英汉互译第5课练习参考译文（精选2篇）
篇1：英汉互译第5课练习参考译文
第5课
1.他长得一表人材，举止彬彬有礼。
2.母亲死得早，她很小就失去了母爱。
3.他心灵手巧，大家认为他是厂里第一把好手。
4.雇主热情地接待了这位先生，恭喜他拥有一个这么有价值的奴隶。
5.他突然要求把乔治的工资拿给他，宣布自己打算把乔治带回家去，厂主和在场的工人听了大吃一惊。
阿基尔岛
（二）多么奇特 / 奇异、多么可怜的海岛！可是似乎谁也没有觉察到这一点。上帝把他们安置在四面环海的岩石上，因此上帝有意要 / 上帝的意图是要他们呆在那里!谁敢对上帝的智慧说半个不字? 这里土质坚硬，无钱可赚，但是人们可以到英格兰，苏格兰这些外国去赚钱。这些国家，也好像由天意 / 上帝的意旨决定了似的，坐船只要短短几个小时就到了 / 位于坐船只要短短几个小时就能到达的地方。
男人们到外国农场打工去了，阿基尔就成了女儿岛。她们持家种地，劳累筹划，等候男人们秋天归来。
这些女人和都市里娇滴滴 / 娇气的女子属于两个不同的世界。眼看着在艰苦生活的折磨下，美貌明显地早早凋谢 / 凋零，实在令人痛心。这里的女人三十而老，四十而衰。都市女子领略 / 体验过的舒适和关怀，她们不知（其）为何物 / 根本没有体验过。人到老年，就像船只进港，有了特权，可以叉着双手 / 十指交叉环顾四周享清福了，可是她们一生中似乎没有这样一个阶段 // 她们到了老年，本来就像船只进港，有了特权，可以叉着双手 / 十指交叉环顾四周享清福了，可是实际上她们一生中似乎没有这样一个阶段。你会看到妇女在田间劳动，像骡马一样驮着东西沿路走来，可都是弯腰驼背，满脸皱纹，根本看不出她们多大年纪了。满脸皱纹”。
然而阿基尔充满了欢声笑语。少女们一边赶着鹅群越过岩石一边格格地笑；她们一边背着筐子 / 篓子翻过低矮的石墙一边格格地笑；她们一边叫开似乎要一口吞下陌生来客的恶狗一边格格地笑；有人告诉我说 / 我听说，她们笑得最开心 / 最欢的时候，是舞会期间的晚上，这时男人们已从海外归来，小提琴像屋檐下的鸟雀一样，在阿基尔岛群山中到处啁啾。
篇2：英汉互译第5课练习参考译文
Omission
一、教学目的：要求熟练理解句子的翻译技 巧，从而在英汉翻译时做到通顺、准确。
二、教学过程： 1.增译法 省译法 词类转换
正说反译、反说正译法 重译法 语态变换法 词序调整法 拆译法
Omission(省译法)
1)A book is useful.书（是）有用（的）。
2)The earth goes around the sun.地球绕太阳转。
3)On Sundays we have no school.礼拜天我们不上课。
Omission(省译法)任何事物具有两面，翻译既然有增译法，就必定有对应的减译法或省略法。省略法就是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来，因为译文中虽无其词但已有其意，或者在译文中是不言而喻的。简言之省略法就是删去一些可有可无或有了反而累赘或违背译文表达习惯的词。省略法不是省掉原文的思想内容。这种省略多从语法和修辞角度考虑。
冠词、连词、代词（尤其是人称代词、关系代词）、关系副词等，在英语中经常使用，但译成汉语时很少出现，为了使译文忠实地道，减译法或省略法就不可少了。
1.省略代词
英语中通常每句都有主语。但根据汉语习惯，若前句出现一个主语且后句仍为同一主语时，后句主语一般省掉。如：
1）He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable.他身体消瘦，面容憔悴，看上去一副可怜相。
• Cf：Like his friends he had many wonderful ideas, but he only put a few into practice.• 他象他的朋友一样，虽然头脑里有许多美妙的想法，却只有少数付诸实施。2)We live and learn.活到老，学到老。
3)Everywhere you can find new types of men and objects in new Campus.新校区处处可以看到新人、新事物。4)If you give him an inch, he will take a mile.得寸进尺。
5)I have received your letter and read it with delight.我收到了你的信，愉快地读了。
6)When conditions exist, go ahead;when they don’t, create them and go ahead.有条件要上；没有条件，创造条件也要上。7)I wash my face in the morning.我早上洗脸。
cf：别把手放在口袋里。Don’t put your hands in your pockets.8)He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing.他耸耸肩，摇摇头，两眼看天，一言不发。
Practice：
①.But it’s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it.但我就这个脾气，虽然几经努力，却未能改变过来。
②.Anyone who does not recognize this fact is not a materialist.不承认这个事实，就不是唯物主义者。
③.The more you tried to hide your warts, the more you revealed them.越是想掩盖烂疮疤（缺点、瑕疵），就越是会暴露。
④.You must excuse me, I shall not speak of the matter again.请原谅，我以后不会再提这事了。⑤.She put up her hand in a solute.她举手致敬。
⑥.Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.外面一团漆黑，大雨倾盆。
⑦.It is only shallow people who judge by appearances.只有浅薄的人才会以貌取人。
⑧.It was with some difficulty that he found the way to his own house.他费了不少劲才找到了回家的路。2.省略连词
我们在讨论增译法时，提到“汉语语言精炼，并列连词较少使用，其上下逻辑关系常常是暗含的，由词语顺序来表示。但译为英语时，需要增补。证实了英语是形合语言，汉语是意合语言的命题。”相反，把英语译成汉语时，很多情况则需省略连词。如： 1).He looked gloomy and troubled.（表并列）
他看上去有些忧愁不安。
2).As the temperature increase, the volume of water becomes greater.（表原因）
温度升高，水的体积就增大。
3)If winter comes, can spring be far behind?（表条件）
冬天来了，春天还会远吗？
4)When it is dark in the east, it is light in the west;when things are dark in the south there is still light in the north.（表时间）
东方不亮西方亮，黑了南方有北方。Practice: 1).It is in the plant that we work together with the workers.就是在这个工厂内我们同工人一起劳动。
2).The door was opened, and he came in.门开了，他走了进来。
3).He studied in the college for two years, and then he went to join the army.他在大学念过两年书，后来就去参军去了。4).If it should rain tomorrow, I shall stay at home.明天下雨我就呆在家里不出去。
5).When at last he stood upon the cliff, he turned to his little sister and looked upon her sorrowfully.最后他站到了悬崖上，转过身来，忧郁地看着他的妹妹。
6).John rose gloomily as the train stopped for he was thinking of his ailing mother.火车停了，约翰忧郁地站了起来，因为他想起了病中的母亲。
3.省略介词
一般说来，表示时间和地点的英语前置词，译成汉语如出现在句首，大都可以省略，出现在句尾时大都不省。如：
1)The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.一九四九年中华人民共和国成立。
比较：中华人民共和国成立于一九四九年。2)In July, 1956, Egypt had seized the Suez Canal.一九五六年七月，埃及占领了苏伊士运河。
比较：埃及占领苏伊士运河是在一九五六年。3)And on July 1st, 1999, I graduated from university.一九九九年七月一日，我大学毕业了。4)Smoking is prohibited in public places.公共场所不准吸烟。
4.省略冠词
英语有冠词，汉语没有冠词；因此，英译汉时往往要将冠词省略。相反，汉译英时，多要增加冠词，也就是增译法中的增加冠词。如： 1)A book is useful.（是）有用（的）。2)The earth goes around the sun.地球绕太阳转。
（省略表示独一无二的事物的定冠词 the）又如：The moon was slowly rising above the sea.）3)A teacher should have patience in his work.当教员的应当有耐心。（省略表示类别的不定冠词a）
4)The girl standing at the window is his girlfriend.站在窗口的（那个）女孩是他女朋友。
此句中girl后有定语，汉译时定冠词The可省也可保留。）5)Milk is sold by the pound.牛奶按磅计价。（牛奶是论磅卖的。）
当然，有些场合，冠词是不能省略的。比如不定冠词a 或an 表示数量“一”时，定冠词the 表示“这”或“那”时，均不能省略。6)He left without a word.他一句话不说就走了。7)The children are of an age.这些孩子都是同岁的。Exercises 1.We can not see sound waves as they travel through air.声波通过空气传播，是看不见的。（省人称代词）
2.The dog is stretching itself.这条狗在伸懒腰。(省反身代词）
3.It was a cold, dark day, the sky overcast.寒冷阴沉的一天，乌云密布。（省略非人称代词it)4.I can do it, and so can you.我能做，你也能做。（省略并列连词）5.Smoking is not allowed in the store-house.仓库重地，严禁吸烟。（省略介词）6.Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。（省从属连词）
7.A wise man will not marry a woman who has attainment but no virtue.聪明的人是不会娶有才无德的女子为妻的。（省关系代词）8.他们开始研究敌情，分析敌情。
They began to study and analyze the situation of the enemies.（增加并列连词）9.礼拜天我们不上学。
On Sundays we have no school.（增加介词）10.孩子就是孩子。
A boy is always a boy.(增加冠词）
Lecture 9 Conversion
(词类转换法)教学要求
了解并熟悉词类转换法（Conversion）的翻译技巧；在此基础上了解英汉常见的差异。In terms of conversion we mean that in translating a word in one language belonging to a certain part of speech is not necessary to be turned into one of the same part of speech in another language.As a matter of fact, conversion in the English language is very common.Let’s take the word “round” for example:
This is the first round.(n.)There is a round table in the room.(adj.)Round the corner slowly.(v.)He walked round the table.(prep.)So, conversion is one of the important techniques and is needed primarily by the differences in syntactic structure and idiomatical way in the two languages.Conversion occurs on many occasions.But the most commonly seen are as follow: 1.转译成动词
英语和汉语相比较，汉语中动词用得比较多，这是一个特点。往往在英语句子中只用一个谓语动词，而在汉语中却可以几个动词或动词性结构连用。如： He is a good eater and a good sleeper.他能吃能睡。
He admires the President’s stated decision to fight for the job.他对总统声明为保持其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩。
A.由动词的派生名词（或含有动作意义的名词）转译为动词 His very appearance at any affair proclaims it a triumph.无论什么事情，只要他一露面，就算是成功了。
An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of translation.读一点世界史，对学习翻译是有帮助的。
A view of Mt.E-mei can be obtained from here.从这儿可以看到峨嵋山。
A.由动词的派生名词（或含有动作意义的名词）转译为动词 Exercise： a.The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.b.On the walk through the campus they saw many students reading in the garden.c.He urged upon citizens of the country the necessity of persisting in participation in political controversies.看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，令我特别神往。漫步校园时，他们看见许多学生在公园里看书。他告诫全国公民，必须坚持参加政治论战。
B.英语中加后缀-er,-or 的名词，在句中并不表身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意义。He is no smoker, but his father is a chain-smoker.他倒是不抽烟，但他的爸爸却一支接一支地抽（是个老烟枪）。
He was a regular visitor.他经常来。
I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming.I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.我未必会教你游泳。我想我的弟弟比我教得好。C.介词转换为动词
Jones opened the windows to let fresh air in.琼斯把窗子打开,让新鲜空气进来。That day she was up before sunrise.那天她在日出前就起来了。
“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.“来啊!” 她转身蹦着跳着地跑了, 越过草地, 跑上小径,跨上台阶, 穿过凉台,进了门廊。C.介词转换为动词
Up the street they went, past stores, across a broad square, and then he entered a huge building.他们沿着大街走去，经过许多商店，穿过一个大广场，然后进入了一座大厦。in accordance with 符合on the basis of 根据 by means of 利用
on behalf of 代表 instead of 代替
in favor of 支持，赞成D.形容词转换为动词
They were suspicious and resentful of him.他们不信任他，讨厌他。2.转译成名词
A.Verbs-Nouns 英语中有许多由名词派生的动词，以及由名词转用的动词，在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词，这时可将其转译成汉语的名词。如： She behaves as if she were a child.她的举止跟一个孩子一样。
A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car.一个衣着讲究的人上了车，他的言谈举止酷似美国人。A.Verbs-Nouns Edison patented over one thousand separated inventions during his life.爱迪生一生中得到一千多项发明项目的专利。It is chiefly characterized by its simplicity of structure.它的主要特点是结构简单。His image as a good student was badly tarnished.Tarnish: 失去光泽；褪色
他作为一个好学生的形象，已遭受到很大的玷污。
B.Adjectives-Nouns 一种情况，英语中有些形容词加上定冠词表示一类的人，汉译时常译成名词（例1、2、3）。另外，有些英语中的形容词根据情况，也可译成名词。如例4：
1.They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。
2.Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and loved and protected the poor.罗宾汉和他的同伴们痛恨富人，热爱并保护穷人。3.Stevenson was eloquent and elegant—but soft.史蒂文森有口才、有风度，但很软弱。4.This problem is no less important than that one.这个问题的重要性不亚于那个问题。5.Glass is more transparent than plastic cloth.玻璃的透明度比塑料布要好。
Exercise: They are going to build a school for the blind and the deaf.他们将为盲人和聋人修建一所学校。The White family were religious.王尔德(怀特)全家都是虔诚的教徒。Hospitals are getting more efficient these days.近日来，医院的效率越来越高了。C.Adverbs—Nouns It is editorially said that… 社论说……
He is strong physically, but weak mentally.他体力很强，可智力很弱。
The new type of machine is shown schematically in Figure 1.图一所示是这种新型机器的简图。独立思考是学习所绝对必要的。
Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.我们觉得难于解决这个问题。
We find difficulty in solving this problem.3.转译成形容词
A.Nouns—Adjectives
1.I can note the grace of her gesture.我可以看到她优雅的举止。
2.We have seen the beauty of Mt.Tai.我们看到了美丽的泰山。
3.You pass from the heat and glare of a big open square into a cool, dark cavern.你从一个巨大的露天广场上炎热而耀眼的阳光中进入凉爽阴暗的洞穴。A.Nouns—Adjectives 4.As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.他对这个城市完全陌生，所以我希望你能给他必要的帮助。
英语中有些名词加不定冠词作表语时，往往可以转译成形容词（例4和例5）。又如：The blockade was a success.封锁很成功。B.Adverbs—Adjectives
The English language has changed subtly and pervasively.英语的变化很微妙，很普遍。She looked at me expectantly.她用期待的眼光看着我。
Hopefully, it will be done early next month.下月初完成这项工作是大有希望的。
Traditionally, there had always been good relations between them.他们之间一直有着传统的友好关系。B.Adverbs—Adjectives
他慢条斯理地点了一两下头说：“是的。” “Yes,” he said with a slow nod or two.他们热忱地欢迎他。
They give him a hearty welcome.他会立即答复。
He will give an immediate reply.A.Nouns—Adverbs 1.The man nodded with satisfaction.那人满意地点了点头。
2.He had the honor to attend the congress.他荣幸地出席了代表大会。
B.Adjectives—Adverbs 3.He had a careful study of the map before he started off.他在出发前仔细地看了看地图。
4.Can you give an accurate translation of the sentence? 你能准确地把这句话译出来吗？
很简单，由于英语中带有动作意味的名词汉译为动词，因而原文修饰名词的形容词也相应地汉译为副词，以便修饰动词。
Exercise 1.It is impossible to live in society and be independent of society.(adj—v.)生于社会，不能脱离社会。
2.They have not done so well ideologically, however, as organizationally.(adv.—n.)但是，他们的思想工作没有他们的组织工作做得好。3.I have the honour to inform you that…(n.—adv.)我荣幸地通知你。
4.He had the kindness to show me the way.(n.—adv.)他好意地给我指路。
5.I recognized the absurdity of dealing with them through intermediaries(中间人).(n.—adj.)我认识到，通过中间人跟他们打交道是愚蠢的。6.他们怀疑这是否是真的。(v—adj.)They are doubtful whether it is true or not.7.“放我出去！”房间里的孩子叫道。(v.—adv.)“Let me out!” the child in the room cried.8.你拨错了电话号码。(adv.—adj.)
You dialed the wrong number.Lecture 10
Affirmation and Negation
Sentence Translation
一、教学目的：要求熟练理解句子的翻译技巧，从而在英汉翻译时做到通顺、准确。
二、教学过程： 1.增译法 省译法 词类转换
正说反译、反说正译法 重译法 语态变换法 词序调整法 拆译法
During the process of E-C or C-E translation, due to different ways or habit of expressing, the transfer of affirmative expression into negative one or vice versa is not only frequent but necessary.The reasons of using this method is，first, to express the exact meaning of the source language smoothly;second, to conform to norms of the target language Examples: Excuse me.对不起。
“Don’t stop working” he said.他说，“继续干活吧” 別停止工作
He went into the insecure building.他走进那所危楼。
他走进那所不安全的大楼。
A.源文从正面表达，译文从反面表达 1.动词
Such a chance denied me.我没有得到这样一个机会。2.副词
A: The boy is quite clever.B: Exactly.甲：这孩子很聪明。
乙：一点不错/的确如此。3.形容词
1）It would be most disastrous if even a rumor of it were given.甚至只要有一点点风声漏出去，结果就不堪设想。2）The explanation is pretty thin.这个解释是相当不充实的。
3）His refusal is not final.他的拒绝不是不可改变的。4.介词
1）This problem is above me.这问题我不懂。（或：我解决不了）。
2）It was beyond his power to sign such a contract.他无权签订这种合同。5.连接词
The guerrilla would fight to death before they surrender 游击队员宁愿战斗到死，而决不投降。
I will not go unless I hear from him 如果他不通知我，我就不去
6.名词
1）By about six-thirty the sounds of aircraft, trucks and tanks had become quite familiar, but a series of small explosions nearby seemed to cause new anxiety.大约到六点半，大家对飞机、卡车和坦克的声音已经很习以为常了。但是附近一些轻微的爆炸声似乎又造成了新的不安。
7.短语
1）The islanders found themselves far from ready to fight the war.岛民发现自己远远没有做好作战准备。
2）We believe that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust.我们相信，年轻一代将不会辜负我们的信任。
3）When Philip missed the last bus, he was at a loss to know what to do.菲利普误了最后一班公共汽车，茫然不知该怎么办。二．英语从反面表达，译文从正面表达 1．动词
1）I rode around with him one day seeing how the ships unloaded.一天我和他乘车转了一转，看看船如何卸货。
2）The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanations.虽经他一再解释，疑团仍然存在。
2．副词
1）He carelessly glanced through the note and got away.他马马虎虎地看了看那张便条就走了。
2）Many agreed that the Prime Minister had in effect resigned dishonorably.许多人认为首相辞职实际上是很丢面子的。
3．形容词
1）He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious.他这个人优柔寡断，而且总是反复无常。
2）All the articles are untouchable in the museum.博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸。4．名词
1）He manifested a strong dislike for his father’s business.他对他的父亲的行业表示强烈的厌恶情绪。
2）I watched with disbelief as a number was put on my right forearm---82585.当一个号码—82585刺在我右前臂时，我怀疑地看着。
5．短语
1）Don’t lose time in posting this letter.赶快把这封信寄出去。
2）The examination left no doubt that the patient had died of cancer.调查的结果清清楚楚说明病人死于癌症。
3）Students, with no exception, are to hand in their papers this afternoon.今天下午学生统统要交书面作业。A.Some Idiomatic Expressions 1.riot police
防暴警察(即anti-riot police，而不是**的警察)2.crisis law
反危机法案(即anti-crisis law)3.spy film 反谍影片 4.After you, sir.先生，您先请。
A.Some Idiomatic Expressions 5.Keep in lane!
不准换线！6.Keep off the lawn!
请勿践踏草地！
7.I couldn’t agree more with you.我完全同意你的看法。8.Just make yourself at home.不要客气。/别见外。
9.He was the last man to say such things.他绝不会说这样的话。
10.They are non-local laborers in Beijing 他们是在北京打工的外地民工。
11.We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life.我们要永远对生活抱乐观的态度。Exercises：
1.I’m new to the work.这工作我是生手。（这工作我不熟悉。）2.He is free with his money.他花钱大手大脚。（他花钱从不吝啬。）
3.He realized that he was in trouble.他意识到遇到麻烦了。（他感到自己的处境不妙。）4.The station is no distance at all.车站近在咫尺。（车站一点儿也不远。）5.It’s no less than a fraud.这简直是一场骗局。（这无异于一场骗局。）6.The works of art were left intact, the money gone.艺术品还在，钱却不翼而飞。（艺术品原封未动，钱却不翼而飞。）
7.Time is what we want most, but what, alas, many use worst.(adv.)时间是我们最缺少的，但可叹之至，偏偏许多人最不善于利用。8.They feel great anxiety about his sickness.他们对他的病情感到焦虑不安。9.The criminal is still at large.(phrase)罪犯还未捉拿归案。After class exercises: 1.Isn’t it funny!
2.I am never at a loss for a word;Pitt is never at a loss for the word.3.When Stephen was introduced to the old couple, they said simply, “We’ve read your article.We expected to meet an older man.”