教案2形容词和副词

2024-05-17

教案2形容词和副词(通用6篇)

篇1:教案2形容词和副词

分类说明

形容词和副词是高考中的主要考点,命题的范围常为下列情况:

形容词一般用来说明事物的性质、状态或特征,在句子中一般用作定语、表语、补足

语,有时也可作状语。

1.形容词作定语时,须注意形容词的位置。

单个形容词作定语时,一般位于所修饰的名词或代词之前;但有些形容词,如:awake,alone,asleep等表语形容词作定语时,表示长、宽、高、年龄的形容词,修饰长度单位词或年数单位词时以及修饰由some,any,every,no和body,one,thing等构成的不定代词时,一般放在所修饰词之后;也还有些形容词,如:enough,nearby等作定语时,既可位于所修饰的名词之前,也可位于所修饰的名词之后,意思不变;还有些形容词,如:proper,present,select等作定语时,位于所修饰的词的前后意思不同。

多个形容词作定语时,形容词的排列顺序为:

总括性形容词(all/both)+限制性形容词(指示代词/形容词性物主代词/冠词)+数词(序数词/基数词)+感官(描绘性)形容词+大小+形状+年龄/新旧+颜色+产地+材料+目的/用途/类别+名词或代词。

为了方便记忆:可用一句顺口溜来概括:总县(限)官,大行(形)令(龄),杀(色)国才(材),目的用途名词前。

如:all the first three good little young Chinese student writers(所有首批三位个子矮小年轻优秀的中国学生作家)

such位于不定冠词a/an之前,位于no,some,many,few,one,two等数词之后。

形容词短语作定语时,一般要放在所修饰的名词或代词之后。

…如:students brave enough to take this adventure course/students busy preparing for the final exams。

2副词一般用来描述动作或修饰形容词、副词或整个句子,一般在句中作状语;但也有少数副词,如地点方位副词在句子中可作定语或表语,不过地点方位副词作定语修饰名词或代词时总是位于所修饰的名词或代词之后,如:the people u;stairs.

特别值得注意的是:the/this/that/these/those/one’s +very作定语修饰名词的情况。

3.注意同根副词的情况,如:close/closely;hard/hardy;high/highly等;

4.注意形式是副词实际上是形容词的情况,如:friendly,lively。lovely等:

5.注意副词充当连词的情况,如:immediately,directly,constantly等:

6.注意形容词、副词的比较级.最高级的形式和应用。

(1)比较级+than+名词/代词(确定名词或代词的格)

(2)比较级+and+比较级

(3)the+比较级,the+比较级

(4)(not)as/so+原级+as

(5)否定词+比较级:最高级

(6)the+比较级+n./a+比较级+n.

(7)倍数的表示:

A.数词+ times +as+原级+as

B.数词+times+比较级+than

C.数词+times +the +size/weight/length/width of

(8)最高级+in/of+范围

7.从语境人手,辨析形容词的意义和用法区别。

回放真题

真题1(甘肃、青海卷32)

People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her.________, she is a great musician.

A.After all B.As a result C.In other words D.As usual

【答案及解析】 A 选项A意为“毕竟,”表示尊重客观事实;B表示“结果”;C表示“换句话说”;D表示“像往常那样”。根据句子意思,答案选A,意思是:虽然人们对她看法不一,但“我”还是佩服她,因为她毕竟是个伟大的音乐家。

真题2(2004甘肃、青海卷33)

Lizzie was ________to see her friend off at the airport.

A.a little more than sad B.more than a little sad

C.sad more than a little D.a little more sad than

【答案及解析】 B从比较级的结构上,可看出选项C、D错误,应予以排除;根据句子的意义,选项A(与其悲伤,倒不如有一点)意思不完整;因此答案选B,more表示程度。句子的意思是:Lizzie在机场给朋友送别时有些悲伤。

真题3(2004甘肃、青海卷34)

If you can’t come tomorrow,we’ll ______have to hold the meeting next week.

A.yet B.even C.rather D.just

【答案及解析】 D选项A的意思是:然而,而又,也,还;B是:甚至;C是:相反地,更确切地,颇,相当;D是:就,正好,刚好。根据句子意思:如果你明天不能来,那么会议就推迟到下周召开。故答案选D。

真题4(2004重庆卷33)

The husband gave his wife ________every mob山in order to please her.

A.all half his income B.his half all income

C.half his all income D.all his half income

【答案及解析】 A考查多个形容词作定语的排序。总括性形容词a11/both/no要放在最前面,而half一般要放在冠词或形容词性物主代词之前。据此,答案选A。

真题5(2004广东卷24)

It is ________any wonder that his friend doesn’t like watching television much.

A.no B.such C.nearly D.hardly

【答案及解析】 D根据any可排除选项B、C;选项A与any暗含重复,no=not any/a,也应排除,故正确答案选D。

真题6(2004广东卷29)

Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn’t always ________much to do.

A.such B.that C.more D.very

【答案及解析】 B such虽修饰名词和代词,但当代词是many,much,few,little时,应用so修饰,故排除A;根据句子的意思.不存在比较,且比较时,more与much的顺序错误,从而排除C;选项B中that=SO暗含“一种起码的量”;选项D暗含“虽然不很多,但还是有那么多”。根据句意,答案选B。

真题7(2004广东卷31)

The great success of this programme has been ________due to the support given by the local businessmen.

A.rather B.very C.quickly D.1argely

【答案及解析】 D选项A表示某种超出了人们能接受的程度;选项B只能修饰形容词或副词,而不能修饰动词;选项C表示行动的敏捷;选项D表示一个大的范围或方面。根据句子的意思,答案选D,意思是:这个项目之所以取得成功.在很大的程度上是由于当地商人的支持。

真题8(2004福建卷26)

I’d like to buy a house modern,comfortable,and __________in a quiet neighborhood.

A.in a11 B.above all C.after all D.at a11

【答案及解析】 B选项A的意思是:总计,共计;B的意思是:首先.最重要的是;C的意思是:毕竟,终究;19的意思是:根本,全然(一般用于否定句中)。根据句子的意思,答案选B。

真题9(2004福建卷29)

The number of people present at the concert was ________than expected.There were many tickets left.

A.much smaller B.much more C.much larger D.many more

【答案及解析】A根据英语表示数字的大小的习惯,排除选项B、D;根据下many tickets left的意思,答案选A。

真题10(2004辽宁卷22)

John Smith,a successful businessman,has a _________car.

A.1arge German white B.1arge white German

C.white large German D.German large white

【答案及解析】 B多个形容词作定语时的位置关系,请看分类说明中的解释(总限观,大形龄,色国材,目的用途名词前)。而large表大小,white表颜色,German表国籍。

真题11(2004浙江卷21)

The winter of 1990 was extremely bad.________ most people say it was the worst winter of their lives.

A.At last B.In fact C.In a word D.As a result

【答案及解析】 B选项A表示顺序;B表示补充事实或评价;C表示总结;D表示前面动作的结果。根据句意,答案选B。

真题12(2004浙江卷24)

________students are required to take part in the boat race.

A.Ten strong young Chinese B.Ten Chinese strong young

C.Chinese ten young strong D.Young strong ten Chinese

【答案及解析】 A多个形容词作定语的位置关系请参看前面的分类说明。ten(数词,表限制),strong(描绘性形容词,感官),young(年龄),Chinese(国籍),由此,答案选A。

真题13(2004江苏卷32)

The ________ house smells as if it hasn’t been lived in for years.

A.1ittle white wooden B.1ittle wooden white

C.white wooden little D.wooden white little

【答案及解析】 A本题考查多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序排列。答案为A。

真题14(2004广西卷29)

When we plan our vacation,mother often offers ________suggestions.

A.careful B.practical C.effective D.acceptable

【答案及解析】 B practical:切合实际的。全句意为:当我们计划我们的假日时,妈妈常提出切合实际的建议。故B为正确答案。

真题15(全国[河南、河北、山东、福建]35)

I don’t mind picking up your things from the store.________,the walk will do me good.

A.Sooner or later B.Still C.In time D.Besides

【答案及解析】D本题主要考查副词及插入语。选项A强调时间,意思是:迟早;选项B强调持续,意思是:仍然,依然;选项C意思是:及时,总有一天,终于;选项D强调事物数量的增加,意思是:而且,还有。根据句子的意思,上句说了“我不介意”,而下旬讲的是“对我有好处”,显然是指事物的另一方面,故答案选D。

真题16(全国[河南、河北、山东、福建]33)

Mary kept weighing herself to see how much ________she was getting.

A.heavier B.heavy C.the heavier D.the heaviest

【答案及解析】 A根据语境,句子暗含一个比较状语,Mary一直称体重看比前一次重多少,much修饰比较级。

真题17(2004上海卷32)

He speaks English well indeed,but of course not ________a native speaker.

A.as fluent as B.more fluent than

C.so fluently as D.much fluently than

【答案及解析】C but后是个省略句,可补充为:but of course he don’t speak _____a native speaker.由此可知,空里需要的是个能修饰动词的副词,故排除A、B。而D应该用比较级。故C为正确答案。

真题18(2004上海卷48)

In _________Chinese culture,marriage decisions were often made by parents for their children.

A.traditional B.historic C.remote D.initial

【答案及解析】 A traditional传统的;historic历史的;remote遥远的;initial最初的。由题意可知,A为正确答案。

真题19(2004上海卷51)

Most people on this island are recreational fishers,and________,fishing forms an actual part of their leisure time.

A.accidentally B.purposefully C.obviously D.formally

【答案及解析】 C accidentally偶然地;purposefully故意地;obviously明显地;formally正式地。由Most people可知,答案为C。

真题20(2004四川卷33)

I must be getting fat--I can ________d0 my trousers up.

A.fairly B.hardly C.nearly D.seldom

【答案及解析】 B此题考查副词的用法。选项B表“几乎不”;选项A意思是:相当,颇;C意思是:几乎、差不多;而D表不常做。根据前句must可知:此句表示推测,后句表示前句所推测的依据。那么,选项A、C、D均与句子意思不符。因此答案选B。意思是:我肯定发胖了,因为我的裤子几乎穿不进去了。

真题21(2004天津卷27)

Mr. Smith used to smoke ________but he has given it up.

A.seriously B.heavily C.badly D.hardly

【答案及解析】B选项A强调情况、问题的严重性或严肃性;B强调“量”多,次数频繁;C表示方式不好或情况严重;D表示程度差或次数少。根据连接词but,可排除选项A、C;再根据句意,故答案选B。

真题22(2004湖南卷27)

Everyone Was on time for the meeting _________Chris,who’s usually ten minutes late for everything.

A.but B.only C.even D.yet

【答案及解析】 C根据句子中的破折号,排除选项A;根据句子的意思,后一句是对前一句的补充,进一步强调是Everyone,因此答案选c。句子的意思是:所有的人都准时到会了--甚至连Chris这个做任何事都要迟到10分钟的人都准时来了。

真题23(2004湖南卷29)

That doesn’t sound very frightening,Paul.I’ve seen ________.What did you like most about the film?

A.better B.worse C.best D.worst

【答案及解析】B 这是一个省略句,根据上文,全句应该是:I’ve seen something ________.由此可见,本句是用形容词来修饰不定代词。上文的内容not very frightening显然是对Paul的安慰,接着提出了一个更可怕的事情,意思是:听起来,那还不很可怕,我见过更可怕的事情呢。

真题24(2004上海春季卷32)

I have worked with him for some time and have found that he is ________than John.

A.more efficiently a worker B.a more efficient worker

C.more an efficient worker D.a worker more efficiently

【答案及解析】 B修饰名词worker应用形容词,efficient的比较级是more efficient。

真题25(2004上海春季卷34)

_________,some famous scientists have the questions of being both careful and careless.

A.Strangely enough B.Enough strangely

C.Strange enough D.Enough strange

【答案及解析】 A作状语修饰句子时,用副词形式,排除c、D;enough修饰形容词、副词时,需放在所修饰的词的后面。

真题26(全国卷23)

Allen had to call a taxi because the box was ________to carry all the way home.

A.much too heavy B.too much heavy

C.heavy too much D. too heavy much

【答案及解析】A考查副词修饰形容词。much可作形容词和副词,当作副词时不可修饰原级形容词,但可修饰副词too;作为副词的too则可修饰原级形容词,即much too+形容词“实在太……;非常……”。而too much“太多;过分”可修饰不可数名词、动词或单独使用作表语,两者意义大相径庭。该句用much too修饰heavy,构成too...to结构,故选A。译文:阙为箱子太重了,Mien难以一路搬回家,所以只好租了辆出租车。

真题27(2003北京卷32)

Our neighbor has ________ours.

A.as a big house as B.as big a house as

C.the same big house as D.a house the same big as

【答案及解析】B本题考查as...as结构,前一个as是副词,用来修饰形容词;后一个as是连词,用来连接比较状语从句,其正确语序为as big a house as。另外注意:same在这里是形容词,不能修饰形容词或副词,所以C、D错误。

真题28(2003上海卷34)

We were in ________when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.

A.a rush so anxious B.a such anxious rush

C.so an anxious rush D.such an anxious rush

【答案及解析】D so和such都有“如此”的意思,但so修饰形容词,正确词序是:so anxious a rush。such修饰名词,正确词序是:such all anxious rush。

真题29(2003北京春季卷30)

--I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a ear cut in and knocked me down.

--You can never be ________careful in the street.

A.much B.very C.so D.too

【答案及解析】 D否定词not/no/never +too/enough结构表示“再怎么……也不过分”或“越……越好”。译文:在街上(骑自行车)你越小心越好。

真题30(2003北京春季卷33)

--You don’t look very ________.Are you ill?

--No,I’m just a bit tired.

A.good B.well C.strong D.healthy

【答案及解析】 B从题意看,look在这里是系动词(看上去,看起来)后应加形容词,四个选项的词性均符合,但good是指人品好坏或东西好坏;strong则表示结实、强壮,与题意不符;healthy“健康的,健壮的”;well可作形容词和副词,作形容词时表示“健康的;气色好”,用于修饰人。

真题31(2003安徽春季卷26)

Four of Robert’s children were at the party,including ________,Luke.

A.the eldest B.an oldest one C.the old D.an old one

【答案及解析】 A三者或三者以上相比较用最高级,其形式为“the+形容词最高级”。

真题32(2003上海春季卷21)

Many students signed up for the ________race in the sports meeting to be held next week.

A.800-metre-long B.800-metres-long

C.800 metre length D.800 metres length

【答案及解析】A长、宽、高及年龄等作定语修饰名词时位置可在前也可在后,在前面时要注意加连字符“.”,其中单位名词用单数,其形式为:数字一单位名称单数长、宽、高等。如放在后面,不用连字符,数词大于1要用复数。从题干看,800米远的比赛应为800-meter-long。

真题33(2003上海春季卷25)

After supper she would sit down by the fire,sometimes for ________an hour,thinking of her young and happy days.

A.as long as B.as soon as

C.as much as D.as many as

【答案及解析】A as long as表示时间或物体的长度,或作连词,意思是“只要”:as soon as表示“……就……”;as much as和as many as都表示数量多达……,但前者修饰不可数名词或表程度,而后者则修饰可数名词。

真题34(全国卷27)

Boris has brains.in fact.I doubt whether anyone in the class has ________IQ.

A.a high B.a higher C.the higher D.the highest

【答案及解析】 B have brains意思是“有头脑,有智慧”,根据上下文的意思,下文中的anyone in the class与上文中Boris进行比较,选项A不是比较级,而选项D是最高级,因此都应排除;选项C指两者中一个智商更高的人,与题意不符;选项B指三者或三者以上的人中一个智商更高的人,与题意相符。

真题35(2002北京卷26)

All the people ________at the party were his supporters.

A.present B.thankful C.interested D.important

【答案及解析】 A present作形容词的意思是“出席的,在场的”。通常用present at the party,present at the meeting。译文:参加聚会的人都是他的支持者。

真题36(2002北京卷30)

It was raining heavily.Little Mary felt cold,so she stood ________to her mother.

A.close B.closely C.closed D.closing

【答案及解析】A先根据动词的搭配关系,可排除c、D两个选项;选项A可作动词、形容词或副词,作副词时,意思是“近地,靠近,接近”;而选项B也是副词,它是由close +ly而来,意思是“亲密地,密切地”。再根据句子的意思,选出正确答案A。译文:天下着大雨,Little Mary感到很冷,所以她紧紧站在母亲身旁。

真题37(2002上海卷26)

As far as I am concerned.education is about learning and the more you learn,_________

A.the more for life are you equipped B.the more equipped for life yon am

C.the more life you are equipped for D.you are equipped the more for life

【答案及解析】 B从所提供的情境the more you learn,并结合所给的选项可以确定这是“the+形容词(副词)的比较级+陈述句,the+形容词(副词)的比较级+陈述句”句型,表示“越……越……”。译文:我认为,教育是关于学习的事,你学得越多,你对生活准备得就越充分。the more equipped for lm的意思是 “对生活有充分的准备”。

真题38(2002京、蒙、皖春季卷22)

--I’m very ________with my own cooking.It looks nice and smells delicious.

--Mm,it does have a ________smell.

A.pleasant;pleased B.pleased;pleased

C.pleasant;pleasant D.pleased;pleasant

【答案及解析】D pleased“感到高兴;感到满意”,常用来形容人,be pleased with sth;pleasant“令人愉快的”,常用来形容物,a pleasant smell“香味”。

真题39(2002京、蒙、皖春季卷34)

Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea._____,neither of them could swim.

A.In fact B.Luckily C.Unfortunately D.Naturally

【答案及解析】 C in fact常用来表示与上文不相符的某件事;luckily常用来表示一种好的结果;unfortunately常用来表示一种不好的结果;naturally表示一种理所当然的结果。根据下文的意思,只有选项C正确。

真题40(2002上海春季卷39)

Americans eat ________ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.

A.more than twice B.as twice as many

C.twice as many as D.more than twice as many

【答案及解析】 D不论哪种形式的比较级,其修饰词均应放在前面。More than twice表示数量,放在as…as结构前的意思是“是……的两倍多”。译文:美国人现在每人所吃的蔬菜是19的两倍多。

真题4l(全国卷28)

It is generally believed that teaching is ________it is a science.

A.an art much as B.much an art as

C.as an art much as D.as much an art as

【答案及解析】 D在as/so…as…结构中,第一个as/so是副词,后接形容同;第二个as是连接词,后接句子。其正确语序为as much an art as。译文:人们普遍相信,教学像科学一样是一门艺术。

真题42(2001上海卷26)

In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go,__________.

A.our holiday will be better B.our holiday will be the better

C.the better our holiday will be D.the better will our holiday be

【答案及解析】C “the+比较级…,the+比较级...”的意思是“越……越……”。由于选项A、B和D的词序都不对,故排除。译文:近年来,旅游公司成功地向我们推销了这样一个观点:我们走得越远,我们的假期过得越好。

真题43(2001上海卷36)

As I know,there is ________ car in this neighborhood.

A.no such B.no a C.not such D.no such a

【答案及解析】A such与no,some,many,one,two等词连用时的顺序是:no,man),,one等词+such+名词。no等于not a,放在名词前修饰名词,表示否定。选项C若改为not such a就正确。译文:据我所知,周围没有这样的汽车。答案为A。

真题44(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷19)

Many people have helped with canned food,however,the food bank needs ________for the poor.

A.more B.much C.many D.most

【答案及解析】 A根据句意,很多人已在帮着提供罐装食品,however又告诉人们这还不够,意思是说:食品储库需要更多(不仅是canned food),因此要用比较级,more最合适。答案为A。

真题45(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷22)

In that case,there is nothing you can do ________than wait.

A.more B.other C.better D.any

【答案及解析】 B other than多用于否定词之后,等于except、but(表示所说的不包括在内)后边的动词为to do,如前面有do和nothing时,to省略。此句意是:在那种情况下,你除了等待别无它法。

真题46(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷23)

I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a(an) ________trick.

A.ordinary B.easy C.smart D.simple

【答案及解析】D依句意,选出正确答案.应为“简单的”。从surprised可知因对方被如此简单的花招愚弄而感到吃惊。

真题47(全国卷8)

______to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.

A.Brave enough students B.Enough brave students

C.Students brave enough D.Students enough brave

【答案及解析】 C students为名词作主语。单个形容词作定语,则应放在名词的前面;较长的形容词短语修饰名词时~般要放在后面。enough为副词,放在形容词或副词的后面。

真题48(2000全国卷11)

It’s always difficult being in a foreign country,________if you don’t speak the language.

A.extremely B.naturally C.basically D.especially

【答案及解析】D especially特别地。从句意看出应填especially,强调不会说那个国家的语言会感到更加困难。extremely极端地;naturally自然地;basically基本上。

真题49(2000全国卷16)

If you want to change for a double room you’11 have to pay ________8 15.

A.another B.other C,more D.each

【答案及解析】 A表示数量增加的结构有:another+数词+名词;数词+more/other+名词,意思是:另外,又有。another的意思是“再一,又……”。在一般情况下,another后接单数名词,但如果复数名词前有具体的数字,也可以和another连用。more放在数字前时,正确的形式是mole than,意思是“……多个”。答案为A。

真题50(2000上海卷34)

You’re standing too near the camera.Can you move ________?

A.a bit far B.a little farther C.a bit of farther D.a little far

【答案及解析】 B too near的意思是“太近了”,说话人的意图是让对方站得比这远一点,所以要用副词的比较级。译文:你站得太靠近镜头了。你能离远一点吗? a bit of后接名词。

篇2:教案2形容词和副词

当两种物体之间相互比较时,我们要用形容词或副词的比较级;

当相互比较的物体是三个或三个以上时,我们就要用形容词或副词的最高级。

形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的变化规律: 1.单音节形容词或副词后面直接加-er或-est tall—taller—tallest fast—faster—fastest 2.以-e结尾的单音节形容词或副词直接加-r或-st large—larger—largest nice—nicer—nicest 3.以-y结尾的形容词或副词,改-y为-i再加-er或-est busy—busier—busiest early—earlier—earliest 4.形容词或副词是重读闭音节时,双写最后的辅音字母,再加-er或-est hot—hotter—hottest big—bigger—biggest 5.多音节形容词或副词前面直接加more或most delicious—more delicious—most delicious beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful 6.不规则变化

good(well)—better—best bad(badly)—worse—worst

常用的不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级: bad worse worst far farther(further)farthest(只指距离)(furthest)(用处较广)good better best little less least many/much more most old elder(older)eldest(仅指人)(oldest)(指人和物)形容词前如加 less 和 least 则表示“较不”和“最不” important 重要 less important 较不重要 least important 最不重要

farther/farthest和further/furthest这些形式都可以指距离。further同样可以指“另外的/更多的”,主要和抽象名词一起用:

Further education will be meaningful.很快会得到更多的供应。

Further discussion would be pointless.继续讨论/辩论是无意义的。I am too tired to go farther.elder,eldest;older,oldest elder和eldest主要表示的是长幼顺序而非年龄大小。主要用于表示家庭成员之间的长幼关系,如my elder brother(我的兄长/哥哥),her eldest boy/girl(她的长子/长女)。但在than前不能用elder,只能用older: He is older than I am.他比我年龄大。

A、形容词的原级可与as„as连用表示“和„„同样„„”,与not as/so„as连用表不“不如„„那样„„”:

A boy of sixteen is often as tall as his father.一个16岁的男孩常长得和他父亲一样高。He was as white as a sheet.他面色苍白如纸。

Your coffee is not as/so good as my mother’s.你煮的咖啡不如我母亲煮的好。

几个关于as...as的常见句型:

(1)as...as possible 尽

可能

Please answer my question as soon as possible.请尽快回答我的问题。

(2)as...as usual/before 像往常一样 像以前一样

She looks as pretty as before.她看起来和以前一样漂亮。

(3)长达as long as...(引导条件状语从句)只要

It took us as long as three years to carry out the plan.我们花了长达三年的时间才完成这项计划。

(4)as far as 远至

He walked as far as the railway station yesterday evening.昨天傍晚,他一直散步到火车站。

(5)as well as

She cooks as well as her mother does.她烧菜烧得跟她母亲一样好。

一些带有as...as结构的常见短语归纳:

as busy as a bee像蜜蜂一样忙碌

as easy as ABC像ABC一样容易

as deep as a well像井一样深

as light as a feather像羽毛一样轻

as soft as butter像黄油一样软

as rich as a Jew像犹太人一样富裕

形容词比较级的用法: 形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,其结构形式如下: 主语+谓语(系动词)+ 形容词比较级+than+ 对比成分。也就是, 含有形容词比较级的主句+than+从句。注意从句常常省去意义上和主句相同的部分, 而只剩下对比的成分。Our teacher is than we are.我们老师的个子比我们的高。

It is today than it was yesterday.今天的天气比昨天暖和。

This picture is than that one.这张照片比那张照片漂亮。

This meeting is than that one.这次会议不如那次会议重要。The sun is than the moon.太阳比月亮大得多。

形容词最高级的用法: 形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较, 其结构形式为: 主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。

She is student her class.她是班上最好的学生。

Shanghai is one of cities China.上海是中国最大城市之一 This is apple I have ever met.这是我见到的最大的苹果。

Tom is boy in his basketball team.汤姆是他们篮球队中个子最高的孩子。

2.“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越„„”

如:It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.春天来了,天气变得越来越暖和了。

It is getting cooler and cooler.天气越来越凉爽。

The wind became more and more heavily.风变得越来越大。

Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的学校变得越来越美丽。

3.在含有or的选择疑问句中,如果有两者供选择,前面的形容词要用比较级形式。

如:Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高,Tim还是Tom?

4.“the +比较级„„, the+比较级”,表示“越„„越„„”。

The more money you make, the more you spend.钱你赚得越多,花得越多。

The harder you work,the more you get.The sooner,the better.越快越好。

5.如果在两者之间表示“最„„”时要在比较级前加the,而且还用of the two, of the pair短语:

John is the cleverer of the two boys.Of the two boys, John is the cleverer

6.表示倍数的比较级用法:

① A is „times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.如:Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)

③.A is „times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.如:Our school is twice bigger than yours.我们学校比你们学校大两倍。

7.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较,表示“最„„”的意思。

句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如:of the three, in our class等等。

如:He is the tallest in our class.他在我们班里是最高的。

8.比较级与最高级的转换:

Mike is the most intelligent in his class.Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class 9.修饰比较级

①.a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, a great deal, any, still, even等。very quite

注意事项:比较等级应注意避免和包括自己的对象比。比较级+than+

any other + 单数名词 all the other + 复数名词 anyone else any of the other + 复数名词

要避免重复使用比较级。

(错)He is more cleverer than his brother.(对)He is more clever than his brother.(对)He is cleverer than his brother.9.要避免将主语含在比较对象中。

(错)China is larger than any country in Asia.(对)China is larger than any other country in Asia.10.要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则。

The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.He likes playing chess more than watching TV.与看电视相比,他更喜欢下棋

It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.1.Summer is _______(hot)season of the year.2.Shanghai is one of _______(big)cities in the world.3.The Huanghe River isn’t so _______(long)as the Changjiang River.4.Who is _______(tall), the girl or the boy? 5.I think English is _______(interesting)than math.6.The more, the _______(good).7.The people’s life in Southern Africa is getting _______ and _______(bad).8.Things are much _______(light)on the moon than on the earth.9.He is _______(old)of the two brothers.10.The car driver is very _______(careful)when he is driving.1.Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _______(clever).2.Gold(黄金)is ______(little)useful than iron(铁).3.My sister is two years _______(old)than I.4.John’s parents have four daughters, and she is the _____(young)child.5.The _____(cheap)bags are the not usually the best ones.6.The short one is by far _______ expensive of the five.7.The boy is not so ______(interesting)as his brother.8.Dick sings _____(well), she sings ______(well)than John, but Mary sings______(well)in her class.9.She will be much ______(happy)in her mew house.10.This dress is ______ that.(twice, as„as„, expensive)

1.Bob never does his homework_____ Mary.He makes lots of mistakes.A.so careful as B.as carefully as C.carefully as D.as careful as 2.___ I look at the picture, ____ I like it.A.The best;the more B.The more;the less C.The more;less D.More;the more 3.I like___ one of the two books.A.the older B.oldest C.the oldest D.older 4.China has a large population than __ in the world.A.all the countries B.every country C.any country D.any other country 5.Which is___country, China or Japan? A.the large B.the larger C.larger D.largest 6.The sick boy is getting __ day by day.A.worse B.bad C.badly C.worst 7.This necklace looks __ and sells.A.well, well B.good, nice C.nice, good D.nice, well 8.Of the two cups, he bought.A.the smaller B.the smallest C.small D: smaller 9.Usually Xiao Li spends __ time doing homework than XiaoChen does.A.little B less C.few D.fewer 10.A horse is __ than a dog.A.much heavy B.more heavier C.much heavier D.more heavy 11.Which is __ season in Beijing? I think it’s spring.A.good B.well C.best D.the best 12.What animal do like ___? I like all kinds of animals.A.better B.best C.very D.well 13.Hainan is a very large island.It’s the second island in China.A.large B.larger C.largest D.most large 14.The jacket was so___ that he decided to buy it.A.much B.little C.expensive D.cheap 15.Our classroom is____ larger than theirs.A.more B.quite C.very D.much 16.These children are ____ this year than they were last year.A.more tall B.more taller C.very taller D.much taller 17.My mother is no ___ young.A.shorter B.longer C.little D.few 18.Your room is ___ than mine.A.three time big B.three times big C.three times bigger D.bigger three times 19.His father is____than his mother.;A.older four years B.as four years older C.four years older D.bigger four years 20.Maths is more popular than____.A.any other subject B.all the subjects C.any subject D.other subject 21.China is larger than ____ in Africa.A.any other country B.other countries C.the other country D.any country 22.I think science is _ than Japanese.A.much important B.important C.much more important D.more much important 23.When spring comes, it gets____.A.warm and warm B.colder and colder C.warmer and warmer D.shorter and shorter 24.I think the story is not so ___ as that one.A.interesting B.interested C.more interesting D.most interesting 25.At last he began to cry ___.A.hard and hard B.more hard and more hard C.harder and harder D.less hard and less harder 26.When spring comes the days get ____ and nights ____.A.short;long B.long;short C.longer;shorter D.shorter;longer 27.___ I look at the picture, ____ I like it.A.The best;the more B.The more;the less C.The more;less D.More;the more 28.___ he read the book, ____ he got in it.A.The more;the more interesting B.The less;the more interesting C.The more;the more interested D.More;more interested 30.When we speak to people, we should be.A.as polite as possible B.as polite as possibly C.as politely as possible D.as politely as possibly 31.This book is____ that one, but____ than that one.A.as difficult as;expensive B.as more difficult as;more expensive C.as difficult as;more expensive D.more difficult as;as expensive()32.Who jumped____of all? A.far B.farther C.farthest D.the most far()33.Li Lei is___ student in our class.A.tall B.taller C.tallest D.the tallest()34.The fifth orange is____ of all.Give it to that small child.A.big B.bigger C.the bigger D.the biggest()35.Who is---of you three? A.the oldest B.much older C.oldest D.older()36.Tom is one of ____ boys in our class.A.tallest B.taller C.the tallest B.the tall()37.English is one of____ spoken in the world.A.the important languages B.the most important languages C.most important language D.the most important language()38.Beijing is one of____ in China.A.the largest city B.the large cities C.the larger cities D.the largest cities()

39、We are very ________ at the ________ message.A、surprising, surpried

B、surprised, surprising

C、surprise, surprised

()40、After the _______ job, we felt very ________.A、tiring, tired

B、tired, tiring

C、tire, tiring

篇3:英语形容词和副词的作用及位置

1. 形容词的作用

形容词是用来说明人或事物特征的词, 在句中常作以下成分:

(1) 作表语:

放在be动词或系动词之后。如:

The sweater is very expensive.

The day gets long and the night gets short now.

注意:表语形容词在句中只作表语, 不作定语。如:afraid, asleep, alone, awake, glad等词。如:

This is an asleep cat. (误)

The lovely cat is asleep. (正)

(2) 作定语:

形容词作定语时修饰名词或代词。修饰名词时, 常放在名词的前面;而修饰由some, any, no, every与one, body, thing, where组成的复合不定代词时, 常将形容词放在这些不定代词的后面。如:

He has a beautiful bike.

Is there anything wrong with the computer?

(3) 作主语补足语和宾语补足语:

表示事物的状态或事情的结果, 放在主语和宾语后面。如:

We should keep our city clean and safe. (宾补) Liu Hulan died very young. (主补)

(4) 作名词:

有些形容词与定冠词the连用, 表示一类人或事物。指人时, 用复数动词;指物或抽象概念时, 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如:

The good in him outweighs the bad.

The Chinese are very hard-working.

另外, 有些形容词与数量词形成短语, 作表语或定语, 即:基数词+名词+形容词。如:

The boy is ten years old. (作表语)

This is a ten-year-old boy. (作定语)

2. 副词的作用

副词是用来表示行为或性质特征的词。在句中作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。

(1) 作表语:

表方向的副词 (up, down, in, out, on, away等) 和表位置的副词 (inside, outside, upstairs, downstairs, above, below等) 可在句中作表语。如:

My schoolbag is upstairs.

(2) 作定语:

副词作定语时, 常放在被修饰的词之后。如:

The potatoes here are very big.

(3) 作状语:

副词作状语时, 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。如:

The people are flying kites quietly. (quietly修饰flying)

How time flies! (how修饰整个句子)

(4) 作宾语补足语。如:

Ask him downstairs, please.

二、有些形容词和副词在句中的位置

1. 形容词的位置

(1) 单个形容词修饰名词时, 放在名词的前面;而形容词短语修饰名词时, 则放在名词的后面。如:

This is a house big to live in.

(2) enough作形容词修饰名词时, 可放在名词的前面或后面, 而作副词修饰形容词时要放在形容词的后面。如:

They have enough time to play football. (作形容词)

The girl isn’t old enough to go to school. (作副词)

(3) else修饰疑问词或不定代词时放在他们的后面。如:

Where else do you want to go?

Anything else?

2. 副词的位置

(1) 有些副词 (often, usually, never, always等) 常放在be动词、情态动词或助动词之后, 实义动词之前。如:

I often go to school on foot.

He has never been to Beijing.

(2) 时间副词、地点副词一般放在句末。如果时间副词和地点副词同时出现在一个句子中时, 地点副词在前, 时间副词在后。如:

We will go to Lanzhou tomorrow.

(3) 少数副词放在句子的前面。如:

篇4:形容词和副词易错题型透析

1.(1995年上海卷)We don’t care if a hunting dog smells——,but we really don’twant him to smell——,

A.well,well

B.bad,bad

C.well,badly D.badly,bad

【易误透析】容易误选B,认为两个smell均为连系动词,后接形容词作表语。这是1995年的一道上海高考题,最佳答案为D。句中的第一个smell为实义动词,意为“闻气味”、“嗅觉”,smell badly意为“嗅觉差”;第二个smell为连系动词,意为“闻起来(有某种气味)”,smell bad意为“闻起来气味难闻”。句意为:“我们并不介意一条猎狗的嗅觉不好,但我们的确不希望它身上有味道。”

【解题指导】做这类题目时,要注意区分形容词和副词的不同作用,根据句子结构的需要推断所需是形容词还是副词。作定语、表语和补语时,要用形容词,修饰行为动词、形容词、副词、过去分词及整个句子时,要用副词作状语。

二、比较级、最高级的易错点

1.(1998年全国卷)Professor White has written SOrtie short stories,but he is——known for his plays,

A.thP hPstB.moreC.most,betterD.the

【易误透析】容易误选D。此题首先不宜选B或D,因为well known的比较级和最高级通常是better known和best known,有时也可以是more well known和most well known,但通常不能是more known和most known。至于是选A还是C,这就要看语境。由于句中涉及的只有stories和plays两个对象,故应选比较级,答案C。

2.(2011年陕西卷)The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be———the present one,

A.as three times big as

B.three times as big as

C.as big as three times D.as big three times as

【易误透析】B as.as句型表示同级比较,倍数three times作程度状语,应该放在第一个as之前。

【解题指导】有关比较句型的题目应注意以下几点:

(1)掌握比较级的几个热点句型:

①同级比较句型:“as+原级+as”

②不同级比较句型:“not as/so+原级+as”

③表示一者程度超过另一者的句型:“比较级+than”

④表示一者的程度不如另一者的句型:“less+原级+than”

⑤表示“越来越……”的句型:“比较级+and+比较级”

⑥表示“越……,就越……”的句型:“the+比較级,the+比较级”

(2)做题时,要分析语境含义和句子结构,明确题目符合哪一个句型的需要,要确保句型使用正确,如as...as中间是否是形容词或副词的原级、less后面是否错用了比较级等。

(3)比较级前常有副词或短语作程度状语,但very/quite/fairly不用来修饰比较级。

(4)比较句型中还常用名词、数词和倍数作状语,一定要把这些状语放在比较级前或同级比较的第一个as前。

三、形容词和副词的用法辨析

1.Come and see me whenever——

A.you are convenient

B.you will be convenient

C.it is convenient to you

D.it will be convenient to you

【易误透析】

容易误选A,因为许多同学将汉语中的“如果你方便的话”直译为if youare convenient。最佳答案为C,因为英语中的convenient不是表示“感到方便的”而是表示“使人感到方便的”,所以be convenient的主语通常不能是“人”。要表示“如果你方便的话”,英语通常if it is convenient for(to)you,其中的介词可用for或to,但一般不用with。顺便说一句,偶尔也可见到用人或物作be convenient的主语,但此时的句子必须具备这样的特点:句子主语是其后不定式的逻辑宾语,例如:

Mary is convenient to see 0n Sunday,/It is convenient to see Mary on Sunday,星期天去见玛丽较为方便。

The furniture is convenient to move,/It is convenient to move the furniture,这家具搬起来很方便。

2.(2010年陕西卷)Studies show that people are more——to suffer from back prob-lems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours,

A.1ikely

B.possible

C.probable D.sure

【易误透析】B、C、D三项均有可能被选择。根据句意首先排除D;再根据上面一题的分析,排除A和C;也就是说,此题最佳答案为B。注意likely的用法,它与possible所用句型不同,请看实例:

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Are we likely to arrive in time?我们会及时赶到吗?

It’s very likely that he will ring me tonight,今晚他很可能会给我来电话。

3.(2009年天津卷)It was a nice house,but——too small for a family of live,

A.rarelyB.fairlyC.ratherD.pretty

【易误透析】A、B、D三项都有可能误选。只有rather可以与比较级以及副词too连用。rather意为“相当,有点儿”;rarely意为“很少,难得”;fairly意为“公平的,公正的,正当的”;pretty意为“相当”。答案是C。

【解题指导】做这类题要明确形容词和副词的用法区别。

四、有关形容词和副词的习惯表达

1. We were two hours late that day,which was due t0 the——,

A.crowded traffic

B.crowded traffics

C.busy trafficD.busy traffics

【易误透析】容易误选A,因为许多同学将汉语中的“拥挤的交通”直译为crowdedtraffic(s);由于traffic不可数,排除含traffics的选项,所以许多考生便选定答案A。

其实,此题的最佳答案是C,因为英语的traffic习惯上不用crowded修饰,而用busy或h。avy修饰,以说明“交通”的“拥挤”。类似这样的在修饰语方面需特别注意的还有:

(1)汉语的“绿茶”说成英语是green tea,但相应的“红茶”却是black tea而不是red tea。

(2)可说thick soup(浓汤),但不说thick coffee(tea);要表示“浓咖啡(茶)”,可用strong coffee(tea)。

(3)可说thin soup(稀汤),但不说thin coffee(tea);要表示“淡咖啡(茶)”,可用weak coffee(tea)。

五、有关than的短语

1.(2011年全国卷)The form cannot be signed by anyone——yourseff,

A.rathPr than

B.other than

C.more than D,hetter than

【易误透析】容易误选A、c、D。句意为:“这张表格只能由你本人签字。”ratherfhan意为“而不”;other than意为“除了”,相當于but和except;more than意为“不仅仅”:better than意为“比…多、好”。故选B。

2.You are——careful than your brother,You two can’t do the work that needs careand skill,

A.not more

B.no more

C.not less D.no less

【易误透析】容易误选A。

【解题指导】要做对此题,首先要正确理解以下结构的含义:

not more…than=不如……

no more…than=和……一样不(否定两者)

not less…than=不如……不(即指不如less后形容词的反面)

no less…than=和……一样(肯定两者)

比较以下各句的意思:

You are more careful than he is.你比他仔细。

You are not more careful than he is.你不如他仔细。

You are no more careful than he is.你和他一样不仔细。

You are less careful than he is.你不如他仔细(你比他粗心)。

You are not less careful than he is.你比他仔细(你不如他粗心)。

You are n0 less careful than he is.你和他一样仔细。

通过以上分析,再结合句子语境,可知第2题最佳答案为B。

同类异质比较:即指同一个人或事物(同类)在两个不同的方面(异质)进行比较,这类句子常译为“(更多的)是……,而不是”、“与其……不如……”等。例如:

He was more lucky than clever.他是靠运气而不是靠聪明。

She was more surprised than angry.她感到更多的是惊讶而不是生气。

This is more a war movie than a western.这更应当说是一部战争片,而不是西部片。

按英语习惯,在进行同类异质比较时,只能用more构成比较级,不能用-er形式,即使是单音节词也是如此。

篇5:形容词和副词,介词,连词

考试要求:

形容词和副词的中考要求是:形容词改为副词(根据句子的需要);形容词和副词的比较级和最高级;某些特殊变化的形容词和副词的比较级(little-less-least等);形容词的同级比较(as/ so...as...的用法);形容词比较级的叠加句型(如:The more you study,the better you will get)。

知识总结:

1.形容词的知识点:

形容词是用来形容和修饰名词的一类词。大多数形容词具有比较级,形容词的位置一般在其修饰的名词前面。形容词在句子中一般可以作定语、表语和宾语补足语等。

例如:

I want to buy a green sweater.我想买一件绿色的毛衣。(定语)

Our headmaster is ill again.我们的校长又生病了。(表语)

My dog’s death made me very sad.(宾语补足语)

形容词的种类一般有:

(1)简单的形容词有:good 好的,green 绿色的,long 长的,bright 明亮的(2)带有前缀a-的形容词:例如:afraid 害怕的,alike 相同的,asleep 睡觉的

(3)由动词的分词构成的形容词:interesting 有兴趣的,exciting 令人兴奋的;tired 疲劳的

spoiled 宠坏的。

(4)复合形容词:数词+名词+形容词,如:five-year-old 五岁的;

名词+现在分词,如:heart-breaking 令人伤心的;

形容词+现在分词,如:good-looking 英俊的。

2.副词的知识点:

副词经常用来作状语,修饰动词或者形容词,副词或整个句子,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。

例如:

Your mother spoke to us politely.你妈妈非常有礼貌地给我们说话。

Luckily, we met our English teacher at the gate of the school.幸运的是,我们在校门口遇到了我们英语老师。

副词还可以作表语、宾语补足语和定语等,副词作定语常需放在所修饰词的后面。例如:

Life here is busy and interesting.这里的生活繁忙而有趣。

3.形容词和副词的比较等级:

形容词和副词一般有三个等级,即原级、比较级和最高级。一般来说,表示两者同等或不同等程度时用原级,通常用“as + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as...”或“not as(so)+ 形容词/ 副词原级 + as...”的结构。

例如:

My brother is as tall as I.我弟弟和我一样高。

I will run as fast as I can.我尽可能跑(和我能跑的速度一样快)。

The weather in Beijing is not so hot as that in Wuhan.北京没有武汉热。

表示两者的比较时用比较级,通常用“形容词/ 副词比较级+than”的结构。

例如:

I am much better than I was yesterday.我比昨天好多了。

Math is less interesting than English.数学不如英语有兴趣。

表示一定范围内两者以上的比较时,用最高级,通常用“the + 形容词/ 副词最高级(+名词)+ of(in)...”的结构,只是副词最高级前可省去定冠词the。

例如:

This is the busiest day of the week.这是我本周最繁忙的一天。

My sister sings best in my family.我妹妹是我们家唱歌最好的。

4.形容词和副词的比较级变化规则:

规则变化:

(1)单音节词直接在其后面加-er/-est。例如:tall-taller-tallest hard-harder-hardest(2)以字母e结尾的单音节词在其后面直接加-r/-st。例如:brave-braver-bravest。(3)以一个辅音字母结尾闭音节单音节词,双写这个辅音字母再加-er/-est。

例如:big-bigger-biggest;hot-hotter-hottest。

(4)以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词,先把y改为i,再加-er/-est。

例如:happy-happier-happiest。

(5)其他双音节词和多音节的词,在前面加more和most。例如:

interesting-more interesting-most interesting;

carefully-more carefully-most carefully 不规则变化:

good/well-better-best bad/ill-worse-worst

many/much-more-most little-less-least

far-farther-farthest

badly-worse-worst

5.形容词和副词的比较级的其他用法:

(1)在同级比较的结构as/ so+原级+as...的前面可用just,almost,nearly和half等表示程度。

例如:He doesn’t study half so hard as you.他学习努力的程度不如你的一半。

(2)两者相比表示倍数的时候用twice(...times)as+原级+as结构。

例如:His mistakes are twice as many as yours in the homework.他家庭作业的错误是你的二倍。

(3)比较级前面可以用many,much,far,a little,a bit,a lot等词修饰表示程度。

例如:The sun is much bigger than the earth.太阳比地球大多了。

We will come back a little later.我们会稍迟一点回来。

(4)比较级的前面可以用any和no来修饰。

例如:We were too tired to walk any farther.我们太疲劳了不能再走很远了。

He was no longer a child.他不再是一个小孩子。

(5)两个形容词和副词的比较级可以叠加表示“越来越”的意思。

其结构可以是:比较级+and+比较级,而多音节词可以用more and more+比较级结构。

例如:The days are getting longer and longer.天正变得越来越长了。

Your sister becomes more and more beautiful.你的妹妹变得越来越漂亮了。

(6)如果表示“越„„,就越„„”可以用“the+比较级„„,the+比较级„„”的结构。

例如:The harder you works, the more you will get.你越努力学习,你得到的就越多。

(7)当比较的双方属于同一范围内时候,用other或者else排除自己,因为自己不能和自己比较。

例如:Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.上海比中国其他的城市大。

如果比较的双方不属于同一范围内时候,则不存在和自己比较的情况,所以可以不用other或者

else。

例如:Shanghai is bigger than any city in Heilongjiang.上海比黑龙江的任何城市都大。

易错点点拨:

1.比较级的形式误用。

(1)Your room is more and more dirty.You had better clean it.〔解析〕本句子是考查形容词的比较级叠加的用法。形容词dirty是以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,它的比较级的叠加不能用more and more+形容词,应该用dirtier and dirtier,所以把more and more dirty改为dirtier and dirtier。

(2)Our school is becoming more beautiful and more beautiful.〔解析〕本句子是考查形容词的比较级叠加的用法。形容词beautiful是多音节的形容词, 所以它的比较级的叠加用more and more+形容词的结构。所以去掉第一个beautiful。

2.比较级的修饰词用法混淆。

My English is very better than yours.〔解析〕本句子是考查形容词比较级前的修饰词的用法。形容词的比较级前面可以用many,much,far,a little,a bit,a lot等词修饰表示程度。但不能用very,所以把very改为much。

3.形容词和副词比较级、最高级的用法相混淆。

I think the car is fastest of all the three.〔解析〕本句子是考查形容词的最高级的用法,形容词的最高级前面用定冠词the,副词的最高级前可以不用定冠词the。所以fastest前加the。

4.比较的对象不一致。

The weather in Beijing is worse than Shanghai.〔解析〕本句子是考查形容词的比较级用法,两者相比的对象必须一致,北京的天气必须和上海的天气相比。所以把Shanghai改为that in Shanghai,用that代替上文提到的weather,以避免重复。

5.形容词和副词用法混淆。

My English teacher always talks friendly with us.我们英语老师总是友好地和我们交谈。

〔解析〕本句子是考查副词修饰动词的用法,但是friendly是形容词。应把friendly改为in a friendly way。

中考复习三

介词和连词

介词

考查要求:

主要体现在单项选择和完形填空中,涉及的题目多,考查的范围广,主要考查介词的基 本意义,意义相近的介词辨析、固定搭配等。

知识总结:

1.介词的概念

介词是一种虚词,一般用在名词、代词等的前面,用来表示其后面的名词或者相当于名词的词或短语和其他句子成分的关系,在句子中不能单独作句子成分,需和它后面的词共同充当句子成分。介词后面的名词或者相当于名词的词或短语叫介词宾语。可以作介词宾语的词通常有:

1)名词、代词或从句。

He lives near the school.他居住在学校附近。

Our teacher was very angry with him.我们的老师非常生他的气。

2)动名词。

They have a good idea for solving this problem.他们有一个解决这个问题的好方法。

3)动词不定式(仅限于介词but,except)。

I want nothing except to sleep.除了睡觉,我什么也不想做。

2.介词的种类

1)根据结构分类

简单介词:即由一个词构成的单一介词。例如:for,at,in,on,of,to等。

复合介词:即由两个词组合在一起的介词,也称合成介词。例如:

without inside outside into within

短语介词:即由短语构成的介词。例如:because of,according to,thanks to等。

2)根据意义分类

表示地点的介词:at,behind,beside,around,near,on,by,in front of,across等。

表示时间的介词:about,at,after,before,by,during,in,over,past,since,until等。

表示原因的介词:for,with,from等。

表示手段和方式的介词:by,in,with等。

表示“除去”的介词:but,except,besides等。

表示其他含义的介词:about(关于,大约), on(关于), without(没有), off(从„„离开),instead of(代替), with(和)等。

3.介词短语的功能

介词和介词宾语一起构成介词短语。介词短语可以在句子中作下列成分: 1)作表语:

She looks like an actress.她看上去像演员。

What’s the book about? 这本书是讲什么的? 2)作宾语补足语:

A cold kept him in bed for a week.感冒使他卧床一周。

I found my mother on the bus.我发现我妈妈在公交车上。

3)作状语:

I will wait for you until tomorrow.我等你到明天。

The teacher came into the classroom with a smile on her face.那位老师面带笑容进了教室。4)作定语:

A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。

4.中考经常考查的几组介词的用法

1)时间介词at/ in/ on:

表示具体的时间点(几点钟)和在周末前面用介词at。

I usually get up at six in the morning.我通常在早上六点起床。

I wasn’t here at that time.那时我没在这里。

注意:

at dinner time 在(吃)晚饭时 at night 在夜间 at weekends / the weekend 在周末

表示在特定的日子、某月某日、星期几、节日等时间的前面,或者某一天的早上、下午、晚上的前面用介词on。

We can play football on Sunday.我们可以在星期天踢足球。

They came to my house on a cold winter morning.他们在一个寒冷的早晨来到了我家。表示较长的一段时间段的名词或短语前经常用in,如在早上、下午、晚上;在某月某年等。

I was born in May.我出生在五月。

They came here in 1998.他们在1998年来这里的。

What are you going to do in the winter holiday? 寒假你打算做什么?

注意:

表示上午、下午或晚上的名词前一般用介词in,但是具体到某一天的上午、下午或晚上用介词on。in the morning 在上午 on Monday morning 在星期一的上午

2)时间介词for,since

for 和since引导时间状语都有延续之意。for +时间段表示“(延续).......之久”。since +时间点表示从过去某时延续到现在的一段时间。

They have lived in China for ten years.他们在北京住了十年了。

She has worked here since last year.从去年起她就在这里工作。

3)时间介词in,after

in+时间段表示从现在算起一段时间以后,一般用于将来时;after+时间段表示从过去算起一段时间后,一般用于过去时。另外after后也可以接具体时间用于将来时。

He’ll be back in three hours.他三小时后回来。

He came back after three hours.三小时后,他回来了。

He’ll be back after 3 o’clock.他三点后会回来。

4)方位介词at,in,on,to

表示在某一点的位置或者具体的位置用at。

We will have a picnic at the foot of mountain.我们在山脚下举行野餐。

表示在某一个范围之内的方位用介词in。

Shandong lies in the east of China.山东省在中国的东部。(山东省在中国范围之内)

表示在某一个范围之外的方位用介词to。

Japan lies to the east of China.日本在中国的东部。(日本在中国范围之外)

表示两者相互接触,强调在同一条线或者同一个平面上用介词on。

Shandong lies on the north of Jiangsu.山东省在江苏省的北部。(两省接壤)

5)地点介词in/on / under/ above / over/ below

表示一个物体在另一个物体的上面用介词on。

There is a book on the desk.课桌上有一本书。(书在课桌表面上)

表示一个物体在另一个物体的里面用介词in。

There are some dumplings in the bowl.碗里有一些水饺。(水饺在碗里面)

表示一个物体在另一个物体的下方(一般为正下方)用介词under。

There is a ball under the chair.椅子下面有一个球。(球在椅子的下面)

below意思是“在„„之下”,所指范围较宽,不一定在某物的正下方。

From the plane, we could see the whole town below us.从飞机上我们可以看到下面城镇的全貌。

表示一个物体在另一个物体的上方,并非由“垂直之上”的含义,用介词above, 其反义词为below。

His room is above ours.他的房间在我们的上面。

表示一个物体在另一个物体的正上方用介词over,有时有“覆盖;越过”之意。

His room is over ours.他的房间就是我们头上的那间。

There is a big bridge over the river.河上有一座大桥。(桥在河的上面)

6)方位介词between,among

between是表示在两者之间;among表示在三者或者三者以上之间。

It’s a secret between you and I.这是我和你之间的秘密。

There is a village among the trees.在树林里面有一个小村庄。

7)表示工具、手段、材料的in,by,with

in可以和表示某种语言的名词连用表示“用某种语言”。

Can you answer my question in English?你能用英语回答我的问题吗?

in也可以表示用某种工具或者材料的意思。

Don’t write in pencil.Please write in ink.不要用铅笔写,请用钢笔写。

by指使用的方法和手段,by和表示交通工具的名词连用时,中间不用冠词。

My father often goes to work by bus.我爸爸经常乘坐公共汽车去上班。

He made a living by selling newspapers.他靠卖报为生。

with表示“借助于某种具体的工具或身体部位”。例如:

We write with our hands.我们用手写字。

I cut the cake with a knife.我用刀子切开了蛋糕。

8)方位介词across,through,past

表示从某一个物体的表面横过、穿过用介词across。

They swam across the river.他们游过了河。

从某一个物体的里面或者一定范围内穿过、横过用介词through。

The boys go through the forest quickly.这些男孩子快速地穿过树林。

从旁边经过用past。

They drove past a big supermarket.他们开车经过一家大超市。

9)except,besides

except表示“除„„之外(其他的都)”其后的宾语是被排除在整体之外的。besides表示“除„„之外(其他的也)”,其后的宾语是被包括在整体之内的。

All the students took part in the sports meeting except Tom.除了汤姆以外,其他的同学都参加了运动会。(汤姆没有参加)

We need three more boys besides Tom.除了汤姆以外,我们还需要三个男同学。(我们也需要汤姆)

易错点点拨:

介词容易出错的地方在于上述一些介词的用法的混淆及在一些固定搭配中的误用。

1)I usually play football with my friends in Sunday afternoon.〔解析〕本题是考查介词的用法,表示在早上、下午、晚上用介词in,但表示在具体的某一天的早上、下午、晚上用介词on。所以把in改为on。

2)Guang Dong is in the south of Beijing.〔解析〕表示方位的介词用in/on/to,在范围之内用in,而广东不在北京的范围之内,所以把in改为to。

3)I was born at July 1st, 1997.〔解析〕表示在某日或者某日的早上、下午、晚上用介词on,本句子的1997年7月1日是表示具体的一天,所以用介词on。需把at改为on。

4)—How do you go to work?—I often go to work by my father’s car.〔解析〕表示乘坐某种交通工具,用介词by+表示交通工具的名词,中间不用冠词,但是如果这个名词前有其他的修饰词,则不能用by。此题应该把by改为in。

5)We are asked to explain the work with English.〔解析〕表示使用某种语言用介词in,从本句子的意思理解是用介词in 和English连用表示“使用英语解释”的意思。因此把with改成in。

6)They have learned a lot of subjects except English and Chinese.〔解析〕表示除了之外可以用两个介词except和besides,except是不包括的意思,从整体中排除except的后面的人或者物体;beside表示除了之外是包括的意思,表示在原来的基础上再加上besides后面的人或者物体。所以此题中把except改为besides。

7)It is very clever for your brother to do the work like this.〔解析〕在句型It is+形容词+of/for +somebody +to do something中,用of还是用for取决于形容词,如果形容词是描述人物性格特征,后面的人与形容词有主语和表语的关系,用介词of;如果形容词不是描述人物性格特征,后面的人与形容词没有主语和表语的关系,用介词for。所以把for改为of。再如:

It’s important for you to come on time.8)At the end, we came to the top of the mountain.〔解析〕此题考查介词的固定搭配。at the end of „表示在„„末,此句中应该用in the end表示“最后”,所以应该把at改成in。

连词

考查要求:

通过连词来考查对句子的整体理解是近几年高考的热点,如两个分句的逻辑关系、结合连词考查的状语从句、连词的具体意义等。经常考查的重点连词有and,but,or,while,however及引导从句的连词if和whether;before和after等。

知识总结:

1.连词的概念

连词是连接单词、短语、从句或者句子的一种虚词,在句子中不能单独作句子的成分,一般不重读。连词基本可以分为: 1)简单连词:

如:or,and,but,if,because

2)关联连词:

如:both,and,not only„but also„

3)短语连词:

如:as if,as long as,in order to,so that

2.连词的用法

A.并列连词

1)表示平行或者对等关系,常用的有and,so,not only„but also„(不仅„„而且„„),both„and„(两者都„„),neither„nor„(既不„„也不„...)等。

Not only does he love the teachers, but also the teachers love him.他爱老师,老师也爱他。

2)表示转折关系,常用的有but,yet(然而),while(然而)等。

I am poor,but I am very happy.我很贫穷,但是我很愉快。

3)表示选择关系,常用的有or,either„or„(或者„„或者„„),not „but „(不 是„„而是„„)等。:

You may go with us,or you may stay at home.你或者和我们一起去,或者呆在家里。

4)表示因果关系,常用的有:for(因为),so(因此)等,此时for不能放在句首。

He must sleep, for his room is dark.他一定睡了,因为房间是暗的。

B.从属连词

1)引导时间状语从句,常用的有:before,after,when,while,until,since,as soon as等。

I will come to tell you as soon as it comes out.结果一出来我就来告诉你。

2)引导原因状语从句,常用的有:because(因为),as(因为),since(既然)

Because it was too late, we took a taxi.因为天晚了,我们打了一辆出租车。

3)引导结果状语从句,常用的有:so„ that(如此„„以致于),such„that(如此„„以致于),so that(结果„„)等。

She was so careless that she forgot to write her name on the paper.她那么粗心,都忘记在卷子上写名字。

4)引导条件状语从句,常用的有:if,unless(除非),as long as(只要)等。

We will come here if it is fine tomorrow.如果明天天气好的话我们就来这里。

5)引导让步状语从句,常用的有:though,although,even if(即使),however(无论怎样)等。

We were still working though it was very late.尽管很晚了我们仍然在工作。

6)引导比较状语从句,常用的有:as,than,so/ as„as,more than。

This book is more interesting than that one.这本书比那本更有兴趣。

7)引导地点状语从句,常用的有:where,wherever等。

Please stay where you are.请呆在你现在的地方。

8)引导名词性从句(如宾语从句),常用的有:that,if,whether,who,whom,what,which,whose,when,where,why,how。

Can you tell me when they got there? 你能告诉我他们是什么时候到那里的吗?

I think that he’ll be back soon.我认为他们不久就会回来。

3.连词使用时的几个注意事项:

1)not only„ but also„, neither„ nor „, either „ or„, not „ but„接主语时,谓语动词按就近原则处理。

Not only you but also he has to leave.不只是你,他也得离开。

Either you or I am wrong.不是你错,就是我错。

Not money but workers are what we need.我们需要的不是钱,而是工人。

2)祈使句,+and/ or +简单句,前面的祈使句表示条件,后面的简单句表示结果,or意思为“否则”。

Hurry up, and we’ll catch the bus.快点,我们就能赶上车。

Hurry up, or we’ll be late.快点,否则我们会晚的。

3)英语中连词because和so一般不能同时在一个句子使用,同样连词although和but也不能同时在一个句子中用。这一点和汉语完全不同。

Though he is young, he can help his mother a lot.虽然他很小,但是能给他妈妈帮很多忙。(无but)

It was too hot in the room, so he took off his coat.因为房间里很热,所以他脱掉了外套。(无because)

易错点点拨:

1.Because he was ill, so my father didn’t come to my party.〔解析〕从句子的意思理解上下句是因果关系,英语中因为“because”和所以“so”一般不连用,所以去掉so。

2.Both you and he has to go there on foot.〔解析〕表示并列关系的连词both„and连接主语时,谓语动词应该用复数,所以把has改为have。

3.I am ill, and I still go to school.〔解析〕从前后两个句子的意思理解是转折关系,所以用连词but表示转折。表示“尽管我病了,我仍然去上学”。所以把and改为but。

4.—Which do you like better, tea and coffee? —I like tea better than coffee.〔解析〕从问句的前半句Which do you like better可以判断后面用连词or表示选择关系。所以把and改为or。

5.My brother likes swimming better to studying.〔解析〕从句子的意思理解是用连词than引导表示比较的状语从句。所以把to改为than。但是prefer„ to„,是固定搭配,表示“和„„相比,更喜欢„„”。

篇6:形容词副词的区别和联系

形容词是用来修饰或描述名词(或代词),表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。

• • • 如:Li Lei is a good student.李磊是一名好学生。China is a great country.(形容词good修饰名词student)• 中国是一个了不起的国家。

(形容词great修饰名词country)

• The coat is black.• 那件上衣是黑色的。(形容词black表示coat的特征.2.形容词的位置

• • • • • • •(1)形容词通常用于名词的前面。

She is a famous actress.她是位有名的演员。

He is a warm-hearted man.他是一个热心的人。(2)形容词用在系动词后作表语。

Monkey is smart.猴子很机灵。It’s hot in summer.夏季,天很热。

You look fine.你们看上去很好。

3.形容词的反义词

beautiful--ugly(美丽,丑陋)thick---thin(厚 薄)big---small 大小 quick---slow 快慢

old---new 旧新 luck---unluck 幸运,不幸运 good---bad 好坏 wild---strict 广阔的,狭小的start-stop 开始,结束 hot---cold 冷 热

up-down 上 下 left-right 左 右

black-white 黑 白 important---unimportant 重要,不重要

comfortable---uncomfortable 舒适,不舒适 sure---unsure 确信,不确定

thin-fat 瘦 胖long-short 长 短

many---little 多 少 much---few 多 少

clever---foolish 聪明 蠢 easy----difficult 容易 难

smooth---rough 光滑 粗糙 friendly----unfriendly 友好,不 友好

4.什么是副词

• 副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句的词,表示时间、地点、程度、状态等。如:

•(1)The wind is blowing strongly.风刮的很大。•(副词strongly修饰动词blow,表示程度)•(2)I can see clearly.我能看的清。•(副词clearly修饰动词see)•(3)It is very late.天很晚了。•(副词very修饰形容词late)

•(4)You speak too quickly.你说的太快(副词修饰副词)•(副词too修饰副词quickly)5.副词的种类 • 副词根据它们的意义,可以分为下面几类。• • • •(1)时间副词:表示“什么时候” “频率”。

always 总是

often经常

usually通常 seldom不常

sometimes有时

now现在

then那时

today今天

yesterday昨天

•(2)地点副词:主要描述地点。

• here这里

there那儿

up向上

•(3)程度副词:主要表示程度。

• much很;非常

little很少

very非常 • too太

enough足够地

quite十分地 •(4)方式副词:主要表示“怎样地”。

• slowly慢慢地

quickly快地

suddenly突然地 • warmly热情地

neatly整洁地

quietly安静地 • badly糟糕地

happily快乐地 •(5)疑问副词:用来引导一个特殊疑问句。• how 怎样

when 什么时候 • where 在哪里

why为什么

• down向下

back向后

everywhere到处 •

6.副词的位置

•(1)副词修饰动词时,通常位于被修饰动词的后面。• We should study hard.我们应该努力学习。• You walk too fast.你走得太快。

•(2)副词修饰形容词时,通常放在该形容词的前面。

• The boy is too young to go toschool.那个孩子太小,不能上学。• Mark Twin is a very funny man.马克吐温是一个非常有趣的人。•(3)副词修饰副词时,通常放在被修饰副词的前面。•

Lihua dance very well.李华舞跳得很好。• Thank you very much.非常感谢

•(4)表示频率的副词,通常位于主谓之间,也可以位于句首。• He often goes to school by bike.他经常骑车上学。• Sometimes he goes to see his mother.他有时候去看 1.一般情况下直接加“ly”, 如 quick---quickly.2.以辅音字母加“y”结尾的形容词要变“y”为“i”,然后再加“ly”.如 happy---happily.3.某些以辅音字母加不发音字母“e”结尾和以“ue”结尾的形容词要先去掉“e”, 然后再加“y”或“ly”.如

terrible---terribly

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