老厨师阅读理解及答案

2024-04-28

老厨师阅读理解及答案(精选5篇)

篇1:老厨师阅读理解及答案

(1)一七八六年一个冬天的傍晚,维也纳城郊的一间小木屋里,一位失明的老人,杜恩伯爵夫人从前的厨师快要死了。几年前,这位厨师被炉子的热气熏瞎了眼。从那时起,伯爵夫人的管家就让他住到这间岗棚里,偶然想起时才给他几个佛罗伦①。(2)厨师和他女儿玛丽亚住在一起,她是一个十七八岁的姑娘。小屋里全部家什只有一张床、几条瘸腿的板凳、一张粗笨的桌子、满是裂纹的瓷碟和玛丽亚的惟一财产——一架拨弦古钢琴。

(3)玛丽亚给他临终的老父亲擦过身,穿上冰冷干净的衬衫,这时老人说:“我从来不喜欢神甫和修道士。我不能请牧师听忏悔,但是临终前我要净化一下我的心灵。”

(4)“你到街上去,”老人又说,“把碰到的第一个人请到家里来,听取一个临终人的忏悔吧。我想谁也不会拒绝你的。”

(5)街上空无一人。风把落叶刮得满街跑,昏暗的天空落下冰冷的雨点。(6)玛丽亚等了很久,才碰到一位陌生人。她用颤抖的声音向他转述了父亲的请求。(7)“好吧,”那人平静地说,“我固然不是神甫,但没关系。走吧。”(8)他俩进到屋里。这个陌生人麻利地把凳子拉到床边,坐下来,俯下身,愉快地注视了一下临终人的面孔。(9)“您说吧!”他说,“也许我不是用上帝给予的权力,而是用我所从事的艺术的力量,让您在生命的最后时刻轻松下来,并卸下您心灵上的重负。”(10)“我干了一辈子活儿,直到双目失明,”老人小声说,并把陌生人的一只手拉到自己身边。“干活儿的人是没工夫去犯罪的。我的妻子,她叫玛尔塔,她害上肺病以后,医生给她开了很多种珍贵的药品,还叮嘱要给她吃鲜奶油和无花果,喝滚热的红酒,我于是从杜恩伯爵夫人的一套茶具中偷了一只小小的金盘子,把它砸成碎块卖了。现在回想起这件事心里很难过,我对女儿隐瞒了这件事,一直教育她,别人的东西一点也不要动。(11)”“伯爵夫人的仆人中有人为这事受到牵连吗?”陌生人问。(12)“我发誓,先生,绝对没有,”老人回答说,哭起来。“要是我知道黄金救不了我的玛尔塔,我怎么会去偷呢!”老厨师阅读答案(13)“那好,约翰·梅耶,”陌生人说,把一只手放在老人失明的双眼上,“您在人们面前没有罪。您所做的,说不定还该算是您对爱情奉献的壮举。”(14)“阿门!”老人小声说。(15)“现在您告诉我您最后的心愿吧。”(16)“我希望有人能照顾玛丽亚。”(17)“这由我来做。您还希望什么呢?”(18)这时,即将逝去的老人忽然露出微笑,大声说:“我希望能再一次看见玛尔塔,像我年轻时看到她那样。我想看见太阳,看见这座古老的花园百花盛开的春天。”(19)“好吧,”陌生人说着站起来,走到拨弦古钢琴旁边,坐到钢琴前的凳子上。急促的琴声忽然从岗棚里飘散开来,仿佛千百颗玉珠散落到地上。(20)“听吧,”陌生人说,“一边听,一边看。”(21)“我看见了,先生!”老人说着,从床上微微欠起身来。“我看见和玛尔塔相遇的那一天了,那天她由于难为情,打破了牛奶罐。那是冬天,在山里。天空像湛蓝的玻璃一样透明,玛尔塔笑了。她笑了。”陌生人弹奏着,一边看着黑洞洞的窗口。“现在呢?”他问,“您看见什么了吗?”(22)老人默默地谛听着。(23)“难道您没有看见,”陌生人一面弹奏,一面匆促地说,“夜由黑变蓝,之后由蓝变成蔚蓝吗?热融融的阳光已经从什么地方的上空投射下来,您家这些古树的树枝上已经绽开了白色的花朵。依我看,那是苹果树上的花。您看,第一道阳光已经投射到石砌的围墙上,把围墙晒热了,上边直冒热气。可能是浸透着融雪的青苔水气正在蒸发吧。天空变得更高,更蓝,更美了,鸟儿已经成群地从古老的维也纳上空往北飞去了。”(24)“这些我全都看见了,”老人喊道。老人倒在枕头上,急促地喘息起来,双手在被子上摸索。他气喘吁吁地说:“我像很多年前一样清楚地看到了一切。但是我不能不知道„„你的名字就死去。名字!”“我叫沃尔夫康·亚马德·莫扎特,”陌生人回答说。玛丽亚离开床边,双膝几乎触到地,向这位伟大的音乐家深深施礼。(25)当她直起腰来时,老人已经死了。窗外已是朝霞满天,洒满湿润雪花的花园沐浴在霞光中。(1940年)11.结合全文理解,小说的开篇交待故事发生在冬天、老厨师眼瞎的原因及其被弃置于岗棚有何用意?(5分)答:① 交待故事发生在冬天的用意(2分):

②交待老厨师眼瞎及被弃置于岗棚的用意(3分): 12.根据第4、第10段的描写,扼要分析老厨师这一人物形象的特征。(5分)13.小说高潮终结在哪一段?并阐明判定的依据。(5分)14.作为崇尚浪漫主义的抒怀大师帕乌斯托夫斯基曾这样评价批判现实主义文学大师莫泊桑——“他召呼我们向何处去?他带领人们向何处往?他做过什么承诺?„„倘使莫泊桑的作品多一些同情,他会作为善良的化身留在人们的记忆之中。”

帕乌斯托夫斯基以为莫泊桑展示了这个世界的苦难与人性的丑恶,却没有给生活在苦难与丑恶的世界中的人以出口、以救赎。小说《老厨师》却借“莫扎特”之口道出了这样一句话——“我用我所从事的艺术的力量,让您在生命的最后时刻轻松下来,并卸下您心灵上的重负。”

你认同帕乌斯托夫斯基的这一主张吗?请援引文学或艺术史上的经典事件阐明自己的观点。(5分)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案:11.①交代故事发生在冬天,不仅仅是点出故事发生的时间,同时意在突出老厨师临死的凄凉,(1分)与后文冬天的景物描写相呼应,共同渲染出了一种悲剧氛围。(1分)②交代老厨师眼瞎的原因及其被弃置,突出了老厨师陷入悲剧性结局的无辜及偷窃金盘子的无罪,(1分)揭示了老厨师之所以被侮辱、被损害社会层面上的悲剧根源,(1分)也与后文写莫扎特给老厨师带来如春天般的临终关怀构成对比。(1分)(答题注意涉及小说主题、情节、表现手法三个角度)12.被人的冷漠与冷酷推至死神怀抱的老厨师,临终前仍相信人们会听取一个临终人的忏悔,表现了老厨师相信人性本善的善良。(2分)老厨师向陌生人忏悔的“小声”,表现了他是一位有羞耻心的人;(1分)干了一辈子活直到双目失明,写出了老厨师的勤劳;(1分)一辈子除了为了挽救生命垂危的妻子而冒险偷了伯爵夫人的一只小小的金盘子而无其他值得忏悔的罪孽,表现了老厨师的本分及对所爱之人的真挚。(1分)13.高潮在第(24)段。(1分)理由如下:(1)小说的核心情节是围绕着一个卑微而又圣洁的灵魂如何得到临终关怀而展开的,至24段,莫扎特的音乐让临死的老厨师因感受到抚慰与温暖而激动不已,玛丽亚也被感动得双膝几乎触地向莫扎特施礼。至此,临终关怀的主体情节已经叙述完毕。(2分)(2)从为了表现莫扎特的角度上看,“陌生人”是谁的悬念至此也彻底解开,读者至此也了解了作者的构思之妙。(2分)(3)第25段交代的是老厨师之死,有着浓烈抒情色彩的景物描写也是为了照应开篇与渲染氛围,它是故事的结局与尾声。(如前两点答得不完整,答到这一点也可给1分)

14、答案示例:我认同帕乌斯托夫斯基的观点,文学应该具有救世功能。(2分)鲁迅创作《阿Q正传》明确告诉世人,他要借此揭示病痛,引起疗救的注意。没有担当意识的文学家不是完整意义上的文学家,正因为如此,林语堂在民族危亡之际倡言幽默文学会遭到人们的非议。(3分)

篇2:老厨师阅读理解及答案

在一个墙角上有个鞋摊儿,一位老头坐在马扎儿上,在为过往的行人和左右住户们修补鞋子。

他的摊儿上,摆着一些不起眼的东西,小钉子、碎皮子、前掌、后掌、鞋油、胶水,还有废旧的自行车、汽车的外带和内胎

他使用的家什,也是顶普通的工具,切刀、锥子、磨石、剪子、铁锤和钉子

老头儿长年坐在十字路口的墙角边,好使东南西北的行人都能看到他。他整天不闲地为人修补鞋子。

他的背后,就是一家店铺小货仓的窗子,窗子向南,窗子上摆满了花盆儿。花盆里的花儿长得十分茂实,可说不上有什么名贵的。天门冬、金丝荷叶、榨浆草,还有一盆玻璃翠

因为是小货仓,两扇玻璃窗子几乎终年都不打开,所以这几盆花都伸长脖子,够着,够着地争取阳光。因此,无冬历夏地开着它就自然成了老补鞋匠的背景,因为,老头儿也是无冬历夏地在补鞋

摊子上没有字号,也没有人知道老鞋匠的名字。来修补鞋子的人只是顺口地叫他一声师傅罢了。墙上贴着一张纸条儿,上边写着:快修,当时可取。

不停的来人,坐在小凳上,等他把鞋修好,就好上路。

有战士,有工人,也有农民,还有学生们

鞋有各式各样的,更多的是塑料底的。有的人因为鞋跟磨偏了,有的人鞋子开线了,有的鞋帮裂口子了,有的因为鞋跟掉了,还有那些爱惜新鞋的,没穿就拿来打掌了。还有那矮个子姑娘拿着半高跟鞋来要求老鞋匠再把跟儿加上半寸

人们把修好的鞋子,重新穿在脚上,站起身来,抖擞精神,觉得比以前轻快多了。

有的.人,接过鞋匠手里的鞋子穿上,在地上轻轻跺了两下,既合脚,又称心,付了钱,就声谢谢,便踏步走在路上了。

这个老头,曾经托人写了快修字条儿,他是为了人们的方便,因为人都要走路的,穿着鞋的脚才能走得远些快些。老头儿,他大概为了怕人等得心急,才告诉人们,他这鞋摊,能够当时修得,马上穿起,立即继续走路。可是,他知道不知道,鞋子修得称心,走路的人加快速度要节省多少时间、多做多少事呢!

我重新看了这补鞋匠一眼,又向玻璃窗子里面不谢的花看了一眼,感到,他不只是个修补鞋子的人,他倒是一个为人们修补流去时间漏洞的人。

1.文中所叙述的这个修鞋摊,特点是__________和__________

2.第2.3段所列举的都是修鞋必备的材料和工具,作者这样写的意图是_________。还有哪些内容体现作者这一意图?______________

3.结尾段我重新看了这补鞋匠一眼,又向玻璃窗子里面不谢的花看了一眼这两眼只间有何关联?

4.你怎样理解他倒是一个为人们修补了流去时间漏洞的人?

参考答案:

1.修得快;修得称心。(修得快这一特点在文中较明显;修得称心更能体现文章的主题,所以要认真体会,找出这一特点。)

2.鞋摊普通,修鞋工作平凡。文中还有老鞋匠背后窗台上的那些并不名贵的花,也是再普通不过的了。

3.花无冬有夏地开着,老鞋匠也是无冬历夏在补鞋,长年不谢的花是整日不闲地为人修补鞋子的老鞋匠的写照。

篇3:老厨师阅读理解及答案

阅读表达(共5小题;每小题3分,满分15分)

(1) The word addiction usually makes you think of alcohol or drugs,but in modern-day society we are seeing some new kinds of addictions. Some people are compulsive(难以自制的) shoppers. Others find it impossible to pull themselves away from their work. Still others spend countless hours watching TV or playing computer games.

(2) Over the years,shopping has become a very common activity. Many people enjoy going to stores more and more every day,but its more than a common hobby for some of them. They have turned into shopaholics. They are people who simple enjoy shopping and walking around spending money without being able to stop doing it. They are hooked on shopping and usually buy things that they dont need. Even though they dont have enough money,they buy everything they want.__(3) The question is,why do they have this addiction? There isnt a specific answer. Some people go shopping when they are sad,worried,upset or lonely,and they want to feel better. They use this activity as a way to forget their problems. Shopaholics say that they feel more important and better after they buy something. They also tend to have this addiction when they feel guilty.

(4) Shopaholism seems to be a harmless addiction,but it can__________________ . Some of them can be psychological. If this is the case,people addicted to shopping should go to a support group to help them break this habit. However,the process,like for most addictions,is long,and they suffer a lot. It can also cause financial problems. They just think about satisfying their feelings,so they spend money they dont have. They get deep in debt,and they can even go bankrupt and get sent to prison.

76. List three activities that might develop into addictions based on the text. (Please answer within 8 words.)

①____________________________________

②____________________________________

③____________________________________

77. Whats the main idea of Paragragh 3? (Please answer within 8 words)

____________________________________

____________________________________

78. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words. (Please answer within 6 words )

____________________________________

____________________________________

79. Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one?

Accordingly,these shopaholics should turn to a certain organization for help so that they can stop compulsive shopping.

____________________________________

____________________________________

80. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 into Chinese.

____________________________________

【答案解析】

76. 答案:drinking,taking drugs,shopping,playing computer games,working,

watching TV ( 答出其中三个即可,不根据原文回答者不给分)

解析:这是一道封闭式问题,考查考生对文段的理解能力和对语言的总结概括能力。

文章第一段阐述了当今社会中存在的种种沉迷、上瘾的现象。从文段中我们可以找出重要细节“... alcohol or drugs ... compulsive shoppers ... . impossible to pull ... from their work ... spend countless hours watching TV or playing computer games.”。其中的关键词可以依次对应: drinking,taking drugs,shopping,playing computer games,

working,watching。

77. 答案:The reason why some people /shopaholics have shopping addiction.

The possible reasons for shopaholism/shopping addition.

解析:这是一道段落主旨概括题,考查考生把握文段主题的能力和高度概括的能力。

确定主题句(Topic sentence)是获取段落主旨大意的一个有效方法。第三段的第一句“The question is,why do they have this addiction?”的表达具有概括性,结构简洁明了,本段中其它句子都是以此句为中心层层铺开的,它符合主题句的特点。所以本段的主旨是阐述购物成瘾的原因。

78. 答案:cause/bring about/result in many problems

解析:这是一道补全句子题,考查考生语篇衔接和综合归纳信息的能力。第四段位于本文最后,相对独立地阐述购物成瘾的危害。要补全的句子位于本段的首句,是本段的主题句。首句是一个由but连接的并列句,前后句呈转折关系。前半句Shopaholism seems to be a harmless addiction.说购物癖似乎无害,下半句应与其意义相反,强调购物癖的危害。下文涉及购物癖者会遇到精神和财政方面的问题和麻烦,都是对其危害的阐述。另外,本段中“Some of them can be psychological”和“It can also cause financial problems.”对补全的句子的结构进行了暗示。

79. 答案:If this is the case,people addicted to shopping should go to a support group to help them to break this habit.

解析:这是一道释义对照题,考查考生的综合理解能力和对英语句子释义的能力。

所给句子的意思是:因此,这些购物狂们应该向某个援助团体寻求帮助,以便能够停止这种难以自制的购物行为。在本文的第四段第三句与题中给出的句子意义相符。其中,If this is the case 对应 Accordingly;people addicted to shopping对应these shopaholics;a support group 对应 a certain organization for help;break this habit 对应 stop compulsive shopping。提取出关键实词的信息对应点是解答这道题的关键。

80. 答案:他们购物成瘾,而且通常买的都是用不着的东西。

篇4:老厨师阅读理解及答案

PASSAGE 33

Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.

Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question What will I do after graduation? A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.

A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to What will I do after graduation that will lead to successful career?

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) A tool to assist in making complex decisions.

(B) A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions

(C) Research on how people make decisions

(D) Differences between long-range and short-range decision making

2. The word essential in line 7 is closest in meaning to

(A) introductory

(B) changeable

(C) beneficial

(D) fundamental

3. The word pertinent in line 9 is closest in meaning to

(A) relevant

(B) preceding

(C) insightful

(D) responsive

4. Of the following steps, which occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet?

(A) Listing the consequences of each solution

(B) Calculating a numerical summary of each solution

(C) Deciding which consequences are most important

(D) Writing down all possible solutions

5. According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that

(A) has the fewest variables to consider

(B) uses the most decision worksheets

(C) has the most points assigned to it

(D) is agreed to by the greatest number of people

6. The author develops the discussion in paragraph 1 by means of

(A) describing a process

(B) classifying types of worksheets

(C) providing historical background

(D) explaining a theory

7. The author states that On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at

once (lines 17-18) to explain that

(A) most decisions involve seven steps

(B) human mental capacity has limitations

(C) some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisions

(D) people can learn to keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice

8. The word succinct in line 24 is closest in meaning to

(A) creative

(B) satisfactory

(C) personal

(D) concise

9. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?

(A) Proponents (line 5)

(B) Optimal (line 5)

(C) Variables (line 17)

(D) Long-range goals (line 25)

10. The word it in line 24 refers to

(A) worksheet

(B) problem

(C) distinction

(D) decision

11. The word revise in line 26 is closest in meaning to

(A) ask

(B) explain

(C) change

(D) predict

PASSAGE 33 ADADC ABDBB C

托福阅读怎么抓住定位词

首先介绍一下,什么是定位词?

其实很简单,打个比方,你和朋友约好了去酒吧,朋友和你说酒吧在沈阳新东方正对面,这个酒吧你是不知道地点的,也就是你的目的地;而新东方却很熟知,那么你只需找到新东方便可以找到酒吧了。在这里新东方是已知的,就是用来定位的词汇,而酒吧则是你的目的所在,也便是你要找的答案。

定位词的称呼有很多,如关键词,主旨词,功能词,中心词等等。这些只是个名称罢了,含义都是一致的:一个可以根据题干回原文定位,并能够找到出处的词,这个题干中的词就是定位词 or key word。

定位词有什么样的特征?

定位词总体特征:不可变性和细节性

不可变性:定位词是用来定位的,所以必须找那些回原文依然不变的词汇,才有意义。通常不用动词和副词来定位。通常是名词或充当定语的形容词。

细节性:不要找大概念的词汇,更不要拿代表全文主旨的词汇来定位。换句话说不要找那些原文一大堆的词汇,无法定位。

如, 95年英国剑桥委员会British Council给出的唯一样题文章的题目是:The Spectacular Eruption of Mount St.Helens

下面有一道选择题是“ According to the text the eruption of Mount St.Helens and other volcanoes has influenced our climate by…”

拿这道题为例,如果大家把Mount St.Helens 作为关键词回原文进行定位,那你会郁闷致死,全文主要讲的就是圣海伦斯火山的喷发,原文有N多个Mount St.Helens,所以即使这个词属于大写的专有名词,但他违背了细节性,是概括性的词汇,也不能作为定位词来寻找答案。

究竟哪些词在阅读当中充当定位词?

以下是定位词的分类:

1.特殊词汇

在阅读中有一些词张的比较特殊,这种词很容易被记住,也很容易回原文定位。

好比,在大街上上看到一个人光着身子跑步-------特殊难看

一个人的个子超高,像姚明一样------特殊长

一个人身上穿着10多种颜色的衣服,而且不停的摇头-----特殊怪

特殊怪,特殊长,特殊难

这三种词就是特殊词的所有特征,在文中看到这样的词,一定要警惕。如,

Sequoia 美洲杉 ---特殊怪,很好定位,也经常作为考点。

sodium 【化学】钠---特殊难,大家只要知道是一种化学元素足矣。

Simultaneous 同时的---特殊长,这种词本身的特点决定应作为定位词。

2.数字:通常指时间,金钱和百分比。

有一个道题目是这样问的:

“What are the dates of the TWO major eruptions before 1980?”

那么像1980 3185$ 69%这些词因为长相原因,段落全是英文,突然跑出来几个数字,十分显眼,也就很好回原文找到他们。

3.专有名词:斜体字,大写人名,地名,大写的专有名词,这一点大家都很熟悉,不用多说。

4.特殊符号:

在特殊符号里或者旁边的词,最好通过符号回原文进行定位,如“paper conversation”,(three cubic miles) 这些词本身并没有什么特别,但放在符号里面,就可以根据符号回原文进行寻找。

总之,在国外考试的阅读中,无论是阅读文章,还是回答后面的10几道题目,定位词的寻找,都是一种有效的应试策略,更是学术文章的阅读的重要方法。

托福阅读不同题型的方法和技巧

一、单词题目

平时注意单词量的积累,力求达到可以随时随地记忆单词的境界。其实我们在记忆单词的时候也可以适当地使用一些策略,那就是在我们可以把自己的侧重点放在动词和形容词的记忆上。考试过后,你就会发现这个策略的事半功倍了。此外,对于自己不认识的单词,我们应该主动回原文找同义词,或找相关的提示信息。

二、找代词指代对象的题目

在考试中,它们主要会以如下两种形式出现。

(1)it、one、their、its、that类,这种题目主要是考查我们对于并列关系的掌握,这时,我们应该主动去看这个词所在的那整句话,从已知话中找到处于相同地位的词。

(2)考查由that、which涉及到的定语从句类,我们在面对这种题目时,应该有意识的在选项中找从句中谓语动词的发起者或接受者,因为只有这样才可以迈出通向胜利的第一步。

三、考查文章内容的题目

在历次的托福考试中,也存在着两大主要题型,即:文章细节考查题和文章结构考查题。

1、文章细节考查题

解答文章细节考查题,我们一般都可以回到原文中去做定位,找到相近或相似的内容,进而得出答案。

常见的定位有以下3种:

(1)题目本身给出定位。

(2)至少先可作出一个段落的定位。

(3)位置多夹于前后两题位置之间。

2、文章结构考查题

一定要注意:

(1)千万不要根据你读的信息去作推理。

(2)不要把文章从头到尾当成一个整体,尽可能各段独立。

(3)根据经验,在考试中,整篇文章的最后一句出题较多,所以应该仔细阅读这个重要的句子。

以上是针对托福考试阅读部分的常见题型做出的一些有关于考试解题方法与技巧的分项介绍。

在整个的阅读考试中,我们还应该了解到:

(1)在这个特殊的考试时间段内,我们的记忆比理解更为重要,在解题的时候一定要完全忠实于原文,切忌私自做出任何的主观臆断。

(2)在做题步骤方面,我们可以先简读原文(主要是各个段落的第一,二句话),而后阅读题目,最后观察选项做出判断。值得我们特别注意的是,我们在做出判断的时候,切忌不要选择在选项中存在比较,而在原文中没有明确表示过的项目;切忌不要去选择那些说法过于绝对化的选项。

篇5:老厨师阅读理解及答案

The first flying vertebrates were true reptiles in which one of the fingers of the front limbs became very elongated, providing support for a flap of stretched skin that served as a wing. These were the pterosaurs, literally the “winged lizards.” The earliest pterosaurs arose near the end of the Triassic period of the Mesozoic Era, some 70 million years before the first known fossils of true birds occur, and they presumably dominated the skies until they were eventually displaced by birds. Like the dinosaurs, some the pterosaurs became gigantic; the largest fossil discovered is of an individual that had a wingspan of 50 feet or more, larger than many airplanes. These flying reptiles had large, tooth-filled jaws, but their bodies were small and probably without the necessary powerful muscles for sustained wing movement. They must have been expert gliders, not skillful fliers, relying on wind power for their locomotion.

Birds, despite sharing common reptilian ancestors with pterosaurs, evolved quite separately and have been much more successful in their dominance of the air. They are an example of a common theme in evolution, the more or less parallel development of different types of body structure and function for the same reason — in this case, for flight. Although the fossil record, as always, is not complete enough to determine definitively the evolutionary lineage of the birds or in as much detail as one would like, it is better in this case than for many other animal groups. That is because of the unusual preservation in a limestone quarry in southern Germany of Archaeopteryx, a fossil that many have called the link between dinosaurs and birds. Indeed, had it not been for the superb preservation of these fossils, they might well have been classified as dinosaurs. They have the skull and teeth of a reptile as well as a bony tail, but in the line-grained limestone in which these fossils occur there are delicate impressions of feathers and fine details of bone structure that make it clear that Archaeopteryx was a bird. All birds living today, from the great condors of the Andes to the tiniest wrens, trace their origin back to the Mesozoic dinosaurs.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Characteristics of pterosaur wings

(B) The discovery of fossil remains of Archaeopteryx

(C) Reasons for the extinction of early flying vertebrates

(D) The development of flight in reptiles and birds

2. Which of the following is true of early reptile wings?

(A) They evolved from strong limb muscles.

(B) They consisted of an extension of skin.

(C) They connected the front and back limbs.

(D) They required fingers of equal length.

3. The word “literally” in line 3 is closest in meaning to

(A) creating

(B) meaning

(C) related to

(D) simplified

4. It can be inferred from the passage that birds were probably dominant in the skies

(A) in the early Triassic period

(B) before the appearance of pterosaurs

(C) after the decline of pterosaurs

(D) before dinosaurs could be found on land.

5. The author mentions airplanes in line 8 in order to

(A) illustrate the size of wingspans in some pterosaurs

(B) compare the energy needs of dinosaurs with those of modern machines

(C) demonstrate the differences between mechanized flight and animal flight

(D) establish the practical applications of the study of fossils

6. The word “They” in line 10 refers to

(A) powerful muscles

(B) bodies

(C) jaws

(D) flying reptiles

7. According to the passage , pterosaurs were probably “not skillful fliers” (lines 10-11) because

(A) of their limited wingspan

(B) of their disproportionately large bodies

(C) they lacked muscles needed for extended flight

(D) climate conditions of the time provided insufficient wind power

8. In paragraph 2, the author discusses the development of flight in birds as resulting from

(A) a similarity in body structure to pterosaurs

(B) an evolution from pterosaurs

(C) the dominance of birds and pterosaurs over land animals

(D) a separate but parallel development process to that of pterosaurs

9. The word “classified” in line 21 is closest in meaning to

(A) perfected

(B) replaced

(C) categorized

(D) protected

10. Which of the following helped researchers determine that Archaeopteryx was not a dinosaur?

(A) Its tail

(B) Its teeth

(C) The shape of its skull

(D) Details of its bone structure

11. What is the significance of the discovery that was made in southern Germany?

(A) It is thought to demonstrate that birds evolved from dinosaurs.

(B) It is proof that the climate and soils of Europe have changed over time.

(C) It suggests that dinosaurs were dominant in areas rich in limestone.

(D) It supports the theory that Archaeopteryx was apowerful dinosaur.

正确答案:DBBCA DCDCDA

托福阅读的实用技巧整理

首先,无论什么技巧都必须要有基本的单词量做基础。没人喜欢背单词,但是只有有足够的单词量才能应对托福阅读中的各种层出不穷的问题。用的是谁的单词书其实没有多大分别,你只要认认真真的把一本单词书背个70%,那也就差不多了,托福阅读的主要考察对象不是单词,只是透过单词来表达一种意思,只要你能猜出来这种意思并且在这个基础上把题答对,那么,对少单词都不是问题。

其次,对于难句长句的理解。还是要明白大意就好,但是要能够根据大意准确定位找到答案。大家可以专门找些难句和长句来进行有针对性的练习。把那些句子反复读,反复看,看上十几遍,觉得很通顺、觉得句子写得很好自己以后也要这么写了才算好。速度慢不是问题,但是坚持下来,大家对难句和长句的理解能力就好冥想提高。

再次,大家在专门练习托福阅读题的时候,还是多看看OG,OG是非常有指向性的,而且那上面说的一些小技巧还是不错的。Delta上的题目要难一些,主要是有一些题目需要考生进行引申、做一些文学上的理解,当然这些在托福中是不会出现的。所以做题的时候不要想得太复杂,第一感觉是什么就选什么,很有效。

托福阅读词汇的积累练习

mores 风俗,习惯

submit 屈从;提交;主张,认为

backfire 产生反效果;逆火

speculate 推测;思索;投机(venture)

wield 行使(权利);挥舞(宝剑)

recreation 再创造; 消遣,娱乐

peer 同等人,同辈人;凝视

project 预测;凸出;投掷,发射;计划

mitigate减轻,缓和

negate 否认

familial 家庭的

vain 无用的,虚荣的

vein 面纱; 掩饰

bound n. 范围 v. 跳跃;以…为界;bind的过去式和过去分词

be bound to do 必定,一定

rationale 基本原理,论据

launch 开始,发动;发射

supplant = in place of 代替

retain 保留

status quo 现状

downplay 低估,贬低

radical 词根,激进分子; 根本的;激进的

conviction 信念;定罪

credit 功劳,声望,信任

appeal to 求助于

gloss 掩饰;使有光泽

explain away 搪塞,把…解释过去

complementary 补充的

complimentary 称赞的,问候的

indefensible 站不住脚的

misgiving 疑虑

dissent 异议,不同意

dispense with 免除

exempt 免除

shun 避开

identity 身份,本体; 同一性,完全相同;特性

sustain 维持; 遭受; 忍耐

contend 主张,声称;争论 (n. contention)

object n. 物体 v.反对 (objection n.反对)

objective n. 目标; adj.客观的

dispose 处理,处置;安排,使用

except that 只是,只可惜;除了

fanciful 幻想的,想象中的

apprehend 领会,理解; 逮捕; 忧虑

whereupon 于是,因此

administer 实施;给与;服用(药);管理

formulate 明确地表达

champion v. 拥护; n. 冠军

posit 断定,假定

advance 使前进,推进; 促进,加速; 提出,倡导

primacy n. 首位,首要 (adj. primary)

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