老托福阅读试题及答案：PASSAGE

老托福阅读试题及答案：PASSAGE（共4篇）

篇1：老托福阅读试题及答案：PASSAGE

老托福阅读100篇passage 33试题及答案

PASSAGE 33

Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.

Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question What will I do after graduation? A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.

A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to What will I do after graduation that will lead to successful career?

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) A tool to assist in making complex decisions.

(B) A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions

(C) Research on how people make decisions

(D) Differences between long-range and short-range decision making

2. The word essential in line 7 is closest in meaning to

(A) introductory

(B) changeable

(C) beneficial

(D) fundamental

3. The word pertinent in line 9 is closest in meaning to

(A) relevant

(B) preceding

(C) insightful

(D) responsive

4. Of the following steps, which occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet?

(A) Listing the consequences of each solution

(B) Calculating a numerical summary of each solution

(C) Deciding which consequences are most important

(D) Writing down all possible solutions

5. According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that

(A) has the fewest variables to consider

(B) uses the most decision worksheets

(C) has the most points assigned to it

(D) is agreed to by the greatest number of people

6. The author develops the discussion in paragraph 1 by means of

(A) describing a process

(B) classifying types of worksheets

(C) providing historical background

(D) explaining a theory

7. The author states that On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at

once (lines 17-18) to explain that

(A) most decisions involve seven steps

(B) human mental capacity has limitations

(C) some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisions

(D) people can learn to keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice

8. The word succinct in line 24 is closest in meaning to

(A) creative

(B) satisfactory

(C) personal

(D) concise

9. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?

(A) Proponents (line 5)

(B) Optimal (line 5)

(C) Variables (line 17)

(D) Long-range goals (line 25)

10. The word it in line 24 refers to

(A) worksheet

(B) problem

(C) distinction

(D) decision

11. The word revise in line 26 is closest in meaning to

(A) ask

(B) explain

(C) change

(D) predict

PASSAGE 33 ADADC ABDBB C

托福阅读怎么抓住定位词

首先介绍一下，什么是定位词?

其实很简单，打个比方，你和朋友约好了去酒吧，朋友和你说酒吧在沈阳新东方正对面，这个酒吧你是不知道地点的，也就是你的目的地;而新东方却很熟知，那么你只需找到新东方便可以找到酒吧了。在这里新东方是已知的，就是用来定位的词汇，而酒吧则是你的目的所在，也便是你要找的答案。

定位词的称呼有很多，如关键词，主旨词，功能词，中心词等等。这些只是个名称罢了，含义都是一致的：一个可以根据题干回原文定位，并能够找到出处的词，这个题干中的词就是定位词 or key word。

定位词有什么样的特征?

定位词总体特征：不可变性和细节性

不可变性：定位词是用来定位的，所以必须找那些回原文依然不变的词汇，才有意义。通常不用动词和副词来定位。通常是名词或充当定语的形容词。

细节性：不要找大概念的词汇，更不要拿代表全文主旨的词汇来定位。换句话说不要找那些原文一大堆的词汇，无法定位。

如， 95年英国剑桥委员会British Council给出的唯一样题文章的题目是:The Spectacular Eruption of Mount St.Helens

下面有一道选择题是“ According to the text the eruption of Mount St.Helens and other volcanoes has influenced our climate by…”

拿这道题为例，如果大家把Mount St.Helens 作为关键词回原文进行定位，那你会郁闷致死，全文主要讲的就是圣海伦斯火山的喷发，原文有N多个Mount St.Helens，所以即使这个词属于大写的专有名词，但他违背了细节性，是概括性的词汇，也不能作为定位词来寻找答案。

究竟哪些词在阅读当中充当定位词?

以下是定位词的分类：

1.特殊词汇

在阅读中有一些词张的比较特殊，这种词很容易被记住，也很容易回原文定位。

好比，在大街上上看到一个人光着身子跑步-------特殊难看

一个人的个子超高，像姚明一样------特殊长

一个人身上穿着10多种颜色的衣服，而且不停的摇头-----特殊怪

特殊怪，特殊长，特殊难

这三种词就是特殊词的所有特征，在文中看到这样的词，一定要警惕。如，

Sequoia 美洲杉 ---特殊怪，很好定位，也经常作为考点。

sodium 【化学】钠---特殊难，大家只要知道是一种化学元素足矣。

Simultaneous 同时的---特殊长，这种词本身的特点决定应作为定位词。

2.数字：通常指时间，金钱和百分比。

有一个道题目是这样问的：

“What are the dates of the TWO major eruptions before 1980?”

那么像1980 3185$ 69%这些词因为长相原因，段落全是英文，突然跑出来几个数字，十分显眼，也就很好回原文找到他们。

3.专有名词：斜体字，大写人名,地名，大写的专有名词，这一点大家都很熟悉，不用多说。

4.特殊符号：

在特殊符号里或者旁边的词，最好通过符号回原文进行定位，如“paper conversation”，(three cubic miles) 这些词本身并没有什么特别，但放在符号里面，就可以根据符号回原文进行寻找。

总之，在国外考试的阅读中，无论是阅读文章，还是回答后面的10几道题目，定位词的寻找，都是一种有效的应试策略，更是学术文章的阅读的重要方法。

托福阅读不同题型的方法和技巧

一、单词题目

平时注意单词量的积累，力求达到可以随时随地记忆单词的境界。其实我们在记忆单词的时候也可以适当地使用一些策略，那就是在我们可以把自己的侧重点放在动词和形容词的记忆上。考试过后，你就会发现这个策略的事半功倍了。此外，对于自己不认识的单词，我们应该主动回原文找同义词，或找相关的提示信息。

二、找代词指代对象的题目

在考试中，它们主要会以如下两种形式出现。

(1)it、one、their、its、that类，这种题目主要是考查我们对于并列关系的掌握，这时，我们应该主动去看这个词所在的那整句话，从已知话中找到处于相同地位的词。

(2)考查由that、which涉及到的定语从句类，我们在面对这种题目时，应该有意识的在选项中找从句中谓语动词的发起者或接受者，因为只有这样才可以迈出通向胜利的第一步。

三、考查文章内容的题目

在历次的托福考试中，也存在着两大主要题型，即：文章细节考查题和文章结构考查题。

1、文章细节考查题

解答文章细节考查题，我们一般都可以回到原文中去做定位，找到相近或相似的内容，进而得出答案。

常见的定位有以下3种：

(1)题目本身给出定位。

(2)至少先可作出一个段落的定位。

(3)位置多夹于前后两题位置之间。

2、文章结构考查题

一定要注意：

(1)千万不要根据你读的信息去作推理。

(2)不要把文章从头到尾当成一个整体，尽可能各段独立。

(3)根据经验，在考试中，整篇文章的最后一句出题较多，所以应该仔细阅读这个重要的句子。

以上是针对托福考试阅读部分的常见题型做出的一些有关于考试解题方法与技巧的分项介绍。

在整个的阅读考试中，我们还应该了解到：

(1)在这个特殊的考试时间段内，我们的记忆比理解更为重要，在解题的时候一定要完全忠实于原文，切忌私自做出任何的主观臆断。

(2)在做题步骤方面，我们可以先简读原文(主要是各个段落的第一，二句话)，而后阅读题目，最后观察选项做出判断。值得我们特别注意的是，我们在做出判断的时候，切忌不要选择在选项中存在比较，而在原文中没有明确表示过的项目;切忌不要去选择那些说法过于绝对化的选项。

老托福阅读100篇passage 33试题及答案

篇2：老托福阅读试题及答案：PASSAGE

The mineral particles found in soil range in size from microscopic clay particles to large boulders. The most abundant particles — sand, silt, and clay — are the focus of examination in studies of soil texture. Texture is the term used to describe the composite sizes of particles in a soil sample, typically several representative handfuls.

To measure soil texture, the sand, silt, and clay particles are sorted out by size and weight. The weights of each size are then expressed as a percentage of the sample weight. In the field, soil texture can be estimated by extracting a handful of soil and squeezing the damp soil into three basic shapes; (1) cast, a lump formed by squeezing a sample in a clenched fist; (2) thread, a pencil shape formed by rolling soil between the palms; and (3) ribbon, a flatfish shape formed by squeezing a small sample between the thumb and index finger. The behavioral characteristics of the soil when molded into each of these shapes, if they can be formed at all, provide the basis for a general textural classification. The behavior of the soil in the hand test is determined by the amount of clay in the sample. Clay particles are highly cohesive, and when dampened, behave as a plastic. Therefore the higher the clay content in a sample, the more refined and durable the shapes into which it can be molded.

Another method of determining soil texture involves the use of devices called sediment sieves, screens built with a specified mesh size. When the soil is filtered through a group of sieves, each with a different mesh size, the particles become grouped in corresponding size categories. Each category can be weighed to make a textural determination. Although sieves work well for silt, sand, and larger particles, they are not appropriate for clay particles. Clay is far too small to sieve accurately; therefore, in soils with a high proportion of clay, the fine particles are measured on the basis of their settling velocity when suspended in water. Since clays settle so slowly, they are easily segregated from sand and silt. The water can be drawn off and evaporated, leaving a residue of clay, which can be weighed.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Characteristics of high quality soil

(B) Particles typically found in most soils

(C) How a high clay content affects the texture of soil

(D) Ways to determine the texture of soil

2. The author mentions “several representative handfuls” in line 4 in order to show

(A) the range of soil samples

(B) the process by which soil is weighed

(C) the requirements for an adequate soil sample

(D) how small soil particles are weighted

3. The phrase “sorted out” in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) mixed

(B) replaced

(C) carried

(D) separated

4. It can be inferred that the names of the three basic shapes mentioned in paragraph 2 reflect

(A) the way the soil is extracted

(B) the results of squeezing the soil

(C) the need to check more than one handful

(D) the difficulty of forming different shapes

5. The word “dampened” in line 14 is closest in meaning to

(A) damaged

(B) stretched

(C) moistened

(D) examined

6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about a soil sample with little or no clay in it?

(A) It is not very heavy.

(B) It may not hold its shape when molded.

(C) Its shape is durable

(D) Its texture cannot be classified

7. The word “they” in line 21 refers to

(A) categories

(B) sieves

(C) larger particles

(D) clay particles

8. It can be inferred from the passage that the sediment sieve has an advantage over the hand test in determining soil texture because

(A) using the sieve takes less time

(B) the sieve can measure clay

(C) less training is required to use the sieve

(D) the sieve allows for a more exact measure

9. During the procedure described in paragraph 3, when clay particles are placed into water they

(A) stick to the sides of the water container

(B) take some time to sink to the bottom

(C) separate into different sizes

(D) dissolve quickly

10. The word “fine” in line 24 is closest in meaning to

(A) tiny

(B) many

(C) excellent

(D) various

11. All of the following words are defined in the passage EXCEPT

(A) texture (line 3)

(B) ribbon (line 10)

(C) sediment sieves (line 18)

(D) evaporated (line 25)

正确答案：DADBC BBDBA D

托福阅读怎么练?

有些考生则喜欢把文章一字不漏地细读之后再做题。这种方法仅适合于两种情况，其一，考生已具备相当的阅读水平，长期以来运用这种方法效果甚佳;其二，某一篇具体的文章是考生所熟悉的内容，细读文章并不会花太多的时间。一般来说，大部分考生采用细读文章方法，做题时间严重不足。考生不应该忘记，阅读理解测试速度和理解两个方面。

在做词汇题时，许多考生认为做不对题与自己的词汇量有关，认识单词能做对，不认识单词就会做错。事实上，那些认识的单词经常做错，不认识的单词反而能做对。原因是，做不认识单词时，考生会仔细研读词汇题的上下文，力求在上下文中突破。而做认识单词时，忽略上下文的重要性，往往是看一下上下文，便匆匆做出抉择。所以，做好词汇题关键在于透彻分析词汇题上下文的句子，有时候，个别词汇题也许需要在文章其他段落寻找线索。

做阅读题首先要花两三分钟时间扫描每篇文章头一两个句子，定位文章难易程度。一般来说，5篇文章中有2篇难度大一些，比方说：如果最后一篇文章难度大，且12-14道题，在这种情况下，按部就班做题就有可能因时间不够而做错好几道题，带来巨大的损失。因此首先定位文章难程度，同时目测文章的含金量(即题量分布)，有助于科学分配阅读部分的做题时间。

托福文章均由数个自然段组成，正确的阅读文章的方法应该是把文章首句先吃透，文章首句经常为文章主题。然后把首段的其他句子尽快略读，文章其他段落采取同样的方法阅读。各段落其他句子一般来说都是用来说明各个段落的主题句，没有必要每个句子理解难度大，而不涉及考题，在此句停留无疑是白白浪费时间。所以，采取“结构扫描”法，意味着以最快捷的方式了解文章大意，从而正确引导下一步做具体的题，而不至于出现大方向的理解错误。

托福阅读考试中的题材整理

一、印第安题材

1.白令海峡移民理论

2.印第安文化

3.印第安宗教观

4.印第安建筑业：大、先进。

5.印第安手工业：好。

6.社会组织结构：严密、分工细、凝聚力强。

7.农业先进：A. irrigation; B. maize, squash, bean, pea。

二、动植物题材(必考)

1.植物学题材(不多见)

a. 地衣、苔 、真菌、蘑菇最常见。

b. 树冠上方生物。

c. 植物在生态平衡中的作用。

2.动物学题材(90%以上)

a. 考普通动物为多。最近常考鸟类、蚂蚁、动物智能与灭绝(联系天文学与冰河理论)。

b. 考动物进化(evolution)。

c. 考动物的分类(classification)。

phyla(单数phylum) —门 class—纲 order—目 family—科 genus—属 species—种 carnivore/predator—食肉动物 herbivore—食草动物 omnivore—杂食动物

d. 动物的生活习性最为多见。

j群居(social animal)动物的习性

a) 蚂蚁：社会组织结构—等级制(caste)：交流方式—信息素—气味;生活来源;外来物种的有害性。

b) 蜜蜂：群居个性; “8”字舞;蜜蜂智能;防御;天敌—大黄蜂。

c) 大猩猩：智能：猩际关系

k迁徙 (migration )

野鸭、大雁：日照长短;辨别方向。

l伪装 (camouflage)、花拟态(mimicry )

三、考古学(archaeology)题材

1.文化(cultural ) 考古学

形态(physical)考古学(多见)

2.化石(fossil )

j 化石构成。化石比原物更沉重 (矿物质环境)

k 化石形成原因。 坚硬物质，迅速掩埋。

l 化石与动物的进化关系。

3.人的左右手

j 使用工具。 证据：敲击的划痕;手柄的形状。

k 牙齿上的划痕。

l 大脑左右半球的大小差别;趾骨的粗细差别。

m 作画时人像的方向

4.古代陶瓷的考古。

Clay, model, wheel (转盘 )， glaze, kiln

5.古代文字的考古。

四、美国历史题材

1.美国发展线索

j 发现美洲阶段

哥伦布(意)，为黄金、茶叶、香料

West/East Indian

影响：世界观变化;国家形势变化;(爱尔兰——土豆饥荒 )

k 英国定居阶段(English settlement )

1607第一个定居点Captain John S来源：www.examda.commith影响清教徒

1620五月花号

l 殖民时期(colonial era )

m 独立战争(American Revolution )

n 新的国家(new nation)考试大-全国最大教育类网站(www.Examda。com)：南北不均衡

o 南北战争(Civil War )

p 战后重建。 持续近1。

q 西进运动 (Westward movement )

r 工业化大增长

s world war I & II

End ：1960

2.“大熔炉”：地理位置;民族融合1960’s;文化融合。

篇3：老托福阅读试题及答案：PASSAGE

Potash (the old name for potassium carbonate) is one of the two alkalis (the other being soda, sodium carbonate) that were used from remote antiquity in the making of glass, and from the early Middle Ages in the making of soap: the former being the product of heating a mixture of alkali and sand, the latter a product of alkali and vegetable oil. Their importance in the communities of colonial North America need hardly be stressed.

Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for glass- or soap-making either would do. Soda was obtained largely from the ashes of certain Mediterranean sea plants, potash from those of inland vegetation. Hence potash was more familiar to the early European settlers of the North American continent.

The settlement at Jamestown in Virginia was in many ways a microcosm of the economy of colonial North America, and potash was one of its first concerns. It was required for the glassworks, the first factory in the British colonies, and was produced in sufficient quantity to permit the inclusion of potash in the first cargo shipped out of Jamestown. The second ship to arrive in the settlement from England included among its passengers experts in potash making.

The method of making potash was simple enough. Logs was piled up and burned in the open, and the ashes collected. The ashes were placed in a barrel with holes in the bottom, and water was poured over them. The solution draining from the barrel was boiled down in iron kettles. The resulting mass was further heated to fuse the mass into what was called potash.

In North America, potash making quickly became an adjunct to the clearing of land for agriculture, for it was estimated that as much as half the cost of clearing land could be recovered by the sale of potash. Some potash was exported from Maine and New Hampshire in the seventeenth century, but the market turned out to be mainly domestic, consisting mostly of shipments from the northern to the southern colonies. For despite the beginning of the trade at Jamestown and such encouragements as a series of acts “to encourage the making of potash,” beginning in 1707 in South Carolina, the softwoods in the South proved to be poor sources of the substance.

1. What aspect of potash does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) How it was made

(B) Its value as a product for export

(C) How it differs from other alkalis

(D) Its importance in colonial North America

2. All of the following statements are true of both potash and soda EXPECT:

(A) They are alkalis.

(B) They are made from sea plants.

(C) They are used in making soap.

(D) They are used in making glass.

3. They phrase “the latter” in line 4 refers to

(A) alkali

(B) glass

(C) sand

(D) soap

4. The word “stressed” in line 6 is closest in meaning to

(A) defined

(B) emphasized

(C) adjusted

(D) mentioned

5. The word “interchangeable” in line 7 is closest in meaning to

(A) convenient

(B) identifiable

(C) equivalent

(D) advantageous

6. It can be inferred from the passage that potash was more common than soda in colonial North America because

(A) the materials needed for making soda were not readily available

(B) making potash required less time than making soda

(C) potash was better than soda for making glass and soap

(D) the colonial glassworks found soda more difficult to use

7. According to paragraph 4, all of the following were needed for making potash EXCEPT

(A) wood

(B) fire

(C) sand

(D) water

8. The word “adjunct” in line 22 is closest in meaning to

(A) addition

(B) answer

(C) problem

(D) possibility

9. According to the passage , a major benefit of making potash was that

(A) it could be exported to Europe in exchange for other goods

(B) it helped finance the creation of farms

(C) it could be made with a variety of materials

(D) stimulated the development of new ways of glassmaking

10. According to paragraph 5, the softwoods in the South posed which of the following problems for southern settles?

(A) The softwoods were not very plentiful.

(B) The softwoods could not be used to build houses.

(C) The softwoods were not very marketable.

(D) The softwoods were not very useful for making potash.

正确答案： DBDBC ACABD

托福阅读的满分训练方法

1.词汇

从某种意义上来讲，词汇量的大小是TOEFL阅读理解高分的基础和关键。如果词汇量没有达到基本要求(五千以上)，纵然你有“葵花宝典”在手，也只能命丧ETS的“毒招”之下。所以，以牺牲词汇量为代价的技巧练习简直是一味巨毒无比。

2.通过练习使学生养成高效的阅读方法——即所谓的阅读技巧

TOEFL的阅读量非常大，一般的中国考生根本无法把文章全部读完，所谓的“扫读法”、“跳读法”和“略读法”也只能适用于少数类型的文章，根本不能解决本质问题。那么，文章到底应该怎么读法呢?一句话，主动地阅读文章的关键部位。所谓主动是指不能象一般的阅读那样完全被动地接受信息，而应该不断的进行思考和预测;所谓关键部位，主要是每一段的开头和结尾部分。由于TOEFL的阅读理解文章全部选自于正式出版物，文章的逻辑结构非常完整和严谨，而且出现的逻辑模式也是屈指可数。经过系统的训练，考生的预测可以做到非常准确的程度。这样，通过阅读文章的几处关键部位，就能很快地把握整个文章的结构和内在的逻辑关系，也就解决了问题的70%.

3.解题训练

排除法恐怕是一直以来大多数学生在解阅读理题目时使用最多的方法。事实上，这种方法具有致命的缺点：干扰大、费时间。更有效和迅速的办法是读完题干之后，就在脑子反映出一个模糊的或者是不完整的答案，然后直接在选项中寻找接近的答案进行判断。这种能力必须在平时的训练和讲解中逐渐养成和加强，决非什么技巧之类的东西可以替代。

除了上述三方面的训练之外，如果能够对一些基本的背景知识加以补充的话，更能确保阅读理解的准确率和速度。

怎么提高阅读理解分数?

所以对于这部分考生，大家备考时就要特别注意托福阅读的题型以及主题的练习，这样才能_你的托福阅读考试总是低分的尴尬，下面小编就带大家一起来认识一下托福阅读的题型及主题，希望对大家有帮助。

1、题型——注重解题方法

托福阅读10种题型，除最后的小结题外大都属于考查文章细节的题目。根据题干中的关键词定位是至关重要的一步，然后就是理解。此时如果词汇量太小怎么办?事实上做阅读我们永远要牢记的就是找句子主干，考查的信息基本都在主干中体现了，

比如：The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone [in 1832], hunted to extermination in order to protect the crops.

这个句子较长，其中有which引导的定语从句，还有hunted… 这个状语，而解题时我们只需要句子的主干The deer were gone。多数同学在做题时有个习惯就是看到一句话后就开始逐词阅读，甚至试图把它翻译成中文，这可谓“兵家大忌”。

遇到一句话先抓主干，遇到整段记得扫描段落有无显眼的连词，举例信号词等，浏览每段的主题句。

再说一下小结题，大多数考生的切肤之痛。一是做到最后一题时时间已所剩无几，二是最后一题是对全文的主要内容的总结，相对复杂。

在课堂中，我一再向学生强调把握全文结构及大意的重要性，而如何去把握?

一是做题之前可大概浏览文章的标题及每段首句。作为学术性的阅读文章，首句基本都是主题句。尤其是总分结构的文章，比如练习题6中的Infantile Amnesia, 虽然文章较难理解，但是文中明确提出了三种观点first，second，third… 那么此类文章小结题的选项太显而易见了。再者，文章的每段会对应出2-3道题，那么题目中对应的部分基本都是段落的核心所在。从这两点就可以很快了解文章的主要内容。所以在进行练习题练习时，做题虽不可或缺，但还要注意多加练习快速阅读文章的能力。

2、主题——增加背景知识

有部分学生反映做阅读时很难投入进去，有一点原因就是对于文章所述内容太过陌生，如果你对其略知一二，相信定会有所不同。比如练习题中有篇文章讲到化学元素周期表，对于高中生来说再熟悉不过了，阅读的时候半读半猜，估计也可以理解的八九不离十了。

若考试准备时间充足，可以多加涉猎，扩充自己的知识背景;若时间紧张，则需搞定练习题套题。根据文章记忆单词，并不是文章中出现的每一个“陌生的面孔”都要去熟悉，比如一些繁琐的专有名词跳过即可。主要记忆的当然是一些动词、名词及形容词，尤其是出现在句子主干中，与解题有关的词汇。

除了词汇，应学会分析题干及题目，比如题干中出现了effect，conclusion之类的词，其实已经界定了我们寻找的范围——段落靠后的部分，还有就是观点性和总结性的句子永远会是考察的重点所在。做题的时候学会分析原文和选项，进行对比，比如句子简化题，做一题需要看五个长句，似乎很花费时间，但并不需要每个句子都要细看，而是先明确原句的逻辑及主干，抓住选项中的关键点与原句进行比较。

例如：As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting, the Strait of Gibraltar, where the Mediterranean now connects to the Atlantic, opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean.A. The strait of Gibraltar reopened when the Mediterranean and the Atlantic became connected and the cascades of water from one sea to the other caused crustal adjustments and faulting.B. The Mediterranean was dramatically refilled by water from the Atlantic when crustal adjustments and faulting opened the Strait of Gibraltar, the place where the two seas are joined.C. The cascades of water from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean were not as spectacular as the crustal adjustments and faulting that occurred when the Strait of Gibraltar was connected to those seas.D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faultin;g and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar, the Atlantic and Mediterranean were connected and became a single sea with spectacular cascades of water between them.

原句是因果逻辑的句子，先找出其因： crustal adjustments and faulting，果：the Strait opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean.接着来看选项：A…. caused crustal adjustments and faulting 显然是因果倒置了，毫不犹豫地灭掉;C. 因为此选项中出现比较not as spectacular as, 非常惹眼的一个核心词，而原文中是修饰动词的副词spectacularly，并未进行比较，二话不说也排除掉;D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar,… 这原因里怎么多出来一项啊，掳袖子撵人吧!

管中窥豹，可见一斑。由此例可见找关键，作分析可帮助我们快速并且准确的找出选项。值得注意的一点是：无论解题方法多么巧妙，离开了大量的练习就是“无本之源”。

如何备考托福阅读?

一、托福阅读答题顺序错误

顺序影响速度，进而影响考试得分。

考生在托福阅读答题时究竟是先看文章还是先读题，就跟“先有鸡还是先有蛋”的问题一样难解，若你还没有找到一个较合理的做题顺序，不妨按照下面的流程来：

先看题，再看每道题目标示出的其对应的段落，并在该段中进行考点定位，阅读，最终选出答案。这样比较容易取得托福阅读高分。

二、托福阅读答题思路错误

常听学生说“这道题做错是因为我当时想多了”。托福阅读的选项之间意思很贴近。而托福阅读基本是在考paraphrase(释义)。

那么在做题的时候一定要注意：答案都是在文中能直接找的到的，不要去做任何推断，哪怕是所谓的推断题。

三、托福阅读答题技巧运用不熟练

首先，我们做题时要时刻保持主动性。这里的主动是指在读文章的时候应主动思考并预判下文以及出题点。并且这招也是很多高分学员分享的经验。那么，“采取主动预判的做题方式，能够帮助你更快的完成题目”这就是一种做题技巧。

不过，知道了技巧和会运用可是两码事。如何熟练的运用?要做系统的训练：托福阅读的每篇文章的逻辑结构都是很严谨的，并且这种严谨的逻辑模式也是屈指可数。

四、阅读核心基本功-单词量不够

很多25/26分的学生刷了数次托福阅读依旧没有满分，分析原因发现他们有一个共性，那就是单词背的不扎实。单词不过关，很容易对题目和文章内容的理解产生偏差。因为你只有看懂了，才会明白题意，才知道如何答题。不以词汇量为基础的所有做题技巧都是不可靠的。所以还是得踏踏实实背单词!

篇4：老托福阅读试题及答案：PASSAGE

In seventeenth-century colonial North America, all day-to-day cooking was done in the fireplace. Generally large, fireplaces were planned for cooking as well as for warmth. Those in the Northeast were usually four or five feet high, and in the South, they were often high enough for a person to walk into. A heavy timber called the mantel tree was used as a lintel to support the stonework above the fireplace opening. This timber might be scorched occasionally, but it was far enough in front of the rising column of heat to be safe from catching fire.

Two ledges were built across from each other on the inside of the chimney. On these rested the ends of a “lug pole” from which pots were suspended when cooking. Wood from a freshly cut tree was used for the lug pole, so it would resist heat, but it had to be replaced frequently because it dried out and charred, and was thus weakened. Sometimes the pole broke and the dinner fell into the fire. When iron became easier to obtain, it was used instead of wood for lug poles, and later fireplaces had pivoting metal rods to hang pots from.

Beside the fireplace and built as part of it was the oven. It was made like a small, secondary fireplace with a flue leading into the main chimney to draw out smoke. Sometimes the door of the oven faced the room, but most ovens were built with the opening facing into the fireplace. On baking days (usually once or twice a week) a roaring fire of “oven wood,” consisting of brown maple sticks, was maintained in the oven until its walls were extremely hot. The embers were later removed, bread dough was put into the oven, and the oven was sealed shut until the bread was fully baked.

Not all baking was done in a big oven, however. Also used was an iron “bake kettle,” which looked like a stewpot on legs and which had an iron lid. This is said to have worked well when it was placed in the fireplace, surrounded by glowing wood embers, with more embers piled on its lid.

老托福阅读题目 passage20

1. Which of the following aspects of domestic life in colonial North America does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) methods of baking bread

(B) fireplace cooking

(C) the use of iron kettles in a typical kitchen

(D) the types of wood used in preparing meals

2. The author mentions the fireplaces built in the South to illustrate

(A) how the materials used were similar to the materials used in northeastern fireplaces

(B) that they served diverse functions

(C) that they were usually larger than northeastern fireplaces

(D) how they were safer than northeastern fireplaces

3. The word “scorched” in line 6 is closest in meaning to

(A) burned

(B) cut

(C) enlarged

(D) bent

4. The word “it” in line 6 refers to

(A) the stonework

(B) the fireplace opening

(C) the mantel tree

(D) the rising column of heat

5. According to the passage , how was food usually cooked in a pot in the seventeenth century?

(A) By placing the pot directly into the fire

(B) By putting the pot in the oven

(C) By filling the pot with hot water

(D) By hanging the pot on a pole over the fire

6. The word “obtain” in line 12 is closest in meaning to

(A) maintain

(B) reinforce

(C) manufacture

(D) acquire

7. Which of the following is mentioned in paragraph 2 as a disadvantage of using a wooden lug pole?

(A) It was made of wood not readily available.

(B) It was difficult to move or rotate.

(C) It occasionally broke.

(D) It became too hot to touch.

8. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that, compared to other firewood, “oven wood” produced

(A) less smoke

(B) more heat

(C) fewer embers

(D) lower flames

9. According to paragraph 3, all of the following were true of a colonial oven EXCEPT:

(A) It was used to heat the kitchen every day.

(B) It was built as part of the main fireplace.

(C) The smoke it generated went out through the main chimney.

(D) It was heated with maple sticks.

10. According to the passage , which of the following was an advantage of a “bake kettle”?

(A) It did not take up a lot of space in the fireplace.

(B) It did not need to be tightly closed.

(C) It could be used in addition to or instead of the oven.

(D) It could be used to cook several foods at one time.

老托福阅读答案 passage20

BCACD DCBAA

新托福阅读真题训练技巧

福阅读要高分策略相比口语写作而言相对简单，但是也是一大挑战。下面，天道小编就来和大家谈谈要拿到托福阅读高分策略28+都有哪些需要了解的呢?

托福阅读高分策略

想得28分以上，一般就是错3个左右，也就是不含加试一篇一个。给自己的要求：不能错词汇题以外的任何题

托福阅读时间：

15分钟一篇，一篇13/14道题。(官方要求是20分钟一篇)

13道题中除了4道词汇题(30‘’)1道多选题(1’30‘’)之外，其他题目基本(1‘)一般是在第三段/第四段，大概第8题/第9题的样子，是一段会出2道理解题的段落。题目编排，近几年的TPO一般第一篇第二篇文章偏难，生词多，第三篇简单难度类似早期TPO。

在题目上一般是(细节 词汇，细节 作用， 细节 词汇， 细节 词汇 改写， 细节 词汇， 黑点 大意)规律就是每一段都会出细节题(In paragraph n...)再加一道其他题，早期一段只有一道题的情况几乎不存在了。

简单的文章可能会出比较难的大意题，尤其是对比型的简单文章。用上面的标准控制时间，用下面的方法去读的话，20分钟一般都是够用的。

托福阅读障碍：

速度：1’大概150-170字，生词量一般而且前后不出现感觉自相矛盾需要停下来想的情况下。

选项：词汇量一般，有时词汇题的相似词汇不造句都感觉不出区别。

新托福阅读真题训练技巧：

1，粗看下文章的段数，对每段大概几道题有个预期。(比如只有5段，那长段肯定是3道题)粗看每段第一句话，对文章的整体意思心中有数。

2，每段段首变成中文理解，以迅速的进入状态，并记忆主要意思。(就算只有一道词汇题，这段的段首也要读)

3，每读一段整理一次逻辑，A支持的观点是，A的观点的问题是B的观点是。(记忆法，图像帮助理解，逻辑帮助记忆，生成图像来理解含义，对逻辑部分用色彩记忆红黄绿记忆法，每一段的第一句作为逻辑中心标记黄色。

这段如果讲倒推如原因，在脑中的逻辑框架就在红色的区域生成记忆，如果正推将后果等就在绿色区域生成图像，读完全文留下来的会是每一排都是红黄绿三色的逻辑关系，每一段都纵向罗列，如下)红——黄——绿

4，鉴于每段都会出细节题，如果有词汇题等先只看一句话，做完了要看到细节题问的什么再看文章，鉴于有四个选项，选一个对的或者不对的，看的时候自己要边看边总结，比如总结出三个步骤， 解释了三个方面的问题，或者其他。5，要检查，每个不确定的题都标上guess回来看，我不确定的题错的概率还是非常高的。如果不走神的理解全文，一般15分钟是够的，还能剩下几分钟检查。

新托福阅读真题做题策略：

词汇题、句子改写题——只读该句不读完整段(30‘ _ + 1’_1)耗时3分钟

词汇题看好单词的词性、发出者(是人，是物)，保持一致的最对，看这一句即可。

In the past,whole cities grew from the arduoustask of cutting and piling stone upon. Some of the world’s finest stonearchitecture can be seen in the ruins of the ancient Inca city of Machu Picchu high in the eastern Andes

Mountains

of Peru.猜词是保证不了完全准了，根据意思，这道题排除BD，剩下AC很是纠结，但是看task本身，skilled task这种说法小奇怪，一般是skilled workers，所以选A

The word “arduous” in the passage is closest inmeaning to

○Difficult○Necessary○Skilled○Shared

词汇题一直是难点超爱错，猜出来的，如果有时间检查一定要再看一下，从ETS出题的角度考虑。

要拿托福阅读高分就需要付出艰辛的努力，坚持到底就是胜利，虽不能确保一定成功，但是收获是必须的，祝大家都能学会托福阅读高分策略的做法，争取到高分。