诗经最基本的句式

2024-05-06

诗经最基本的句式(精选7篇)

篇1:诗经最基本的句式

诗经最基本的句式

我国最早的一部诗歌总集叫做诗经,这是古代人民智慧的结晶,希望我们在学习的时候能够认真细心,那么诗经最基本的句式是什么呢?下面给大家带来诗经最基本的句式,希望能够使大家能够更了解诗经。

诗经的基本句式是四言,间或杂有二言直至九言的各种句式。但杂言句式所占比例很低。只有个别诗是以杂言为主的,如《伐檀》。以四言句为主干,可以由此推想当时演唱《诗经》的音乐旋律,是比较平稳和比较简单的。至汉代以后,四言诗虽断断续续一直有人写,但已不再是一种重要的诗型了。反而在辞赋、颂、赞、诔、箴、铭等特殊的韵文文体中,运用得很普遍。

一、赋、比、兴的手法

赋就是铺陈直叙,叙事描写、议论抒情都在其内,是《诗经》最基本、最常用的表现手法。如《豳风·七月》即以直接叙述农夫们的衣食住行和描写四季的变化来加以表现的。《卫风·氓》也以叙述和描写的手段写出了弃妇的.遭际和复杂的心理情感。比就是比喻,也是《诗经》常用的表现手法。如《魏风·硕鼠》、《邶风·新台》是以整体形象作比,但多数篇章是具体的比喻。《卫风·硕人》以一系列比喻描写形容庄姜的美貌。《诗经》的比喻运用得相当广泛,而且形式多种多样。兴就是托物起兴,是诗歌开头而引起下文的一种手法。有的只起开头的作用,但多数都有某种意义的关联,起到象征、烘托、联想、比喻等作用。如《周南·关雎》以鸟的和鸣比喻衬托男女好合。《秦风·蒹葭》以秋景创造气氛烘托心境。赋、比、兴的手法常表现为综合的运用。

二、句式和章法

《诗经》的形式在句式上以四言二节拍为主,间有杂言;在章法上以重章迭唱居多。

三、雅、颂与国风不同的语言风格

雅、颂与国风在语言风格上有所不同。雅、颂多数篇章运用严整的四言句,极少杂言,国风中杂言比较多。小雅和国风中,重章迭句运用得比较多,在大雅和颂中则比较少见。国风中用了很多语气词,如“兮”、“之”、“止”、“思”、“乎”、“而”、“矣”、“也”等,这些语气词在雅、颂中也出现过,但不如国风中数量众多,富于变化。国风中对语 气词的驱遣妙用,增强了诗歌的形象性和生动性,达到了传神的境地。雅、颂与国风在语言上这种不同的特点,反映了时代社会的变化,也反映出创作主体身份的差异。雅、颂多为西周时期的作品,出自贵族之手,体现了“雅乐”的威仪典重,国风多为春秋时期的作品,有许多采自民间,更多地体现了新声的自由奔放,比较接近当时的口语。

诗经最基本的句式希望我们能够掌握,诗经里面有许多经典的文章,希望我们能够熟记,这对我们考试是有极大好处的。

篇2:诗经最基本的句式

我国最早的一部诗歌总集叫做诗经,这是古代人民智慧的结晶,希望我们在学习的时候能够认真细心,那么诗经最基本的句式是什么呢?下面给大家带来诗经最基本的句式,希望能够使大家能够更了解诗经。

南陔、白华、华黍、由康、崇伍、由仪),反映了西周初期到春秋中叶约五百年间的社会面貌。

《诗经》作者佚名,传为尹吉甫采集、孔子编订。最初只称为“诗”或“诗三百”,到西汉时,被尊为儒家经典,才称为《诗经》。《诗经》按《风》、《雅》、《颂》三类编辑。《风》是周代各地的歌谣;《雅》是周人的正声雅乐,又分《小雅》和《大雅》;《颂》是周王庭和贵族宗庙祭祀的乐歌,又分为《周颂》、《鲁颂》和《商颂》。

《诗经》内容丰富,反映了劳动与爱情、战争与徭役、压迫与反抗、风俗与婚姻、祭祖与宴会,甚至天象、地貌、动物、植物等方方面面,是周代社会生活的一面镜子。

诗经的基本句式是四言,间或杂有二言直至九言的各种句式。但杂言句式所占比例很低。只有个别诗是以杂言为主的,如《伐檀》。以四言句为主干,可以由此推想当时演唱《诗经》的音乐旋律,是比较平稳和比较简单的`。至汉代以后,四言诗虽断断续续一直有人写,但已不再是一种重要的诗型了。反而在辞赋、颂、赞、诔、箴、铭等特殊的韵文文体中,运用得很普遍。

一、赋、比、兴的手法

赋就是铺陈直叙,叙事描写、议论抒情都在其内,是《诗经》最基本、最常用的表现手法。如《豳风·七月》即以直接叙述农夫们的衣食住行和描写四季的变化来加以表现的。《卫风·氓》也以叙述和描写的手段写出了弃妇的遭际和复杂的心理情感。比就是比喻,也是《诗经》常用的表现手法。如《魏风·硕鼠》、《邶风·新台》是以整体形象作比,但多数篇章是具体的比喻。《卫风·硕人》以一系列比喻描写形容庄姜的美貌。《诗经》的比喻运用得相当广泛,而且形式多种多样。兴就是托物起兴,是诗歌开头而引起下文的一种手法。有的只起开头的作用,但多数都有某种意义的关联,起到象征、烘托、联想、比喻等作用。如《周南·关雎》以鸟的和鸣比喻衬托男女好合。《秦风·蒹葭》以秋景创造气氛烘托心境。赋、比、兴的手法常表现为综合的运用。

二、句式和章法

《诗经》的形式在句式上以四言二节拍为主,间有杂言;在章法上以重章迭唱居多。

三、雅、颂与国风不同的语言风格

雅、颂与国风在语言风格上有所不同。雅、颂多数篇章运用严整的四言句,极少杂言,国风中杂言比较多。小雅和国风中,重章迭句运用得比较多,在大雅和颂中则比较少见。国风中用了很多语气词,如“兮”、“之”、“止”、“思”、“乎”、“而”、“矣”、“也”等,这些语气词在雅、颂中也出现过,但不如国风中数量众多,富于变化。国风中对语 气词的驱遣妙用,增强了诗歌的形象性和生动性,达到了传神的境地。雅、颂与国风在语言上这种不同的特点,反映了时代社会的变化,也反映出创作主体身份的差异。雅、颂多为西周时期的作品,出自贵族之手,体现了“雅乐”的威仪典重,国风多为春秋时期的作品,有许多采自民间,更多地体现了新声的自由奔放,比较接近当时的口语。

篇3:掌握固定句式的基本方法

首先,掌握常见固定句式的类型:

按照表达语气,固定句式可以分为四种:

第一种:表陈述语气:有(无)以——有(没有)……用来;有(无)所——有(没有)……的;比及——等到……的时候;为……所——被……。

第二种:表疑问语气:奈何——怎么办;何如——怎么样;如……何——把……怎么样;得无……耶——大概……吧。

第三种:表感叹语气:何其——多么;何——何等、多么。

第四种:表反问语气:无乃……乎——恐怕、只怕……吧;不亦……乎——不是……吗;得无……乎——难道……吗;孰与、孰若——跟……相比……;何……为——为什么……呢。

其次,回归课本,用课本资源进一步熟悉固定句式。

具体落实的时候,运用教材是最好的办法。比如,“有(无)所”这个固定句式就可以从教材中找到相应的句子:行李之往来,共其乏困,君亦无所害。——《烛之武退秦师》。译文:(秦国)使者往来(经过郑国),(郑国可以)供给他们所缺乏的东西,(对)您(秦国来说)也没有什么害处。固定句式,无所:没有……的。再如,我孰与城北徐公美?——《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》,译文:我与城北的徐公相比,谁漂亮?固定句式:……孰与……:相当于“与……比,谁……”。

最后,研究试卷,总结规律。

对于固定句式的考查,《考试大纲》虽然没有明确规定,但在文言文翻译中,固定句式有着举足轻重的作用,如:吾为德请,财何为也?其中“何为”就是一个固定句式,表示一种反问,如果考生不知道“何为”如何翻译,那么,这个句子就很难正确译出。

【模拟训练】

阅读下面一段文言文,回答问题。

五代史宦者传论

欧阳修

五代文章陋矣,而史官之职废于丧乱,传记小说多失其传,故其事迹,终始不完,而杂以讹缪。至于英豪奋起,战争胜败,国家兴废之际,岂无谋臣之略,辩士之谈?而文字不足以发之,遂使泯然无传于后世。然独张承业事卓卓在人耳目,至今故老犹能道之。其论议可谓杰然欤!殆非宦者之言也。

自古宦者乱人之国,其源深于女祸。女,色而已;宦者之害,非一端也。盖其用事也近而习,其为心也专而忍。能以小善中人之意,小信固人之心,使人主必信而亲之。待其已信,然后惧以祸福而把持之。(1)虽有忠臣硕士列于朝廷,而人主以为去己疏远,不若起居饮食、前后左右之亲为可恃也。故前后左右者日益亲,则忠臣硕士日益疏,而人主之势日益孤。势孤,则惧祸之心日益切,而把持者日益牢。安危出其喜怒,祸患伏于帷闼,则向之所谓可恃者,乃所以为患也。患已深而觉之,欲与疏远之臣图左右之亲近,缓之则养祸而益深,急之则挟人主以为质,虽有圣智不能与谋,谋之而不可为,为之而不可成,至其甚,则俱伤而两败。(2)故其大者亡国,其次亡身,而使奸豪得借以为资而起,至抉其种类,尽杀以快天下之心而后已。此前史所载宦者之祸常如此者,非一世也。夫为人主者,非欲养祸于内而疏忠臣硕士于外,盖其渐积而势使之然也。夫女色之惑,不幸而不悟,则祸斯及矣,使其一悟,捽而去之可也。宦者之为祸,虽欲悔悟,而势有不得而去也,唐昭宗之事是已。故曰深于女祸者,谓此也。可不戒哉!

(有删节)

请翻译文中画横线的句子。

(1)虽有忠臣硕士列于朝廷,而人主以为去己疏远,不若起居饮食、前后左右之亲为可恃也。

译文:__________________________________________

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

(2)故其大者亡国,其次亡身,而使奸豪得借以为资而起,至抉其种类,尽杀以快天下之心而后已。

译文:__________________________________________

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

【参考答案】

3.(1)即使朝廷上有许多忠臣贤士,但国君却认为他们跟自己关系疏远,不如侍奉自己饮食起居、跟随在自己前后左右的宦官可靠。(固定句式:以为。)

(2)所以灾祸大的就要亡国,次一点的国君就要丧命,从而使得那些以权术欺世的政治野心家们借作口实兴兵,直到挖掘搜捕宦官的同党,全部杀掉,使天下人心大快然后才算了结。(固定句式:以为。)

【参考译文】

五代时的文章太粗乏了,而在动乱之中史官的职务又被废弃,传记小说大多失传,所以人物的事迹,都不完整,还常常间杂有错乱和谬误。至于在英雄豪杰奋起、战争或胜或败、国家兴盛和衰亡交替之时,难道就没有谋臣的雄才大略和辩士的高谈阔论出现?但由于文字不足以表达,就使得(那些事迹)全部泯灭了不能传给后世。然而惟有张承业的事迹特别卓越,在人们口耳中相传,心目中留存,至今很多老人还能讲述。他的言论可以说特别突出,大概不是一般宦官所能讲得出的话。

从古以来,宦官扰乱一个国家,它的祸患比女色还要深重。女人,只不过使国君沉溺于美色罢了;宦官的危害,决不仅仅在一个方面啊。因为他们为国君办事,接近而且亲昵;他们的用心,专横而且残忍。能够干些细小的好事去迎合国君的心意,能够用些细小的信誉去巩固国君的信任,使得当国君的一定非常信任他们、亲近他们。等到国君已经充分信任他们了,然后便用祸福进行威胁,来挟持国君。即使朝廷上有许多忠臣贤士,但国君却认为他们跟自己关系疏远,不如侍奉自己饮食起居、跟随在自己前后左右的宦官可靠。所以,身边的宦官就一天比一天更加亲近,忠臣贤士就一天比一天更加疏远,于是国君的地位就一天比一天更加孤立。国君孤立了,惧怕灾祸的心理一天比一天迫切,于是挟持国君的宦官的地位就一天比一天牢固。国家的安危全凭他们的喜怒来决定,国君的祸患就隐藏在宫廷之内。那么先前所谓可以依靠的人,现在却成了产生祸患的根源。等到祸患已经很深才觉察出来,想要跟疏远的臣子图谋铲除贴身的宦官,行动迟缓就会滋养祸患使它更加深重,过于急切又会使宦官挟持国君作为人质。此时即使是大智大圣的人,也不能替国君谋划了。即使谋划了也无法实施,即使去实施了也无法成功,到形势严重时,还会两败俱伤,所以灾祸大的就要亡国,次一点的国君就要丧命,从而使得那些以权术欺世的政治野心家们借作口实兴兵,直到挖掘搜捕宦官的同党,全部杀掉,使天下人心大快然后才算了结。这在以前史书上所记载的宦官之祸往往如此,决不是一朝一代的事了!那当国君的,(主观愿望)并不希望在宫廷内滋养祸患而在宫廷外疏远忠臣贤士,只是由于(宦官势力)逐渐积累而形势迫使他这样的啊。对于女色的迷恋,如果不幸而国君始终不能醒悟,那么灾祸就要临头了;如果国君一旦觉悟,揪住她抛弃开就行了。对于宦官之祸,即使想要悔悟,可由于形势却无法把它除去。唐昭宗时所发生的事就是这样的。所以说,宦官之祸比女色之祸还要深重,就是这个道理,怎么能不警惕呢?

【作者简介】

刘万春,高级教师,执教于吉林省松原市第二高级中学,发表文章多篇。

篇4:雅思写作——高分的基本句式

建议准备好纸笔,顺便记到笔记本上哦!以后常用~

一、表示原因

1、There are three reasons for this。

2、The reasons for this are as follows。

3、The reason for this is obvious。

4、The reason for this is not far to seek。

5、The reason for this is that.。。

6、We have good reason to believe that.。。

例如:

There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life. Firstly, people’s living standard has been greatly improved. Secondly, most people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or like. Last but not least, more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life。

注:如考生写第一个句子没有把握,可将其改写成两个句子。如:Great changes have taken place in our life. There are three reasons for this. 这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。

二、表示好处

1、It has the following advantages。

2、It does us a lot of good。

3、It benefits us quite a lot。

4、It is beneficial to us。

5、It is of great benefit to us。

例如:

Books are like friends. They can help us know the world better, and they can open our minds and widen our horizons. Therefore, reading extensively is of great benefit to us。

三、表示坏处

1、It has more disadvantages than advantages。

2、It does us much harm。

3、It is harmful to us。

例如:

However, everything divides into two. Television can also be harmful to us. It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television。

四、表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能

1、It is important(necessary, difficult, convenient, possible、for sb. to do sth。

2、We think it necessary to do sth。

3、It plays an important role in our life。

例如:

Computers are now being used everywhere, whether in the government, in schools or in business. Soon, computers will be found in every home, too. We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age。

五、表示措施

1、We should take some effective measures。

2、We should try our best to overcome (conquer、the difficulties。

3、We should do our utmost in doing sth。

4、We should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced、with。

例如:

The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious. Therefore, we must take some effective measures to solve it。

六、表示变化

1、Some changes have taken place in the past five years。

2、A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications。

3、The computer has brought about many changes in education。

例如:

Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years. The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek. Nowadays, more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein, and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins。

七、表示事实、现状

1、We cannot ignore the fact that.。。

2、No one can deny the fact that.。。

3、There is no denying the fact that.。。

4、This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in。

5、However, that’s not the case。

例如:

We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution. To solve these problems, we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution. The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment。

八、表示比较

1、Compared with A, B.。。

2、I prefer to read rather than watch TV。

3、There is a striking contrast between them。

例如:

Compared with cars, bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable. Firstly, they do not consume natural resources of petroleum. Secondly, they do not cause the pollution problem. Last but not least, they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise。

九、表示数量

1、It has increased (decreased、from...to.。。

2、The population in this city has now increased (decreased、to 800,000.

3、The output of July in this factory increased by 15% compared with that of January。

例如:

With the improvement of the living standard, the proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased。

再如:

From the graph listed above, it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in .

十、表示看法

1、People have (take, adopt, assume、different attitudes towards sth。

2、People have different opinions on this problem。

3、People take different views of (on、the question。

4、Some people believe that...Others argue that.。。

例如:

People have different attitudes towards failure. Some believe that failure leads to success。

Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor. However, others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers。

再如:

Do “lucky numbers” really bring good luck? Different people have different views on it。

注:一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始,考生应掌握这一写作方法。

十一、表示结论

1、In short, it can be said that .。。

2、It may be briefly summed up as follows。

3、From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that .。。

例如:

From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary, however, its method should be improved。

注:例句1可用于任何一个段落的结论句;例句3则多用于文章结论段的第一句。

十二、套语

1、It’s well known to us that .。。

2、As is known to us, .。。

3、This is a topic that is being widely talked about。

4、From the graph (table,chart、listed above,it can be seen that .。。

5、As a proverb says, “Where there is a will, there is a way”.

例如:

As is well known to us, it is important for the students to know the world outside campus。

The reason for this is obvious. Nowadays, the society is changing and developing rapidly, and the campus is no longer an “ivory tower”. As college students, we must get in touch with the world outside the campus. Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate。

再如:

篇5:五言律诗基本句式

1、每首八句;

2、第三句和第四句、第五句和第六句必须对仗(或对偶);

3、平仄必须按照特定的格式安排,一联内讲对,两联间讲粘;

4、只能押平声韵,并且押韵有固定的位置,即偶数句押韵(也有首句入韵的);

5、节奏形式是严格的两个双音步加一个单音步,并且单音步只能出现在句子的中间或者末尾,不能出现在开头,两个相邻的双音步的平仄必须相反。

根据以上规则,五言律诗分为平起和仄起两体,每体又分为正格和偏格二种。[律诗的四联,各有一个特定的名称,第一联叫首联,第二联叫颔联,第三联叫颈联,第四联叫尾联。颔联和颈联必须对仗,首联和尾联可对可不对。

第一种格式:首句入韵仄起式

(仄)仄仄平平,平平仄仄平。(平)平平仄仄,(仄)仄仄平平。(仄)仄平平仄,平平仄仄平。(平)平平仄仄,(仄)仄仄平平。第二种格式:首句不入韵仄起式

(仄)仄平平仄,平平仄仄平。(平)平平仄仄,(仄)仄仄平平。(仄)仄平平仄,平平仄仄平。(平)平平仄仄,(仄)仄仄平平。第三种格式:首句入韵平起式

平平仄仄平,(仄)仄仄平平。(仄)仄平平仄,平平仄仄平。(平)平平仄仄,(仄)仄仄平平。(仄)仄平平仄,平平仄仄平。第四种格式:首句不入韵平起式

(平)平平仄仄,(仄)仄仄平平。(仄)仄平平仄,平平仄仄平。

篇6:高中英语写作基本句式3

仿写专题

(一)----There be句型

are/is/was/were/used to be/There have/has/had been /will be+ 名词/代词 to do/to be done+ 地点 + 时间

may/can/muse be

exist, lie, live, stand,seem / happen / appear to be

remain, come, follow

There is no use / point / sense / good + in doing sth.There is no need / chance / possibility to do sth

实例展示一

◆There are no children in this house.◆There appear to be several reasons for changing our plans.◆There remains nothing to be done.◆Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.仿写练习

1. 有一条河流过我们村。(flow...through)

There/flows/a river/through our village.2. 这台电脑好像出毛病了。

There/seems to be/something wrong/with this computer.3. 还有很多问题没有解决。

There/remain/a large number of problems/to be solved.4. 接着是一阵令人难受的沉默。(follow)

There/followed/an uncomfortable silence.

5. 这个地区曾经发生过一次严重的交通事故。(there used to be)

There/used to be/a serious traffic accident/in the area.实例展示二

◆There is going to be a lecture on environmental protection held in our lecture hall this weekend.◆There are 10 yuan left in my pocket.仿写练习

1.有成千上万的人在地球日那一天关掉灯,和家人到外面散步。

There are/thousands of people/turning off the light/and/walking outside/with their family/on the Earth Day.2.只剩一个月的时间就要期中考试了。(before)

There are/only one month/left/before the mid-term examination.实例展示三

◆There has been some awful weather lately.仿写练习

1.这里出过许多事故。

There have been a lot of accidents round here.实例展示四

◆There must be a mistake somewhere.◆There must have been a rain last night, for the ground is wet.◆There needs to be a system set up to judge the quality of the English language learning.需要建立一套系统来评判英语学习的质量。

仿写练习

1.今天雨这么大,教室里可能没人。

There could be/no one/in the classroom, for/it’s raining/so hard.2.需要定一个规则来防止我们大家浪费自然资源。

There needs to set up/a policy/to prevent us all/from wasting natural resources.实例展示五

◆There is no point in arguing further.再争下去没意义。

◆There was no sense in making a child suffer like that.让一个孩子受那样的苦是毫无道理的。

◆There is no denying the fact that he is guilty.毫无疑问,他是有罪的。

仿写练习

1.为孩子准备好所有的一切是没有道理的。

There is no sense in getting everything ready for children.2.没有必要为自己所做的事情找借口。(there is no need to do)

There is no need to make excuses for what you have done.实例展示六

◆There is an old lady who came to college at the age of 87.◆There was a time when I hated to go to school.曾经有一段时间,我讨厌上学。

仿写练习

1. 有三个兄弟,经常吵架。

There are/three brothers/who always quarrel/with each other.2. 曾经有一段时间,我对学习丧失了兴趣。

There used to be/a time/when/I expressed no interest/in my study.强化训练

1.改错

1)There will改为 be/ an

2)There are one third of the students don’t think it wise to tear down the library we should

preserve.一般要用非谓语或从句的形式)

3)There is no use to hide that fact from him.4)He told me that there has been an argument between them.2.语法填空

1)I don’t expect there ____________ any misunderstanding.to be

2)There is no use___________(talk)a lot without __________(do)anything.3)There___________(enter)Mary with a baby in her arms just when I was aboutto leave.4)There are a lot of people ___________(wait)for the bus to come.5)There are five pairs___________(choose),but I’m at a loss which to buy.6)What a pity, my new computer doesn’t work.There ___________(be)something wrong with it.7)Let’s get through the work quickly.___________ seems to be little time left now.8)There is reported ___________(be)a number of the wounded on both sides.1)to be 2)talking, doing 3)entered 4)waiting 5)to choose from 6)must be

7)There 8)to be

3.完成句子

1)昨天在街上碰巧遇见了我的一个老朋友。(there happen to be)

There/happened to be/an old friend of mine/in the street.

2)这条河以前有很多水的。(used to be)

There/used to be/plenty of water/in the river.3)昨天运动场举行了一场运动会。

There was/a sport meeting(held)/on the playground/yesterday.4)屋后有一条河。

5)

6)There lies/a river/behind the house.毫无疑问,他已经意识到自己的错误了。There is no doubt that/he/is aware of/his mistakes.同期,在自行车的使用和走路两个方面都有一定的下降.(a gradual decline in...)

There was/a gradual declinein the use of bicycle and on foot.7)1990年以来,美国死于交通事故的人越来越多。

(there have been..已经有……)

There have been more Americans killed in traffic accidents since 1990.8)全班似乎除了Tom之外没有一个人能解出这道题。

(there seems to be似乎有……)

There seems to be/nobody/who/can work out/the problem/except Tom.9)近来,人们越来越关注校园安全问题。(there is a widespread concern over...)

Recently,there is/a widespread concern/over campus safety.10)有两个原因可以解释这种现象。(account for)

There are/two reasons/that/account for/this phenomenon.11)尽管实现梦想的道路很艰辛,我们仍然在努力地为它创造条件。

(there is a long way to go before..,pave one’s way to sth.为……创造条件)

Although/there is a long way to go/before/we realize our dream, we are still/paving our way to/this goal.4.将下面句子连成一句话

1)There are many people in the street.They are waiting for the bus.(非谓语)

2)There comes the teacher.He holds some books in his hand.(with sth.+介词短语/分

词/不定式)3)There was once a famous detective.He was named Sherlock Holmes.He lived in

London.The time was at the end of the nineteenth century.(现在分词)

4)There will be a lecture.The speaker is Professor Wang.It will be held in the lecture

hall.It aims to improve students’ awareness of environmental protection.(非谓语)

5)There is a woman.She realized her dream of getting a college education at 87.She

篇7:英语基本句式

1. 陈述句的构成形式及基本用法;

2. 祈使句的构成形式及基本用法;

3. 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的构成形式及基本用法;

4. 由what, how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别。

对于各种句子的构成形式及基本用法我们分别进行精讲精练。

一、陈述句的构成形式及基本用法

1. 陈述句:陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法(包括肯定和否定)的句子。通常用降调,句末用句号“.”。

Tom has a new car.The flower isn’t beautiful.

2. 陈述句否定式的构成

(1)如果肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be,则只需在这些动词后加not即可构成否定式。

He is playing the guitar.(肯定)→He is not playing the guitar.(否定)

We can get there before dark.(肯定)→We can’t get there before dark.(否定)

(2)如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词,而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时,则需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加don’t, doesn’t或didn’t。同时把该实义动词变为原形。

He plays the violin well.(肯定)→He doesn’t play the violin well.(否定)

She won the game.(肯定)→She didn’t win the game.(否定)

(3)如果句子是there be结构或谓语动词是have(有),除了be和have之后加not之外,句中如果有some要变为any。

There is some water in the cup.→There is not any water in the cup.

He has some books.→He has not any books.

(4)除not以外,否定词no, never, nothing, nobody, few等也可构成否定句。

There is something wrong with his bike.→There is nothing wrong with his bike.

I have seen the film.→I have never seen the film.

二、祈使句的构成形式及基本用法

祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议、号召等的句子,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号“!”或句号“.”。朗读时一般用降调。

1. 肯定的祈使句:

(1)祈使句主语是you时,you常省略,但如果要特别强调对方或表达某种强烈的情绪时可以有主语或称呼语。

Be quiet.→You be quiet!

(2)“Do+祈使句”表示一种强烈的感情或请求,do起强调作用。

Do come back at once!

Do be careful.

(3)please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气,但please用在句末时,必须用逗号与其余部分分开。

Open the window, please.

(4)Let引导祈使句时,后面需跟上人称代词或称呼语,人称代词一般只用第一、第三人称。

Let Jack wait a minute.

Let’s go to school.

(5)在祈使句中,Let’s和 Let us是有区别的。Let’s包括听话者,而Let us不包括听话者在内。这点从反意疑问句时可明显看出。

Let’s go skating, shall we? (表示内部的建议)

Let us try again, will you? (表示向别人发出请求)

2. 否定祈使句通常以Don’t或Never开头。其结构通常是:“Don’t(Never)+动词原形+其他成分”。

Don’t do that again!

Never leave today’s work for tomorrow!

Don’t be late next time!

三、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的构成形式及基本用法

1. 一般疑问句:

(1)一般疑问句的肯定形式

一般疑问句一般是指以助动词、情态动词、be动词或have(有)开始,通常要求以yes,或no来回答的疑问句,一般疑问句读时通常用升调。

Do you know Mr. Smith?

Can you swim?

(2)一般疑问句的否定结构

①在一般疑问句的否定结构中,把副词not放在一般疑问句的主语之后。但如果用not的简略形式-n’t,则须将-n’t与一般疑问句句首的be, have,助动词或情态动词写在一起。在实际运用中,一般都采用简略式。

Are you not a football fan?=Aren’t you a football fan?

Will she not like it?=Won’t she like it?

②与汉语不同的是,英语一般疑问句否定结构的答语是否定还是肯定,全由答语的否定或肯定来决定。若答语是肯定的,则用yes加肯定结构;若答语是否定的,则用no加否定结构。

Aren’t you a football fan? 你不是足球迷吗?

Yes, I am./No, I am not.

Won’t she like it?

Yes, she will./No, she won’t.

2. 特殊疑问句:

特殊疑问句由“疑问代词或疑问副词+一般疑问句”构成,句子一般用倒装语序,但如果主语是疑问代词或由疑问代词修饰时,用陈述句的语序。特殊疑问句不能用yes或no回答,读时用降调。

Who is on duty today?

How long have you been in Beijing?

What time do you get up every morning?

What must I do now?

3. 选择疑问句:

选择疑问句是说话者提出两种或两种以上的不同情况,让对方选择回答的疑问句。其结构是“疑问句+选择部分”。选择部分由or连接,or前面的部分读升调,or后面的部分读降调。选择疑问句不能用yes或no回答,而必须作具体的选择答复。

——Is your bag yellow or black?——It’s black.

——Would you like some tea or coffee? ——Either will do.

——Which do you like better, singing or dancing? ——I like dancing better.

4. 反意疑问句:

反意疑问句是指在陈述句之后附加一个意思与之相反的简短问句,问对方是否赞同的疑问句。附加问句的否定式必须缩写。

(1)肯定的陈述句后跟否定的附加问句,否定的陈述句后跟肯定的附加问句。

I am your teacher, aren’t I?

He didn’t study hard, did he?

(2)如果陈述句中含有否定副词never(从不,决不),hardly(几乎不)或其他表示否定的代词或形容词,如nothing, none, no one, nobody, neither, few, little等,则附加问句只能用肯定式。

They hardly write to each other, do they?

He has found nothing, has he?

Few people knew the secret, did they?

(3)当反意疑问句是“否定陈述句+肯定附加问句”时,英语与汉语的回答习惯存在差异。英语回答时只看实际情况,若答语的具体内容是肯定的就用“Yes+肯定结构”,答语的具体内容是否定的就用“No+否定结构”,而译成汉语时,则必须把yes译成“不是”,把no译成“是的”。

——You won’t be away for long, will you? 你不会离开太久,是吗?

——Yes, I will. 不,我会离开很久。

——No, I won’t. 是的,我不会离开很久。

——I don’t think she’ll come by bike, will she? 我认为她不会骑自行车来,会吗?

——Yes, she will. 不,她会骑自行车来。

——No, she won’t. 是的,她不会骑自行车来。

四、由what, how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别

感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊异等感情的句子。句末用感叹号“!”,读时用降调,感叹句往往由what或how引导,what修饰名词,how修饰形容词,副词或动词。

1. what引导的感叹句:

(1)What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语)!

What a beautiful city it is!

What an interesting story she told!

(2)What+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语)!

What expensive watches they are!

What terrible weather it is!

2. How引导的感叹句:

(1)How+形容词/副词+陈述句(主语+谓语)!

How cold it is!How hard he works!

(2)How+陈述句(主语+谓语)!

How he loves his son!How I miss you!

(3)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语)!

How tall a tree it is!

(4)上述两种感叹句可以互相转换。例如:

What a clever boy he is!→How clever the boy is!

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