1奥巴马就职演讲

2024-05-02

1奥巴马就职演讲(共6篇)

篇1:1奥巴马就职演讲

I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors.I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath.The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace.Yet, every so often the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms.At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because We the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forbearers, and true to our founding documents.So it has been.So it must be with this generation of Americans.That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood.Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred.Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age.Homes have been lost;jobs shed;businesses shuttered.Our

health care is too costly;our schools fail too many;and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet.These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics.Less

measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our landthey will be met.On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord.On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics.We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things.The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit;to choose our better history;to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.In reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given.It must be earned.Our journey has never been one of

short-cuts or settling for less.It has not been the path for the faint-heartedsome celebrated but more often men and women obscure in their labor, who have carried us up the long, rugged path towards prosperity and freedom.For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life.For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the West;endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth.For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg;

Normandy and Khe Sanh.Time and again these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life.They saw America as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions;greater than all the differences of birth or wealth or faction.This is the journey we continue today.We remain the most prosperous,powerful nation on Earth.Our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began.Our minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week or last month or last year.Our capacity remains undiminished.But our time of standing pat, of protecting narrow interests and putting off unpleasant decisionsnot only to create new jobs, but to lay a new foundation for growth.We will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids and digital lines that feed our commerce and bind us together.We will restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology’s wonders to raise health care’s quality and lower its cost.We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our factories.And we will transform our schools and colleges and universities to meet the demands of a new age.All this we can do.And all this we will do.

篇2:1奥巴马就职演讲

我今天站在这里,因为面前的任务而感到谦卑,因为你们的信任而心存感激,同时铭记先辈们做所出的巨大牺牲。感谢布什总统为这个国家做出的贡献,同时也谢谢他在整个政权交接期间表现出的慷慨与合作。

迄今已经有44名美国人宣誓就任总统。这些誓词曾出现在繁荣的上升趋势和如水般平静的和平中,当然,也经常会出现在乌云密布和狂风暴雨之时。在这各种时刻,美国一直在继续前行,这不仅仅是因为执政的技巧或者有先见之明,而是因为我们的人民一直在坚守先辈们的理想,忠实履行我们的建国宣言。过去是这样,这一代的美国人仍将会坚持这样做。

众所周知,我们目前正处在危机之中。我们的国家正在对暴力和仇恨宣战。我们的经济也被严重削弱,这是一些人贪婪和不负责任的后果,但在做出艰难选择和准备迎接新时代方面,我们出现了集体性的失误。房屋失去了;工作丢掉了;商业萧条了;我们的卫生保健耗资巨大;我们太多的学校不合格;每天都能找到更多的证据表明我们利用能源的方式使得对手更加强大,并且威胁到了我们整个星球。

这些数据和统计都是危机的表现特征。虽然无法具备测量,但产生的深远影响是我们的信心受到了侵蚀--担心美国的衰退不可避免,担心下一代会降低他们的期待。

今天我要向你们说的是,我们面临的挑战是真实存在的。这些挑战很多,而且非常严重,它们不会轻易地或者在短时间内就能得以解决。但大家也必须认识到,美国,终将会解决这些困难。

今天,我们聚集在这里,是因为我选择用希望来战胜恐惧,用团结来战胜冲突与分歧。

今天,我们来到这里将结束悲戚和错误的承诺,抛弃指责和教条主义这些扼杀我们政治的东西。

我们仍然是一个年轻的国家,但现在应该摒弃充满孩子气的行为,重申我们不朽的精神;选择我们更好的历史;宏扬那些珍贵而且高尚的理念,并将这一代一代地传递下去。上帝认为天下众生皆平等,众生皆自由,而且都应该拥有追求幸福的机会。

在重申我们国家的伟大时,我们必须明白,伟大绝对不会是一种馈赠,而是要靠我们去努力争取。我们的征途从来没有捷径,也不属于那些胆怯懦弱、消谴工作或者只追求财富名利的人。

为了我们,他们整理起自己不多的物品开始穿越大海寻找新的生活;为了我们,他们在血汗工厂辛苦劳作,忍受着皮鞭的抽打并且犁开坚硬的土地;为了我们,他们在诸如康科得、盖茨堡、诺曼底等等地方作战并献出生命。

这些男男女女们不停地奋斗和牺牲,一直工作直到双手生疼,目的只是为了过上更好一些的生活。在他们的眼中,美国比他们个人的报负更加重要,也比所有出身、财富或者宗派之间的差别更加重要。这就是我们今天仍在继续的征程。我们仍然是世界上最繁荣、最强大的国家。当这场危机开始后,我们工人的生产力并没有下降;我们的思想也没有失去创造力;我们现在需要的商品和服务,并没有比上周、上月或者去年减少;我们的生产力并没有降低。从今天开始,我们必须振作起来,拂去身上的灰尘,重新开始振兴美国。

环视周围,到处是要做的工作。目前的经济状况要求我们采取大胆和迅速的行动,我们将采取行动,不仅是创造新的工作岗位,而且是为经济的增长奠定新的基石。我们将建设道路和桥梁、电网和数字网络,它们将为我们的商业活动服务,把我们联系在一起。我们将使科学回归其位,应用科学技术来提高医疗的质量并降低其费用。我们将利用太阳能、风能、潮汐能来驱动我们的汽车,运营我们的工厂。我们将变革我们的学校、学院和大学以满足新时代的需求。这些是我们能够做的,我们将做这一切。

现在,有些人质疑我们的雄心壮志。他们称,我们的制度不能容忍太多宏伟的计划,他们很健忘,因为他们已忘记了这个国家曾经作过的事情,忘记了自由的男女在想像力和共同目标、必要性和勇气相结合的情况下所能取得的成就。愤世嫉俗者未能理解的是,他们脚下的土地已发生了变动,过去那种消耗我们太长时间的陈腐的政治争论将不会重现。我们今天问的问题将不是我们的政府是过大或者过小,而是它是否有效-它是否能帮助家庭找到可支付体面工资的工作,向他们提供可支付得起的医疗服务,提供有尊严的退休。当答案是肯定时,我们就会推动这一项目。当答案是否定时,我们就会结束这一项目。我们所有管理公共资金的人将在这一标准下工作-明智地花钱、改革坏习惯、使我们的活动透明化,因为只有这样,我们才能恢复人民和他们政府之间的至关重要的信任。对于我们来说,市场是好是坏并不是一个问题,市场产生财富和扩展自由的能力是无以匹敌的。但这场危机提醒我们,没有有效的监管,市场会失控。当一个国家只青睐富人时,它的繁荣将无法持久。我们经济的成功不仅取决于我们国民生产总值的总量,而且取决于我们共享繁荣的范围,取决于我们将机会扩大至每个愿意抓住机会的人,这不仅是出于慈善之心,而是因为这是一条通往我们共同利益的最确切的道路。

就我们共同的防务而言,我们拒绝那种在我们的安全和我们的理想之间作出取舍的错误选择。我们的建国先辈曾面临我们几乎无法想像的危险,他们起草了确保法制和人权的宪章,数代美国人的鲜血扩展了这一宪章。这些理想仍然照亮

着世界,我们将不会为了权宜之计而放弃它们。对于所有那些今天在观看就职典礼的世界其它各地的人民和政府,从宏伟的首都至我父亲所出生的那个小村庄,请明白,美国是所有国家、所有试图寻求和平和尊严男人、女人、儿童的朋友,我们已作好了再次担任领导者的准备。

我们回忆起前几辈的美国人,他们不仅仅是靠导弹和坦克击败法西斯主义,而且是靠紧密的联盟和持久的信念。他们明白,我们自身的力量不足以保护我们,也不会使我们为所欲为。相反,他们知道,我们的力量只有在谨慎使用的情况下才会增涨,我们的安全来源于我们事业的正义、我们榜样的力量、人性和克制的品格。

我们是这种遗产的继承者。这些原则将再次指引我们,我们可以应对那些需要更多努力的新威胁,这些新威胁需要国家之间进行更大程度的合作和理解。我们将负责任地把伊拉克交给它的人民,我们将在阿富汗推动负出重大代价才赢得的和平。我们将和老朋友和前敌手一起毫不松懈地削弱核威胁,应对全球变暖。我们将不会为我们的生活方式道歉,我们也不会放松我们的防务。对通过谋杀无辜者推动自己生活方式的人,我们对你们说,我们的精神更为强大,它无法被挫败,你们不可能消灭我们,我们将击败你们。

我们都知道,我们各类遗产的汇集是一种力量,而不是脆弱。美国是由信仰基督教、伊斯兰教、犹太教和印度教的人们以及无信仰人士组成的国家,来自地球上每一个角落的语言和文化在这里融汇。我们有过内战和种族隔离的惨痛经历,翻过黑暗的一页,我们因此变得更加强大、更加团结,我们因此坚信古老的仇恨总有一天会化解,部族之间的隔阂很快就会消除。我们坚信,随着世界变得越来越小,我们共有的人道精神将放出光芒,美国必须克尽己职,开创一个和平的新纪元。

对于穆斯林世界,我们将寻求新的共处之道,一种基于共同利益和相互尊重的方式。对于世界上那些播种冲突的种子或将自己社会的弊病归咎于西方的领导人,你们应该明白一点,你们的人民将根据你们所建设的而非破坏的来对你们作出评判。对于那些通过腐败、欺骗和镇压异见者来攫取权力的领导人,你们应该明白自己在违逆历史的潮流,但如果你们愿意松开拳头,我们将向你们提供帮助。对于那些贫穷国家的人民,我们发誓将跟你们并肩战斗,让你们的农场繁茂、让洁净的水源流淌,让挨饿的身体获得营养、让饥渴的头脑获得食粮。对于那些像我们一样相对富有的国家,我们要说,我们再也不能对自己国界之外的苦难漠不关心,我们再也不能不顾后果地消耗世界的资源。这个世界已经改变,我们必须与之俱变。

当我们展望未来的路途,我们怀着谦卑的感激想起此时此刻正守卫在边远的沙漠和山区的勇敢的美国人。今天他们有话要对我们说,就像躺在阿林顿国家公墓里那些倒下的英雄的低语一样。我们之所以尊敬他们,不仅仅因为他们为我们的自由保驾护航,更是因为他们践行着服务的精神,以及在比自身更宏伟的事物上寻找意义的崇高意愿。然而就在此时,这个将影响一代人的时刻,我们所有人需要的正是这种精神。

因为不论政府能做什么和必须做什么,最终这个国家都要依赖美国人民的信念和决心。它是当堤坝溃决后收留一个陌生人的仁善,它是那些宁愿减少自己的工时也不愿看见一位朋友失业、帮助我们度过黑暗时光的工人的大公无私,它是消防员们冲进浓烟滚滚的楼梯的勇气,也是那些养育小孩并最终决定我们的命运的父母们的意愿。

我们可能面临着全新的挑战,我们应对这些挑战的手段也可能是全新的,但是我们的成功所仰赖的价值标准却是古老的——勤劳、诚实、勇气、公正、忍耐、好奇、忠诚和爱国。这些东西都是真实的,它们在整个美国历史上一直是我们取得进步的背后推动力。现在所亟需的是回归这些真理,现在我们需要进入一个新的责任时代——需要每个美国人都认识到,我们对自己、对这个国家、对整个世界都负有责任,不是勉强接受的责任,而是当仁不让,应该彻底明白一点,即除非将我们的一切献给一项艰巨的任务,我们的精神无法获得满足、我们的人格也无法获得塑造。

这是作为一位公民的价值和承诺。

这是我们的信心之源,是上帝召唤我们去塑造一个不确定的命运。

这是我们的自由和信念的意义所在——为什么不同信仰、不同种族的男女老少能够在这个宏伟的大厅里欢聚一堂,以及为什么不到六十年前一个人的父亲还不能在当地餐馆里就餐、现在他却能够站在大家面前进行最庄严的宣誓。

让我们为这一天打上标记吧,用对我们是谁以及走过的旅程的回忆。在美国诞生的那一年,在最寒冷的季节,一小队爱国志士围着河边快要熄灭的篝火,此时河流已经冰封。首府被遗弃了。敌人在挺进。雪地上血迹斑斑。在革命成败茫然未知的时刻,我们的国父让人民听到了下面的话语:

“让未来的世界知道„„在冰天雪地的寒冬里,当唯有希望和美德幸存的时候„„这个城市和这个国家,在危险的警报响起之后,挺身迎向它们。”

篇3:奥巴马就职演讲的批评话语分析

“批评性话语分析是旨在把语言和语言使用与其意识形态意义联系起来的一种分析。语言并非仅仅是一种客观的传播媒介, 也是一种社会实践;语言不仅反映社会现实, 也是社会过程的介入力量。” (The N ews Journal, 2003) 因此, 批评性话语分析本质上是对语篇特别是大众语篇和官方话语进行的一种社会分析, 以提高读者对语言的敏感程度, 使他们认识到语言和现代社会生活之间微妙的关系以及语言运用和不平等的社会权力关系之间错综复杂的联系, 促使读者实现批评阅读 (critical reading) , 增强他们对大众语篇的反控制意识。

批评话语分析要求把语言作为一个多功能的系统, 因此, Halliday的系统功能语言学自然成了其主要的理论基础和方法来源。 (辛斌, 2005) 系统功能语法是一种比其他理论更适合于语篇分析的理论, 黄国文 (2001) 认为, 我们在分析语篇时完全可以用这种理论进行指导。Halliday将语言所能完成的具有无限可能性的功能抽象概括为三大语言元功能, 即概念功能 (ideational function) 、人际功能 (interpersonal function) 和语篇功能 (textual function) (徐珺, 2005) 。概念功能, 指语言用于表达说话者的内部经验, 世界及其各事物之间的逻辑关系的功能, 主要由及物 (transitivity) 系统来实现 (王冬梅, 2008) 。人际功能, 是指能表达作者 (讲话者) 的身份、地位、态度、动机以及他 (她) 对事物的推断的功能, 它直接与态度、观点等相关, 是一条展示意识形态作用的捷径。另外, 在语篇上, 名词化的过程隐藏了参与者和情态的成分, 减少了行为成分, 使客观性更强。修辞的应用也是政治演讲文本的一个重要特点, 不仅保证了政治演讲的流畅与生动, 还增加了文本的说服力。

本文将从及物性、人称代词的选择、情态系统, 语篇的修辞等方面, 对奥巴马就职演讲进行批评性话语分析。从中我们可以看到奥巴马是如何利用语言为其政治目的服务, 劝说美国的民众接受其宣扬的意识形态的。

2 奥巴马诺贝尔和平奖演讲分析

美国民主党总统候选人贝拉克·奥巴马在2008年11月4日举行的总统选举中击败共和党对手约翰·麦凯恩, 当选第56届美国总统。他是美国历史上首位非洲裔总统。本文以他的就职演说为语料, 在批评话语分析理论框架下, 根据语篇的具体特征, 选择性地分析及物性, 情态系统, 人称代词以及语篇修辞特点。

2.1 及物性

及物性 (transitivity) 是概念功能的一部分, 是以交代各种过程及其有关的参与者和环境成分来反映语言的概念功能, 其中物质过程、心理过程和关系过程是最常见的三种表示概念功能的过程。物质过程是表示做某件事的过程, 它有两个参与者:“动作者” (actor) 和“目标” (goal) ;心理过程是表示“感觉” (sensing) 的心理活动的过程, 一般有两个参与者:心理活动的主体“感觉者” (senser) 和客体即被感知的“现象” (phenomenon) ;关系过程是指反映事物之间处于任何关系的过程, 可分为“归属性关系过程” (attributive) 和“限定性关系过程” (descriptive) , 前者对事物进行描写, 后者对事物进行限定。

在演讲中, 奥巴马主要采用了物质过程和关系过程这两种及物性系统。在谈及如何重建美国经济和政治霸主的地位时, 奥巴马选择了对行为进行描述的物质过程:

(1) On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics.

(2) Starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking America.以上各句中的动词, “proclaim”, “pick”, “dust”, “begin”属于物质动词, 表明了奥巴马的决心, 并表明他将和美国民众一起, 改善美国现有的政治管理制度, 重拾信心, 共建全新美国。而及物性系统中的关系过程是进行评价或判断最直接的方式 (Hodge & Kress, 1979) , 如以下各句中由系动词连接名词词组或形容词形成的关系过程。

(3) Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real. They are serious and they are many. They will not be met easily or in a short span of time.

(4) Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land-a nagging fear that America's decline is inevitable, and that the next generation must lower its sights.

第三句中的“real”, “serious”, “many”是对于美国现在所面临的“challenges”的限定。第四句中的“sapping”, “nagging”则描述了美国民众所面临的信仰危机, 表明了当前局势的严重性。关系过程中一般现在时的使用增强了评价和界定的客观性。奥巴马选用这种概念过程和时态, 是想证明自己所言是普遍认可的事实, 并没有夹杂着个人的主观因素。从而, 让听众认识到美国目前所面临的问题是十分严峻的。

2.2 情态系统

系统功能语言学 (Halliday, 1994 /2000) 认为, 人们在交际过程中, 除了表达肯定和否定的两极之外, 还有介于两者之间的可能性, 即“中间状态”, 即“情态” (modality) 。情态是说话人对某个命题或提议的态度、看法, 表现了说话人的意愿或判断。全文共有单词2369个, 其中情态动词62个, 各种情态动词的使用频率如下:

但情态本身也有等级之分。情态量值分布最明显地体现在情态操作词上。通过对情态的高、中、低量值的区分, 可以看出说话者语气的轻重。当否定词在命题和情态之间转换时, 情态的高、低量值会发生逆转。要表达相对肯定的态度时采用的是高量值的情态词, 反之则使用低量值的情态词。情态词量值分布如下:

从统计数字可以看出, 奥巴马这篇演讲中用得最多的是中情态词, 共23个, 占全文情态动词的37%;高情态词, 共8个, 占全文情态动词的13%;低情态词, 共31个, 占全文情态动词的50%。这是就职演讲, 奥巴马不必使用太过激烈的情态, 只要表明自己的理念, 指出以后努力的方向。中, 低情态词的使用可以使自己的主张不带有强制的色彩, 使信息更容易被听众所接受, 从而增加了信息被听众认可的机会, 也可以避免遭受听众的批评和挑战。另外值得注意的是, 在中情态动词中, will又是演讲稿中用得最多的, 有19个之多, 占所有情态词的31%。will用于第一人称后表示决心。通过对will出现的语境的分析发现:will几乎都是刻画新总统对美国民众的承诺和未来工作的艰巨。这可以反映出奥巴马对前途所做出的主观判断, 以此来影响受众, 让他们感觉美国明天的任务很艰巨, 支持新总统的工作显得十分必要。低情态词中, 使用最多的是“can”。其大量使用使他在表达自己的执政决心和承诺时更加游刃有余。但奥巴马在这篇演讲中也使用了高情态动词“must”8次, 表示他的主观取向, 强调了美国可以而且必须取得成功, 以此来迎合美国民众的心理, 拉近与受众的距离。同时, “must”也传达出一种强制的态度, 这样总统话语权的权威化也表现得更加清楚了。

2.3 人称代词

语篇的人际元功能关注的是篇章作者和篇章意图中的读者的互动关系, 即说话人用语言表达自己的态度, 并影响听者的态度和行为。如对何人使用何种称谓, 体现着作者 (讲话者) 的态度。情态是人际功能的体现形式之一, 主观情态反映话语生成者与陈述的亲近性, 而客观情态则模糊了个体与团体的观点。在英语里, 除了情态动词、情态形容词和情态副词之外, 人称代词、实义动词、时态、直接、间接引语都可表达情态意义 (辛斌, 2005) 。政治家在演讲中非常善于运用第一人称和第二人称代词增强语言的感染力, 调节与受众之间的心理距离 (Maitland & Wilson, 1987) 。本文着重分析人际功能中的人称代词在奥巴马就职演讲中的使用。

人称代词在英语政治语篇中的应用很广泛。Beard (参见The News Journal, 2003) 指出, 政治家和他们的撰稿人对演讲中使用什么代词颇费脑汁;他们自己准备承担多大的责任;成功后他们愿意和同事分担多大的责任;他们有多大把握相信公众接受他们的观点;以及失败后他们自己准备承担多少责任。这些功能都要靠代词来实现。获胜演讲中使用的人称代词如下:

分析演讲稿我们不难发现, 在描述未来执政路上的艰难和总统的承诺的时候, 其大量使用“we” (共计61次) , “us” (22次) , “our” (67次) , “you”/“your” (共15次) , 使受众感觉到自己就是那个“you”, 不自觉地和新总统开始对话, 使受众更能体会未来的艰辛, 也增加了受众的主人翁意识, 受众和总统间的距离不自觉拉近了。奥巴马通过“we”与“I”的成功置换, 达到了“前面的路还很长很艰辛, 我需要你们的参与”的效果, 从而树立了一个锐意改革, 人民至上的新一代美国领导人形象。

2.4 修辞

“演讲者借助修辞获得支持, 最终获得政治权威 (political power) ” (郭秀梅, 1984) 。这里, “说服”将修辞与政治连在了一起, 因为政治语言的目的之一就是“说服”。因此, 演讲辞中的修辞功能不可忽视。在奥巴马的就职演讲中, 最常见的修辞形式就是排比:

(1) For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life. For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the west; endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth. For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg; Normandy and Khe Sahn. (为了我们, 先辈们带着微薄的细软, 横渡大洋, 寻找新生活;为了我们, 先辈们忍辱负重, 用血汗浇铸工厂;为了我们, 先辈们在荒芜的西部大地辛勤耕作, 定居他乡;为了我们, 先辈们奔赴 (独立战争中的) 康科德城和葛底斯堡、 (二战中的) 诺曼底、 (越战中的) Khe Sahn, 他们征战、死去。)

(2) Our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began. Our minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week or last month or last year. Our capacity remains undiminished. (同危机初露端倪之时相比, 美国人民的生产力依然旺盛;与上周、上个月或者去年相比, 我们的头脑依然富于创造力, 我们的商品和服务依然很有市场, 我们的实力不曾削弱。)

排比句的使用, 显得演讲结构紧凑。在表达对先烈的敬意时, 慷慨激昂, 在传达对美国社会, 对民众的信心的时候, 语气坚定有力掷地有声。

参考文献

[1]黄国文.功能语篇分析纵横谈[J].外语与外语教学, 2001, (12) :1-4.

[2]郭秀梅.实用英语修辞学[M].南京:江苏人民出版社, 1984.

[3]王冬梅.批评性话语分析的理论来源及主要方法[J].重庆科技学院学报 (社会科学版) , 2008, (8) .

篇4:奥巴马就职演讲文稿词汇特征分析

关键词:奥巴马就职演讲   词汇特征   分析

总统就职演讲是一种具有代表性的公众演讲形式,每一位总统都要在自己的就职演说中宣布施政纲领和预期目标,以及说服公众支持并接受自己的观点,所以总统演讲在目的、对象、内容等方面具有书面语和口语的特点,极具号召力和感染力。

本文选取奥巴马在2009年和2013年的两篇就职演讲文稿为研究对象,从词长和词汇密度方面着手,对演讲稿进行了对比分析,总结出英语公众演讲的特点,以帮助学生更好地理解公众演讲这一文体,提高学生的英语学习能力和综合表达能力。

一、研究方法

本文的研究语料是2009年和2013年奥巴马的就职演讲文稿,它们分别有2286字和614字。通过利用语料库文本分析工具Wordsmith 6.0,笔者分析了这两篇演讲文稿的词长和词汇密度,以帮助学生更好地掌握公众演讲的特点。

二、研究结论与讨论

1.词长分析

据统计显示,2009年奥巴马就职演讲文稿的单词平均词长(4.44)小于2013年奥巴马就职演讲文稿单词平均词长(4.66)。平均词长是指语料库中单词所包含字母的平均数,平均词长越长,说明文本中使用的长词越多,阅读难度相对越大。因此,2009年奥巴马就职演讲文稿与2013年奥巴马就职演讲文稿相比,词汇相对简易,文本更加浅显易懂。

在英语中6个字母以上的词,通常被称为大词,使用大词可以使演讲显得庄严、正式,相应地也增加了词汇难度,所以大词频繁使用于公众演讲中,而较少出现在其他文体中。如图1,在这两篇就职演讲文稿中,2009年奥巴马演讲文稿中大词的使用率小于2013年演讲文稿,这说明奥巴马在2013年的就职演讲中更多地使用了大词,从而相对地增加了读者和听众阅读演讲稿的难度。

2.词汇密度分析

在语料库语言学中,类符/形符比通常被用来衡量文本中的词汇密度,词汇密度反映的是句中实词所占的比例。在句中,实词传递着大部分信息,所以如果一句话的词汇密度越大,则句中的实词越多,句子负荷的信息量也越大;反之,信息量就越少。所以说,在语篇中的词汇密度越大,其承载的信息量就越大。如表1所示:

表1 两篇演讲稿词汇密度对比

形符(个) 类符(个) 形符/类符比(%)

2009年 2286 889 37.27

2013年 614 309 50.41

尽管2009年奥巴马就职演讲文稿中的字数较多,但是通过对比2009年和2013年就职演讲文稿的形符/类符比,我们可以发现2013年奥巴马就职演讲文稿的词汇密度大于2009年奥巴马就职演讲文稿词汇密度,这就进一步说明2013年奥巴马就职演讲文稿的信息量较大,理解难度相对较高。

三、结语

本文从演讲稿文本词汇难度的角度出发,通过分析2009年和2013年的奥巴马总统就职演说文稿,发现2009年就职演讲的总文稿相对浅显易读,更加注重听众的感受以及他们的反应。因此,公众演讲作为一种独特的文体,虽然具有书面语和口语的特征,但口语特征更加明显。了解英语公众演讲的特点,有助于学生更好地学习英语,提高他们英语实际运用能力和综合素质。

参考文献:

[1]熊莉.宗教与美国总统的就职演说[J].湖北民族学院学报,2006,(24).

[2]陈建生,高博.基于语料库的《诗经》两个英译本的译者风格考察———以“国风”为例[J].天津外国语大学学报,2011,(4).

[3]王佐良.英语文体学引论[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1987.

[4]王华,甄凤超.透过主题词和关键主题词管窥中国学习者英语口语交际能力中的词语知识[J].外语界,2007,(1).

篇5:奥巴马就职演讲(中)

如果还有人在那里谁怀疑,美国是一个地方,任何事情都有可能,谁的疑惑,如果我们美国的缔造者的梦想在我们这个时代,谁仍在质疑我们民主的力量,那么今晚就是你的答案。

它的答案了到处悬挂在学校和这个民族从未见过的人谁等待三个小时,四个小时,在他们有生以来第一次投票,教堂的竞选条幅上,因为他们相信,这次一定是不同的,他们的声音可能就是那个差别。

它是由年轻人和老年人,富人和穷人,民主党人和共和党人,黑人,白人,拉美裔,亚裔,印第安人,同性恋和异性恋者,残疾人和非残疾人士所说的答案。美国人谁发出了一个信息,世界,我们从来不是个人的累加或者是由红州和蓝州。

我们属于,而且永远是,美利坚合众国。

它的答案,导致这些谁一直在说这么长时间这么多的是玩世不恭和恐惧和怀疑我们能够实现把在他们手中的弧的历史和弯曲朝向美好明天的希望,再次令人怀疑。

它已经过去了这么长时间,但由于我们在这次选举的日子,在今晚的这一决定性时刻的变化,已经到了美国。

一点点今晚早些时候,我接到了麦凯恩参议员极具风度的致电。

麦凯恩在这场漫长而艰苦的选战。而且他奋斗了更久,更艰苦的国家,他爱我们。他为美利坚做出的牺牲,我们多数人都无法想象的。我们的国家更因这位勇敢和无私领导人的服务关闭。

我祝贺他,我表示祝贺,也对佩林州长所取得的成绩。同时我也期待着与他们共同努力履行对这个国家在今后几个月的承诺。

我要感谢在这个征途上我的伙伴,谁从他的用心竞选的男士,并以对男性和女性,他成长起来的斯克兰顿街头,与火车到特拉华州,副总统选举骑着发言美国,拜登。

而且我今晚不会站在这里,在过去16年里如果没有我最好朋友的坚决支持,我们家庭的中坚和我一生的最爱,国家的下一位第一夫人,米歇尔奥巴马。

萨沙和玛丽雅,我对你们的爱超出了你们的想象。你们已赢得了新的小狗,它将与我们一起入驻白宫。

虽然她已经离开了我们,我知道我的祖母在看,与其它亲人一起造就了今天我是谁。今晚,我想念他们。我知道我欠他们的太多。

我的妹妹马娅,我的姐姐奥玛,我其他的兄弟姐妹们,感谢你这么多的一切你给我的支持。我很感谢他们。

我的竞选经理大卫普劳夫,这位竞选活动的无名英雄,是谁建的最好的两场战争,一个面临危险的星球,一个世纪来最严重的金融危机。即使我们今晚站在这里,我们也深知那些深陷在伊拉克的沙漠里和阿富汗的群山为我们而冒着生命危险勇敢的美国人。

有父亲和母亲谁就会躺在清醒后的孩子入睡和不知道他们会作抵押或支付其医生的法案或储存他们的孩子的大学教育不够。

有新能源利用,新的工作岗位要建立新的学校建设和威胁,以满足,联盟,以修理。

前方的道路将是漫长的。我们的攀岩会很陡峭。我们可能无法在一年甚至一个任期内。但是,美国,我从未像今晚满怀希望,相信我们会实现。

我向你们承诺,我们作为一个整体将会达成目标。

我们会遭遇挫折和不成功的开端。有很多谁也不会同意的每项决定或政策我作为总统所做出的。而且我们知道政府并不能解决所有问题。

但我将总是会向你们坦陈我们所面临的挑战。我会听你的,特别是当我们意见相左时。而最重要的是,我会请求你们参与重建这个国家的工作,只有这样,它一直是美国221年那些谁想要颠覆这个世界的人:我们将打败你。这些谁寻求和平与安全的:我们支持你。而对于所有那些谁怀疑美国的灯塔是否依然明亮的人们:今晚我们再次证明,我们国家真正的力量并非来自我们武器的威力或财富规模,而是来自我们理想的持久力量:民主,自由,机会和不屈的希望。

这是美国真正的天才:也就是美国能够改变。我们的联邦会日臻完善。我们已经取得的成就为我们将来能够并且必须取得的成就增添了希望。

这次选举有许多优势,许多故事,会被告知几代人。但是,这在我的印象最深的是关于一个女人谁投她的选票在亚特兰大。她像其他人谁站在线,数以百万计,使他们的声音在这次选举中除一件事听说过:尼克松安库珀是106岁了。

她出生的一代刚刚过去的奴隶时代,那个时候在道路上或飞机在天空中没有汽车,那时,像她这样的人不能投票,原因有两个在心痛和希望,挣扎和进步;那些我们被告知我们不能倍,和人民谁压上与美国的信条:是的,我们可以。

曾几何时,妇女的声音被压制和他们的希望被驳回,她活着看到他们站起来,说出并达成的选票。是的,我们可以。

当30年代的沙尘暴和大萧条的绝望,她看到一个民族征服恐惧,罗斯福新政,新就业机会,一个新的共同目的感本身。是的,我们可以。

当炸弹袭击了我们的海港,独裁专制威胁到全世界,她在那里目睹了一代产生的伟大和民主是保存。是的,我们可以。

她在那里的巴士蒙哥马利,在英国伯明翰,桥梁塞尔玛,软管和传教士从亚特兰大谁告诉人民,“我们终将会克服一切。”是的,我们可以。

降落在月球上一个人,一个在柏林墙倒下,世界因我们的科学和想像被连接在一起。

而今年,在这次选举中,她用手指触碰屏幕,投下自己的选票,因为在美国生活了106个年头,经历了最好的时光,而黑暗的时间,她知道美国如何能够发生变革。

是的,我们可以。

美国,我们已经走了这么远。我们已经看到了这么多。但有这么多事情要做。因此今夜,让我们扪心自问-如果我们的孩子能够活到下个世纪,如果我的女儿能够幸运地活得像安尼克松库珀那样长,他们将会看到怎样的改变?我们将会取得怎样的进步呢?

这是我们的机会来回答这个问题。这是我们的时刻。

这是我们的时代,要使我们的人民重新回去工作,为我们的孩子打开机遇之门,恢复繁荣,推进和平事业,重回美国梦,重申这一基本事实,在许多,我们一个,当我们呼吸,我们的希望。当我们面对讥笑,怀疑以及谁告诉我们,我们不能,我们将用那永恒的信条来总结一个民族精神的满足:是的,我们能做到。

篇6:奥巴马就职演讲稿

barack obama’s inaugural address

my fellow citizens:

i stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors. i thank president bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.

forty-four americans have now taken the presidential oath. the words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace. yet, every so often the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms. at these moments, america has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because we the people have remained faithful to the ideals of our forbearers, and true to our founding documents.

so it has been. so it must be with this generation of americans.

that we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age. homes have been lost; jobs shed; businesses shuttered. our health care is too costly; our schools fail too many; and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet.

these are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics. less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land - a nagging fear that america’s decline is inevitable, and that the next generation must lower its sights.

today i say to you that the challenges we face are real. they are serious and they are many. they will not be met easily or in a short span of time. but know this, america - they will be met.

on this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord.

on this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics.

we remain a young nation, but in the words of scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things. the time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit; to choose our better history; to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the god-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.

in reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given. it must be earned. our journey has never been one of short-cuts or settling for less. it has not been the path for the faint-hearted - for those who prefer leisure over work, or seek only the pleasures of riches and fame. rather, it has been the risk-takers, the doers, the makers of things - some celebrated but more often men and women obscure in their labor, who have carried us up the long, rugged path towards prosperity and freedom.

for us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life.

for us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the west; endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth.

for us, they fought and died, in places like concord and gettysburg; normandy and khe sanh.

time and again these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life. they saw america as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions; greater than all the differences of birth or wealth or faction.

this is the journey we continue today. we remain the most prosperous, powerful nation on earth. our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began. our minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week or last month or last year. our capacity remains undiminished. but our time of standing pat, of protecting narrow interests and putting off unpleasant decisions - that time has surely passed. starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking america.

for everywhere we look, there is work to be done. the state of the economy calls for action, bold and swift, and we will act - not only to create new jobs, but to lay a new foundation for growth. we will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids and digital lines that feed our commerce and bind us together. we will restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology’s wonders to raise health care’s quality and lower its cost. we will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our factories. and we will transform our schools and colleges and universities to meet the demands of a new age. all this we can do. and all this we will do.

now, there are some who question the scale of our ambitions - who suggest that our system cannot tolerate too many big plans. their memories are short. for they have forgotten what this country has already done; what free men and women can achieve when imagination is joined to common purpose, and necessity to courage.

what the cynics fail to understand is that the ground has shifted beneath them - that the stale political arguments that have consumed us for so long no longer apply. the question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small, but whether it works - whether it helps families find jobs at a decent wage, care they can afford, a retirement that is dignified. where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward. where the answer is no, programs will end. and those of us who manage the public’s dollars will be held to account - to spend wisely, reform bad habits, and do our business in the light of day - because only then can we restore the vital trust between a people and their government.

nor is the question before us whether the market is a force for good or ill. its power to generate wealth and expand freedom is unmatched, but this crisis has reminded us that without a watchful eye, the market can spin out of control - and that a nation cannot prosper long when it favors only the prosperous. the success of our economy has always depended not just on the size of our gross domestic product, but on the reach of our prosperity; on our ability to extend opportunity to every willing heart - not out of charity, but because it is the surest route to our common good.

as for our common defense, we reject as false the choice between our safety and our ideals. our founding fathers, faced with perils we can scarcely imagine, drafted a charter to assure the rule of law and the rights of man, a charter expanded by the blood of generations. those ideals still light the world, and we will not give them up for expedience’s sake. and so to all other peoples and governments who are watching today, from the grandest capitals to the small village where my father was born: know that america is a friend of each nation and every man, woman, and child who seeks a future of peace and dignity, and that we are ready to lead once more.

recall that earlier generations faced down fascism and communism not just with missiles and tanks, but with sturdy alliances and enduring convictions. they understood that our power alone cannot protect us, nor does it entitle us to do as we please. instead, they knew that our power grows through its prudent use; our security emanates from the justness of our cause, the force of our example, the tempering qualities of humility and restraint.

we are the keepers of this legacy. guided by these principles once more, we can meet those new threats that demand even greater effort - even greater cooperation and understanding between nations. we will begin to responsibly leave iraq to its people, and forge a hard-earned peace in afghanistan. with old friends and former foes, we will work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat, and roll back the specter of a warming planet. we will not apologize for our way of life, nor will we waver in its defense, and for those who seek to advance their aims by inducing terror and slaughtering innocents, we say to you now that our spirit is stronger and cannot be broken; you cannot outlast us, and we will defeat you.

now, there are some who question the scale of our ambitions - who suggest that our system cannot tolerate too many big plans. their memories are short. for they have forgotten what this country has already done; what free men and women can achieve when imagination is joined to common purpose, and necessity to courage.

what the cynics fail to understand is that the ground has shifted beneath them - that the stale political arguments that have consumed us for so long no longer apply. the question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small, but whether it works - whether it helps families find jobs at a decent wage, care they can afford, a retirement that is dignified. where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward. where the answer is no, programs will end. and those of us who manage the public’s dollars will be held to account - to spend wisely, reform bad habits, and do our business in the light of day - because only then can we restore the vital trust between a people and theirgovernment.

nor is the question before us whether the market is a force for good or ill. its power to generate wealth and expand freedom is unmatched, but this crisis has reminded us that without a watchful eye, the market can spin out of control - and that a nation cannot prosper long when it favors only the prosperous. the success of our economy has always depended not just on the size of our gross domestic product, but on the reach of our prosperity; on our ability to extend opportunity to every willing heart - not out of charity, but because it is the surest route to our common good.

as for our common defense, we reject as false the choice between our safety and our ideals. our founding fathers, faced with perils we can scarcely imagine, drafted a charter to assure the rule of law and the rights of man, a charter expanded by the blood of generations. those ideals still light the world, and we will not give them up for expedience’s sake. and so to all other peoples and governments who are watching today, from the grandest capitals to the small village where my father was born: know that america is a friend of each nation and every man, woman, and child who seeks a future of peace and dignity, and that we are ready to lead once more.

recall that earlier generations faced down fascism and communism not just with missiles and tanks, but with sturdy alliances and enduring convictions. they understood that our power alone cannot protect us, nor does it entitle us to do as we please. instead, they knew that our power grows through its prudent use; our security emanates from the justness of our cause, the force of our example, the tempering qualities of humility and restraint.

we are the keepers of this legacy. guided by these principles once more, we can meet those new threats that demand even greater effort - even greater cooperation and understanding between nations. we will begin to responsibly leave iraq to its people, and forge a hard-earned peace in afghanistan. with old friends and former foes, we will work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat, and roll back the specter of a warming planet. we will not apologize for our way of life, nor will we waver in its defense, and for those who seek to advance their aims by inducing terror and slaughtering innocents, we say to you now that our spirit is stronger and cannot be broken; you cannot outlast us, and we will defeat you.

for we know that our patchwork heritage is a strength, not a weakness. we are a nation of christians and muslims, jews and hindus - and non-believers. we are shaped by every language and culture, drawn from every end of this earth; and because we have tasted the bitter swill of civil war and segregation, and emerged from that dark chapter stronger and more united, we cannot help but believe that the old hatreds shall someday pass; that the lines of tribe shall soon dissolve; that as the world grows smaller, our common humanity shall reveal itself; and that america must play its role in ushering in a new era of peace.

to the muslim world, we seek a new way forward, based on mutual interest and mutual respect. to those leaders around the globe who seek to sow conflict, or blame their society’s ills on the west - know that your people will judge you on what you can build, not what you destroy. to those who cling to power through corruption and deceit and the silencing of dissent, know that you are on the wrong side of history; but that we will extend a hand if you are willing to unclench your fist.

to the people of poor nations, we pledge to work alongside you to make your farms flourish and let clean waters flow; to nourish starved bodies and feed hungry minds. and to those nations like ours that enjoy relative plenty, we say we can no longer afford indifference to suffering outside our borders; nor can we consume the world’s resources without regard to effect. for the world has changed, and we must change with it.

as we consider the road that unfolds before us, we remember with humble gratitude those brave americans who, at this very hour, patrol far-off deserts and distant mountains. they have something to tell us today, just as the fallen heroes who lie in arlington whisper through the ages. we honor them not only because they are guardians of our liberty, but because they embody the spirit of service; a willingness to find meaning in something greater than themselves. and yet, at this moment - a moment that will define a generation - it is precisely this spirit that must inhabit us all.

for as much as government can do and must do, it is ultimately the faith and determination of the american people upon which this nation relies. it is the kindness to take in a stranger when the levees break, the selflessness of workers who would rather cut their hours than see a friend lose their job which sees us through our darkest hours. it is the firefighter’s courage to storm a stairway filled with smoke, but also a parent’s willingness to nurture a child, that finally decides our fate.

our challenges may be new. the instruments with which we meet them may be new. but those values upon which our success depends - hard work and honesty, courage and fair play, tolerance and curiosity, loyalty and patriotism - these things are old. these things are true. they have been the quiet force of progress throughout our history. what is demanded then is a return to these truths. what is required of us now is a new era of responsibility - a recognition, on the part of every american, that we have duties to ourselves, our nation, and the world, duties that we do not grudgingly accepy, we say we can no longer afford indifference to suffering outside our borders; nor can we consume the world’s resources without regard to effect. for the world has changed, and we must change with it.

as we consider the road that unfolds before us, we remember with humble gratitude those brave americans who, at this very hour, patrol far-off deserts and distant mountains. they have something to tell us today, just as the fallen heroes who lie in arlington whisper through the ages. we honor them not only because they are guardians of our liberty, but because they embody the spirit of service; a willingness to find meaning in something greater than themselves. and yet, at this moment - a moment that will define a generation - it is precisely this spirit that must inhabit us all.

for as much as government can do and must do, it is ultimately the faith and determination of the american people upon which this nation relies. it is the kindness to take in a stranger when the levees break, the selflessness of workers who would rather cut their hours than see a friend lose their job which sees us through our darkest hours. it is the firefighter’s courage to storm a stairway filled with smoke, but also a parent’s willingness to nurture a child, that finally decides our fate.

our challenges may be new. the instruments with which we meet them may be new. but those values upon which our success depends - hard work and honesty, courage and fair play, tolerance and curiosity, loyalty and patriotism - these things are old. these things are true. they have been the quiet force of progress throughout our history. what is demanded then is a return to these truths. what is required of us now is a new era of responsibility - a recognition, on the part of every american, that we have duties to ourselves, our nation, and the world, duties that we do not grudgingly accep

奥巴马就职演讲稿范文

mr. obama: thank you. thank you so much. vice president biden, mr. chief justice, members of the united states congress, distinguished guests, and fellow citizens:

谢谢,非常感谢大家。拜登副总统、首席大法官先生、国会议员们、尊敬的各位嘉宾、亲爱的公民们。

each time we gather to inaugurate a president, we bear witness to the enduring strength of our constitution. we affirm the promise of our democracy.

we recall that what binds this nation together is not the colors of our skin or the tenets of our faith or the origins of our names. what makes us exceptional –what makes us american – is our allegiance to an idea, articulated in a declaration made more than two centuries ago:

每一次我们集会庆祝总统就职都是在见证美国宪法的持久力量。我们都是在肯定美国民主的承诺。我们重申,将这个国家紧密联系在一起的不是我们的肤色,也不是

我们信仰的教条,更不是我们名的来源。让我们与众不同,让我们成为美国人的是我们对于一种理念的恪守。200多年前,这一理念在一篇宣言中被清晰阐述:

“we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal,that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”

“我们认为下述真理是不言而喻的,人人生而平等。造物主赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利,包括生存、自由和追求幸福的权利。”

today we continue a never-ending journey, to bridge the meaning of those words with the realities of our time. for history tells us that while these truths may be self-evident, they have never been self-executing; that while freedom is a gift from god, it must be secured by his people here on earth. the patriots of 1776 did not fight to replace the tyranny of a king with the privileges of a few or the rule of a mob. they gave to us a republic, a government of, and by, and for the people, entrusting each generation to keep safe our founding creed.

今天,我们继续着这一未竟的征程,架起这些理念与我们时代现实之间的桥梁。因为历史告诉我们,即便这些真理是不言而喻的,它们也从来不会自动生效。因为虽然自由是上帝赋予的礼物,但仍需要世间的子民去捍卫。1776年,美国的爱国先驱们不是只为了推翻国王的暴政而战,也不是为赢得少数人的特权,建立暴民的统治。先驱们留给我们一个共和国,一个民有、民治、民享的政府。他们委托每一代美国人捍卫我们的建国信条。

for more than two hundred years, we have.

在过去的200多年里,我们做到了。

through blood drawn by lash and blood drawn by sword, we learned that no union founded on the principles of liberty and equality could survive half-slave and half-free. we made ourselves anew, and vowed to move forward together.

从奴役的血腥枷锁和刀剑的血光厮杀中我们懂得了,建立在自由与平等原则之上的联邦不能永远维持半奴隶和半自由的状态。我们赢得了新生,誓言共同前进。

together, we determined that a modern economy requires railroads and highways to speed travel and commerce; schools and colleges to train our workers。

我们共同努力,建立起现代的经济体系。架设铁路与高速公路,加速了旅行和商业交流。建立学校与大学,培训我们的工人。

together, we discovered that a free market only thrives when there are rules to ensure competition and fair play.

我们一起发现,自由市场的繁荣只能建立在保障竞争与公平竞争的原则之上。

together, we resolved that a great nation must care for the vulnerable, and protect its people from life’s worst hazards and misfortune.

我们共同决定让这个伟大的国家远离危险,保护她的人民不受生命威胁和不幸的侵扰。

through it all, we have never relinquished our skepticism of central authority, nor have we succumbed to the fiction that all society’s ills can be cured through government alone. our celebration of initiative and enterprise; our insistence on hard work and personal responsibility, these are constants in our character.

一路走来,我们从未放弃对集权的质疑。我们同样不屈服于这一谎言:一切的社会弊端都能够只靠政府来解决。我们对积极向上与奋发进取的赞扬,我们对努力工作与个人责任的坚持,这些都是美国精神的基本要义。

but we have always understood that when times change, so must we; that fidelity to our founding principles requires new responses to new challenges;that preserving our individual freedoms ultimately requires collective action.

for the american people can no more meet the demands of today’s world by acting alone than american soldiers could have met the forces of fascism or communism with muskets and militias. no single person can train all the math and science teachers we’ll need to equip our children for the future, or build the roads and networks and research labs that will bring new jobs and businesses to our shores. now, more than ever, we must do these things together, as one nation,and one people.

我们也理解,时代在变化,我们同样需要变革。对建国精神的忠诚,需要我们肩负起新的责任,迎接新的挑战。保护我们的个人自由,最终需要所有人的共同努力。

因为美国人不能再独力迎接当今世界的挑战,正如美国士兵们不能再像先辈一样,用步枪和民兵同敌人(法西斯主义与共产主义)作战。一个人无法培训所有的数学

与科学老师,我们需要他们为了未来去教育孩子们。一个人无法建设道路、铺设网络、建立实验室来为国内带来新的工作岗位和商业机会。现在,与以往任何时候相比,我们都更需要团结合作。作为一个国家,一个民族团结起来。

this generation of americans has been tested by crises that steeled our resolve and proved our resilience. a decade of war is now ending. an economic recovery has begun. america’s possibilities are limitless, for we possess all the qualities that this world without boundaries demands: youth and drive;diversity and openness; an endless capacity for risk and a gift for reinvention.my fellow americans, we are made for this moment, and we will seize it – so long as we seize it together.

这一代美国人经历了危机的考验,经济危机坚定了我们的决心,证明了我们的恢复力。长达十年的战争正在结束,经济的复苏已经开始。美国的可能性是无限的,因为我们拥有当今没有边界的世界所需要的所有品质:年轻与活力、多样性与开放、无穷的冒险精神以及创造的天赋才能。我亲爱的同胞们,我们正是为此刻而生,我们更要在此刻团结一致,抓住当下的机会。

for we, the people, understand that our country cannot succeed when a shrinking few do very well and a growing many barely make it. we believe that america’s prosperity must rest upon the broad shoulders of a rising middle class. we know that america thrives when every person can find independence and pride in their work; when the wages of honest labor liberate families from the brink of hardship. we are true to our creed when a little girl born into the bleakest poverty knows that she has the same chance to succeed as anybody else, because she is an american, she is free, and she is equal, not just in the eyes of god but also in our own.

因为我们,美国人民,清楚如果只有不断萎缩的少数人群体获得成功,而大多数人不能成功,我们的国家就无法成功。我们相信,美国的繁荣必须建立在不断上升的中产阶级的宽阔臂膀之上,我们知道美国的繁荣只有这样才能实现。只有当每个人都能找到工作中的自立与自豪时才能实现。只有当诚实劳动获得的薪水足够让家庭

摆脱困苦的悬崖时才能实现。我们忠诚于我们的事业,保证让一个出生于最贫穷环境中的小女孩都能知道,她有同其他所有人一样的成功机会。因为她是一个美国人,她是自由的、平等的。她的自由平等不仅由上帝来见证,更由我们亲手保护。

we understand that outworn programs are inadequate to the needs of our time. we must harness new ideas and technology to remake our government, revamp our tax code, reform our schools, and empower our citizens with the skills they need to work harder, learn more, and reach higher. but while the means will change, our purpose endures: a nation that rewards the effort and determination of every single american. that is what this moment requires. that is what will give real meaning to our creed.

我们知道,我们已然陈旧的程序不足以满足时代的需要。我们必须应用新理念和新技术重塑我们的政府,改进我们的税法,改革我们的学校,让我们的公民拥有他们所需要的技能,更加努力地工作,学更多的知识,向更高处发展。这意味着变革,我们的目标是:国家可以奖励每个美国人的努力和果断。这是现在需要的。这将给我们的信条赋予真正的意义。

we, the people, still believe that every citizen deserves a basic measure of security and dignity. we must make the hard choices to reduce the cost of health care and the size of our deficit. but we reject the belief that america must choose between caring for the generation that built this country and investing in the generation that will build its future. for we remember the lessons of our past, when twilight years were spent in poverty, and parents of a child with a disability had nowhere to turn. we do not believe that in this country, freedom is reserved for the lucky, or happiness for the few. we recognize that no matter how responsibly we live our lives, any one of us, at any time, may face a job loss, or a sudden illness, or a home swept away in a terrible storm. the commitments we make to each other – through medicare, and medicaid, and social security – these things do not sap our initiative; they strengthen us. they do not make us a nation of takers; they free us to take the risks that make this country great.

我们,人民,仍然认为,每个公民都应当获得基本的安全和尊严。我们必须做出艰难抉择,降低医疗成本,缩减赤规模。但我们拒绝在照顾建设国家的这一代和投

资即将建设国家的下一代间做出选择。因为我们记得过去的教训:老年人的夕阳时光在贫困中度过,家有残障儿童的父母无处求助。我们相信,在这个国家,自由不只是那些幸运儿的专属,或者说幸福只属于少数人。我们知道,不管我们怎样负责任地生活,我们任何人在任何时候都可能面临失业、突发疾病或住房被可怕的飓风摧毁的风险。 我们通过医疗保险、联邦医疗补助计划、社会保障项目向每个人做出承诺,这些不会让我们的创造力衰竭,而是会让我们更强大。这些不会让我们成为充满不劳而获者的国度,这些让我们敢于承担风险,让国家伟大。

奥巴马就职中文演讲稿

各位同胞:

今天我站在这里,为眼前的重责大任感到谦卑,对各位的信任心怀感激,对先贤的牺牲铭记在心。我要谢谢布什总统为这个国家的服务,也感谢他在政权转移期间的宽厚和配合。

四十四位美国人发表过总统就职誓言,这些誓词或是在繁荣富强及和平宁静之际发表,或是在乌云密布,时局动荡之时。在艰困的时候,美国能箕裘相继,不仅因为居高位者有能力或愿景,也因为人民持续对先人的抱负有信心,也忠於创建我国的法统。

因此,美国才能承继下来。因此,这一代美国人也必须承继下去。

现在大家都知道我们正置身危机核心,我国正在与四处蔓延的暴力和憎恨作战。我们的经济元气大伤——这既是某些人贪婪且不负责任的後果,也是大众未能做出艰难的选择,对国家进入新时代做准备不足所致。许多人失去房子,丢了工作,生意萧条。我们的医疗太昂贵,学校教育让人失望。每天都有更多证据显示,我们利用能源的方式壮大我们的对敌,威胁我们的星球。

这些都是得自资料和统计数据的危机指标。比较无法测量但同样深沉的,是举国信心尽失——持续担心美国将无可避免地衰退,也害怕下一代一定会眼界变低。

今天我要告诉各位,我们面临的挑战是真的,挑战非常严重,且不在少数。它们不是可以轻易,或在短时间内解决。但是,美国要了解,这些挑战会被解决。

在这一天,我们聚在一起,因为我们选择希望而非恐惧,有意义的团结而非纷争和不合。

在这一天,我们来此宣示,那些无用的抱怨和虚伪的承诺已终结,那些扭曲我们政治已久的相互指控和陈旧教条已终结。

我们仍是个年轻的国家,但借用圣经的话,摆脱幼稚事物的时刻到来了,重申我们坚忍精神的时刻到来了,选择我们更好的历史,实践那种代代传承的珍贵权利,那种高贵的理念:就是上帝的应许,我们每个人都是平等的,每个人都是自由的,每个人都应该有机会追求全然的幸福。

再次肯定我们国家的伟大,我们了解伟大绝非赐予而来,必须努力达成。我们的旅程从来就不是抄捷径或很容易就满足。这条路一直都不是给不勇敢的人走的,那些偏好逸乐胜过工作,或者只想追求名利就满足的人。恰恰相反,走这条路的始终是勇於冒险的人,做事的人,成事的人,其中有些人很出名,但更常见的是在各自岗位上的男男女女无名英雄,在这条漫长崎岖的道路上支撑我们,迈向繁荣与自由。

为了我们,他们携带很少的家当,远渡重洋,追寻新生活。

为了我们,他们胼手胝足,在西部安顿下来;忍受风吹雨打,筚路蓝缕。

为了我们,他们奋斗不懈,在康科特和盖茨堡,诺曼地和溪山等地葬身。

前人不断的奋斗与牺牲,直到双手皮开肉绽,我们才能享有比较好的生活。他们将美国视为大於所有个人企图心总和的整体,超越出身、财富或小圈圈的差异。

这是我们今天继续前进的旅程。我们仍旧是全球最繁荣强盛的国家。这场危机爆发时,我们的劳工生产力并未减弱。我们的心智一样创新,我们的产品和劳务和上周或上个月或去年相比,一样是必需品。我们的能力并未减损。但是我们墨守成规、维护狭小利益、推迟引人不悦的决定,这段时期肯定已经过去。由今天开始,我们必须振作起来,拍掉身上的灰尘,再度开始重塑美国。

我们无论朝何处望去,都有工作必须完成。经济情势需要大胆、迅速的行动,我们将有所行动,不光是创造新工作,更要奠定成长的新基础。我们将造桥铺路,为企业兴建电力网格与数位线路,将我们联系在一起。我们将让科学回归合适的用途,运用科技的奇蹟来提高医疗品质并降低费用。我们将利用太阳能、风力和土壤作为汽车的燃料和工厂的能源。我们将让中小学及大专院校转型,因应新时代的需要。这些我们可以作到。我们也将会作到。

现在,有人质疑我们的雄心,暗示说我们的体系无法承受太多的大计画。这些人的记性不好。因为他们忘记了这个国家已经完成的成就,当创造力朝同一个目标发展,不受约束的男男女女可以完成何等成就,必要的是勇气。

怀疑者无法理解的是他们的主张已经站不住脚,长期以来折磨我们的陈腐政治争议已经行不通。我们今天的问题不是政府太大或太小,而是有无功效,是否能帮助家庭找到薪水不错的工作,支付得起照顾费用,有尊严的退休。哪个方向能够提供肯定的答案,我们就往那里走。答案是否定的地方,计画就会停止。所有我们这些管理大众金钱的人都将负起责任,花钱要精明,改掉恶习,正大光明作事情,只有这样我们才能重建政府与人民间最重要的信任。

我们眼前的问题也不是说市场的力量是善或恶。市场创造财富和增加自由的力量无与伦比,但是这场危机提醒我们没有监督时,市场发展将失控,当市场只偏爱有钱人时,国家无法永续繁荣。我们经济成功的依据,不只是国内生产毛额的规模,还有繁荣可及的范围,以及我们将机会拓展给每个愿意打拚的人,不是因为施舍,而是因为这就是达到我们共同利益最稳健的途径。

至於我们的共同防卫,让我们必须在自由和理想之间作一抉择,是错误的,我们拒绝接受。我们建国诸父在我们难以想像的危难之中。拟具了确保法治和人权的宪章,被一代代以鲜血扩大充实的宪章。这些理想依然照亮这个世界,我们不会为了便宜行事而扬弃它。同样地,今日在观看此情此景的其他民族和政府,从最宏伟的都城到家父出生的小村庄,我要说:任何一个国家、男、女、和孩童,只要你在追求一个和平且有尊严的未来,美国就是你的朋友,我们准备再次带领大家。

回想先前的世代力抗法西斯主义和共产主义,靠的除了飞弹和战车之外,还有强固的联盟和持久的信念。他们知道单单力量本身不足以让我们自保,也不能让我们为所欲为。相反地,他们知道我们的力量因为谨慎使用而增强,我们的安全源自我们理想的正当性,我们所树立楷模的力量,以及谦逊和克制所具有的调和特质。

我们是这些遗产的保存者。在这些原则的再次指引下,我们可以面对那些新的威胁,这些威胁有赖国与国间更大的合作与谅解方能因应。我们将开始以负责任的方式把伊拉克还给它的人民,并在阿富汗建立赢来不易的和平。我们会努力不懈地与老朋友和昔日的对手合作,以减轻核子威胁,和地球的暖化。我们不会为我们的生活方式而道歉,也会毫不动摇地保护它,对那些想要藉由带来恐怖与杀害无辜以遂其目的者,我们现在告诉你,我们的精神强过你们,无法摧折,你们不可能比我们长久,我们必定打败你们。

因为我们知道,我们拼凑组合而成的遗产是我们的强处,而非弱点。我们是由基督徒和穆斯林,犹太教徒和印度教徒,以及非信徒组成的国家。我们由取自世界四面八方的各种语文和文化所形塑。而且由於我们曾尝过内战和种族隔离的苦果,并且在走出那黑暗时期之後变得更坚强和团结,这让我们不得不相信旧日的仇恨终究会过去,部族之间的界线很快就会泯灭。随着世界越来越小,我们共通的人性也会彰显,而美国必须扮演引进新和平时代的角色。

对穆斯林世界,我们寻求一种新的前进方式,以共同的利益和尊重为基础。那些想播植冲突并把自己社会的问题怪罪於西方的领袖,须知你的国民藉以判断你的,是你能建立什麽,而非你能毁坏什麽。那些靠着贪腐欺骗和箝制异己保住权势的人,须知你门站在历史错误的一边,而只要你愿意松手,我们就会帮忙。

那些穷国的人民,我们保证会和你们合作,让们的农场丰收,让清流涌入,滋补饿坏的身体,喂养饥饿的心灵。而对那些和我们一样比较富裕的国家,我要说,我们不能再对国界以外的苦痛视而不见,也不能再消耗世上的资源而不计後果。因为世界已经变了,我们也要跟着改变。

在我们思索眼前道路的此际,我们以谦虚感激的心想到,有些勇敢的美国同胞正在遥远的沙漠和山岭上巡逻。今天他们有话要对我们说,就和躺在阿灵顿(公墓)的英雄们世世代代轻声诉说的一样。我们尊荣他们,不只因为他们扞卫我们的自由,更因为他们代表着服务的精神;愿意在比自己更大的事物上找寻意义。而在此刻,能够界定一个世代的此刻,必须常驻你我心中的,正是这种精神。

即使政府能做和必须做,这个国家最终仍得靠美国人民的信念与决心。在堤防决堤时,是人们的善心,让他们招待陌生人。是工作人员的无私,让他们宁可减工时,也不愿看到朋友失业,陪伴我们度过最黑暗时期。是消防员的勇气,让他们冲进满是浓烟的楼梯间。是父母心甘情愿培育孩子,最终决定我们的命运。

我们的挑战也许是新的,我们迎接挑战的工具也许是新的,但我们赖以成功的价值观─辛勤工作和诚实、勇气和公平竞争、容忍和好奇心、忠实和爱国心─这些都是固有的。这些价值是真实的,是我们历史上进步的沉默力量。我们有必要找回这些真实价值。我们现在需要一个勇於负责的新时代,每一个美国人都体认到我们对自己、对国家、对世界负有责任,我们不是不情愿地接受这些责任,而是欣然接受,坚信没有什麽比全力以赴完成艰难的工作,更能得到精神上的满足,更能找到自我。

这是公民的代价和承诺。

这是我们信心的来源,体认上帝召唤我们创造不确定的命运。

这是我们的自由和信条的真谛,为什麽不同种族和信仰的男女老幼能在这个大草坪上共同庆祝,为什麽一个人的父亲在不到六十年前也许还不能进当地的餐厅用餐,现在却能站在你们面前做最神圣的宣誓。

让我们记住这一天,记住我们是谁、我们走了多远。在美国诞生这一年,在最寒冷的几个月,在结冰的河岸,一群爱国人士抱着垂死的同志。首都弃守,敌人进逼,雪沾了血。在那时,我们革命的成果受到质疑,我们的国父下令向人民宣读这段话:

“让这段话流传后世,在深冬,只剩下希望和美德,这个城市和这个国家,面临共同危险,站起来迎向它。”

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