米歇尔奥巴马演讲稿

米歇尔奥巴马演讲稿（精选6篇）

篇1：米歇尔奥巴马演讲稿

奥巴马夫人米歇尔的演讲稿

孩子们应该受到很好的教育，说道这个问题，barack懂得，就像我们中很多人一样，没有助学金他就也不可能上大学。你们相信吗？在我和他新婚之时，我们的助学贷款的压力甚至远大于房贷。当时我们那么年轻，还负债累累。因此，barack 竭尽全力提高助学金额度，同时压低利息，他希望让每一个年轻人都能大展宏图，不必为了求学债台高筑。归根到底，这些对他来说根本无关政治，推己及人而已。他深深得知道家庭的处境。他懂得希望子孙过上好日子是这样一种感受。他知道什么是美国梦，因为他曾亲身经历。他希望每一个人都能有相同的机会。无论身份，无论家乡，无论种族，无论信仰和情感。他相信当每一个人努力奋斗，出人头地，在通过机遇的大门之后，不会自私地关上大门，而会转身伸出援手。给予人们共同的机会一起成功！

如果你要问我白宫这四年是否改变我的丈夫？我可以坦诚相告，不论是看他的品格，信仰，还是内心，此时此刻的他是彼时彼地我相爱的那个人！如今的他还会像那时一样，拒绝高薪工作，而深入社区基层，去帮助濒临倒闭的钢厂的职工和家属。去重建那样的社区，帮助人们再度就业。因为对他来讲，成功的标准并不是收入，而是你对他人生的积极影响，他还是那个当女儿刚降生时，会分分钟钟就跑到婴儿床边查看女儿是否还在呼吸的那个父亲。会抱着女儿去找所有的熟人显摆。他至今仍每晚和我跟女儿一起吃晚餐。耐心地回答她们关于新闻和时事的问题，为她们在学校交朋友的事儿出谋划策。每天深夜我都见到他在办公室沉默着，翻着一封封寄给他的信。有的信来自艰难谋生维持家用的父亲，有的来自被保险公司弃之不管的病入膏肓的女性，有的信来自徒有大志却怀才不遇的年轻人，我看到他为此忧心不已，他无比坚定地对我说：你无法想象他们过着什么样的日子，米歇尔，这是不对的！我们必须再接再厉去改变这些，我们做的还远远不够！

我看到那些故事，那些艰难困苦和那些梦想希望，正是那一切让奥巴马每日为之努力，从前的我绝想不到今天的我反而比四年前更爱我的丈夫了，甚至远胜23年前我们相爱时，我爱他！因为他不忘本！我爱他，因为他会去履行承诺，困难当头他只会越挫越勇，我爱他，因为他对人们一视同仁！从不管你是那个党派，又或是有无党派。他知道我们都深爱这个国家，他愿意倾听，从善如流，他愿意去挖掘每个人身上的闪光点！我爱他，因为在艰难无比，揪心不已的时刻，在法案可能无法通过，一切都可能重头再来的时候。他从不会被四面的楚歌所动摇，就像他的祖母一样，他会重新振作，再度前进，用他的耐心，智慧，勇气和气度！他总会提醒我们任重道远，变革往往艰难而缓慢，根本无法一撅而起，但总有一天，我们会成功，就如既往的那些胜利，我们会最终达到彼岸，因为像我的父母，他的祖母，还有所有像他们一样的人都对自己承诺，我没能实现自己的梦想，但或许我的孩子们可以，或许的们的孙辈可以，我，我们今天能站在这里，就归功于他们的奉献，渴望和从不动摇的爱，归功于他们一次又一次压在自己的恐惧和疑惑，艰苦奋斗。所以当今我们面对的挑战似乎艰巨得难以克服，请别忘记开创不可能的奇迹，正是我们国家的历史，美国人就是这样，我们的国家就是这么建立起来的。如果我们的父母先辈可以为了我们而艰苦奋斗，如果他们可以建起摩天大楼，把人类送上月球，如果他们可以用一根按钮就把世界连接，那是当然，我们也可以我们的后代而牺牲自我，努力建设。如果那么多英勇的军人可以穿起戎装上阵，为捍卫我们的根本利益牺牲生命！那么当然作为这个民主之国的一份子我们也可以发挥自己的作用！当然我们也可以通过投票，让我们的呼声响彻大选之日；如果农民和铁匠都可以从一个帝国中谋求独立，如果移民们可以放下从前的一切来到这里寻求美好的生活；如果妇女们冒着牢狱之灾也要投票；如果一代人可以打败大萧条，成就一番事业；如果一位年轻的牧师可以用他的正义理想把我们送上平等之巅；如果美国人民为他们的身份而自豪，为他们所爱的人而勇敢的站在讲台上。那么当然，当然我们可以给人们平等的机会，去实现自己的美国梦！因为当尘埃落定，胜过一切的是这个国家的故事，一个希望不死，斗志永存的励志传说，我的故事，奥巴马的故事，和千千万万美国人的故事，也因此成真，今天我不仅是第一夫人，也不仅是代表一个妻子，每当一天的工作结束，我的身份就只是一个操心的妈妈，我的女儿仍是我的心头肉，我世界的中心但今天我不再像四年前般顾虑重重，不再担心我和他怎么做才是对孩子们最好的。亲身经历告诉我，如果要想给我的女儿和全天下的孩子创造一个美好的世界，如果我们想给他们一个梦想的基础和一展抱负的机遇，如果我们想让他们相信一切皆有可能，让他们相信在美国，只要努力就一定能有回报，那么我们比任何时候，任何人都更加努力。我们必须再度团结一致，去一起支持肩负着你我信任，去领导我们前进的那个男人，我的丈夫，我们的总统——奥巴马！谢谢！

篇2：米歇尔奥巴马演讲稿

First Lady Michelle Obama:

Thank you so much, Elaine…we are so grateful for your family’s service and sacrifice…and we will always have your back.Over the past few years as First Lady, I have had the extraordinary privilege of traveling all across this country.And everywhere I’ve gone, in the people I’ve met, and the stories I’ve heard, I have seen the very best of the American spirit.I have seen it in the incredible kindness and warmth that people have shown me and my family, especially our girls.I’ve seen it in teachers in a near-bankrupt school district who vowed to keep teaching without pay.I’ve seen it in people who become heroes at a moment’s notice, diving into harm’s way to save others…flying across the country to put out a fire…driving for hours to bail out a flooded town.And I’ve seen it in our men and women in uniform and our proud military families…in wounded warriors who tell me they’re not just going to walk again, they’re going to run, and they’re going to run marathons…in the young man blinded by a bomb in Afghanistan who said, simply, “…I’d give my eyes 100 times again to have the chance to do what I have done and what I can still do.”

Every day, the people I meet inspire me…every day, they make me proud…every day they remind me how blessed we are to live in the greatest nation on earth.Serving as your First Lady is an honor and a privilege…but back when we first came together four years ago, I still had some concerns about this journey we’d begun.While I believed deeply in my husband’s vision for this country…and I was certain he would make an extraordinary President…like any mother, I was worried about what it would mean for our girls if he got that chance.How would we keep them grounded under the glare of the national spotlight?

How would they feel being uprooted from their school, their friends, and the only home they’d ever known?

Our life before moving to Washington was filled with simple joys…Saturdays at soccer games, Sundays at grandma’s house…and a date night for Barack and me was either dinner or a movie, because as an exhausted mom, I couldn’t stay awake for both.And the truth is, I loved the life we had built for our girls…I deeply loved the man I had built that life with…and I didn’t want that to change if he became President.I loved Barack just the way he was.You see, even though back then Barack was Senator and a presidential candidate…to me, he was still the guy who’d picked me up for our dates in a car that was so rusted out, I could actually see the pavement going by through a hole in the passenger side door…he was the guy whose proudest possession was a coffee table he’d found in a dumpster, and whose only pair of decent shoes was half a size too small.But when Barack started telling me about his family that’s when I knew I had found a kindred spirit, someone whose values and upbringing were so much like mine.You see, Barack and I were both raised by families who didn’t have much in the way of money or material possessions but who had given us something far more valuable their unconditional love, their unflinching sacrifice, and the chance to go places they had never imagined for themselves.My father was a pump operator at the city water plant, and he was diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis when my brother and I were young.And even as a kid, I knew there were plenty of days when he was in pain…I knew there were plenty of mornings when it was a struggle for him to simply get out of bed.But every morning, I watched my father wake up with a smile, grab his walker, prop himself up against the bathroom sink, and slowly shave and button his uniform.And when he returned home after a long day’s work, my brother and I would stand at the top of the stairs to our little apartment, patiently waiting to greet him…watching as he reached down to lift one leg, and then the other, to slowly climb his way into our arms.But despite these challenges, my dad hardly ever missed a day of work…he and my mom were determined to give me and my brother the kind of education they could only dream of.And when my brother and I finally made it to college, nearly all of our tuition came from student loans and grants.But my dad still had to pay a tiny portion of that tuition himself.And every semester, he was determined to pay that bill right on time, even taking out loans when he fell short.He was so proud to be sending his kids to college…and he made sure we never missed a registration deadline because his check was late.You see, for my dad, that’s what it meant to be a man.Like so many of us, that was the measure of his success in life being able to earn a decent living that allowed him to support his family.And as I got to know Barack, I realized that even though he’d grown up all the way across the country, he’d been brought up just like me.Barack was raised by a single mother who struggled to pay the bills, and by grandparents who stepped in when she needed help.Barack’s grandmother started out as a secretary at a community bank…and she moved quickly up the ranks…but like so many women, she hit a glass ceiling.And for years, men no more qualified than she was men she had actually trained were promoted up the ladder ahead of her, earning more and more money while Barack’s family continued to scrape by.But day after day, she kept on waking up at dawn to catch the bus…arriving at work before anyone else…giving her best without complaint or regret.And she would often tell Barack, “So long as you kids do well, Bar, that’s all that really matters.”

Like so many American families, our families weren’t asking for much.They didn’t begrudge anyone else’s success or care that others had much more than they did…in fact, they admired it.They simply believed in that fundamental American promise that, even if you don’t start out with much, if you work hard and do what you’re supposed to do, and then you should be able to build a decent life for yourself and an even better life for your kids and grandkids.That’s how they raised us…that’s what we learned from their example.We learned about dignity and decency that how hard you work matters more than how much you make…that helping others means more than just getting ahead yourself.We learned about honesty and integrity that the truth matters…that you don’t take shortcuts or play by your own set of rules…and success doesn’t count unless you earn it fair and square.We learned about gratitude and humility that so many people had a hand in our success, from the teachers who inspired us to the janitors who kept our school clean…and we were taught to value everyone’s contribution and treat everyone with respect.Those are the values Barack and I and so many of you are trying to pass on to our own children.That’s who we are.And standing before you four years ago, I knew that I didn’t want any of that to change if Barack became President.Well, today, after so many struggles and triumphs and moments that have tested my husband in ways I never could have imagined, I have seen firsthand that being president doesn’t change who you are it reveals who you are.You see, I’ve gotten to see up close and personal what being president really looks like.And I’ve seen how the issues that come across a President’s desk are always the hard ones the problems where no amount of data or numbers will get you to the right answer…the judgment calls where the stakes are so high, and there is no margin for error.And as President, you can get all kinds of advice from all kinds of people.But at the end of the day, when it comes time to make that decision, as President, all you have to guide you are your values, and your vision, and the life experiences that make you who you are.So when it comes to rebuilding our economy, Barack is thinking about folks like my dad and like his grandmother.He’s thinking about the pride that comes from a hard day’s work.That’s why he signed the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act to help women get equal pay for equal work.That’s why he cut taxes for working families and small businesses and fought to get the auto industry back on its feet.That’s how he brought our economy from the brink of collapse to creating jobs again jobs you can raise a family on, good jobs right here in the United States of America.When it comes to the health of our families, Barack refused to listen to all those folks who told him to leave health reform for another day, another president.He didn’t care whether it was the easy thing to do politically that’s not how he was raised he cared that it was the right thing to do.He did it because he believes that here in America, our grandparents should be able to afford their medicine…our kids should be able to see a doctor when they’re sick…and no one in this country should ever go broke because of an accident or illness.And he believes that women are more than capable of making our own choices about our bodies and our health care…that’s what my husband stands for.When it comes to giving our kids the education they deserve, Barack knows that like me and like so many of you, he never could’ve attended college without financial aid.And believe it or not, when we were first married, our combined monthly student loan bills were actually higher than our mortgage.We were so young, so in love, and so in debt.That’s why Barack has fought so hard to increase student aid and keep interest rates down, because he wants every young person to fulfill their promise and be able to attend college without a mountain of debt.So in the end, for Barack, these issues aren’t political they’re personal.Because Barack knows what it means when a family struggles.He knows what it means to want something more for your kids and grandkids.Barack knows the American Dream because he’s lived it…and he wants everyone in this country to have that same opportunity, no matter who we are, or where we’re from, or what we look like, or who we love.And he believes that when you’ve worked hard, and done well, and walked through that doorway of opportunity…you do not slam it shut behind you…you reach back, and you give other folks the same chances that helped you succeed.So when people ask me whether being in the White House has changed my husband, I can honestly say that when it comes to his character, and his convictions, and his heart, Barack Obama is still the same man I fell in love with all those years ago.He’s the same man who started his career by turning down high paying jobs and instead working in struggling neighborhoods where a steel plant had shut down, fighting to rebuild those communities and get folks back to work…because for Barack, success isn’t about how much money you make, it’s about the difference you make in people’s lives.He’s the same man who, when our girls were first born, would anxiously check their cribs every few minutes to ensure they were still breathing, proudly showing them off to everyone we knew.That’s the man who sits down with me and our girls for dinner nearly every night, patiently answering their questions about issues in the news, and strategizing about middle school friendships.That’s the man I see in those quiet moments late at night, hunched over his desk, poring over the letters people have sent him.The letter from the father struggling to pay his bills…from the woman dying of cancer whose insurance company won’t cover her care…from the young person with so much promise but so few opportunities.I see the concern in his eyes…and I hear the determination in his voice as he tells me, “You won’t believe what these folks are going through, Michelle…it’s not right.We’ve got to keep working to fix this.We’ve got so much more to do.”

I see how those stories our collection of struggles and hopes and dreams I see how that’s what drives Barack Obama every single day.And I didn’t think it was possible, but today, I love my husband even more than I did four years ago…even more than I did 23 years ago, when we first met.I love that he’s never forgotten how he started.I love that we can trust Barack to do what he says he’s going to do, even when it’s hard especially when it’s hard.I love that for Barack, there is no such thing as “us” and “them” he doesn’t care whether you’re a Democrat, a Republican, or none of the above…he knows that we all love our country…and he’s always ready to listen to good ideas…he’s always looking for the very best in everyone he meets.And I love that even in the toughest moments, when we’re all sweating it when we’re worried that the bill won’t pass, and it seems like all is lost Barack never lets himself get distracted by the chatter and the noise.Just like his grandmother, he just keeps getting up and moving forward…with patience and wisdom, and courage and grace.And he reminds me that we are playing a long game here…and that change is hard, and change is slow, and it never happens all at once.But eventually we get there, we always do.We get there because of folks like my Dad…folks like Barack’s grandmother…men and women who said to themselves, “I may not have a chance to fulfill my dreams, but maybe my children will…maybe my grandchildren will.”

So many of us stand here tonight because of their sacrifice, and longing, and steadfast love…because time and again, they swallowed their fears and doubts and did what was hard.So today, when the challenges we face start to seem overwhelming or even impossible let us never forget that doing the impossible is the history of this nation…it’s who we are as Americans…it’s how this country was built.And if our parents and grandparents could toil and struggle for us…if they could raise beams of steel to the sky, send a man to the moon, and connect the world with the touch of a button…then surely we can keep on sacrificing and building for our own kids and grandkids.And if so many brave men and women could wear our country’s uniform and sacrifice their lives for our most fundamental rights…then surely we can do our part as citizens of this great democracy to exercise those rights…surely, we can get to the polls and make our voices heard on Election Day.If farmers and blacksmiths could win independence from an empire…if immigrants could leave behind everything they knew for a better life on our shores…if women could be dragged to jail for seeking the vote…if a generation could defeat a depression, and define greatness for all time…if a young preacher could lift us to the mountaintop with his righteous dream…and if proud Americans can be who they are and boldly stand at the altar with who they love…then surely, surely we can give everyone in this country a fair chance at that great American Dream.Because in the end, more than anything else, that is the story of this country the story of unwavering hope grounded in unyielding struggle.That is what has made my story, and Barack’s story, and so many other American stories possible.And I say all of this tonight not just as First Lady…and not just as a wife.You see, at the end of the day, my most important title is still “mom-in-chief.”

篇3：米歇尔奥巴马演讲稿

1 评价理论中的态度系统

20世纪90年代, 马丁等一些学者提出了评价理论, 很好地弥补了系统功能语言学无法通过分析文本或话语中的词汇资源来阐释作/读者或说/听者对事态的观点和立场这一缺陷。 (王振华, 2001) 因此, 评价理论是对系统功能语言学中人际功能的拓展与延伸。在马丁看来, “评价理论是关于评价的, 即语篇中所协商的各种态度, 所涉及的情感的强度, 以及表明价值和联盟读者的各种方式”。 (Martin&Rose:2003) 评价理论由三大子系统构成, 即态度 (Attitude) , 介入 (Engagement) 和级差 (Graduation) 。其中, 态度系统是评价理论的核心系统, 主要关注说/写者或语言涉及的人对论及的对象的态度, 包括人与物。 (朱永生、王振华, 2013) 态度系统又可以分为三个方面, 即情感 (Affect) , 判断 (Judgment) 和鉴赏 (Appreciation) 。情感是用以表达情感反应的资源 (张德禄、刘世铸, 2006) , 用来解释语言使用者对行为、文本及现象作出的感情反应。Martin和White (2005) 指出, 情感可以是肯定的, 也可以是否定的。它可以根据语义划分为三组不同的评价维度, 即快乐/不快乐 (un/happiness) , 安全/不安全 (in/security) 和满意/不满意 (dis/satisfaction) 。判断是根据各种不同的标准来评价行为的资源 (张德禄、刘世铸, 2006) , 通常根据伦理道德标准对人及其行为作出的一种评判。判断可分为社会尊严 (social esteem) 和社会约束 (social sanction) 。两者都包括正面含义和负面含义, 但不同的是前者与行为规范 (normality) 、做事才干 (capacity) 和坚忍不拔 (tenacity) 有关, 通常不涉及法律含义, 而后者则与是否真实可靠 (veracity) 、行为是否正当 (propriety) 有关, 通常涉及法律意义。 (王振华, 2001) 鉴赏是表达事物价值, 包括自然现象和符号现象的价值的资源 (张德禄、刘世铸, 2006) , 是语言使用者对语篇、抽象事物或自然事物做出的评价。它可以从反应 (reaction) 、构成 (composition) 和价值 (valuation) 三个不同角度进行评价。

2 助选演讲中的态度资源剖析

本文以态度系统为理论依据对米歇尔整篇演讲辞中的态度资源进行统计, 然后采用定性的研究方法对数据进行分析与讨论, 进而揭示米歇尔运用态度资源的策略与技巧, 领略这篇助选演讲的魅力。本文首先对整篇演讲辞中的态度资源按照情感, 判断和鉴赏三个方面进行统计, 分别算出它们占总态度资源的比例。其后, 根据演讲辞的内容和结构将其分为开篇、主体、结尾三个部分。同样, 对这三部分的态度资源按照情感, 判断和鉴赏三个方面分别进行计算统计。

2.1 助选演讲态度资源的分布特点

经过分析与统计, 整篇助选演讲中的态度资源分布情况如表1所示。表1显示, 整篇演讲辞共有态度资源159个, 其中情感资源41个 (25.8%) , 判断资源70个 (44%) , 鉴赏资源48个 (30.2%) 。由此可见, 在整篇演讲辞中, 判断资源最多, 其次是鉴赏资源, 最后是情感资源。判断资源和鉴赏资源是米歇尔态度意义表达的主要手段。判断资源主要用于对人的行为的评价, 是一种客观的评判, 而鉴赏资源则是对客观事物或现象的评价, 也是站在客观角度进行的一种评价。因此, 大量的判断资源和鉴赏资源的运用使得演讲更为客观, 更具有说服力。所以在演讲中, 米歇尔选择运用大量的判断资源评价身为儿子、父亲、丈夫以及总统的奥巴马。这种客观的评价不仅增加了演讲的说服力, 也拉近了奥巴马与在场的听众的距离, 深深打动着每一位听众的心灵, 给人留下深刻的印象。

我们将整篇演讲辞分为开篇、主体和结尾三个部分, 每个部分的态度资源分布情况如表2所示。开篇主要讲的是米歇尔在过去4年中作为第一夫人的经历与感想。从表2中可以看出, 情感资源 (47.6%) 的使用最多, 几乎占到了该部分态度资源总数的一半, 大大超过了判断资源 (28.6%) 和鉴赏资源 (23.8%) 的使用。米歇尔在演讲开篇用大量的情感资源将自己作为第一夫人的经历与感受娓娓道来, 试图让听众感受到第一夫人真挚的情感, 从而打动听众, 获得更多的认可与支持。主体部分是整篇演讲辞的核心部分, 主要讲的是米歇尔和奥巴马乃至他们父辈、祖父辈的奋斗经历, 以及奥巴马的为人、理想和信念。表2显示, 在这一部分中, 判断资源 (47.8%) 和鉴赏资源 (34.8%) 的使用量大大上升, 特别是判断资源, 几乎接近主体态度资源总数的一半, 而情感资源 (17.4%) 则有所下降。米歇尔用大量的判断资源和鉴赏资源去描述和评价奥巴马及其奋斗经历, 是因为这种不带个人主观意义上的评价更加客观与真实地凸显了奥巴马的家庭价值观和对中产阶级民众的亲近, 也更具有说服力让人相信奥巴马将是一位可以依靠与信赖的好总统。最后一部分结尾是整篇演讲辞的高潮部分, 在这部分中, 米歇尔号召人们像前辈一样努力奋斗, 为子孙后代创造美好未来, 并且相信奥巴马的能力, 为他投上一票。从表2可以看出, 这部分的情感资源 (32.6%) 相对于主体部分大幅度上升, 判断资源 (43.5%) 和鉴赏资源 (23.9%) 虽然较主体部分有所下降, 但其总数 (43.5%+23.9%=67.4%) 远多于这部分的情感资源。米歇尔运用丰富的判断资源和鉴赏资源去评价前辈的奋斗历程, 希望这种真实客观的评价能够引起听众的共鸣, 像前辈学习。情感资源的大幅上升说明米歇尔希望以情感打动听众为奥巴马投上一票, 最终达到助选的目的。通过助选演讲辞三个部分的分析, 我们可以发现每个部分的态度资源分布都不是固定的, 根据每个部分演讲的内容和目的, 态度资源的分布实际上是一个不断变化的动态的过程。这也反映出了米歇尔在这篇演讲辞中运用态度资源的策略与技巧。下面我们将通过一些具体例子, 更进一步分析米歇尔通过这些态度资源所表达的人际意义。

2.2 助选演讲情感资源分析

情感属于心理学的范畴, 它表达了评价者对人、物或事件的某种感情倾向, 关注的是评价者的心理感受, 因此具有很强的主观性。情感的表达可以是正面的, 也可以是负面, 它往往可以反映出评价者的立场。米歇尔在演讲中就运用了不少的情感资源来表达自己的情感与立场, 如下面的两个例子:

(1) ...I love my husband even more than I did four years ago, even more than I did 23 years ago, when we first met.I love that he's never forgotten how he started.I love that we can trust Barack to do what he says he's going to do...I love that for Barack, there is no such thing as"us"and"them"...

(2) I love that we can trust Barack to do what he says he’s going to do, even when it’s hard, especially when it’s hard...we must once again come together, and stand together, for the man we can trust to keep moving this great country forward, my husband, our President, President Barack Obama!

在例1中, 划横线的单词‘love’属于快乐/不快乐这一维度的情感资源。通过‘love’这个正面情感资源的反复使用, 米歇尔表达出了她对丈夫深深的爱, 正如她自己所说这份爱甚至要比23年前他们第一次相遇时还要更深。她想要告诉听众, 自己之所以这么爱奥巴马是因为这个男人拥有高贵的品质。他永不忘本, 永远将人民的切身利益记在心中, 值得信赖。借此, 米歇尔成功地为奥巴马树立了一个良好的总统形象, 引起选民的共鸣, 从而赢得更多选民的支持。例2中, ’trust’和‘together’都属于安全/不安全这一维度的情感资源。米歇尔用‘trust’和‘together’两个词去告诉选民, 无论面对什么样的挑战与困难, 奥巴马都能很好地应对, 所以要对奥巴马充满信心, 团结起来, 和他一起为美国的明天而共同奋斗。这两个词不仅很好地激发了选民的斗志, 也为奥巴马当选总统赢得了更多的支持。

2.3 助选演讲判断资源分析

判断属于伦理学范畴, 它是根据伦理道德标准对人的行为的一种客观评价。这种评价和情感一样, 有正面的, 也有负面的。判断资源的大量使用可以使文章更客观, 从而更有说服力。米歇尔在演讲中就运用了大量的判断资源, 使演讲更具说服力。请看下面2个例子:

(3) …see, when we’re all sweating it, when we’re worried that the bill won’t pass, and it seems like all is lost, Barack never lets himself get distracted by the chatter and the noise, no.

(4) Just like his grandmother, he just keeps getting up and moving forward, with patience and wisdom, and courage and grace.

例3和例4中的判断资源都是米歇尔用来评价奥巴马的高贵品质。‘never distracted’, ‘patience’, ‘wisdom’, ‘courage’, ‘grace’都是正面的判断资源, 说明奥巴马即使在最困难的时候, 即使在所有人都焦躁不安认为全局皆输的时候, 他依然听从于自己内心的声音, 坚定着自己的立场。即使在这样的情况下, 他还是会带着耐心和智慧, 勇气与风度不停向前。米歇尔通过这些正面评价, 想要告诉选民, 这些品质是难能可贵的, 是一个合格的总统身上应该具备的, 而奥巴马具备了所有这些高贵品质, 是一名合格的总统。

2.4 助选演讲鉴赏资源分析

鉴赏属于美学范畴, 它主要是对客观事物或现象的评价, 也具有较强的客观性。在号召人们像前辈一样不懈奋斗的时候, 米歇尔也运用了许多鉴赏资源去评价他们奋斗的精神以及不能被忘却的美国精神。如下面2个例子所示:

(5) So today, when the challenges we face start to seem overwhelming or even impossible, let us never forget that doing the impossible is the history of this nation.

(6) Because in the end, more than anything else, that is the story of this country–the story of unwavering hope grounded in unyielding struggle.

在例5中, ‘overwhelming’和‘impossible’是两个负面的鉴赏资源, 是对美国面临的挑战的一种评价, 突出了美国所面临的巨大而艰难的挑战。但是米歇尔想要告诉选民, 正是因为美国当前所面临的挑战巨大而难以战胜, 美国人民更不能忘记战胜一切不可能是这个国家的历史, 是这个国家人民的根性, 更是整个民族的立国之本。而在例6中, ‘unwavering’和‘unyielding’这两个鉴赏资源更是从正面评价了美国精神, 是一种毫不屈服、毫不动摇的精神。米歇尔希望人们不要忘记这样一种精神, 怀抱着坚定的理想与信念, 勇敢地接受挑战。例5和例6摘自演讲的结尾部分, 而这些鉴赏资源的运用, 激励了选民, 烘托了整个助选演讲的氛围, 把演讲推向高潮。

3 结束语

本文借助评价理论中的态度系统, 对米歇尔2012年的助选演讲辞进行了深入的分析。通过研究发现, 助选演讲辞中使用最多的是判断资源, 主要是米歇尔对奥巴马为人以及前辈们不懈奋斗的正面评价和赞扬, 其次是鉴赏资源和情感资源。通过这些态度资源的使用, 米歇尔传达出了一种激励美国人民坚持奋斗, 不断由底层努力向上的价值观, 同时也凸显了奥巴马正直的为人和难能可贵的高尚品德, 为他赢得了更多的支持, 最终达到说服听众的目的。由此可见, 评价理论是一个富有张力的功能语言学理论框架 (李战子, 2004) , 它为演讲语篇分析提供了一种新的视角, 有助于挖掘语言深层的含义, 从而更好地揭示演讲语篇中所包含的人际意义。

摘要：评价理论是由J.R.Martin提出的一个新理论, 它是系统功能语言学人际意义的拓展。该文以评价理论中的态度系统为框架, 深入剖析米歇尔·奥巴马12年助选演讲辞中的态度资源分布情况, 旨在探究米歇尔如何巧妙运用演讲辞中的态度资源来表达其态度、立场和观点, 从而成功达到助选演讲的目的。研究发现, 米歇尔运用了大量显性的积极态度资源, 并且判断资源远多于情感和鉴赏资源。通过对演讲语篇中态度资源的深入分析, 人们能够更加深入地理解评价理论和演讲所揭示的人际意义。

关键词：评价理论,评价性分析,态度资源,助选演讲

参考文献

[1]Martin R, Rose D.Working with Discourse[M].London&NewYork:Continuum, 2003.

[2]Martin J R, White P R R.The Language of Evaluation—Appraisal in English[M].New York:Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.

[3]李战子.评价理论:在话语分析中的应用和问题[J].外语研究, 2004 (5) .

[4]王振华.评价系统及其运作——系统功能语言学的新发展[J].外国语, 2001 (6) .

[5]张德禄, 刘世铸.形式与意义的范畴化——兼评《评价语言一英语的评价系统》[J].外语教学与研究, 2006 (6) .

篇4：米歇尔奥巴马演讲稿

【关键词】话语修辞 五位一体戏剧理论 统一理论

在当今的政治舞台上，男性已不再握有绝对主导权利。女性，尤其是政要们的夫人所产生的影响力与日俱增，如安·罗姆尼在2012年大选前在共和党全国大会上所作的一场演讲。演讲是一种对语言的特殊运用，作为一种重要的政治宣传手段，演讲主要是发挥其劝说功用！伯克认为： “人一旦运用语言，便不可避免地进入修辞情景。”结合这类女性特定的身份角色这一背景来思考，就会发现他们的演讲其实具有很强的修辞目的。从戏剧理论来探索这一演讲的修辞目的，从同一理论来发掘演讲者是如何一步步地将其动机传递给受话者，使其与发话者达成同一、诱发行动，从而加深读者对该演说的理解和认识。

一、新修辞学理论

戏剧理论是通过戏剧分析来研究人类行为关系和动机的一种方法。人的任何行为都是欲望的表现，都有其相应的动机。因此这一理论将话语看做戏剧，揭示其中隐含的修辞动机，通过“行为”“执行者”“方法”“场景”以及“目的”这五个要素间的关系确定关系比，这个关系比的不同会表现成不同的话语动机。

同一理论在伯克新修辞理论中占有重要地位。伯克认为，只有修辞者使用符号或语言与听众取得“同一”时，才能达到诱发他人行为的目的。取得“同一”主要有三种方式：“同情认同”、“对立认同”和“误同”。“同情认同”强调听众与说话者的共同感情、信仰和利益等，借此达到听者对说话者的认同；“对立认同”则是大家通过共同的对立面而形成联合；“误同”是一种普遍存在的认识误区，是日常广告的惯用手法。

二、对米歇尔演讲的修辞分析

1米歇尔的演讲动机分析

在美国北卡罗来纳州夏洛特市举行的民主党全国代表大会上，第一夫人米歇尔进行了声情并茂的演说，时值美国大选时期，面对罗姆尼这样的强劲对手，米歇尔的演讲无疑是在为丈夫奥巴马做宣传，赢得更多的支持。她的演讲内容着力表现奥巴马能够深切理解美国普通大众的生活疾苦，能够继续更好地进行改革，以此赢得民心。

米歇尔的演讲采取的是循序渐进的方式，内容大致可以分为四部分。

第一部分从美国精神入手。描述了她成为第一夫人后游历美国的所见所闻，宣扬着人们仍旧使其熠熠生辉的美国精神，既作为一个美国国民的自尊自豪感、开拓进取，富民强国的精神以及实用主义。她所用到的元素有：

场景：民主党全国代表大会

执行者：米歇尔

行为：讲述自己所感受到的美国精神

方法：通过自己的见闻

目的：唤起人们共同拥有的美国精神

这部分米歇尔突出了“执行者-行为”的关系比，在这个充满政治色彩的舞台上，米歇尔没有开门见山的直接提出政治观点，即使在当今时代，第一夫人过度干预政治仍然会遭到反感。她选择循序渐进的方式来引入话题，首先树立自己在听众心中的权威，让听众觉得她的话值得信赖。在开篇，丝毫没有提及政治，而是非常直接的从美国精神这一大众非常公认的话题切入。“I have seen the very best of the American spirit.”“I have seen it...I have seen it...I have seen it...”使用氣势磅礴的排比句来进一步表现这种美国精神，表现出自身对这种美国精神的崇尚。这是米歇尔演讲策略的第一步，利用“执行者-行为”关系比，迎合了大众的角色期待，即一位与他们同样崇尚美国精神的角色，让人们对其产生信赖，认为米歇尔所说的话是值得信赖的，为下文所植入的政治观点做好铺垫。

第二部分承上启下。从对美国精神的谈论转到对奥巴马夫妇成长经历的讲述，他们是如何在艰苦的环境中如何践行伟大的美国精神的。“You see， Barack and I were both raised by families......never imagined for themselves.”这一部分所用到的元素有：

场景：美国-一个伟大的国度

执行者：米歇尔&奥巴马

行为：从贫苦人民到成功者

方法：不断努力去争取和奋斗

目的：实现美国精神

这一部分突出的“行为-执行者”的关系比，在总统大选中要努力拉取的选票更多是来自普通大众的，因此赢得民众的信任是十分必要的。米歇尔强调奥巴马与自己艰辛的成长历程、卑微的家庭背景。第一夫人的此番言论让人联想到了共和党总统候选人罗姆尼优越的家庭背景，米歇尔想以此来说明，奥巴马才是真正理解民众苦难并以改善百姓生活为己任的国家领导人。米歇尔指出，奥巴马深知并践行了美国精神，渴望所有的美国人都能获得同样的机会。她含泪提到，奥巴马由单身母亲艰辛抚养长大，能明白普通家庭的疾苦，所以对奥巴马来讲，所有的问题，归根结底不是政治问题，而是感同身受的“个人问题”。

第三部分是米歇尔对奥巴马工作上的肯定与支持。希望得到更多美国民众的支持，共同践行美国精神。“I love that we can trust Barack to do what he says he’s going to do，even when it’s hard especially when it’s hard.”这部分涉及的元素：

场景：经济仍旧不景气，医疗改革亟待解决的社会现状

执行者：奥巴马

行为：继续刺激经济发展并尽快解决医疗改革问题

方法：总统的领导以及民众共同的努力

目的：改善社会状况，“救民于水火”

这一部分突出“场景-行为”关系比，其中的行为是该场景所要求的，并由场景来确定合适与否。经济低迷，医疗改革问题突出，教育资源分配不均等社会现状，米歇尔以奥巴马为例，把这一关系比推向听众，使听众产生内心对改革的期望，强调出采取改革行动的必要性，呼吁群众继续支持奥巴马推进改革，共同迎来美好的愿景。

综上所述，米歇尔首先营造自身的可信形象，进一步通过讲述她与奥巴马的艰辛成长经历来拉拢广大民众的心，最后从讲述改革问题来唤起民众对改革的信心以继续支持奥巴马。

2米歇尔的修辞分析

修辞行为的使用在于消除存在的分歧与隔阂以达到“同一”。演讲者将听众与其自身同一的过程，通过符号系统中的等级观念使其产生转变观念的冲动。米歇尔将这两个方面很好的运用在一起，达到其鼓舞听众支持奥巴马的意图。

2.1“同一”的过程

演讲者通过话语使听众感觉到自己与演讲者有大量的共同之处，从而不知不觉的加入到了演讲者的队伍中。

2.1.1同情认同

米歇尔首先是借用美国精神这一美国国民普遍的价值观念，她用自己的所见所闻来表现自己跟大家一样崇尚的美国精神。“I have seen it......ur proud military families…”米歇尔以此来表达自己是大家中的一员，拉近了与听众之间的距离，她同样是一位普通的美国人民，有着同样的感受，引起大家的共鸣，让大家觉得与米歇尔之间有着共同的感触，产生了一种亲近感。强调了美国人民的这种精神带给她深深的影响。“Every day， the people I meet inspire me... in the greatest nation on earth.”这迎合了大众需要被关注的心理，强化了大众对米歇尔的肯定。

紧接着米歇尔将话题转向了自己与奥巴马相识相爱，以此将听众的注意力转移到奥巴马身上，其精明之处就在于懂得挑选材料，恰到好处的表现出讲者的观点，以达到劝说的效果。米歇尔在演讲中选取了自己，奥巴马，自己父亲的奋斗史作为素材，奥巴马夫妇直到40岁才还完了学生贷款；米歇尔的父亲是城市水厂的一名泵浦操作员。就和很多人一样，米歇尔父亲衡量生命成功的方式是靠工作让自己的家庭过上体面的生活。他们学会了做自尊正派的人——努力工作远比挣钱多少重要…帮助别人比自己争先更有意义。我们学会了做诚实守信的人——要讲究真相…不能妄图走捷径或耍小伎俩…以及公平争取来的成功才算数。他们都是依靠自己诚实的劳动取得了成功，没有任何捷径，“泵浦操作员”、“贷款”等词与下层社会联系密切，但“总统”、“第一夫人”这样的词汇又深深的反应出了他们身份地位的改变，即使如此，这仍让人们感受到了来自社会底层的他们深知民众的疾苦，处在底层时的他们仍旧朝着美国梦努力着。这使得米歇尔和奥巴马都与美国民众联系在了一起。最后通过孩子这一对象成功的连接到了美国千千万万的家庭。

2.1.2对立认同

对立认同是“通过分裂而达成凝聚的最迫切的形式”这里所说的分裂指的是对立面。因为对立面的存在，讲者与说话者达成认同，形成联合，树立共同的敌人。

米歇尔从妻子的角度为听众讲述了奥巴马为大家所做的努力，奥巴马来自于底层社会，能够更加深刻且真切的理解民眾苦难并成为以改善百姓生活为己任的国家领导人。相比之下，共和党总统候选人罗姆尼有着优越的家庭背景，他此前多次提到自己的“成功”，但他举的例子就是在贝恩公司担任首席执行官时赚了“大钱”。因此，米歇尔在演讲中特意指出：“对奥巴马来说，成功不在于你拥有多少财富，而是你能改变和影响民众的生活。”这就给普通民众的心理设定了一个比较对象，相比较出身优越的罗姆尼，奥巴马似乎更适合成为代表民众呼声的总统，更加能够实施有利于大众的改革，从而对罗姆尼的印象处于一种怀疑态度，这就成功的塑造了共同的对立面。使得民心更加倾向于有着相似成长经历的奥巴马。

在演讲中通过同情认同和对立认同来减少分歧，建立起的同一是众多政治演讲中惯用的手法。

3结语

伯克的新修辞理论所蕴含的内容为我们研究演讲中的修辞效果提供了新的视角。本文以此对米歇尔《希望不死，永存斗志》的演讲进行了较为深入的分析。运用戏剧理论将演讲分为三部分，分析修辞动机；运用同一理论分析米歇尔如何从同情、对立两个方面来赢得更多的支持。可以看出许多政要夫人的演讲多数都隐含着巨大的政治目的，本文即是表现除了米歇尔为他的丈夫拉取选票，提升支持率的目的。同时，这也为我们对其他演讲进行修辞分析提供了借鉴。

【参考文献】

[1] 温科学，20世纪西方修辞学理论研究[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社，2006

[2] 张威，伯克新修辞语篇分析模式的研究[D]，哈尔滨：黑龙江大学西语学院，2007

[3] 鞠玉梅，肯尼斯·伯克新修辞学理论评述：戏剧五位一体理论[J]，外语学刊，2003（4）：73-77

[4] 肯尼斯·博克，当代西方修辞学：演讲与话语批评[M].常昌富，顾宝桐，译，北京：：中国社会科学出版社，1998：161

[5] 周强，基于肯尼斯·伯克新修辞学的语篇解读模式：以葛底斯堡演说为例[J].长春工程学院学报：社会科学版，2010（1）：111-113

篇5：米歇尔奥巴马演讲稿

3月22日上午，美国第一夫人米歇尔造访北京大学，并接受北大校长赠书。之后，米歇尔在北大斯坦福中心以“读万卷书不如行万里路”为主题的演讲。在米歇尔的演讲中，“留学”成为关键词。她化用中国古语“读万卷书，不如行万里路”，并结合自身经历现身说法，希望让更多青年人拥有留学的机会。以下为米歇尔演讲的双语全文： MRS.OBAMA:(Applause.)Thank you.Well, ni-hao.(Laughter.)It is such a pleasure and an honor to be here with all of you at this great university, so thank you so much for having me.谢谢。你好。很高兴也很荣幸来到这里，在这所伟大的大学和你们共聚一堂。非常感谢你们邀请我。

Now, before I get started today, on behalf of myself and my husband, I just want to say a few very brief words about Malaysia Airlines Flight 370.As my husband has said, the United States is offering as many resources as possible to assist in the search.And please know that we are keeping all of the families and loved ones of those on this flight in our thoughts and prayers at this very difficult time.在我今天开始之前，代表我自己和我的丈夫，我想就马来西亚航空公司的MH370航班简短说两句。如我丈夫所说，美国正提供尽可能多的资源协助搜寻工作。请相信，在这个非常艰难的时刻，我们的心和航班上人员的家属和亲人在一起，我们为他们祈祷。Now with that, I want to start by recognizing our new Ambassador to China, Ambassador Baucus.President Wang;Chairman Zhu;Vice President Li;Director Cueller;Professor Oi, and the Stanford Center;President Sexton from New York University, which is an excellent study abroad program in Shanghai;and John Thornton, Director of the Global Leadership Program at Tsinghua University.Thank you all for joining us.现在，我们首先来认识一下美国新任驻华大使——博卡斯大使。王校长、朱主席、李副校长、Cuelluer主任、Jean Oi教授和斯坦福中心，纽约大学的塞克顿斯校长（该校在上海开设了一个优秀的海外留学项目），以及清华大学全球领袖项目主任约翰•桑顿，由衷地感谢大家的到来。

But most of all, I want to thank all of the students who are here today.And I particularly want to thank Eric Schaefer and Zhu Xuanhao for that extraordinary English and Chinese introduction.That was a powerful symbol of everything that I want to talk with you about today.最重要的是，我要感谢今天所有到场的学生们......我要特别感谢埃里克•谢弗和朱宣皓的精彩英文和中文介绍。这绝佳地诠释了我今天要和大家聊的全部话题。

See, by learning each other’s languages, and by showing such curiosity and respect for each other’s cultures, Mr.Schafer and Ms.Zhu and all of you are building bridges of understanding that will lead to so much more.And I’m here today because I know that our future depends on connections like these among young people like you across the globe.你们看，通过学习彼此的语言，通过展现对彼此文化的好奇心和尊重，谢弗先生、朱女士以及你们大家正在搭建理解的桥梁，这些桥梁带来更多的丰硕成果。我今天来到你们这里是因为我知道，我们的未来取决于全球像你们这样年轻人间的这样的联系。

That’s why when my husband and I travel abroad, we don’t just visit palaces and parliaments and meet with heads of state.We also come to schools like this one to meet with students like you, because we believe that relationships between nations aren’t just about relationships between governments or leaders--they’re about relationships between people, particularly young people.So we view study abroad programs not just as an educational opportunity for students, but also as a vital part of America’s foreign policy.这也是为什么我们夫妇在国外访问时，不只参观宫殿、议会和会晤国家元首。我们也来到学校，与像你们一样的学生见面。因为我们相信，国与国之间的关系不只是政府或领导人之间的关系，它们是人民间―特别是年轻人之间的关系。因此，我们认为海外留学项目不只是为学生提供的教育机会，还是美国外交政策至关重要的组成部分。Through the wonders of modern technology, our world is more connected than ever before.Ideas can cross oceans with the click of a button.Companies can do business and compete with companies across the globe.And we can text, email, Skype with people on every continent.通过现代技术奇迹，我们的世界比以往任何时候都更多地联系在一起。思想可以通过点击按钮跨越海洋。全球各地的公司可以进行业务往来和相互竟争。我们可以与各大洲的人们通过短信、电子邮件和Skype进行沟通。

So studying abroad isn’t just a fun way to spend a semester;it is quickly becoming the key to success in our global economy.Because getting ahead in today’s workplaces isn’t just about getting good grades or test scores in school, which are important.It’s also about having real experience with the world beyond your borders –-experience with languages, cultures and societies very different from your own.Or, as the Chinese saying goes: ―It is better to travel ten thousand miles than to read ten thousand books.‖

因此，出国留学不只是以开心的方式度过一个学期——它正迅速成为全球化经济中取得成功的关键。因为要走在当今职场的前沿，只在学校里取得好成绩是不够的，还应拥有国境外的真实体验：体验完全不同的语言、文化和社会。正如中国的一句古话所说：―读万卷书，不如行万里路。‖

But let’s be clear, studying abroad is about so much more than improving your own future.It’s also about shaping the future of your countries and of the world we all share.Because when it comes to the defining challenges of our time-– whether it’s climate change or economic opportunity or the spread of nuclear weapons--these are shared challenges.And no one country can confront them alone.The only way forward is together.我想要说的是，出国留学绝不仅是改善你们自己的未来，它也关乎塑造你们的国家、关乎我们共有的世界的未来。因为我们这个时代的决定性挑战一一无论是气侯变化、经济机遇，还是核武器扩散一一这些都是我们共同的挑战。没有任何一个国家能够单独应对它们……唯一的出路就是共同携手。

That’s why it is so important for young people like you to live and study in each other’s countries, because that’s how you develop that habit of cooperation.You do it by immersing yourself in one another’s culture, by learning each other’s stories, by getting past the stereotypes and misconceptions that too often divide us.这就是为什么年轻人到彼此国家学习和生活是如此重要。因为这是你们培养合作习惯的途径一一你们通过融入不同的文化，通过了解彼此的故事，通过跨越常常隔膜我们的成见和误解，来做到这一点。That’s how you come to understand how much we all share.That’s how you realize that we all have a stake in each other’s success--that cures discovered here in Beijing could save lives in America, that clean energy technologies from Silicon Valley in California could improve the environment here in China, that the architecture of an ancient temple in Xi’an could inspire the design of new buildings in Dallas or Detroit.这是你们了解到我们共享多少东西的途径。这是你们认识到我们的成功惠及彼此的途径。在北京发现的治序方法可以挽救在美国的生命，来自加州硅谷的清洁能源技术可以改善中国的环境，西安一座古老寺庙的架构可激发达拉斯或者底特律新建筑设计的灵感。

And that’s when the connections you make as classmates or labmates can blossom into something more.That’s what happened when Abigail Coplin became an American Fulbright Scholar here at Peking University.She and her colleagues published papers together in top science journals, and they built research partnerships that lasted long after they returned to their home countries.And Professor Niu Ke from Peking University was a Fulbright Scholarship--Scholar in the U.S.last year, and he reported--and this is a quote from him--he said, ―The most memorable experiences were with my American friends.‖

这是你们与同学、实验伙伴建立起的联系能带来更多收获的时候。阿比盖尔•柯普林成为北京大学美国富布赖特学者的时候，她与同事们在首屈一指的科学杂志上共同发表论文，建立研究伙伴关系，这段关系在他们各自回国后还长久持续着。来自北京大学的牛可教授是去年的美国富布赖特学者。我引述下他的话，―最难忘的经历是和我的美国朋友们在一起。‖

These lasting bonds represent the true value of studying abroad.And I am thrilled that more and more students are getting this opportunity.As you’ve heard, China is currently the fifth most popular destination for Americans studying abroad, and today, the highest number of exchange students in the U.S.are from China.这些长久的纽带代表留学的真正价值，我很兴奋，越来越多的学生正得到这样的机会。中国目前是美国人留学的第五大热门目的地。今天的美国，来自中国的交换生数量最多。

But still, too many students never have this chance, and some that do are hesitant to take it.They may feel like studying abroad is only for wealthy students or students from certain kinds of universities.Or they may think to themselves, well, that sounds fun but how will it be useful in my life? And believe me, I understand where these young people are coming from because I felt the same way back when I was in college.尽管如此，太多的学生从来没有这样的机会，而一些有机会的学生则犹豫是否要抓住它。他们可能觉得留学只是有钱的学生或来自某类大学的学生的事。或者，他们可能心里想，―嗯，这听起来很有趣，但它在我的生活中真正有多大用处？‖ 我理解这些年轻人，因为我在上大学时也有同样的感受。

See, I came from a working-class family, and it never occurred to me to study abroad--never.My parents didn’t get a chance to attend college, so I was focused on getting into a university, earning my degree so that I could get a good job to support myself and help my family.And I know for a lot of young people like me who are struggling to afford a regular semester of school, paying for plane tickets or living expenses halfway around the world just isn’t possible.And that’s not acceptable, because study abroad shouldn’t just be for students from certain backgrounds.你们知道，我来自一个工薪阶层家庭，我甚至从来没想过留学。我的父母没有上过大学，我将精力集中在进入大学并获得学位，这样我就可以得到一份工作并养活自己、帮助家人。对于很多像我一样靠奋斗才能读得起一个常规学期的年轻人来说，支付世界另一边的机票或生活费实在是不可能的。这是不可接受的，因为留学不应仅属于有一些背景的学生。

Our hope is to build connections between people of all races and socioeconomic backgrounds, because it is that diversity that truly will change the face of our relationships.So we believe that diversity makes our country vibrant and strong.And our study abroad programs should reflect the true spirit of America to the world.我们希望在所有种族和社会经济背景的人之间建立联系，因为正是这样的多样性让我们的国家如此充满活力和强大……我们的海外留学项目应向世界反映美国的真正精神。

And that’s why when my husband visited China back in 2009, he announced the 100,000 Strong initiative to increase the number and diversity of American students studying in China.And this year, as we mark the 35th anniversary of the normalization of relationships between our two countries, the U.S.government actually supports more American students in China than in any other country in the world.这就是为什么在2009年我的丈夫访问中国时，宣布了我们的10万项倡议，该倡议旨在增加留学中国的美国学生的数量和多样性。而今年，在我们纪念中美两国关系正常化三十五周年之际，美国政府实际上支持更多的美国学生在中国学习。

We are sending high school, college and graduate students here to study Chinese.We’re inviting teachers from China to teach Mandarin in American schools.We’re providing free online advising for students in China who want to study in the U.S.And the U.S.-China Fulbright program is still going strong with more than 3,000 alumni.我们正将高中生、大学生和研究生送到这里来学习中文，我们正邀请中国老师到美国的高校教授普通话，我们为希望留学美国的中国学生提供免费的在线咨询。美中富布赖特项目仍在加强，现有3000多名学友。

And the private sector is stepping up as well.For example, Steve Schwarzman, who is the head of an American company called Blackstone, is funding a new program at Tsinghua University modeled on the Rhodes Scholarship.And today, students from all kinds of backgrounds are studying here in China.私人部门也在加紧工作。例如，美国黑石公司的主管斯蒂夫•施瓦茨曼正在资助清华大学模仿罗德奖学全的一个新项目。今天，来自不同背景的学生正在中国学习。

Take the example of Royale Nicholson, who’s from Cleveland, Ohio.She attends New York University’s program in Shanghai.Now, like me, Royale is a first-generation college student.And her mother worked two full-time jobs while her father worked nights to support their family.And of her experience in Shanghai, Royale said--and this is her quote--she said, ―This city oozes persistence and inspires me to accomplish all that I can.‖ And happy birthday, Royale.It was her birthday yesterday.(Laughter.)以来自俄亥俄州克利夫兰的罗亚尔为例，她参加了纽约大学在上海的项目。像我一样，罗亚尔是家里的第一代大学生。她母亲做两份全职工作，而她父亲晚上工作以维持他们的家庭。谈到她在上海的经历时，她说：―这座城市充满韧性，它激励我完成所有我能做的事。‖ 对了，罗亚尔，我祝你生日快乐。昨天正好是她的生日。

And then there’s Philmon Haile from the University of Washington, whose family came to the U.S.as refugees from Eritrea when he was a child.And of his experience studying in China, he said, ―Study abroad is a powerful vehicle for people-to-people exchange as we move into a new era of citizen diplomacy.‖

还有来自华盛顿大学的腓力门•海尔，他还是孩子的时候，他的家人作为厄立特里亚难民来到了美国。谈到他在中国学习的经历时，他说：―在我们进入公民外交的新时代之际，留学是人民间交流的一种强大工具。‖

―A new era of citizen diplomacy.‖ I could not have said it better myself, because that’s really what I’m talking about.I am talking about ordinary citizens reaching out to the world.And as I always tell young people back in America, you don’t need to get on a plane to be a citizen diplomat.I tell them that if you have an Internet connection in your home, school, or library, within seconds you can be transported anywhere in the world and meet people on every continent.―一个公民外交的新时代‖一一我想不出比这更好的说法了，因为这正是我正在谈的，那就是普通公民走向世界。正如我经常对美国年轻认说的那样，你不需要登上飞机才能成为公民外交官。我告诉他们，如果你在家里、学校或者图书馆能上网，只要几秒钟，你就可以被带到世界任何地方，遇见来自每个大陆的人。

And that’s why I’m posting a daily travel blog with videos and photos of my experiences here in China, because I want young people in America to be part of this visit.And that’s really the power of technology –-how it can open up the entire world and expose us to ideas and innovations we never could have imagined.这就是为什么我每天都要发一篇旅行博文，里面有我这次中国之行的视频和照片，因为我希望美国的年轻人能成为这次访问的一部分。这确实是技术的力量——它打开整个世界，让我们接触到以前根本难以想象的思想和创新。

And that’s why it’s so important for information and ideas to flow freely over the Internet and through the media, because that’s how we discover the truth.That’s how we learn what’s really happening in our communities and our country and our world.And that’s how we decide which values and ideas we think are best –-by questioning and debating them vigorously, by listening to all sides of an argument, and by judging for ourselves.这也是为什么信息和思想在互联网上、并通过媒体自由流动是如此重要。因为那是我们发现真理的途径，那使我们得以了解我们的社群、我们的国家和我们的世界到底在发生着什么。那也是我们何以决定哪些价值观和思想是最好的——通过有力地对它们提出疑问，进行辩论，倾听各方观点，并做出自己的判断。

And believe me, I know how this can be a messy and frustrating process.My husband and I are on the receiving end of plenty of questioning and criticism from our media and our fellow citizens.And it’s not always easy, but we wouldn’t trade it for anything in the world.Because time and again, we have seen that countries are stronger and more prosperous when the voices of and opinions of all their citizens can be heard.相信我，我知道这是一个令人困惑而沮丧的过程。有大量来自我们媒体和公民的质疑和批评，而我丈夫和我位于接收端。这并非易事，但我们认为它的重要无可取代。因为我们一次又一次地看到，当所有公民的声音和观点都能得到倾听之时，国家会变得更加强大和繁荣。And as my husband has said, we respect the uniqueness of other cultures and societies, but when it comes to expressing yourself freely and worshipping as you choose and having open access to information, we believe those universal rights--they are universal rights that are the birthright of every person on this planet.We believe that all people deserve the opportunity to fulfill their highest potential as I was able to do in the United States.正像我的丈夫曾说过的，我们尊重其他文化和社会的独特性。然而，就自由地表达自我、选择自己所崇拜的东西、以及享有信息公开而言——我们相信那是地球上每个人与生俱来的权利。我们相信，所有人都应享有实现自己最大潜能的机会，正如我在美国所能做到的那样。And as you learn about new cultures and form new friendships during your time here in China and in the United States, all of you are the living, breathing embodiment of those values.So I guarantee you that in studying abroad, you’re not just changing your own life, you are changing the lives of everyone you meet.同时，当你在中国这里以及在美国了解新的文化、结交新的朋友之时，你整个人就是那些价值观的鲜活代表。所以我保证，通过出国留学，你们不仅在改变自己的人生，也在改变你所遇到的每个人的人生。And as the great American President John F.Kennedy once said about foreign students studying in the U.S., he said ―I think they teach more than they learn.‖ And that is just as true of young Americans who study abroad.All of you are America’s best face, and China’s best face, to the world--you truly are.正像伟大的美国总统约翰•肯尼迪谈到留学美国的外国学生时说的那样，―我想他们所教的比他们学到的还要多。‖而对出国学习的年径美国人来说也是一样的。对世界而言，你们所有人都是最好的美国面孔，和最好的中国面孔。

Every day, you show the world your countries’ energy and creativity and optimism and unwavering belief in the future.And every day, you remind us--and me in particular--of just how much we can achieve if we reach across borders, and learn to see ourselves in each other, and confront our shared challenges with shared resolve.每一天，你们都在向世界展示你们国家的能量、创造力、乐观，以及对未来坚定不移的信念。每一天，你们都在提醒我们，通过跨越国界，学会在彼此身上看到我们自己，和用共同的决心应对我们共同的挑战。So I hope you all will keep seeking these kinds of experiences.And I hope you’ll keep teaching each other, and learning from each other, and building bonds of friendship that will enrich your lives and enrich our world for decades to come.所以，我希望你们都会不断寻求这样的经历。我希望你们能继续受益于彼此，互相学习，同时建立起友谊的纽带，而这些纽带能在未来数十年丰富你们的生活，也丰富我们的世界。

篇6：米歇尔奥巴马演讲稿

Mrs.Obama lauded the school — it’s on the site of one of the city’s first to educate African-Americans — for its graduation rate, spirit of volunteerism and healthy food programs.She noted that each graduate was going on to either higher education or the military.She said MLK reminded her of her own high school experience in Chicago.“My No.1 goal was to go to a high school that would push me and challenge me,” she said.“I wanted to go somewhere that would celebrate achievement.A place where academic success wouldn’t make me a target of teasing or bullying, but instead would be a badge of honor.” But Mrs.Obama lamented that not all students have the same opportunities.Unfortunately, schools like this don’t exist for every kid,” she said.“You are blessed.”

The first lady told graduates that failure may be a part of their college lives and careers, and that how they respond to any pitfalls will define them.“That’s when you find out what you’re really made of in those hard times,” she said.“But you can only do that if you’re willing to put yourself in a position where you might fail.”

Overcoming adversity has been the hallmark of many great people, she said.“Oprah was demoted from her first job as a news anchor, and now she doesn’t even need a last name,” she said of media giant Oprah Winfrey.“And then there’s this guy Barack Obama … he lost his first race for Congress, and now he gets to call himself my husband.”

The first lady joked: “I could take up a whole afternoon talking about his failures.” Mrs.Obama later presented graduate diplomas on stage and posed for photos with graduates.又是一年毕业季，美国第一夫人米歇尔·奥巴马5月18日向毕业生现身说法，告诫他们在大学、生活和工作中要走自己的路，依靠决心和勇气战胜不可避免的失败。

据美国媒体报道，米歇尔当天在田纳西州马丁·路德·金高中毕业典礼上致辞。在22分钟的演讲中，她告诉170名毕业生，当年她在大学致力于学业，之后如愿以偿地摘取高职，但最终投身公共服务。

“今天我要告诉大家的是：不要为别人的梦想浪费一分钟。要想知道带给你快乐的是什么，必须付出真正的努力。仅仅依靠查看邮箱或夸大成绩，你不会找到钟爱的工作。”

她说，马丁·路德·金高中让她联想到自己在芝加哥的高中经历。

“我的第一目标是进入能提高和考验我的高中。”她说，“我想去一个歌颂成绩的地方。在那里，学术成功不会使我成为戏弄或欺负的对象，而是荣誉的象征。”

但奥巴马夫人感慨万千：并非所有学生都有同样的机遇。她说，“可惜，这样的学校并非为每个孩子而存在，你们很幸运。”

她告诉毕业生们，失败也许是他们大学生活和职业生涯的一部分，未来取决于他们如何面对困难和错误。

她说，战胜逆境一直是许多伟大人物的标志。

“奥普拉从事第一份新闻主播工作时曾被降职，而今，提到她甚至不需要提她的姓。”她提到传媒巨人奥普拉·温弗里，“还有巴拉克·奥巴马这个家伙。第一次国会竞选，他大败而归，而现在，他开始自称是我的丈夫。” 第一夫人开玩笑说，“我可以用整个下午讲他的失败。”