.英语中以er结尾的名词在句中不指身份和职业，而含有动词意味，译为动词 I think my sister is a better singer than I. 我认为我姐姐比我唱的好。 二.转译为名词 1.名词派生的动词
Formality has always characterized their relationship. 他们之间的关系有一个特点就是以礼相待。 2.名词转化的动词
This machine is designed to burn up if overused. 这个机器，按其设计，如果过度使用就会烧毁。
练习：
For millions of immigrants, the Statue of Liberty was their first sight of the promising land. 数百万移民踏上这片充满希望的土地，第一眼看到的是自由女神像。
One thing that often leads people to move is the desire for better climate, more attractive scenery, more agreeable living. 导致人们迁居的原因往往是向往宜人的气候，迷人的景色和惬意的生活。
The American airline industry has enjoyed significant expansion in the last twenty years. 过去的20年中，美国的航空运输业迅速发展。
The growing concentration of wealth in the hands of a few people raised social and political issues. 财富逐渐集中在少数人手中，引发了许多社会问题和政治问题。
Population grew both as a result of natural increase and of continued immigration. 人口的增长是自然增长和不断移民的结果。
The American economy is organized in single-owner businesses, partnerships and corporations. 美国经济的组织方式是个人所有制，合伙制和公司制。
Chapter Three 分句 合句法 一.分句法
(一)把原句中一个单词译成句子 1.副词
They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all. 他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇。 2.形容词
He talked with understandable pride about his daughter. 他在谈到他女儿的时候很自豪，这是可以理解的。 3.名词
The inside of each house depended on the personality of its owner. 每个房间内怎样的布置，这要看各个使用者的性格了。
(二) 把短语翻译成句子 1.名词短语
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law. 能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭，这是一条普遍公认的规律。 2.介词短语
Their power increased with their number. 他们人数增加了，力量也随之增加。
(三) 把原文中的一个句子拆开, 变成两个句子
Another round of war in the region clearly would put strains on international relations. 如果该地区再次发生战争, 显然会使国际关系处于紧张状态。
His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery. 因为他没有遵守安全规则，机器出了故障。
二.合句法
(一)把原文中两个或以上的简单句译成一个句子
There are men here from all over the country. Many of them are from the north. 从全国各地来的人中有许多是北方人。
(二)把原文中的主从复合句译成一句
When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite. 我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是处于礼貌。
练习: Americans pride themselves on their independence and their right to make up their own minds. 美国人有独立的精神，有自主的权利，并为此感到自豪。
The popularity of television and the serious problem of piracy have contributed to the decline of movie industry. 电视普及，盗版问题严重，导致了电影业的衰落。
Hawaii enjoys a mild climate year-round because of the season winds, the temperature varies little from day to night and from summer to winter. 由于受季风影响，夏威夷一年四季如春，春夏秋冬，白天黑夜，温差很小。
Americans take shorter and fewer vacations than people in most other industrialized countries. 与大部分工业化国家相比，美国人休假时间短，休假次数少。
The importance of strengthening ties between the US and China will grow even greater with the beginning of a new century. 随着新世纪的开始，加强美中关系变得越来越重要。
Growing labor shortage in some field will give workers more rights to demand higher wages. 某些产业劳动力日益短缺，将使工人更有权利要求较高的工资。
New York has become one of the largest and most powerful cities in the western world with a population of more than 8 million. 纽约已经成为西方世界最具影响力的大城市之一，目前人口已达800万。
Despite its national wealth, poverty and serious income difference exist throughout the US. 虽然美国是个富裕的国家，但全国仍然存在着贫穷和严重的收入差别问题。
The researchers want to perfect cloning in cows because of the large market for expensive high-quality beef. 科研人员希望完善克隆牛技术，因为昂贵的高质牛肉市场庞大。
Chapter Four 定语从句 一.限制性定从
(一)前置法
There will come a day when people of the world live a happy life under the sun of socialism. 全世界人民在社会主义阳光下过幸福生活的一天是会到来的。
(二)后置法
1.译成并列分句，重复英语先行词 They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.
他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，这个理想是每个中国人所珍惜的，在过去，许多中国人曾为此牺牲了自己的生命。
He unselfishly contributed his uncommon talents and spirit to this career which today helps him reach his goal. 他把自己非凡的才智和精力无私地献给了这项事业，而这项事业今天已使他实现了目标。 2.译成并列分句，省略英语先行词
It is he who received the letter that announced the death of his uncle. 是他接到那封信，说他的叔叔去世了。
(三)融合法
There are many people who want to see the film. 许多人要看这部电影。 二.非限制性定语从句
(一)前置法
Her laughter, which was very infectious, broke the silence. 她的富有感染力的笑声打破了沉默。
(二)后置法 1.译成并列分句
(1)从句后置，重复关系词代表的含义
They toured the Forbidden city, where the Chinese emperors had once lived in lofty splendor. 他们参观了紫禁城，从前的中国皇帝曾在那里过着奢华显赫的生活。 (2)从句后置，省略关系词代表的含义
After dinner, they resumed their talk, which continued well into the night. 饭后，他们继续会谈，直到深夜。
(3)从句前置，重复关系词代表的含义
This war, however, more complex than the last one, which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets, resources and territories. 上一次战争是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场，资源和领土的冲突，而这次战争却比上一次复杂。
2.译成独立句
He had talked to the president, who assured him that everything that could be done would be done. 他和总统谈过话，总统向他保证，凡是能作到的都将去做。
第四篇：英译汉4-词汇翻译(2)词类转换
第三单元 词汇翻译 第二节
词类转换
一、转译为动词
1、带有动作意味的名词
例1. Television is transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 例2. The American people demanded his release.
He won praise for his release of the prisoners of war. 例3. The sight and sound of our jet plane filled me with special longing. 例4. I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I. 例5. We are enemies of all aggressive wars. 例6. The next news bulletin, shorter than usual, made no mention of the demonstration.
2、表示动作的介词
例1. A force is needed to move an object against inertia.
例2. The letter I is commonly used for current, E for electromotive force, and R for resistance. 例3. In his early days he abandoned medicine for literature.
3、动词衍生的形容词和表示感觉的形容词 例1. Sugar and salt are both soluble in water. 例2. The Republicans are out, the Democrats in. 例3. They are not sure they can save his life. 例4. She is familiar with English.
二、转译为名词
1、动词
例1. Often property damage and disrupted lives result. 例2. The earth on which we live is shaped like a ball.
例3. Mercury weighs about thirteen times as much as water. 例4. When this happens, the light is said to be reflected.
2、形容词
例1. They did their best to help the sick and the poor. 例2. Stevenson was eloquent and elegant—but soft. 例3. The Wilde family were religious.
3、副词
例1. He is physically weak but mentally sound. 例2. They have not done so well ideologically, as organizationally.
例3. Certainly people in enterprises must be mathematically informed if they are to make wise decision.
三、转译为形容词
1、名词
例1. The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment. 例2. The lower stretches of rivers show considerable variety. 例3. I am a perfect stranger to physics.
2、副词
例1. The President had prepared meticulously for his journey.
四、转译为副词
1、名词
例1. When he catches a glimpse of potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.
2、形容词
例1. We took brief, restless naps. 例2. I marveled at the relentless determination of the rain. 例3. This is sheer nonsense. 例4. Buckley was in a clear minority.
第五篇：“译心译意”翻译大赛英译汉参赛作品
我们的湖畔新年
早晨预示着美好的一天即将来临。天空像普罗旺斯的天空一样蓝，霜层层地覆盖在荒原的隆起上。山峰上覆盖着玲珑别致的雪，一两座山峰隐藏在云里，似乎在蒙着面纱和云嬉戏，没有风。在这种严寒的日子里，湖区就像一颗清透，珍奇的钻石，散发着永垂不朽的魅力。这种不朽使所有地方都弥漫着历史的厚重感和孤独感。这种情况下，你可以明显的觉察出凯尔特时代，罗马时代，挪威时代，铁器时代，卡莱尔的亚瑟王传说。圣徒和那些虔诚的人也在湖区的岛屿上。
在这样的天气里，游客很少。但是他们足够精明地选择了潮湿的西北部地区作为寒假里打赌的对象，为的是享受这里所流露的独特气质。在这样的天气里，蕨菜是黑巧克力色的，但是又透出一点点橘黄。 白炽的阳光就像伟大的亨利摩尔一样把那些古老的山脉雕塑成你想抚摸的曲线。空气中弥漫着不到20英里处的大海的气息，湖水像镜子一样，让你吃惊的是瀑布从隐藏的水库中流出，而这个用来发电的水库竟然在宁静的群山中若隐若现。
去年除夕，也是在这样一个寒冷的早晨，我们一伙人去了斯基多山脉的南部。远行的原因已经被我们遗忘在玛丽波特镇的酒吧了，那天晚上高兴地聊到深夜，却忘记说了什么。就在那我们确定了方向，我们要在上午十点而不是晚上六点举行传统的新年庆祝活动。远征队里的四个男人还在幼儿园时就认识了，从那时到现在已经五十年了。加入其中的还有我们的妻子和孩子，我们还带了一些生活用品。
那四个男人了解他们所在的湖区，并且在兰代尔一带的乱石岗练就了一幅好身板，或者是自信用不了一上午就能一口气爬上一座3000英尺高的山，或者是热爱沙普那光秃秃的山脊梁。相比而言，斯基多山就相形见拙了。斯基多山脉位于大山的最北边，不是十分危险，是湖区最为古老的山脉，行家们不屑来此。不过这样正好，因为这样就没有了装腔作势的徒步旅行者，骑车人或者山顶的计时员，使原本空旷的季节更加空旷了。