美国文学论文英语版

2024-05-10

美国文学论文英语版（精选6篇）

篇1：美国文学论文英语版

万学海文考研英语真题答案详解(word版)

完型填空

1、答案：B

解析：本题测试语义逻辑衔接。 “ selected” 意为 “挑选”; “prepared”意为 “准备”; “obliged”意为“迫使，责成”;“pleased”意为“高兴地，满足地”，前一句“人们不敢说”，本句中由“but ”一词可推出意思与上句相反，即“Cochran 准备说”，所以选B.

2、答案：D

解析：本题测试词义辨析。“unique”意为“唯一的，独特的”;“particular”意为“特殊的，独特的”;“special”意为“特别的，特殊的”;“rare”意为“稀罕的，珍贵的`”，rare bird 意为“稀有的人”，空格相关意思是“只有Cochra准备说”，而且 “rare bird” 是固定搭配,所以选D

3、答案：A

解析：本题测试介词的语意搭配, independently of 意为“不依赖于，独立”，所以选A

4、答案：C

解析：本题测试词义辨析。由“actually”推出本句是对现在和以前对疾病看法的对比，所以选C

5、答案：C

解析：本题测试副词的用法及语段的连贯性。Even 做程度副词，表示递进关系，意为“即使他自己也…”.所以选C

6、答案：A

解析：本题测试词义搭配。空格相关意思是“一想到他即将要做的，即使他自己也….” “At thought of ”意为“一看到…”; at sight of意为年“一看见”;at cost of 意为“以…的代价”;at risk of意为“冒着….的危险”，所以选A

7、答案：B

解析：本题测试动词辨析。advice意为 “建议”; suggest意为“建议，提出’”; protest“主张，断言”; object“反对”，此句指“在论文中，他建议…”，所以选B

8、答案：D

解析：本题测试词组搭配，in progress 意为“进行中”;in fact 意为“事实上”; in need意为“在危难中”; in question 意为“正在被讨论的”，前一句正在谈论 “ group群体” ,本句衔接上一句表达“正在被讨论的这个群体”，所以选D

9. 答案：B

解析：本题考查动词辨析。从该句中的12-15 points 可知，前面的动词是与分数相关的。score的意思是得分，打分，而其他三项没有这层意思。故答案为B。

10. 答案：C

解析：本题考查形容词辨析。文中提到这组人IQ测试得分比100分高12-15分，按照常识，100分是平均分，mean的意思是平均的。所以答案为C。

篇2：美国文学论文英语版

(Cheers, applause.)

AUDIENCE MEMBERS:(Chanting.)Four more years!Four more years!Four more years!Four more years!Four more years!Four more years!Four more years!Four more years!

PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA: Thank you.Thank you.Thank you so much.(Sustained cheers, applause.)

Tonight, more than 200 years after a former colony won the right to determine its own destiny, the task of perfecting our union moves forward.(Cheers, applause.)

It moves forward because of you.It moves forward because you reaffirmed the spirit that has triumphed over war and depression, the spirit that has lifted this country from the depths of despair to the great heights of hope, the belief that while each of us will pursue our own individual dreams, we are an American family, and we rise or fall together as one nation and as one people.(Cheers, applause.)

Tonight, in this election, you, the American people, reminded us that while our road has been hard, while our journey has been long, we have picked ourselves up, we have fought our way back, and we know in our hearts that for the United States of America, the best is yet to come.(Cheers, applause.)I want to thank every American who participated in this election.(Cheers, applause.)Whether you voted for the very first time —(cheers)— or waited in line for a very long time —(cheers)— by the way, we have to fix that.(Cheers, applause.)Whether you pounded the pavement or picked up the phone —(cheers, applause)— whether you held an Obama sign or a Romney sign, you made your voice heard and you made a difference.(Cheers, applause.)

I just spoke with Governor Romney and I congratulated him and Paul Ryan on a hard-fought campaign.(Cheers, applause.)We may have battled fiercely, but it’s only because we love this country deeply and we care so strongly about its future.From George to Lenore to their son Mitt, the Romney family has chosen to give back to America through public service.And that is a legacy that we honor and applaud tonight.(Cheers, applause.)In the weeks ahead, I also look forward to sitting down with Governor Romney to talk about where we can work together to move this country forward.(Cheers, applause.)

I want to thank my friend and partner of the last four years, America’s happy warrior, the best vice president anybody could ever hope for, Joe Biden.(Cheers, applause.)

And I wouldn’t be the man I am today without the woman who agreed to marry me 20 years ago.(Cheers, applause.)Let me say this publicly.Michelle, I have never loved you more.(Cheers, applause.)I have never been prouder to watch the rest of America fall in love with you, too, as our nation’s first lady.(Cheers, applause.)

Sasha and Malia —(cheers, applause)— before our very eyes, you’re growing up to become two strong, smart, beautiful young women, just like your mom.(Cheers, applause.)And I am so proud of you guys.But I will say that for now, one dog’s probably enough.(Laughter.)

To the best campaign team and volunteers in the history of politics —(cheers, applause)— the best — the best ever —(cheers, applause)— some of you were new this time around, and some of you have been at my side since the very

/ 4

beginning.(Cheers, applause.)But all of you are family.No matter what you do or where you go from here, you will carry the memory of the history we made together.(Cheers, applause.)And you will have the lifelong appreciation of a grateful president.Thank you for believing all the way —(cheers, applause)— to every hill, to every valley.(Cheers, applause.)You lifted me up the whole day, and I will always be grateful for everything that you’ve done and all the incredible work that you’ve put in.(Cheers, applause.)

I know that political campaigns can sometimes seem small, even silly.And that provides plenty of fodder for the cynics who tell us that politics is nothing more than a contest of egos or the domain of special interests.But if you ever get the chance to talk to folks who turned out at our rallies and crowded along a rope line in a high school gym or — or saw folks working late at a campaign office in some tiny county far away from home, you’ll discover something else.You’ll hear the determination in the voice of a young field organizer who’s working his way through college and wants to make sure every child has that same opportunity.(Cheers, applause.)You’ll hear the pride in the voice of a volunteer who’s going door to door because her brother was finally hired when the local auto plant added another shift.(Cheers, applause.)

You’ll hear the deep patriotism in the voice of a military spouse who’s working the phones late at night to make sure that no one who fights for this country ever has to fight for a job or a roof over their head when they come home.(Cheers, applause.)

That’s why we do this.That’s what politics can be.That’s why elections matter.It’s not small, it’s big.It’s important.Democracy in a nation of 300 million can be noisy and messy and complicated.We have our own opinions.Each of us has deeply held beliefs.And when we go through tough times, when we make big decisions as a country, it necessarily stirs passions, stirs up controversy.That won’t change after tonight.And it shouldn’t.These arguments we have are a mark of our liberty, and we can never forget that as we speak, people in distant nations are risking their lives right now just for a chance to argue about the issues that matter —(cheers, applause)— the chance to cast their ballots like we did today.But despite all our differences, most of us share certain hopes for America’s future.We want our kids to grow up in a country where they have access to the best schools and the best teachers —(cheers, applause)— a country that lives up to its legacy as the global leader in technology and discovery and innovation —(scattered cheers, applause)— with all of the good jobs and new businesses that follow.We want our children to live in an America that isn’t burdened by debt, that isn’t weakened up by inequality, that isn’t threatened by the destructive power of a warming planet.(Cheers, applause.)

We want to pass on a country that’s safe and respected and admired around the world, a nation that is defended by the strongest military on earth and the best troops this — this world has ever known —(cheers, applause)— but also a country that moves with confidence beyond this time of war to shape a peace that is built on the promise of freedom and dignity for every human being.We believe in a generous America, in a compassionate America, in a tolerant America open to the dreams of an immigrant’s daughter who studies in our schools and pledges to our flag —(cheers, applause)— to the young boy on the south side of Chicago who sees a life beyond the nearest street corner —(cheers, applause)— to the furniture worker’s child in North Carolina who wants to become a doctor or a scientist, an engineer or an entrepreneur, a diplomat or even a president.2 / 4

That’s the —(cheers, applause)— that’s the future we hope for.(Cheers, applause.)That’s the vision we share.That’s where we need to go — forward.(Cheers, applause.)That’s where we need to go.(Cheers, applause.)

Now, we will disagree, sometimes fiercely, about how to get there.As it has for more than two centuries, progress will come in fits and starts.It’s not always a straight line.It’s not always a smooth path.By itself, the recognition that we have common hopes and dreams won’t end all the gridlock, resolve all our problems or substitute for the painstaking work of building consensus and making the difficult compromises needed to move this country forward.But that common bond is where we must begin.Our economy is recovering.A decade of war is ending.(Cheers, applause.)A long campaign is now over.(Cheers, applause.)And whether I earned your vote or not, I have listened to you.I have learned from you.And you’ve made me a better president.And with your stories and your struggles, I return to the White House more determined and more inspired than ever about the work there is to do and the future that lies ahead.(Cheers, applause.)

Tonight you voted for action, not politics as usual.(Cheers, applause.)You elected us to focus on your jobs, not ours.And in the coming weeks and months, I am looking forward to reaching out and working with leaders of both parties to meet the challenges we can only solve together — reducing our deficit, reforming out tax code, fixing our immigration system, freeing ourselves from foreign oil.We’ve got more work to do.(Cheers, applause.)

But that doesn’t mean your work is done.The role of citizens in our democracy does not end with your vote.America’s never been about what can be done for us;it’s about what can be done by us together, through the hard and frustrating but necessary work of self-government.(Cheers, applause.)That’s the principle we were founded on.This country has more wealth than any nation, but that’s not what makes us rich.We have the most powerful military in history, but that’s not what makes us strong.Our university, our culture are all the envy of the world, but that’s not what keeps the world coming to our shores.What makes America exceptional are the bonds that hold together the most diverse nation on Earth, the belief that our destiny is shared —(cheers, applause)— that this country only works when we accept certain obligations to one another and to future generations, so that the freedom which so many Americans have fought for and died for come with responsibilities as well as rights, and among those are love and charity and duty and patriotism.That’s what makes America great.(Cheers, applause.)

I am hopeful tonight because I have seen this spirit at work in America.I’ve seen it in the family business whose owners would rather cut their own pay than lay off their neighbors and in the workers who would rather cut back their hours than see a friend lose a job.I’ve seen it in the soldiers who re-enlist after losing a limb and in those SEALs who charged up the stairs into darkness and danger because they knew there was a buddy behind them watching their back.(Cheers, applause.)I’ve seen it on the shores of New Jersey and New York, where leaders from every party and level of government have swept aside their differences to help a community rebuild from the wreckage of a terrible storm.(Cheers, applause.)

And I saw it just the other day in Mentor, Ohio, where a father told the story of his 8-year-old daughter whose long battle with leukemia nearly cost their family everything had it not been for health care reform passing just a few months before the insurance company was about to stop paying for her care.(Cheers, applause.)I had an opportunity to not just talk to the father but meet this incredible daughter of his.And when he spoke to the crowd, listening to that father’s story, every parent in that room had tears in their eyes because we knew that little girl could be our own.3 / 4

And I know that every American wants her future to be just as bright.That’s who we are.That’s the country I’m so proud to lead as your president.(Cheers, applause.)

And tonight, despite all the hardship we’ve been through, despite all the frustrations of Washington, I’ve never been more hopeful about our future.(Cheers, applause.)I have never been more hopeful about America.And I ask you to sustain that hope.AUDIENCE MEMBER: We got your back, Mr.President!

PRESIDENT OBAMA: I’m not talking about blind optimism, the kind of hope that just ignores the enormity of the tasks ahead or the road blocks that stand in our path.I’m not talking about the wishful idealism that allows us to just sit on the sidelines or shirk from a fight.I have always believed that hope is that stubborn thing inside us that insists, despite all the evidence to the contrary, that something better awaits us so long as we have the courage to keep reaching, to keep working, to keep fighting.(Cheers, applause.)

America, I believe we can build on the progress we’ve made and continue to fight for new jobs and new opportunities and new security for the middle class.I believe we can keep the promise of our founding, the idea that if you’re willing to work hard, it doesn’t matter who you are or where you come from or what you look like or where you love.It doesn’t matter whether you’re black or white or Hispanic or Asian or Native American or young or old or rich or poor, abled, disabled, gay or straight.(Cheers, applause.)You can make it here in America if you’re willing to try.(Cheers, applause.)

I believe we can seize this future together because we are not as divided as our politics suggests.We’re not as cynical as the pundits believe.We are greater than the sum of our individual ambitions and we remain more than a collection of red states and blue states.We are, and forever will be, the United States of America.(Cheers, applause.)

And together, with your help and God’s grace, we will continue our journey forward and remind the world just why it is that we live in the greatest nation on earth.(Cheers, applause.)Thank you, America.(Cheers, applause.)God bless you.God bless these United States.(Cheers, applause.)

篇3：美国传教士狄考文与登州文会馆

针对晚清时期的中国科举教育, 狄考文认为中国的教育就像一部脚踏车, “它循环转圈却不向前行驶, 它的开始与结束都围绕着那些古老的经典。它永远重复着正统的解说和注释, 在雷同的题目上以雷同的风格写文章, 一代又一代, 一次又一次使用相同的坩埚与模型浇铸相同的精神。新颖和原创性是缺陷而不是优点, 荣誉与报酬取决于是否遵循古代模式。”这种“教育体制不考虑原创性并将发明的思想抛在一边”[1]。

1864年秋季, 狄考文在他所住的观音堂里招了六个“寒素不能读书”的儿童, 办了一个住宿的“蒙塾”, “不仅免其修金, 而且丰其供给, 一切衣屐、靴袜、饮食、笔墨、纸张、医药以及归家路费”[2]54都由狄考文包下来, 其条件是必须住宿, 坚持学完六年课程, 才准其回家结婚就业。1872年, 狄考文在原有“蒙塾”的基础上, 扩大校舍, 增添课程, 称前三年为备斋, 后六年为正斋, “正斋视高等初学堂之程度即隐括中学于内;备斋视高等小学堂之程度, 而隐括蒙学于内。”[2]26并且正式定名为“文会馆”, 英文校名为“登州书院” (TengChow College) 。1876年文会馆有邹立文、李山青、李秉义三人念完了十年课程毕业, 是这所“大学”的首届毕业生。他们的做法比上海圣约翰书院 (即后来的圣约翰大学) 早三年, 比北京的汇文、通州的潞河 (这两校当时都称“书院”, 后来都称大学, 最后合并成为燕京大学) 又早了十几年。1900年, 文会馆与英浸礼会在青州的广德书院迁至潍县, 校名各取一字, 合成为“广文大学”, 其英文校名则为 (Shantung Christian University) , 柏尔根博士任校长。以后该校规模不断扩大, 后发展为著名的齐鲁大学, 是中国第一所教会大学, 在近代中国产生了极大的影响。

狄考文在登州文会馆实行了完全不同于中国传统教育的新模式。这种教育方式无论从教育目的、教育内容、教育形式都是当时最先进的教育方式。这些教育方式就是对当代教育也依然是有益的参考和借鉴。狄考文的教育改革主要体现在以下三个方面:

1. 教材新。

晚清中国的课本只讲孔子和他的儒家思想, 教人如何做人, 如何行事, 如何修身养性以及三纲五常等伦理道德和忠、孝、仁、义、礼、信等思想, 长篇累牍地叙述着高尚的情操和崇高的道德, “既不教数学、自然科学, 也不教地理学及文法。”[3]中国的课本, 没有画片, 也没有图解, 内容枯燥无味, 既不浪漫也不刺激, “常常是晦涩难懂的, 既缺幽默又少机智, 让人觉得提不起多少兴趣。它们从不触及人的生活, 而只是谈论一些抽象的道德和哲学问题, 就是对儒家经典深刻而又透彻的理解, 也没有有关现实思想的课程, 没有通过对自然的研究来获得创造性的课程。中国学生对英国学生在中学里所学的基础课程尚且知之甚少, 更不用说大学中那些高级课程了。数学、天文学、几何学、地质学等等, 这些名词对中国学生几乎是完全陌生的。至于英国青年人必须学习的一些纯粹科学的课程更是中国文人闻所未闻的”, 从书中孩子得不到快乐, “只有无休止的灌输, 努力想把那些印刷的糟糕透顶的文字留在记忆里。而这些东西未必与日常生活有多大关系。”[4]传教士发现当时中国教科书的这些缺点后, 认为有必要为教会学校编写新教科书。为解决当时的教科书问题, 1877年5月成立了“学校教科书委员会”, 中文称“益智书会”, 而且确立了教科书的编写原则。学校教科书委员会对教科书的编写原则进行了详细的规定。狄考文就这一问题在1877年教育杂志上发表文章说, 第一, 从翻译外国教科书逐步转向自己编写教科书, 编写的教科书应该是应中国社会的需要, 体现中国文化的特色;第二, 初步奠定中国近代教科书的编写体例和表现形式;第三, 将宗教宣传与教科书编写相结合;第四, 将统一术语工作引入教科书, 术语在构成上必须简洁明了, 在使用上应该灵活方便, 同学科术语必须具有相似性, 而且术语的定义务必经过认真准确地解释。这些观点得到委员会的赞同和采纳。

作为该委员会主要成员, 狄考文首先在登州文会馆内编写了《心算初学》和《笔算数学》等教材。他所编辑的教材独具特色, 他一般不用自己的讲稿直接编印课本, 而是将学生的笔记加以归纳、整理、修改、润色, 再编印成书。当时, 中国的书籍都是竖写而且是自右而左直着排列, 教数学就得先学阿拉伯数字, 必须自左而右横着写, 狄考文就采用中国传统的写法如:

所以, 狄考文所编的《心算初学》和《笔算数学》 (分上中下三册) 二书的习题都是汉字竖排出版。狄考文编写的教科书还有《代数备旨》《形学备旨》 (几何) 、《振兴实学记》, 还有未经出版仅由“生徒传抄学习”的如《理化试验》、《电学全书》、《电气镀金》、《测绘全书》、《微积习题》等。后来文会馆的毕业生如张松溪还自己动手编写了《勾股题镜》、《八线备旨》 (三角) ;王锡恩编写了《实用天体》、《力学测算》、《勾股演算》、《图解三角》;刘光照 (子耀) 也编译了好几本代数、几何课本, 销路也较广, 但这都无法埋没狄考文的启蒙作用。所以, 狄考文的编书方法, 能“使中国学生能够亲自参与, 从中体会西学真谛。”[5]

2. 教学方式新。

关于中国的传统教学方式, 传教士基本上持否定态度。美国传教士明恩溥曾非常形象地描述:“中国的学生没有在心中理解这些文字所表达的思想。他唯一关心的就是背诵。一旦他真正熟悉了要背诵的一段文字, 立刻高声地哼起来, 就像陀螺或圆锯发出的嗡嗡声。不管听着对这段文字多么熟悉, 要想从这种嗡嗡声中抽取出人的言语声, 都是极为困难的, 可以说几乎不可能。”[6]

狄考文也认为中国传统的教学方法有非常大的缺陷, 主要表现在三个方面:

第一, 学生所学的知识甚少。他说:“所学之事心愈用而愈入, 才亦愈用而愈增。”但是, 中国的小孩子“每天读书有限, 其记性亦有限。”[7]第二, 中国的为学之规只能使人增长记忆, 较少使人开阔思路。他认为, “中国之学问能俾人增记性, 固其所长, 而不能俾人长思才犹其所短也。”[7]因为中国读书人用记性的时候多, 用心思的时候较少。小孩子入学时不能写文作诗, 迟至七八年或者十余年, 也不过只能诵读一些诗文, 而人的思考能力是随着年龄增长而不断提高的, 由小渐大, 由浅入深。如果十年之前不启发小孩子的心智, 而到十年之后才开始启发他, 也不过思考一些考试题中的意思而不能思考考试题外没有传授的道理, 至于天地万物的运转却没有思考, 而且人间新奇的事物和方法也没有思考。他说, 这“无非中国之文人尽无思才也, 以其无长人思才之学耳。”如仅以诗文作为开人心智的途径, “吾知其必不足也。”[7]第三, 中国的教学方法注重“笔下文章”, 疏于“口中谈论”。

狄考文对中国传统教育方法提出批评的同时, 也从心理学视角提出了培养学生各种能力的建议和做法:第一, 培养学生的记忆能力。他认为传统教育的方法对于培养学生的记忆能力有一定的作用, 因为记忆是理解的前提, 是发展智力所必需的。他说:“人心之才有五, 即觉、悟、记、思、像, 二此五才之中莫要于记、思两端。士欲博古通今, 缺一不可也。”“所学愈多, 则所记亦愈多。”[7]讲的都是记忆的必要性。他还引用中国古籍中的话说, “《书》曰:‘念兹在兹’。《诗》曰:‘言提其耳’。《论》曰:‘默而识之’”等都是让人把所学的知识首先牢记在心中。[7]第二, 培养学生的演讲能力。他认为, 教学方法总体说有两种:一种是注重书本, 一种是注重谈论。书本文章不能把“钜细精粗”之理讲解得清晰明了, 通过教师的讲解分析可以振奋人之精神, 激发人之志气, 学习的人听到“言外之余味, 令人寻思而自得。”[7]所以, 谈论之技巧也是非学不可的, “学习之功浅, 言语必形其纳钝;学习之功深, 口舌自见其轻灵。”[7]小孩子应该自幼练习口才, 而且口才比文采更重要, 一般情况下, 有口才的人必有文采, 而有文采的人不一定有口才。所以在教学方法中应该既重文采又重口才, 二者缺一不可。为了训练学生的口才, 狄考文在课堂内外大力提倡“官话”, 课程中的道学部分如《教会问答》, 圣经选段都用白话文, 而且要求学生背诵。1866年, 狄考文还组织了一个叫做“擒藻”的辩论会。到了文会馆时代学生人数增多 (1866年只有十一名同学) , 狄考文就把学生分为“高谈、阔论、育才”三组, 以交换知识, 练习口辩。第三, 注重对学生进行启发式教育, 培养学生的思维能力。为了启发学生的观察视野, 狄考文在教学中率先引进实验的方法, 在登州文会馆建立了物理与化学实验室, 还附设了机械制造厂、发电厂和天文台等, 因为实验室的科学实验的运用是发展逻辑思维的最佳方式之一。此外, 他还建立了一整套完备的从幼儿园、小学、中学到大学的教育体制, 制定了班级制、年级制以及系统的学制, 按程度进行教学, 循序渐进, 由浅及深。

3. 考试方法新。

传教士对中国的科举考试方式最不满的就是八股取士。他们认为, 八股取士拘束人的手足而不能运动, 束缚人的思想而不灵活, 遮蔽人的耳目而无见闻, 其害无穷。美国传教士林乐知指出科举考试“只凭制义、试律, 土饭尘羹, 既空疏而无用。即条对经史、时务诸策, 浮词剿说, 亦摭拾而无根。合诸虞廷敷奏以言明, 试以功之意无乃相左。”[7]250科举考试已失去了往日衡量文采的功能, 所取的人士既不能“经国家”, 又不能“利社稷、安民心。”[7]250德国传教士花之安认为科举考试导致“君相以此求, 儒生以此应, 父兄以此教, 子弟以此期。”[8]

狄考文认为中国的科举考试方式方兴未艾, 还有一些益处, 如:“能鼓励后进, 拔擢寒士, 能令人多学圣贤之道。”但也有四大弊端:一是“不能辨真假”。考试只有一天, 两篇文章一首诗怎么能判断一个人的好坏呢?二是“不能断舞弊”。常见考试的人, 有的随身携带夹带, 有的雇帮手夺取功名, 这还是小的弊端。更有随棚抢手, 有的沟通廪保冒入场中, 有的沟通差人窝藏院内, 甚至官亲幕友, 或送内稿, 或递荐卷。种种弊端不可胜数。三是“启人干俸禄”。中国英才很多, 然而只知功名俸禄, 不干其他的事情, “未得功名, 已有干禄之心。既得功名, 不获食禄之报。于是告贷钱, 行阴行贿路, 总为得问计也。”四是“拘定学经书。盖文章之作非惟题目不外四书, 且言不宗乎六经则斥为稗典意, 不宗乎朱子则拟以荒谬。”[7]总的来说, 中国的科举考试方式弊多而利少。

参考文献

[1]C.W.Mateer, Chinese Education, The Chinese Recorder, Vol XIX.p245-246.

[2]王元德.文会馆志[M].潍坊:潍县广文学校印刷所, 1913.

[3]马克思·韦伯.儒教与道教[M].南京:江苏人民出版社, 1995:149.

[4]麦高温.中国人生活的明与暗[M].北京:时事出版社, 1998:49-52.

[5]史静寰.教会学校与近代中国的师资培养[J].高等师范教育研究, 1995 (1) .

[6]明恩溥.中国乡村生活[M].北京:中华书局, 2006:57.

[7]李天刚编校.万国公报文选[C].香港三联书店, 1998.

篇4：美国文学论文英语版

【关键词】人文性；文化；策略；品格

《义务教育英语课程标准》（2011年版）提出英语课程具有工具性和人文性的双重性质。就人文性而言，英语课程标准承担着提高学生综合人文素养的任务，即学生通过英语课程开阔视野，丰富生活经历，形成跨文化意识，增强爱国主义精神，发展创新能力，形成良好的品格和正确的人生观与价值观。工具性和人文性统一的课程有利于为学生的终身发展奠定基础。

笔者教学使用的是译林版小学英语，在品读了所有新版教材之后惊喜地发现，新版教材的内容设置体现了英语课程标准的双重性质，包含着丰富的人文资源，既有对中国文化的介绍，又明显地增加了对西方文化的渗透，突显了课程的人文性质，令人眼前一亮。

1.对国外文学作品的引入

一直以来，学生学习英语的主要途径就是日复一日地对单一的教材进行重复加工以及做练习题，课外文学作品阅读几乎是一个空白地带。新教材图文并茂地引入了多部外国文学作品，让人耳目一新。如：五年级上册的Goldilocks and the three bears，五年级下册的Cinderella，六年级上册的The kings new clothes，六年级下册的The lion and the mouse等。

学生的年龄特点决定了他们对童话故事的喜爱。通过阅读，他们被带入了一个奇特的世界，接触到原汁原味的英语，体验外国文化特色。笔者还让他们课后上网搜索、阅读其他外国著名童话故事。由此增进学生对不同文化背景、民族、国家、地区的了解和理解，使学生在认同中国文化的基础上，形成对异域文化的客观认识。

2.对中外传统节日的介绍

节日是每个国家文化的一种体现形式，不同的节日传递着不同的历史、风俗、价值观等。学习中国的传统节日有益于学生加深对中华民族优秀传统文化的认识和热爱。五年级下册Unit 7 Chinese festivals介绍了春节、端午节、中秋节和重阳节，学生回顾自己经历，结合课文内容，重温了这些传统的节日，了解每个节日的起源、节日的活动和节日的意义。

随着时代的进步，西方的重要节日也开始在中国流行起来，如万圣节、圣诞节……五年级上册的Unit 8 At Christmas，学生对其充满了学习的欲望。圣诞老人、圣诞树、礼物、火鸡和圣诞大餐对学生而言有着难以抵挡的诱惑。在圣诞节那天，笔者带着班级学生一起过圣诞节，他们带着圣诞帽，唱着圣诞歌，互赠圣诞礼物，整个班级洋溢着浓浓的节日氛围。

通过对中西方不同节日的学习，学生能够了解中外不同的节日风俗与价值观念，体会两者的文化差异，提高自身的文化素养；与此同时，学会包容和尊重不同的民族文化，形成跨文化意识，为发展跨文化交际能力打下基础。

3.对跨文化意识的培养

戈向红（2012）指出，文化是指所学语言国家的历史地理、风土人情、传统习俗、生活方式、行为规范、文学艺术、价值观念等。学生在学习英语的过程中接触和了解外国文化有益于对英语的理解和使用，有益于接受属于全人类先进文化的熏陶，有益于培养国际意识。教材从五年级开始，有些单元用culture time版块替换了三四年级的song time版块，culture time版块通过图文结合的方式介绍中外文化的差别或者介绍外国某一方面的文化知识。以五年级上册文化板块的知识点为例：第一单元介绍中西方传统饮食的区别，第二单元介绍英国和美国一楼的区别，第三单元介绍中国和一些英语国家的标志性动物，第五单元介绍英国和美国对于警察和消防员的不同称呼，第六单元介绍中英文地址的不同写法，第七单元介绍中国、美国和英国流行的运动。

Culture time的学习，帮助学生了解中外文化的异同，逐步增强学生对不同文化的理解能力，提高学生对文化的敏感性，培养学生的文化意识，为开展跨文化交际做准备。

4.对英语学习策略的指导

《标准》总目标中明确指出：“有效的学习策略有利于提高学生学习效率和发展自主学习能力。”发展有效的学习策略是提高学综合人文素养不可或缺的因素之一。

译林版小学英语每册教材的后面有两页“learning tips”，根据每个单元的学习内容，给学生提出学习建议，或提出问题引发学生思考，或教导学生使用某些学习工具，或引导学生使用某种学习方法，或补充一些英语国家的文化知识。如对于五年级上册Unit 1 Goldilocks and the three bears的建议是“Read more English stories.多读英语故事，有利于增长知识，积累词汇，提高兴趣，培养语感。你可以尝试多读一些英语故事。”

发展学习策略对于学生人文素养的培养意义重大。它能帮助学生形成自主学习能力，独立思考，解决问题，养成独立的人格特征；它有助于学生与学生之间的交流、沟通，培养学生的交际能力以及合作精神；它有利于学生做出清晰的自我认知，正确评价自我。

5.对学生品格、人生观和价值观的引导

译林版小学英语在教学内容上，根据学生的年龄特点和心理特征，潜移默化地引导学生形成良好的品格，树立正确的人生观和价值观。以六年级教材为例，六年级上册Unit 5 Signs帮助学会认识各种标志；Unit 6 Keep our city clean揭示城市存在的问题，追根溯源，使学生形成环保意识；Unit 7 Protect the Earth从节水、节约能源、保护树木、少用塑料四方面来引导学生保护地球六年级下册Unit 2 Good habits以刘涛的好习惯为例，引导学生养成良好的学习、生活习惯；Unit 3 A healthy diet对比迈克和杨玲的饮食，让学生得出结论何为健康饮食；Unit 5 A party告诉学生分工合作的重要性；Unit 8 Our dreams引导学生畅谈梦想，为了梦想的实现而不断努力。这些内容都和学生的日常生活密切相关，学生在课堂上学习课文，和同伴探讨思考，在生活中体验感悟，形成良好的品格和正确的人生观与价值观。

译林版小学英语包含了更丰富的人文内涵，加强了对课程人文性的挖掘和提炼，彰显了课程的人文性质。作为教师，我们要做一个有心人，对教材仔细研读，把握教材的人文内涵，将人文目标渗透于课堂教学的各个环节中，践行课程的人文性质，为学生的终身发展奠基。

【参考文献】

[1]教育部.义务教育英语课程标准（2011年版）[M].北京：北京师范大学出版社，2012

[2]戈向红.2012.小学英语高效教学[M].南京：南京大学出版社

篇5：美国文学论文英语版

Thought this make you blow out.The popular vote is relatively close in Florida, and the journey even close present Ladies and Gentlemen It’s the first family of United States of America.And there he is president and the left

Barack Obama.his wife Michelle and daughters Sasha and Malia, Let’s take it in.今晚一定非常火爆万众瞩目的大选在佛罗里达落下了帷幕

这个漫长的征程已经接近尾声

女士们先生们

这是美利坚合众国的第一家庭

现在进场的是总统以及他的家人巴拉克.奥马巴

他的妻子米歇尔还有他的女儿们萨萨和玛利亚热烈欢迎

Hello, Chicago.If there is anyone out there, who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible, who still wonders, if the dream of our founders is alive in our time;who still questions the power of our democracy，tonight is your answer.芝加哥，我来了如果仍有人在怀疑美国是否是一个万能的国家；如果仍有人在疑虑美国缔造者的梦想是否存活于这个时代；如果仍人在质疑我们的民主力量是否强大，今晚答案将被揭晓。

It’s the answer told by lines that stretched around schools and churches , in numbers this nation has never seen , by people who waited three hours and four hours , many for the first time in their lives , because they believed that this time must be different , that their voices could be that difference.It’s the answer spoken by young and old;rich and poor;Democrat and Republican;black, white, Hispanic, Asian, Native America, gay, straight;disabled and not disabled

我们可以从史无前例的)（排在学校和教堂周围等待投票的浩荡的队伍中获知答案，这些选民排了三四个小时的队。其中有些人甚至是生平第一次参与选举，因为他们相信这次选举是与众不同的，而这种不同则可能来自于他们内心的呼声，无论是青年还是老人，无论是富人还是穷人，无论是民主党人还是共和党人，无论是黑人、白人、还是西班牙裔、亚裔、本土美国人、亦或同性恋者、异性恋者;无论是残障人士还是健全人士，都将告诉我们答案。

Americans who sent a message to the world that we have never been just a collection of individuals, or a collection of red states and blue states.We are and always will be the United States of America.It’s the answer that led those who’ve been told for so long by so many to be cynical and fearful，and doubtful about what we can achieve to put their hands on the arc of history and bend it once more toward the hope of a better day.It’s been a long time coming , but tonight ，because of what we did on this date in this election at this defining moment , change has come to America

全国人民已经告诉全世界，我们的选举从未有过红州和蓝州之分我们是，而且永远都是美利坚合众国。这个答案，告诉了那些长久以来对我们的未来充满担忧，焦虑以及恐惧的人们。我们要用双手重筑历史的大桥，让它通向更加美好的彼岸。为了迎接这一刻的到来，我们已经期待良久。但在今晚，由于我们在选举的关键时刻所做出的抉择，美国将翻开崭新的一页。

A little bit earlier this evening, I received an extraordinarily gracious call form Sen.McCan.Sen.McMain fought long and hard in this campaign.And he’s fought even longer and harder

for the country that he loves.He has endured sacrifices for America that most of us cannot begin to imagine.We are better off for the service rendered by this brave and selfless leader.I congratulate him.I congratulate Goy.Palin for all that they’ve achieved.And I look forward to working with them to renew this nation’s promise in the months ahead

就在刚才，我接到到了极具风度的麦凯恩议员的电话，麦凯恩为了这次选举奋战了很久，为了所热爱的国家，出更加艰辛而长久的努力。长期以来他对美国所做出的贡献，是超乎我们想象的。我们已受益于，这位勇敢无私的领导者为美国所做出的贡献，我祝贺他，也祝贺佩琳，他们取得了骄人的成绩，同时我很期待能与他们合作来履行我们数月之前对整个国家做出来的承诺)。

I want to thank my partner in this journey, a man who campaigned from his heart, and spoke for the men and women he grew up with on the streets of Scranton, and rode with on the train home to Delaware.The vice president-elect of the United States, Joe Biden.我要感谢我的竞选拍档，他全心全意参与竞选，为那些和他一起在斯克兰顿街头长大，为那些和他一同搭火车回特拉华的普通民众代言。他就是已经当选为美国副总统的乔拜登。

And I wound not be standing here tonight without the unyielding support of my best friend for the last 16 years , the rock of our family , the love of my life , the nation’s next first lady Michelle.Obama.Sasha and Malia, I love you both more than you can imagine, and you have earned the new puppy

that ‘s coming with us to the new White House.I know my grandmother’s watching along with the family that made me who I am.I miss them tonight.I know that my debt to them is beyond measure.To my sister Maya, my sister Alma, all my other brothers and sisters.Thanks you so much for the support that you’ve giver me.I am grateful to them.今晚我将不会站在这里，如果没有我16年来挚友的全力支持，没有我家庭成员的强力支撑，没有我一生挚爱的妻子，也就是下一位美国第一夫人米歇尔.奥巴马的支持。萨莎和玛利亚，我对你们的爱是超乎想象的，你们已经得到了一只新的小狗，它将和我们一起入住白宫。我的祖母以及我的家人正在注视着我，是他们一同成就了今天的我，今晚我很想念他们。我所亏欠他们的是无以回报的恩情，感谢我的妹妹玛雅和阿尔玛，还有其他兄弟姐妹，非常感谢你们对我的全力支持。我真的很感激.And to my campaign manager, David Plouffe, the unsung hero of this campaign ,who built the best political campaign, I think in the history of the United states of America.To my chief Strategist David Axerlrod.who’s been a partner with me every step of the way.To the best campaign team ever assembled in the history of politics you made this happen, and I am forever grateful for what you’ve sacrificed to get it done.感谢我的竞选经理，大卫.普劳夫这位无名英雄创造了美国历史上最伟大的政治选举。还要感谢我的首席策略师大卫.亚克瑟罗德，他是我竞选中的好搭档。感谢有史以来最棒的竞选团队，是你们造就了今天这一刻，我将会永远铭记，铭记你们为此时此刻所付出的努力。

But above all, I will never forget who this victory truly belongs to, It belongs to you, It belongs to you.I was never the likeliest candidate for this office.We didn’t start with much money or many endorsements.Our campaign was not hatched in the halls of Washington.It began in the backyards of Dos Moines and the living rooms of Concord, and the front porches of Charleston.It was built by working men and women who dug into what little savings, they had go give $5 and $10 and $20 to the cause.但最重要的是，将永远不会忘记这场胜利的真正归属

它属于你们，它属于你们。我一直没有对我的选举抱有希望起初我们并没有充足的资金和广泛的支持。我们的竞选之程并非起步于华盛顿的高门华第之内，而是始于得梅因的后院协和酒店的客厅以及查尔斯顿的门廊，们的资金是靠那些辛勤的劳动者积累而来的，他们省吃俭用，是为了能为我们的竞选凑上5美元、10美元、或者20美元。

It grew strength form the young people who reject the myth of their generation’s apathy, who left their homes and their families for jobs that offered little pay and less sleep.It drew strength form the not-so-young people who braved the better cold and scorching heat to knock on doors of perfect strangers, and form the millions of Americans who volunteered an organized and proved that more than two centuries later, a government of the people, by the people and for the people has not perished form the Earth.This is your victory.那些摒弃了他们那代人冷漠传说的年轻人使竞选队伍成长了起来，那些离开了家乡和亲人，在外闯荡只能赚取微薄收入的人们，那些为了进行宣传活动默默忍受着刺骨的寒冷和焦灼的高温挨家挨户地敲响陌生人的房门的人们也日益壮大了我们的队伍，数以万计的美国人民自发组织起来就是为了证明就算是两百多年以后就个民有、民享、民治的政府仍将巍然屹立与地球之上 , 这个胜利是属于你们的.And I know you didn’t do this just to win an election, And I know you didn’t do it for me.You did it because you understand the enormity of task that lies ahead.For even as we celebrate tonight, we know the challenges that tomorrow will bring are the greatest of our lifetime.Two wars, a planets in peril, the worst financial crisis in century.Even as we stand here tonight, we know there are brave Americans waking up in the deserts of Iraq and the mountains of Afghanistan to risk their lives for us.我知道你们所做的一切并不只是为了赢得大选，我也知道你们所做的一切并不是为了我一个人。你之所以这样做是因为你们明白，我们前路仍然布满荆棘。即使我们今晚在此欢呼雀跃我们也难以漠视未来之挑战的艰巨性将是空前绝后的这一事实，两场战争，一个满目疮痍的星球和一场百年不遇的特大经济危机，即使我们今晚聚会于此庆祝狂欢，我们也情不自禁的牵挂着勇敢的美国士兵，为了保护我们而冒着生命危险跋涉于伊拉克沙漠之中，攀援于阿富汗的群山之上。

There are mothers and fathers who will lie awake after the children fall asleep and wonder how they’ll make the mortgage

or pay their doctors’ bills or save enough for their child’s college education.There’s new energy to harness, new jobs to be created, new schools to build and threats to meet, alliances to repair.The road ahead will be long, Our climb will be steep.还会有父母在孩子进入梦乡之后仍然无法入眠，担心如何偿还按揭月供，担心如何支付医疗费，或者担心如何存够送孩子上大学的钱。我们亟待开发新能源，创造新的工作机会，修建新的学校，有应付众多威胁，修复与许多国家之间的关系，路漫漫其修远兮，前方的路是陡峭的。

We may not get there in one year or even in one term, But, America, I have never been hopeful than I am tonight that we will get there.I promise you, we as a people will get there.There will be setbacks and false starts.There are many who won’t agree with every decision or policy I make as president.And we know the government can’t solve every problem.But I will always be honest with you about the challenges we face, I will listen to you especially when we disagree.And, above all, I will ask you to join in the work of remaking this nation, the only way it’s been done in America for 221 years, block by block, brick and brick, calloused hand by calloused hand.我们未必能在一年或者一届任期之内完成任务，但是，美国，我从未像今晚这样满怀希望。我们就可以达到目标，我向你保证，我们会做到的。途中会有挫折，甚至一开始就会失败，会有很多人不同意我作为总统所做出的决策与制定的方针。众所周知，政府不是万能的，但我会永远坦率地面对我们的挑战，我会听取你们的意见，尤其在我们出现分歧的时候。最重要的是，我会恳求你们加入重建共同家园的工作，一项我们已经为之奋斗了211年的工作，一砖一瓦，一步一个脚印。

What began 21 months ago, in the depths of winter cannot end on this autumn night.This victory alone is not the change we seek.It is the change for us to make that change, And that cannot happen if we go back to the way things were.It can’t happen without you, without a new sprit of service, new spirit of sacrifice.So let us summon a new spirit of patriotism, of responsibility where each of us resolves to pitch in and work harder and look after not only ourselves but each other.21个月前，在白雪纷飞的寒冬中开始的艰程，不能在这秋日的夜晚里结束。单就这次选举的胜利而言，它并不是我们所渴求的变化，它仅仅是实现变化的一个机会。但是如果我们重蹈覆辙，这一变化将无从实现。没有你们，没有新的服务精神，没有新奉献精神，国家的面貌不会得到改变，所以让我们发扬全新的爱国主义精神以及主人翁精神，每一个人都致力于努力工作并关心他人。

Let us remember that, if this financial crisis taught us anything.It’s that we cannot have a thriving Wall Street while Main Street suffers.In this country, we rise or fall as one nation, as one people.Let’s resist the temptation to fall back on the same partisanship and pettiness, and immaturity that has poisoned our politics for so long.我们要记得这次金融危机带给我们的教训，如果小城镇萧条的话中，华尔街也繁荣不起来。在美国，让我们以一个民族一个整体的身份同存亡共荣辱，我们摒弃那些，毒害国家政权多年的幼稚无聊的党派纷争。

Let’s remember that it was a man from this state, who first carried the banner of the Republican Party to White House.a party founded on the values of self-reliance and individual liberty and national unity.Those are values that we all share.And while the Democratic Party has won a great victory tonight, we do so with a measure of humility and determination to heal the divides that have held back our progress.As Lincoln said to a nation far more divided than ours, we are not enemies, but friends.Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection.我们要始终铭记这个国家的一名男子，第一次将共同党的旗帜挂在了白宫之上。一个倡导自力更生独立民主和国家统一的政党。那些都是我们所拥护的价值观，今晚在民主党大获全胜的同时，我们更要以一种谦卑果敢的心态。那些阻碍我们前进的隔膜以及分歧去化解并消除。在面临着比当今形式更严重的国家分裂时，林肯说过，我们是朋友，不是敌人。尽管现在我们的情绪有些紧绷，但决不允许它折断联结我们情感的纽带。

And to those Americans whose support I have yet to earn, I may not have won your vote tonight, but I hear your voices, I need your help, and I will be your president, too.And to all those watching tonight from beyond our shores, form parliaments and palaces, to those who are huddled around radios in the forgotten corners of world, our stories are singular , but destiny is shared, and a new dawn of American leadership is at hand.对于那些没有投我选票的选民，也许时至今晚我也尚未得到你们的支持，但是我听到了你们的心声我需要你们的帮助，因为同时我也是你们的总统。对于那些远在大洋彼岸，在国会和王宫中的人们，对于那些蜷缩在一个被遗忘的角落听收音机的人们。我们各有各的故事，但是我们的命运是密切相关的，美国的领导阶层即将破晓黎明

To those-to those who would tear the world down: We will defeat you, To those who seek peace and security: We support you.And to all those who have wondered if America’s beacon still burns as bright, Tonight we proved once more that the true strength of our nation comes not form the might of our arms or the scale of our wealth, but from the enduring power of ideals democracy , liberty , opportunity and unyielding hope.对于那些试图让天下大乱的人，我们将毫不留情地击败你们，对于那些期望世界安全和平的人，我们将义无反顾地支持你们，至于那些对美国是否能保持超级大国地位持有怀疑态度的人。今晚我们将再次证明我们的客观实力，并非来自于我们的军队和财富，而是来自于源源不断的梦想的力量，民主、自由、机遇以及永不服输的希望。

That’s the true genius of America：that America can change our union can be perfected.What we’ve already achieved gives us hope for what can and must achieve tomorrow.美国的真正天赋在于：美国是与时俱进的。我们的联盟会日趋完善，我们已经取得了成就，给我我们新的希望，让我们更加步伐坚定地迈向明天。

This election had many fists and many stories that will be told for generations, But one that’s on my mind tonight’s about a woman who cast her ballot in Atlanta, She’s a lot like the millions of others, who stood in line to make their voice heard in this election except for one thing, Ann Nixon Cooper is 106 years old.She was born just a generation past slavery, a time when there were no cars on the road or planes in the shy when someone like her couldn’t vote for two reasons, because she was a woman and because of the color of her skin.And tonight, I think about all that she’s seem throughout her century in America, the heartache and the hope the struggle and the progress.the times we were told that we can’t, and the people who pressed on with that American creed : Yes we can.At a time when women’s voices were silenced and their hopes dismissed, she lived to see them stand up and speak out and reach for the ballot.Yes, we can.When there was despair in the dust bowl and depression across the land, she saw a nation conquer fear itself with a New Deal, new jobs, a new sense of common purpose Yes we can.When the bombs fell on our harbor, and tyranny threatened the world, she was there to witness a generation rise to greatness and a democracy was saved.Yes, we can.he was there for the buses in Montgomery, the hoses in Birmingham, a bridge in Selma, and a preacher from Atlanta who told a people that, “We shall overcome ”.Yes, we can.A man touched down on the moon, a wall came down in Berlin, a world was connected by our own science and imagination, And this year, in this election, she touched her finger to screen, and cast her vote, because after 106 years in America, though the best of times and the darkest of hours, she knows how America can change.Yes, we can.这次选举所创造的无数“第一次”和故事将永垂青史，但让我印象最为深刻的是一位在亚特兰大投上她神圣一票的女士。她和数以万计的在这次选举中想说出心声的选民，唯一的不同之处在于，安.尼克松.库伯已经106岁高龄了。她出生在刚废除奴隶制不久的年代，那是个没有汽车飞机的年代，那里她没有选举权，有两个原因，因为她是女人，同时也是黑人。但是今晚，我思索着在她的阶段所绝对经历的百年美国，挣扎与进步，绝望与希望那个让我们妄自菲薄的年代，我们被告知我们所向披靡的美国信条的年代，那是一个女人心声的被压制（梦想被搁浅）的时代，她见证了女性同胞站了起来，勇敢说出自己的心声，并拥有了选举权，是的，我们可以。当国家牌绝望和一片萧条的境况中，她见证了一个国家是如何通过新政的，新的工作机会，新的全民意识战胜了恐惧。是的，我们可以。当日本袭击珍珠港，暴政让世界岌岌可危时，她见证了一代人的崛起和民主得到捍卫。是的，我们可以。她看到蒙马利通了巴士，伯明翰接上了水管，塞尔玛建了大桥。一位来自亚特兰大的传教士告诉人们，“我们会战胜一切”，是的，我们可以。人类的登月，柏林墙的倒塌，世界被我们的科学和想象连接在一起。今年，在这次大选中，她用手指触摸屏幕，投下了自己神圣的一票，因为她在美国生活的106年期间，既见证了兴盛时期，也目睹了衰败时期，她知道美国是如何一步步走过来的。是的，我们可以。

America, we have come so far, We have seen so much, But there is so much more to do, So, tonight, let us ask ourselves，if our children should live to see the next century, if my daughters should be so lucky to live as long as Ann Nixon Cooper, what change will they see ? what progress will we have made ？ This is our chance to answer that call ,This is our moment, This is our time, to put our people back to work and open doors of opportunity for our kids, to restore prosperity and promote the cause of peace, to reclaim the American dream and reaffirm that fundamental truth that, out of many ,we are one, that while we breathe, we hope And where we are met with cynicism and doubts and those who tell us that we can’t we will respond with that timeless creed that sums up the spirits of a people.Yes, we can.Thank you，God bless you, And may God bless the United States of America.美国，我们走过了漫漫长路，我们历经了种种坎坷，但仍然有许多事情要做，所以今晚，让我们扪心自问。如果我们的孩子能够活到下个世纪，如果我们的女儿有幸和安.尼克松.库伯一样长寿，她们会看到怎样的改变？我们将会取得什么样的进步？这是我们回答这个问题的机会，这是我们的时刻，这一刻是属于我们的，造更多的就业机会，为我们的子孙后代敞开更多的机遇之门让我们创，重建繁荣之大厦推进和平之进程，重温“美国之梦”，确立基本真理。那就是，我们是相亲相爱的一家人，只要我们一息尚存，我们就怀揣梦想，只要有人对我们持有添油加醋的质疑，我们就用我们永恒的信条回击他们。是的，我们可以。感谢你们，上帝保佑你们，上帝保佑美利坚合众国。

篇6：美国新生上哈佛文阅读训练附答案

①几年前，思杜.鲍威尔的儿子雷蒙被哈佛大学录取了。因为成绩优秀和具有极出色的社会服务记录，雷蒙拿到了全额奖学金。这对他们全家来说是一件很幸运、很快乐的事情。我们作为思杜的同事也深深地为他感到高兴。连续一段时间，办公室里祝贺之词不绝于耳。有一天，思杜告诉大家，孩子很快就要去上学了，他刚刚和主管商量过，打算下周三在公司里请大家吃一顿中饭，到时把儿子也请来，以示庆贺。他说：“这样既不影响工作，大家也会很轻松、亲切。再者，这样朴实的庆贺仪式也不会给孩子留下不好的影响!”大家都表示赞成，就是我的心里在犯嘀咕，在公司里举行宴会，怎么摆酒席?怎么个吃法?老美办事真是新鲜啊!到了周三上班的时候，我一进办公室就看到了思杜，他笑嘻嘻地看着我说：“别忘了中午一起吃饭。”我问他儿子在哪里，他说，儿子在后面的小厨房里在为午餐做准备。

②在美国，许多公司的办公室里有一个小厨房，便于职工加热带来的午饭。美国人的`午餐很不讲究。一个三明治，一个热狗，热一热带来的食品，喝一杯咖啡，有的女孩一个蛋卷冰淇淋就可以打发了。所以，我理解了为什么有的华文报纸把英文Lunch(午餐)翻译成中文为“浪吃”了。可能他们觉得午餐大吃是一种浪费吧。

③忙了一阵子，头昏脑涨，看看手表，已经10点半了，我打算到外面去转悠一会儿。突然想起雷蒙正在小厨房里准备午餐，于是，好奇心驱使我去看看雷蒙在做什么。到了小厨房，看到雷蒙在认真地准备午餐，他有条不紊地忙碌着，脸上带着微笑。雷蒙见我过来，热情地打招呼。当然，我对他被哈佛录取表示了热烈的祝贺。

④雷蒙问我在小厨房能呆多少时间，我说，5分钟。雷蒙有点腼腆地说：“时间足够了，我来为你介绍一下午餐的菜肴!”接着，雷蒙告诉我，为了健康起见，沙拉是混合蔬菜沙拉，汤是牛肉浓汤，已炖了近1个小时。我的眼睛找了找，看到灶台上没有汤锅。雷蒙可能看出了我的疑惑，他指着一个很大的像电饭锅一样的东西说：“在这个汤煲里，正炖着呢。”我顺眼望去，看到这个大电煲正在冒着热气。雷蒙说：“你打开盖子闻闻，很香。这个大汤煲可是花两美元租来的。”然后我还看到灶台旁的桌子上有一大盆腌好的牛排，一个面包炉，边上还摆了不少新出炉的意大利面包……这真让我开了眼界，欢送一个孩子上哈佛，却让这个孩子下厨来当厨师，这也只有在美国;如果在中国，一个孩子考上名牌大学，那家长一定会在酒店里大摆宴席，胡吃海喝一番了。

⑤12点钟左右，大家一起过来用午餐，热情地祝贺雷蒙，同时，都夸他的手艺好。杰西卡是一位傻大姐似的姑娘，居然很不理解雷蒙为什么不去考厨师学校却去上哈佛……

⑥两个多月后，思杜拿着他儿子雷蒙从学校寄来的一大堆照片给我们看，自豪地说：“雷蒙路上走了32天，做了大量的社会调查，调查报告得到了老师的高度评价，并且，不仅500元钱一分没花掉，除去路上的花费，还挣了100多元钱。”雷蒙一路上的照片，大部分都是在社会调查时与被调查对象的合影，看着雷蒙那张诚实、厚道带点稚嫩的脸，我感慨万千：这就是哈佛的学生啊!

1.请将本文缩写成100字以内的内容简介。

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2.下面一段文字是从文中节选出来的，它应该放在( )

除了从内心对雷蒙这孩子佩服与赞许外，我还有一点不理解，为什么离开学还有一个多月，雷蒙就要打道上路了。于是，我就问雷蒙这个问题，雷蒙回答说：“我准备到父亲那里借500元钱。一路上搭便车，沿路对一些社区做社会调查，主要是在餐厅里边打短工，边对不同人群的用餐支出做一个规模较大的调查。同时，我也有一些收入，这样极有可能我一分钱不花就到了学校。”

A.①②段之间

B.③④段之间

C.④⑤段之间

D.⑤⑥段之间

3.文章开头交代雷蒙“成绩优秀和具有极出色的社会服务记录”“拿到了全额奖学金”，这样写有什么好处?

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4.第②段在写法上有什么特点?在全文中起了怎样的作用?

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5.对文中的雷蒙和思杜这两个人，你是怎么评价的?(任选其中一个评价)

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参考答案：

1.示例：雷蒙考上了哈佛大学，并以优秀的成绩和极出色的社会服务记录，拿到了全额奖学金。他以简朴的方式表示庆贺，在上学的路上，他沿路做了社会调查。(意对即可)