初一英语介词的小结和练习

2024-05-02

初一英语介词的小结和练习(精选5篇)

篇1:初一英语介词的小结和练习

初一介词的小结和练习

介词at on in表示时间的介词 at, on, in(在):

at表示时间的某一点;on表示某日或和某日连用的某一时间段;in用于表示除日以外的某一时间段,以及泛指早晨下午晚上。1.at(1)at表示一天中的某时刻,不用冠词,如: at six o’clock(在六点钟), at dawn(在黎明), at sunrise(日出时), at noon(在正午)。

I arrived at school at seven.我到学校时是七点。(2)at表示一瞬间或短暂的时间,如:

at that moment(在那一瞬间), at present(目前), at that time(那时)

Your memory is always poor at this time.你的记忆力到这时候总是不好。

(3)at表示节日或年龄,如:

at Christmas(在圣诞节,指整个节日), at the age of ten(在十岁时)。How could you be so forgetful at the age of ten? 你才十岁怎么就这么健忘? 2.on

on表示某日或和某日连用的某一时间段,如:

on Monday(在星期一), on Friday afternoon(在星期五下午)

on the morning of August the eighth(在八月八日早晨)

on Christmas Day(在圣诞节,指在当天)

You were late on Monday last week.你上星期一就晚了。

You mean I was late on May the fifteenth? 你是说我五月十五日晚了? 3.in

in表示年、月、季节、世纪、时代,与定冠词连用表示一天中某个时间段,如:

in 1996(在1996年), in May(在五月), in spring(在春季),in the 20th century(在二十世纪), in the eighties(在八十年代),in modern times(在现代), in the night(在晚上)。

Sorry, I am late, the first time in May.对不起,我晚了,五月份第一次晚。

I got up at six in the morning.我早上六点钟起床。表示地点的介词 in on at 1.at表示地点:

(1)用于指较小的地方。如:

I shall wait for you at the station.我应该在车站等你。

(2)用于门牌号码前。如:

He lives at 115 Zhongshan Road.他住在中山路115号。

2.in表示地点:

(1)用于指较大的地方。如:

He lives in Shanghai.他住在上海。

(2)虽然是很小的地方,如果说话人住在那里,也可用in。商店、学校、机关等,若看作一个地点(point)用at,若看作一个场所(place)用in。如:I met him at the post-office.我在邮局遇见他的。I’m now working in the post-office.我现在在邮局工作。

3.on表示地点,一般指与面或线接触,意为“在……上;在……旁”。如:

The picture was hanging on the wall.照片在墙上挂着。

New York is on the Hudson River.纽约在哈德逊河上。1.in 在......之内

1)表示地点,表示大地点。

The camel lives in the desert and eats grass.骆驼住在沙漠里,它以草为生。She’s in china with her mom and dad.她和妈妈爸爸一起在中国。

My mother is an english teacher in a university in Beijing.我妈妈是北京一名大学的英语老师。

I’m in class one.我在一班。2)表示时间,表示在某一个时间段内。

The weather is cold in winter.冬天天气很冷。3)表示颜色和语言也用介词in。

Do you know the girl in red? 你认识穿着红色衣服的女孩么?

I can write this article in english.我能用英语写这篇文章。2.from 从......中来 1)come from

I come from china and i’m Chinese.我从中国来,我是中国人。There are camels from Africa.骆驼从非洲来。2)download from I download music from the internet.我从网络上下载音乐。3)be different from

lily’s habits are different from Cinda’s.莉莉的习惯与琳达的不同。3.with 和,用,与 1)with sb 和......人在一起

I’m in class one with damming and Ringling.我与大明和玲玲都是一班的学生。

would you like to go to the cinema with betty and me?

你愿意与贝蒂和我一起去看电影么? 2)with Esth.表示用某种工具

I write with my pen, and I see with my eyes.我用我的笔写字,用我的眼睛来看。4.at 在......1)表示地点,主要指小地点。

My father is a teacher at Beijing international school.我爸爸是北京国际学校的一名老师。

My mother is a doctor at the hospital.我妈妈是医院医生。2)表示时间,主要指时间的一个点。

I get up at half past seven in the morning.我早上七点半起床。

I usually do my homework at home and at the weekend.我通常周末在家里写作业。3)be good at 擅长于......I am good at reading and writing.我擅长读写。5.behind 在......后面

The classrooms are behind the offices.教室在办公室后面。6.next to 紧挨着

The library is next to the classrooms.图书馆紧挨着教室。7.in front of 在......前面

they are in front of tony and damming.他们在托尼和大明前面。

the gym is a building in front of the offices.体育场在办公室前面。8.for 为了......thank you for your email.谢谢你的邮件。

we often make a birthday cake for his birthday.我们通常为了他的生日准备一个生日蛋糕。

I am a teacher and i use my laptop for my lessons.我是一名老师,我经常用笔记本电脑备课。9.on 在......上,在......时

1)表示时间,表示具体的一天。

would you like to go to a football match on Munday?

你愿意周日看足球赛么?

I was born on Jan, 1st, 1992.我出生于1992年1月1日。2)表示地点

on the farm 在农场上

on the playground 在操场上 10.to 自,向 1)talk to 与......谈论

we have a break and i talk to my friends.我们有一个课间休息,我和我的朋友们聊天。2)go to 去

he likes films and he often goes to the cinema.他喜欢电影,他经常去电影院。3)welcome to 欢迎到......welcome to Beijing zoo.欢迎到北京动物园来。4)listen to 听

They always listen to music.他们经常听音乐。

5)connect......to

please connect the monitor to the computer first.请先把显示器和电脑主机连在一起。11.by

she usually buys cads by her favorite singers.她经常买她最喜欢歌手的cd盘。练习:

一.用介词填空。

1.___the theatre

2.__ Beijing

3.__ the cinema

4.___ the farm

5.___ school

6.__ home

7.__ the park

8.__ the library 9.__ the stadium 10.__ 1994

11.__ November

12.__ 15:00

13.__ Munday morning 14.__ 6:30

15.__ Monday

16.__ January

17.__ may, 1

18.__ my birthday

19.__ weekend

20.__may, 1, 2006 21.___ the playground

22.___my birthday party 二.选择最佳答案。

1.the plane arrived at Condon airport ______ Wednesday.a.on

b.at

c.in

d.for

2.what do you usually do ________ Christmas?

a.on

b.at

c.in

d.for

3.the first class begins _______ 8 o’clock ______ the morning.a.at/on

b.at/in

c.on /in

d.on/on

4.we will be in Nanjing _____ Tuesday ______Thursday.a.on/ through

b.on/to

c.from/to

d.on./till

5.we will have a football match _____ this Saturday afternoon..a.on

b./

c.in

d.for

6.he came to see you _____ the evening of may 10th.a.in

b.at

c.on

d.for

7.the supermarket is still open ______ midnight.a.at

b.on

c.till

d./

8.days are longer ______ summer than ___________ winter.a.in/in

b.in/on

c.from/to

d.to/in

9.children get presents ________ Christmas and ______ their birthday.granny is coming

for lunch________ Christmas day.a.at/on/on

b.on/on/on

c.at/in/at

d.in/on/in

10.________ new year’s eve people usually don’t go to bed until midnight.a.at

b.on

c.for

d.in

11.tom and paul usually watch TV ______ weekends.a.at

b.in

c.for

d./

12.he said that he would meet us ____ the cinema.a.in

b.at

c.on

d.of

13.there are many beautiful birds ______ the tree.a.on

b.at

c.in

d.besides

14.Lucy is waiting _____ no.3 bus stop ________ her father.a.for/for

b.for/at

c.at/for

d.at/at

15.do you often listen ________the program ________ the radio.a.to/of

b.to /in

c.to/on

d.on /to

16.can you tell me the way ______ shanghai zoo?

a.to

b.at

c.for

d.towards

17.thank you _______ your coming.a.to

b.of

c.by

d.for

18.Mr li is going to help him ________ his Chinese this afternoon.a.with

b.on

c.by

d.at

19.let me introduce her _______ you.a.with

b.on

c.to

d.for

20.tom has made friends_____ many Chinese students.a.with

b.to

c.by

d.among

21.can you find out the answer__________ these questions?

a.of

b.for

c.to

d/with

22.don’t forget to bring your text book ______ you.a.in

b after

c.with

d.to

23.can you sing this song _____ English?

a.with

b.in

c.by

d.for

24.who is the boy _____ blue trousers?

a.in

b.on

c.with

d.at

25.don’t read _____ the sun.it’s bad _________ your eyes.a.under/of

b.in/towards c.in/ for d.under/for

26.how many students go to school _____ foot?

a.by

b.in

c.on

d.with

27.i will make a trip _____ Europe this summer.a.for

b to

c with

d.of

28.my mother send a postcard____ me every year.a.to

b.for

c.by

d.with

29.let’s make a cake_______ damming;he likes cakes.a.to

b.for

c.by

d.with 30.there are lots of animals ________ the grassland.a.at

b.on

c.in

d.by

篇2:初一英语介词的小结和练习

介词主要是用来表示它后面的名词或代词与句中其他某个成分之间的关系。不能独立充当句子成分,必须与后面的宾语构成介词短语后才能做句子成分。

一.介词(短语)语法功能

1.作状语

介词(短语)在句子作状语修饰动词。表示“时间”,‘‘地点”,‘‘条件”,‘‘方式”或‘‘目的”等。

例如:①She gets up at 6:30 in the morning every day.(表时间)

②There are some books on the desk.(表地点)

③People can’t live without air or water.(表条件)

2.作定语介词短语作定语表示某个关系,一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。例如 The girl in the red skirt is Lucy.(后置定语)

3.作表语

介词短语作表语时,多放在be 动词之后。

例如:① She is in the next room.② He is from English.二.常用介词的用法

1.表示时间的介词

①in,on,at.in 表示世纪,年,周,季节,在上午∕下午∕晚上∕白天等。

例如:in the morningin Mayin 2012in his fortiesin an hour

on 表示确定的时间,某日,某日的上午,下午,晚上,星期几,或一般节日等。

例如:on Sundayon a rainy eveningon May 4on the night of May 4on Teachers’

Dayon Children’s Day

at 用于表示时间“点”.夜里.中午及某些词组中

例如.at 4 o’clockat noonat that timeat the end ofat the age of②by ,until∕till

表示期限时通常用介词by ,until ∕till

by表示“不迟于”,“在 ……之前”

例如:They had seen four English films by the end of last night.Until ∕till到……为止

在肯定句中谓语动词要用延续性动词。

例如: Iwaited for my mum until she came home.在否定句中,not … until译成“直到……才”谓语动词用非延续性动词。

例如:I didn’t go to bed until my mum came home.③in ,for ,during ,through

1)in 表示“在。。。时间内”“在。。。时间后”

例如 :Do you work in the day time or at night ?

I hear he’ll be back in a week.2)for 后接一段时间,可与多种时态连用,如与现在完成时连用,谓语动词只能用延续性动词。

例如:She has worked there for 8 years.3)during表示“在。。。期间”,强调“自始自终”.例如:

4)through =from beginning to end“自始自终”“从头到尾 ”

例如:Dr.Bethune went on working through the night.注:对“in+时间段”提问用how soon

对“for+ 时间段”提问用 how long

On the+身体硬部位

in the +身体软部位

④表示时间的起点用since 或from

例如:Tom has worked in the factory since three years ago.From now on ,I will learn English in the morning.⑤in 和after

1)in “在。。。以后”从现在算起,后接时间段,常用于将来时。

例如:We’ll be back in a week.He’ll arrive at Shanghai2)after “在。。。以后”,从过去算起,后接时间段,常用于过去时。

例如:They got there after 8 hours.后接时间点,常用于将来时。

例如:The plane is leaving after nine.2.表示地点.位置的介词

①inontoat

in 在某一范围之内。

例如:Shanghai lies in the east of China.on 表示两个不同的个体相邻或接壤。

例如:Hefei lies on the south of Huainan.to表示两个个体间有一段距离或隔海相望。

例如:Japan is to the east of China.At表示在街道或城镇。

例如: He lives at 158 JianguoStreet.②inat

in后跟较大地方

例如:He lived in China three years ago.at 后接较小地方

例如:We waited at the gate of the school.③aboveoveron

Above表示位置高于某物不接触,在其上方任意一点,但不是正上方。其反义词是below例如:The moon is now above the trees in the east.Over 指正上方,垂直方向。其反义词是under

例如:There is a bridge over the river.On 在。。。上面,相互接触。

例如:There is a pen on the desk.特殊用法:on在树上<本身具有> There are some apples on the tree.in在树上< 外来物> There are some birds in the tree.3表示方向的介词:bywithin

by后跟动名词或抽象化的可数名词(其前不用冠词)意为“用„„手段或方法” 例如: He goes to school by bus every day.The old man had to make money by selling vegetables.with表示用工具,借助于某一具体的手段,工具,材料或人体器官。

例如:People here build houses with stones.With the help of my teacher ,I did well in my English.We see with our eyes.in 用材料.语言.声音等媒介,以„„方式.What is this in English ? She said in a loud voice.He wrote the words in red ink.4.to 的两种用法的区别

① to+v.(不定式)

例如:to do sth

② to+v-ing(介词)

例如:look fordward to doing sth

get /be used to doing sth

pay attention todoing sth

make a contribution to doing sth

prefer doing sthto doing sth

6.时间状语前不用介词的情况。

当morning等词前有this ,that ,next ,last 等词修饰时,介词须省去。下列介词须省去:

修饰语中心词

① this /thatmorning/week /year/January/spring② next /lastSunday /week /term/year/spring/May③ tomorrow/yesterday/lastmorning/afternoon/evening

④ the dayafter tomorrow /before yesterday

篇3:初一英语介词的小结和练习

关键词:偏误,汉语介词,语言习得,对策

一、关于介词“在”的研究综述

近年来, 关于介词“在”的研究很多, 特别是在日本学生使用介词“在”的偏误分析方面, 取得了突破性进展。但针对介词“在”的偏误分析主要集中在原因分析方面, 对策分析较少;针对学习者某一学习阶段使用介词“在”的偏误分析也较为鲜见。所以, 本文作者试图结合自身教学实际, 对母语为英语的高级班留学生在使用介词“在”方面的偏误情况展开研究。

二、通过汉英对比, 分析介词“在”的偏误类型及原因

1. 研究对象及材料

由于笔者的教学经验有限, 只选取所教过的高级班学生中为数不多的英语母语者作为研究对象, 从他们的口语和写作中搜集语料, 作为研究材料。通过总结和分析收集到的有关介词“在”的14条语料, 我们发现其中有8条是正确的, 而另外6条则出现了不同原因的偏误。

2. 分析偏误类型、来源及对策

鲁健骥先生在《外国人学习汉语的语法偏误分析》中把偏误分为“遗漏偏误、误加偏误、误代偏误和错序偏误”四类。综合前人和鲁健骥先生的研究成果, 我们将以上语料中出现的偏误分为“遗漏、误加、其他情况”三类。

(1) 遗漏:“在……”末尾缺少相应的方位词或表示范围的名词。

(1) 缺少“上、下、里、中”等词。如a.我的笔在桌子。

改正:我的笔在桌子上。意译:My pen is on the desk.

偏误分析:上面例题中缺少了方位词“上”。主要原因是受母语英语的干扰。英语中凡是介宾词组都是“介词+宾语”, 如“on the desk”。而汉语介词短语“在……”在句子中表示处所时, 如果“在”的宾语是表示具体事物的普通名词时, 应加上适当的方位词“上、中、下、里、外”等, 构成“介词+宾语+方位词”的结构。

(2) 缺少表示时间的名词性词语。如b.在放假, 我去了杭州。

改正:在放假的时候, 我去了杭州。意译:I went to Hang zhou on my holiday.

偏误分析:汉语本身的复杂性使学生对“放假”的词性定位不清, 造成了例b中的偏误。在这句话中, “放假”是一个表行为的动词, 并不能表示时间。

(2) 误加。如c.今天早晨, 在上海下了一场雨。

改正:今天早晨, 上海下了一场雨。意译:It rained in Shanghai this morning.

偏误分析:此例是母语负迁移和目的语知识的泛化共同作用产生的偏误。在英语中, “in、at、on”常常与地点名词构成表示处所的短语, 如in Shanghai。这些用法使学生受到干扰, 再加上学习“在……”结构在动词前表示处所时造成的心理误导, 学生误认为处所地点名词前必然有介词“在”, 从而出现了这样的偏误。

(3) 其他情况的偏误。如d.在现在的社会下, 大学生找工作很难。

改正:现在的社会, 大学生找工作很难。意译:In today’s society, it’stoo difficult for graduates to find a job.

偏误分析:例d表现为对汉语语法规则的过度泛化所导致的语法偏误。外国学生学习过“在……的帮助下”这一句型, 因此碰到相似的句型时, 用类推的方法不适当地套用在目的语上而造成了偏误。

三、关于介词“在”的教学思考

分析以上例句, 我们可以发现, 学生对“在+处所地点”的这一用法掌握很好, 而多数母语为英语的学生常常按照母语的语法结构造汉语句子, 这主要是学生套用母语思维而产生的偏误。此外, “在……下”是学生使用频率较高的语法结构。学习汉语语法时, 老师会把涉及的语言点列出, 并给出相关的例句, 让学生仿造, 然后不断地做替换练习, 使他们掌握对介词“在”的用法。可见, “模仿—重复—强化”在第二语言学习中发挥着重要作用。

参考文献

[1]崔希亮.欧美学生汉语介词习得的特点及偏误分析[J].世界汉语教学, 2005 (3) .

篇4:小学六年级英语介词练习试题

1.用介词或副词填空

①He is good ________ swimming.②Tom gets ________ at seven every morning.③ ________ Sunday morning, he played football with his friends.④What’s wrong ________ you?

There is something wrong ________ my back.⑤He often helps me ________ my English.⑥It’s time ________ breakfast.⑦Can you sing a song ________ English?

⑧He looks ________ his father.⑨Please listen ________ me carefully.⑩It’s too cold.Don’t take ________ your coat.I go to school ________ foot every day.He sits ________ Tom and Mary.I work ________ Monday ________ Friday.He is ill, so he is staying ________ bed.Don’t be late ________ this meeting.2.介词填空

①Tony is ________ Canada.②What is the name ________ the factory?

③Betty is English.What ________ you?

④Who’s the woman ________ the black dress?

⑤Where do you come ________?

⑥She looks ________ her father.⑦Do the students stay ________ home ________ Saturday?

⑧My mother cut the cake ________ a knife.⑨The meeting ended ________ 6 p.m.⑩We’ll play football ________ class.Go ________ this road, turn left ________ the first crossing.Can you tell me the way ________ the zoo?

—where are you from?

—I am ________ Beijing.Let’s count the numbers ________ one ________ fifty.—Where shall we meet?

—We’ll meet ________ home.1.①at ②up ③On ④with with ⑤with ⑥for ⑦in ⑧like ⑨to ⑩off

on between from to in for

2.①from ②of ③about ④in ⑤from ⑥like ⑦at on ⑧with ⑨at

篇5:初中英语常用介词用法练习题答案

1.The play begins at 6: 40 pm.So we have to be at the theatre ____ 6:30 pm at the latest.A.after

B.around

C.until

D.by 1.D。从“戏剧在下午6:40开始”可知到达剧院的时间最迟不应晚于6:30。A项表示“下午6:30后到剧院”,C项表示“在剧院呆到下午6:30为止”,均不合题意。B项干扰性最强,around意为“左右,大约”, 但在6:30 pm后有at the latest“最晚”,二者相矛盾。C项by是not later than(不迟于)之意,整合题意。

2.They held a ceremony ________ those killed in the battle.A.in honor of

B.instead of

C.in favor of

D.by means of 2.A。in honour of意为“为庆祝(为向...表示敬意,为纪念”;instead of意为“代替;而不是”;in favor of意为“赞成;支持”;by means of意为“通过;用;借助于”。根据句意“他们举行了纪念阵亡战士的仪式”可知答案为A(from )。

3.After finishing middle school, my sister did nothing ________ at home.A.but to read

B.but read

C.besides reading

D.except to read 3.B。but, except 和besides都有“除„之外”的意思,但没有”,相当于not including.另外,but后面可接不定式to do,但如果but前面有实义动词dbesides是“除„之外,还”的意思,等于in addition to;而except, but 是“除„之外,o的任何形式,不定式省略to。

4.Write your name and address on your bag ________ you lose it.A.in any case

B.in case

C.in no case

D.in that case 4.B。in any case意为“在任何情况下”;in case意为“以防万一,如果”;in no case意为“决不”;in that case意为“如果那样的话”。句意为“在你的包上写上名字和地址以防丢失”。

5.— ________ did the professor give you much advice?

— The choice of a career.A.On what

B.In what

C.What

D.For what

5.A。“教授给你提的什么建议?”“择业”。“关于„的建议”应用介词on。

6.I made coat ______ my own hands.It was made ______ hand not with a machine.A.in;in

B.in;with

C.with;by

D.with;with

6.C。by hand意为“用手工”;with“用”, 表示使用的工具, 手段,如He hit it with a hammer.7.He is running ________ the wind towards the east of the station ________ Tom running ________ the right.A.down;and;on

B.against;with;on

C.for;with;in

D.with;while;to 7.B。against the wind“逆风”;on the right意为“在后边”;介词with与一个复合结构构成短语,用作状语,说明状态、方式等。

8.Not all of us know the difference ________ wheat, oats and barley.A.among

B.between

C.from

D.in

8.B。一般说来,between用于两者之间,among表示三者和三者以上之间。但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西,如果强调的是两两相互间的关系,适用于between.如:The soldier is hidden between the trees.在谈论事物间的差别时总是用between.9.The young singer is quite popular ________ the public.She’s made a remarkable achievement ________ a girl of her age.A.with;to

B.to;for

C.with;for

D.for;to 9.C。词组be popular with意为“受„欢迎”,for“就„而论,比较„而言”。

10.The apple trees have lots of big apples __ them.And some birds are singing __ the trees.A.in;on

B.at;in

C.on;in

D.with;through 10.C。介词on意为“在„之上,依附于”;in意为“(表场所,位置)在„„之内 / 上”in the tree 译为“在树上”。

11.That woman will quarrel ________ everybody ________ anything.A.about;about

B.about;with

C.with;about

11.C。quarrel with sb.about / over意为“和某人争论某事”。句意为“那个女人无论碰到什么事儿, 总是和别人争吵不休”。

12.The weather this month has been good ________.A.on the whole

B.generally speaking

C.above all

D.on one hand 12.A。on the whole意为“总的来说;从总体上看”;generally speaking“一般说来”;above all意为“首先,最重要的”;on one hand意为“一方面”。句意为“这个月的天气基本上是好的”(from )。

13.We should divide all the potatoes ________ two piles and separated the good ones ________ the bad ones.A.from;by

B.into;from

C.into;into

D.from;into 13.B。divide„into和separate„from都有“把„„分开”的意思。但前者指“把整体分成若干部分”,后者指“把连在一起的分开”。

14.They said the building would be completed ________ a year.A.after

B.for

C.in

D.about 14.C。in, after这两个介词都可以用来表达“在若干时间之后”。in 可以用于将来时态或一般过去时态的句子中;after 用于一般过去时,如果表示某时刻之后或某件事之后,则不受时态的限制。

15.— These boxes are too heavy for me to carry.— Here, I’ll give you a hand ________ them.A.for

B.to

C.with

上一篇:野外露营活动通稿下一篇:初中数学课堂中学生核心素养的培养途径