呼啸山庄作品赏析

呼啸山庄作品赏析（通用6篇）

篇1：呼啸山庄作品赏析

Wuthering Heights which has long been one of the most popular and highly regarded novels in English literature, it has a secure position in the canon of world literature.As a shattering presentation of the doomed love between the passionate Catherine and Heathcliff, it remains one of the most haunting love stories in all of literature.In Wuthering Heights, Nature is represented by the Earnshaw family and especially Catherine and Heathcliff.These characters are governed by their emotions, not by reflection or ideals of civility.Wuthering Heights symbolized a similar wildness.On the other hand, Thrushcross Grange and the Linton family represent culture, refinement, convention, and cultivation.Wuthering heights, through a love tragedy, presented a picture of deformity of the social life and Outlines a kind of humanity twisted by society and all kinds of terrible events.The story ended with Heathcliff’s suicide.He died for love and his death shows his love to Katherine.He gave up the revenge to the younger generation after he knew that young Catherine and Harleton had fallen in love with each other shows that he was kind in nature.It was the cruel reality that twisted his humanity and made him become brutal and heartless.This kind of recovery of humanity was sublimation in spirit and it glared a kind of humanitarian ideal of the author and endows the terrible love tragedy some hope.Therefore, Heathcliff’s change of “love---hate---revenge---a recovery of humanity” is not only the essence of the novel but also a clue throughout the whole novel.According to the clue, the author arranged an unpredictable scene for us.Sometimes it was the moor full of clouds, sometimes it was courtyard with a sudden rain and wind.The story has always been shrouded in a kind of mysterious and horrible atmosphere.The novel is actually structured around two parallel love stories, the first half of the novel told about the love between Catherine and Heathcliff, while the rest dramatic second half told developing love between young Catherine and Harleton.In contrast to the first, the latter tale ends happily, restoring peace and order to Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange.The most important feature of young Catherine and Harleton’s love story is that it involves growth and change.Early in the novel Harleton seems brutal, savage, and illiterate, but over time he becomes a loyal friend to young Catherine and learns to read.Catherine and Heathcliff’s love, on the other hand, is rooted in their childhood and is marked by the refusal to change.In choosing to marry Edgar, Catherine seeks a more genteel life, but she refuses to adapt to her role as wife, either by sacrificing Heathcliff or embracing Edgar.Catherine and Heathcliff’s love is based on their shared perception that they are identical.As Catherine declares, “I am Heathcliff,” while Heathcliff, upon Catherine’s death, said that he cannot live without his “soul,” meaning Catherine.Catherine’s betrayal and her bitter destiny was the turning point of the whole story.It made Heathcliff change his love to hate.After Catherine died, the hate became the motivation of his revenge.He successfully attained his objective.Not only he let Edgar and the Linton died in desolation and possessed their property but also let their innocent younger generation experience the hardships.This kind of crazy revenge clearly showed his uncommon and rebellious behavior.This special spirit of revolt was formed by the special environment and his special character.Heathcliff’s love tragedy was a tragedy of the society and that time.Wuthering Heights was known as “most strange novel” in the history of English literature and it was an unpredictable “strange book”.The reason is that it was different from the sentimentalism that lies in the works of the same age.It replaced the deep sadness and depression with intense love, brutal hate and ruthless revenge.It just like a strange lyric poem, imagination and intensive emotion existed among the words and between the lines and it had a kind of amazing artistic power.

篇2：呼啸山庄作品赏析

书中的希斯克利夫，却因为对凯瑟琳极端的爱，对埃德加萌生了名为“恨”的萌芽，再加上亨德莱的折磨与侮辱，使他的恨意无限放大。历练归来后，变成了一个冷酷无情，对人心狠手辣的，一心只为复仇的人。这种爱是扭曲的，这种爱的手段也是恐怖的。爱一个人，不能占有她，要学会包容她，支持她，尊重她的选择。希斯克利夫与埃德加都太极端了，不肯接纳彼此，若是他们能爱自己爱人之所爱，故事也就不会是这样了。

凯瑟琳，对希斯克利夫的爱是极为真诚的，但她却受铜臭影响，答应了埃德加的求婚。虽说她的初衷是为了希斯克利夫，但却极大地伤害了希斯克利夫，成为希斯克利夫离家出走的直接原因。但不得不说，凯瑟琳对希斯克利夫的爱是真挚的。在他回来后，凯瑟琳对埃德加说过：“现在的希斯克利夫谁都应该看得起。”

亨德莱与埃德加，两家族的家长，都早早地失去了妻子，留下一个孩子。只不过，亨德莱选择向黑恶势力低头，变得冷酷，放弃了对上帝的信仰，对自己的小哈里顿漠不关心，不但没有成为合格的好父亲，反而成为了一个心灰意冷、软弱无能的人;而埃德加却选择了坚守自己的信仰，更加信赖上帝，用自己的爱关怀小凯茜，拿出勇气做一个诚心诚意的人。埃德加的心态使他拿出了百分百的爱去爱他的女儿凯茜，但这仍没有使他放下对希斯克利夫的哀，是的，哀，埃德加也许从头到尾都没有恨过希斯克利夫，有的，只是对希斯克利夫心态与行为的哀伤罢了。

林敦，本书中最为可怜的孩子，其父亲希斯克利夫对其漠不关心，只是将其视为可利用的工具，就连快要去世时，希斯克利夫也不准别人为他找医生。林敦的一切都是希斯克利夫安排好的，只是一枚可怜的棋子。

哈里顿与凯茜，两个家族的年轻一代萌发了可以说是这本书中最美好，最纯洁的爱，希斯克利夫的恨，只能成为他们爱情的养分。这份爱，使哈里顿超越自我，变得温顺，而又耐心、好学;这份爱，使凯茜超越自我，融化了心上的哀霜，对哈里顿敞开了心。

篇3：呼啸山庄作品赏析

大学生情感问题日益成为社会中的一个主要问题, 而爱情问题是其中最突出也最受关注的话题。在大学校园里, 某些大学生由于从众心理的影响, 稀里糊涂地进入恋爱氛围而盲目恋爱, 不能正确处理恋爱中出现的问题, 导致恋爱与学习冲突, 失恋之后一蹶不振, 失去生活的信心, 从而自杀等。此外, 当今社会中许多不良的影响如拜金主义和享乐主义等浸入大学这一象牙塔, 严重影响它的纯洁性。某些大学生的爱情已经异化为以物质利益为出发点的权钱交易, 某些大学生因涉世不深、经验缺乏, 受到社会上别有用心之人的物质诱惑而扭曲爱情观, 导致自我意识的泯灭和自我价值的丧失。这些异化和扭曲的现象产生的后果会严重影响学生本人、她的家庭和祖国的未来。

针对大学生情感问题现状, 从人文的角度对大学生进行爱情观教育, 引导大学生正确看待与欣赏爱情是高校外国文学教学的目的之一。爱情主题在经典文学作品中是永恒的话题, 是社会现实生活的写照, 承载着丰富的人生情感经验, 蕴涵对生活与生命的独特体验, 对培养学生高尚的爱情观具有重要作用。因此, 在外国文学教学中进行爱情教育是必要的, 通过挖掘外国文学经典作品的当代价值, 在教学中渗透正确的爱情观, 引导大学生正确看待与欣赏爱情。苏霍姆林斯基说:“当我需要把某种思想灌输到年轻的心灵最隐秘的角落的时候, 我就给他们讲述文艺作品, 我认为, 这比任何方式更能发挥出教育者的力量和语言的力量!”[1]勃朗特姐妹的《呼啸山庄》和《简·爱》是深受学生欢迎的两部经典作品, 但体现了两种截然相反的爱情观, 本文将以这两部作品的教学为例引导大学生树立正确的爱情观。

二、以物质为导向的爱情———世俗的爱情

外国文学中的无数经典名作涉及爱情这一永恒的主题。这些作品描绘的爱情不仅刻骨铭心, 在很大程度上也是对生命价值的深刻反思, 对大学生的成长具有教育、审美方面的价值, 是大学生形成健康情感、健全人格和树立正确爱情观不可或缺的素材。这些名著中不乏以物质为导向的爱情观, 这样的爱情大多以悲剧终结或是男女双方婚后过着貌合神离的生活, 毫无幸福可言。

英国女作家艾米莉·勃朗特的《呼啸山庄》是“真爱的经典”, 小说中凯瑟琳和希斯克利夫之间的刻骨铭心的爱情感动了无数的读者。两人爱得痴狂, “他就是我生命里最强的信念支撑。如果他还在这个世界上存在着, 那么这个世界无论怎么样, 对我都是有意义的……我对希斯克利夫的爱情是深埋地下的永恒不变的岩石, 那是不可或缺的、弥足珍贵的快乐源泉……我就是希斯克利夫!他永永远远在我心里。他就是我自身的存在, 因此, 不要说什么我们会分开之类的话———那根本是做不到……”[2]但是相爱至深的两人在活着的时候没有走在一起, 为何他们的爱情却以悲剧———凯瑟琳的早逝和希斯克利夫一生的悲痛和疯狂报复而终结呢?最根本的原因在于凯瑟琳和希斯克利夫之间自然、淳朴、真挚的爱情未能经受住林顿家文雅、富足生活诱惑的考验, 凯瑟琳做出了违背本性、灵魂的选择。她为了物质享受牺牲了纯真的爱情, 这样的选择使她满足了自己的虚荣心, 但让她的余生注定在矛盾、痛苦与不幸中煎熬。当她第一次到林顿家看到与自己之前生活大为不同的文雅、富足、安逸生活时, 就被这样的生活深深吸引住, 她激动不已, 遂对林顿产生好感, 并接受他的求婚。虽然她十分真挚地爱着希刺克利夫, 但一贫如洗、地位低贱的希斯克利夫无法给她以基本的生活保障, “如果我要嫁给希斯克利夫, 那就辱没了我的身份……如果希斯克利夫和我结婚了, 我们就要去沿街乞讨了吗?如果我嫁给林顿, 我就能助希斯克利夫一臂之力, 让他远离我哥哥的压迫和欺辱”[2]。她十分清楚自己和希斯克利夫之间有不可割裂的联系, 但为了世俗的利益和虚荣, 她割裂了婚姻与爱情的纽带, 背叛了最爱的人, 背叛了自己的心, 做出了违背本性的选择, 带着沉重的心理包袱嫁入豪门。她实现了自己的豪门梦, 犹如笼中的金丝鸟受到了主人的百般呵护和无微不至的关爱, 但过得不开心。当她知道希斯克利夫回来之后, 她那被压抑的“真情”搅动了心, 此后就陷入了畸形的爱恋之中。但是她意识到他们之间的三角关系违背了伦理, 这使她进退维谷, 左右为难, 几近疯狂, 最终在自己编织的罗网中挣扎着死去, 爱情悲剧不可避免。

在教学中让学生通过小组活动、自由交流、互相问答等合作学习方式分析、讨论凯瑟琳和希斯克利夫之间的爱情悲剧, 让学生进行深入思考, 并对此爱情悲剧作出评价, 引导学生在今后面临类似的选择时一定不能违背自己的真实本性和初心, 不能向虚荣低头, 不能选择以物质利益为导向的婚姻。让学生充分意识到物质可供人一时享乐, 满足人们的虚荣心, 但是心灵上缺乏契合、仅仅只是建立在物质基础上的爱情注定是不会幸福的。这样的教学不仅可以发展学生的语言能力、思辨能力, 而且可以培养学生的交流和团队合作能力, 提高人文修养。

三、精神上平等的爱情———超越物质束缚的爱情

在当今开放、多元的现代社会中, 许多大学生受到物质社会的影响要不劳而获, 在经济和精神上都依赖他人, 丧失独立、平等的人格, 甚至沦为他人手中一枚可有可无的棋子。因此, 培养学生追求经济上、精神上平等的爱情是非常必要的。在教学过程中, “教师在注重分析作品内涵与当时社会思想的联系的同时, 还要注意文学文本所蕴涵的人格意识对教育对象施加影响的问题, 深入挖掘这些外国文学经典对今天读者的启发和警世意义, 努力使教学内容和方式接近当今社会实际, 贴近生活, 贴近大学生心理需求”[3]。在教学中可以通过“问题讨论、戏剧仿真、访谈、角色扮演等形式让学生真正进入作品里的世界, 建立跨文化学习情境, 获得个人学习经验。这种将学生学习的经验与文化经验结合, 让学生亲身体会跨文化的经验, 可以说是融合了文化、语言及个人成长三种模式”[4]。

《简·爱》中女主人公积极向上的爱情观就是引导学生树立正确爱情观的典范。英国女作家、文学评论家玛德说:“个性, 坚强, 自由激越的个性乃是书中唯一的但足够的魅力。”女主人公乃是一位出身贫寒、其貌不扬的家庭教师, 但是拥有独立、自由、平等的爱情观。在面对地位悬殊的罗彻斯特先生时她表现得不卑不亢, 保持自己的尊严。在爱情面前她没有退缩, 没有逃避, 而是开诚布公地表达自己对爱情的态度, 因为她相信精神上平等是真爱的基础, 真爱在于心与心的交流。“难道就因为我贫穷、低微、长相平庸、个子矮小, 就没有灵魂, 没有心灵吗?———你想错了?———我和你一样有灵魂, 我的心和你的一样充实……我不是通过习俗、常规, 甚至也不是通过凡人的肉体在和你说话, 而是我的灵魂在和你的灵魂对话, 仿佛我们两人经过了坟墓, 站在上帝脚下, 是平等的———因为我们本来就是平等的”[5]。纯洁、高尚、独立及追求精神上平等的品质使简获得罗彻斯特的爱情, 罗切斯特把她视为一个可以和自己精神上平等交流的人。他们的爱超越了世俗、金钱和地位, 他们遵从了自己的本性选择了和自己真心相爱的人, 双方可以平等地交流。而当她知道罗彻斯特已疯的妻子还活着的时候, 她痛苦万分, “我的爱情消失了, 我的希望破灭了, 我的信心死掉了……这痛苦的时刻不堪描述”[5]。但她没有苛责自己的爱人或是沉沦为他的情妇, 她的道德良知告诉她必须离开, 因此她决然地离开, 走上一条未知的道路。虽然离开了罗彻斯特, 但是她的内心一直都还在爱着他, 并打听着他的信息。当得知罗切斯特家的变故 (庄园被疯妻烧毁, 他本人肢体残疾、双目失明) , 她带着自己从叔叔那里继承的财产毅然地回到了一无所有的爱人身边, 过上了合法、简单的幸福生活。简·爱的独立人格和自尊自爱使她赢得了爱情和幸福。

在《简·爱》的教学中就可以让学生设身处地地站在简的立场想象她的所思所想, 让学生讨论简的爱情观, 再让学生以小组的形式把小说改编为戏剧表演, 表演会使学生更深入地了解简和罗切斯特的精神世界, 了解他们爱情的真谛———两情相悦。在文学教学中要启发学生“让学生从各个层面丰富爱情、理解爱情的真义, 不仅给予学生未来获取幸福爱情的能力, 更重要的是陶冶他们的心灵情操, 提升他们的精神品位, 启发他们一起追问和触摸生命的底蕴, 一起探索和发掘人生的本真, 一起深省与反思人的良知, 引导他们崇真、向善、求美, 形成健康的审美情趣与生活方式, 为他们的人生发展和终身幸福奠定好基础”[3]。让学生通过文学作品的学习, 提高修养, 希望真正寻找到那份至真至纯至美的爱情, 树立正确、积极、健康的爱情观。

四、结语

在外国文学教学中, 教师应努力挖掘外国文学经典爱情故事中正确的爱情观和婚姻观, 在讲授中融入自己的理解, 进行选择性的、针对性的解读, 渗透正确爱情观, 引导大学生正确看待与欣赏爱情, 培养大学生正确的爱情观。爱情是美好的, 但是幸福的爱情应该是建立在相互理解、相互包容、精神上平等、独立的基础之上的, 这样的爱情才会经久不衰, 经受住时空的考验。相反, 仅仅是建立在物质享受基础上的爱情就会犹如昙花一现, 一旦物质消失, 这样的爱情就随之消散。外国文学教师有责任和义务借助文学经典作品引导和帮助学生树立正确的爱情观, 在教学中践行教书与育人的双重职责。

参考文献

[1]苏霍姆林斯基.毕涉芝译.育人三部曲[M].北京:人民教育出版社, 1998.

[2]艾米莉勃朗特.刘颖译.呼啸山庄[M].南宁:接力出版社, 2011.7.

[3]邓桂英.外国文学经典与当代大学生社会主义核心价值观的培育[J].当代教育理论与实践, 2012.10.

[4]彭石玉, 匡曼丽.MI理论与外国文学教学中人文精神的培养[J].武汉工程大学学报, 2008.11.

篇4：《呼啸山庄》片段赏析

《呼啸山庄》是英国女作家勃朗特姐妹之一艾米莉·勃朗特的作品。小说描写吉卜赛弃儿希斯克利夫被山庄老主人收养后，因受辱和恋爱不遂，外出致富，回来后对与其女友凯瑟琳结婚的地主林顿及其子女进行报复的故事。全篇充满强烈的反压迫、争幸福的斗争精神，又始终笼罩着离奇、紧张的浪漫气氛。它开始曾被人看做是年青女作家脱离现实的天真幻想，但结合其所描写地区激烈的阶级斗争和英国的社会现象，它不久便被评论界高度肯定，并受到读者的热烈欢迎。根据这部小说改编的影视作品至今久演不衰。

【节选片段】

Chapter 1

Mr Lockwood visits Wuthering Heights

1801 I have just returned from a visit to my landlord①, Mr Heathcliff. I am delighted with the house I am renting from him. Thrushcross Grange（画眉山庄） is miles away from any town or village. That suits me perfectly. And the scenery here in Yorkshire is so beautiful！

Mr Heathcliff, in fact, is my only neighbour, and I think his character is similar to mine. He does not like people either.

“My name is Lockwood,” I said, when I met him at the gate to his house. “I’m renting Thrushcross Grange from you. I just wanted to come and introduce myself.”

He said nothing, but frowned②, and did not encourage me to enter. After a while, however, he decided to invite me in.

“Joseph, take Mr Lock wood’s horse!” he called. “And bring up some wine from the cellar!” Joseph was a very old servant, with a sour③ expression on his face. He looked crossly up at me as he took my horse.

“God help us! A visitor!” he muttered④ to himself. Perhaps there were no other servants, I thought. And it seemed that Mr Heathcliff hardly ever received guests.

His house is called Wuthering Heights. The name means “a windswept house on a hill”, and it is a very good description. The trees around the house do not grow straight, but are bent by the north wind, which blows over the moors every day of the year. Fortunately, the house is strongly built, and is not damaged even by the worst winter storms. The name “Earn·Shaw” is cut into a stone over the front door.

Mr Heathcliff and I entered the huge main room. It could have been any Yorkshire farmhouse kitchen, except that there was no sign of cooking, and no farmer sitting at the table. Mr Heathcliff certainly does not look like a farmer. His hair and skin are dark, like a gipsy’s, but he has the manners of a gentleman. He could perhaps take more care with his appearance, but he is handsome. I think he is proud, and also unhappy.

We sat down by the fire, in silence.

“Joseph！” shouted Mr Heathcliff. No answer came from the cellar, so he dived⑤ down there, leaving me alone with several rather fierc—looking dogs. Suddenly one of them jumped angrily up at me, and in a moment all the others were attacking me. From every shadowy corner in the great room appeared a growling animal，ready to kill me，it seemed.

Notes:

① landlord房东、店主、地主。如果房东或地主是女性的话，还可以用landlady来突出性别。

② frown 皱眉；表示不喜欢 常与upon/on连用。

③ sour 字面意思是酸的、酸臭的、发酵的，同时还有引申意思为生气的、讨厌的、不高兴的。

④ mutter 自言自语。

⑤ dive 意思是潜水、使下潜、急速下降。

Chapter 2

“Catherine Linton,” it replied. “I’ve come home. I lost my way!” There seemed to be a child’s face looking in at the window.

Terror made me cruel. I rubbed the creature’s tiny wrist against the broken glass so that blood poured down on to the bed. As soon as the cold fingers let go for a moment, I pulled my hand quickly back, put a pile of books in front of the broken window, and tried not to listen to the desperate cries outside.

“Go away!” I called. “I’ll never let you in, not if you go on crying for twenty years!”

“It is almost twenty years!” replied the sad little voice. “I’ve been out here in the dark for nearly twenty years!” The hand started pushing through the window at the pile of books, and I knew it would find me and catch hold of① me again. Unable to move, I stared in horror at the shape behind the glass, and screamed.

There were rapid footsteps outside my bedroom door, and then I saw the light of a candle in the room.

“Is anyone here？”whispered Heathcliff. He could not see me behind the curtains, and clearly did not expect an answer. I knew I could not hide from him, so I opened the curtains wide.

I was surprised by the effect of my action. Heathcliff dropped his candle and stood without moving, his face as white as the wall behind him.He did not seem to recognize me.

“It’s only your guest, Lockwood,” I said. “I’m sorry, I must have had a bad dream and screamed in my sleep.”

“To the devil with you, Mr Lockwood!” growled my landlord. “Who allowed you to sleep in this room? Who was it？”

“It was your housekeeper, Mr Heathcliff,” I said, quickly putting my clothes on. “And I’m angry with her myself！No one can sleep in a room full of ghosts!”

“What do you mean？” asked Heathcliff, looking suddenly very interested. “Ghosts, you say？”

“That little girl, Catherine Linton, or Earnshaw, or whatever her name was, must have been wicked②!She told me she had been a ghost for nearly twenty years. It was probably a punishment for her wickedness!”

“How dare you speak of③ her to me？” cried Heathcliff wildly. But as I described my dream, he became calmer, and sat down on the bed, trembling as he tried to control his feelings.

Notes:

① catch hold of 的字面意思是抓住、控制，同时也引申为理解、掌握。

② wicked 邪恶的、不道德的、讨厌的，是个贬义词，也可用以指恶人。

篇5：呼啸山庄作品赏析

Wuthering Heights transcends its genre in its sophisticated observation and artistic subtlety.The novel has been studied, analyzed, dissected, and discussed from every imaginable critical perspective, yet it remains unexhausted.And while the novel’s symbolism, themes, structure, and language may all spark fertile exploration, the bulk of its popularity may rest on its unforgettable characters.As a shattering presentation of the doomed love affair between the fiercely passionate Catherine and Heathcliff, it remains one of the most haunting love stories in all of literature.Today, Wuthering Heights has a secure position in the canon of world literature, and Emily Brontë is revered as one of the finest writers—male or female—of the nineteenth century.Like Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights is based partly on the Gothic tradition of the late eighteenth century, a style of literature that featured supernatural encounters, crumbling ruins, moonless nights, and grotesque imagery, seeking to create effects of mystery and fear.But Wuthering Heights transcends its genre in its sophisticated observation and artistic subtlety.The novel has been studied, analyzed, dissected, and discussed from every imaginable critical perspective, yet it remains unexhausted.And while the novel’s symbolism, themes, structure, and language may all spark fertile exploration, the bulk of its popularity may rest on its unforgettable characters.As a shattering presentation of the doomed love affair between the fiercely passionate Catherine and Heathcliff, it remains one of the most haunting love stories in all of literature.Analysis of Major Characters Heathcliff Wuthering Heights centers around the story of Heathcliff.The first paragraph of the novel provides a vivid physical picture of him, as Lockwood describes how his “black eyes” withdraw suspiciously under his brows at Lockwood’s approach.Nelly’s story begins with his introduction into the Earnshaw family, his vengeful machinations drive the entire plot, and his death ends the book.The desire to understand him and his motivations has kept countless readers engaged in the novel.Heathcliff, however, defies being understood, and it is difficult for readers to resist seeing what they want or expect to see in him.The novel teases the reader with the possibility that Heathcliff is something other than what he seems—that his cruelty is merely an expression of his frustrated love for Catherine, or that his sinister behaviors serve to conceal the heart of a romantic hero.We expect Heathcliff’s character to contain such a hidden virtue because he resembles a hero in a romance novel.Traditionally, romance novel heroes appear dangerous, brooding, and cold at first, only later to emerge as fiercely devoted and loving.One hundred years before Emily Brontë wrote Wuthering Heights, the notion that “a reformed rake makes the best husband” was already a cliché of romantic literature, and romance novels center around the same cliché to this day.However, Heathcliff does not reform, and his malevolence proves so great and long-lasting that it cannot be adequately explained even as a desire for revenge against Hindley, Catherine, Edgar, etc.As he himself points out, his abuse of Isabella is purely sadistic, as he amuses himself by seeing how much abuse she can take and still come cringing back for more.Critic Joyce Carol Oates argues that Emily Brontë does the same thing to the reader that Heathcliff does to Isabella, testing to see how many times the reader can be shocked by Heathcliff’s gratuitous violence and still, masochistically, insist on seeing him as a romantic hero.呼啸山庄

It is significant that Heathcliff begins his life as a homeless orphan on the streets of Liverpool.When Brontë composed her book, in the 1840s, the English economy was severely depressed, and the conditions of the factory workers in industrial areas like Liverpool were so appalling that the upper and middle classes feared violent revolt.Thus, many of the more affluent members of society beheld these workers with a mixture of sympathy and fear.In literature, the smoky, threatening, miserable factory-towns were often represented in religious terms, and compared to hell.The poet William Blake, writing near the turn of the nineteenth century, speaks of England’s “dark Satanic Mills.” Heathcliff, of course, is frequently compared to a demon by the other characters in the book.Considering this historical context, Heathcliff seems to embody the anxieties that the book’s upper-and middle-class audience had about the working classes.The reader may easily sympathize with him when he is powerless, as a child tyrannized by Hindley Earnshaw, but he becomes a villain when he acquires power and returns to Wuthering Heights with money and the trappings of a gentleman.This corresponds with the ambivalence the upper classes felt toward the lower classes—the upper classes had charitable impulses toward lower-class citizens when they were miserable, but feared the prospect of the lower classes trying to escape their miserable circumstances by acquiring political, social, cultural, or economic power.Catherine The location of Catherine’s coffin symbolizes the conflict that tears apart her short life.She is not buried in the chapel with the Lintons.Nor is her coffin placed among the tombs of the Earnshaws.Instead, as Nelly describes in Chapter XVI, Catherine is buried “in a corner of the kirkyard, where the wall is so low that heath and bilberry plants have climbed over it from the moor.” Moreover, she is buried with Edgar on one side and Heathcliff on the other, suggesting her conflicted loyalties.Her actions are driven in part by her social ambitions, which initially are awakened during her first stay at the Lintons’, and which eventually compel her to marry Edgar.However, she is also motivated by impulses that prompt her to violate social conventions—to love Heathcliff, throw temper tantrums, and run around on the moor.Edgar Just as Isabella Linton serves as Catherine’s foil, Edgar Linton serves as Heathcliff’s.Edgar is born and raised a gentleman.He is graceful, well-mannered, and instilled with civilized virtues.These qualities cause Catherine to choose Edgar over Heathcliff and thus to initiate the contention between the men.Nevertheless, Edgar’s gentlemanly qualities ultimately prove useless in his ensuing rivalry with Heathcliff.Edgar is particularly humiliated by his confrontation with Heathcliff in Chapter XI, in which he openly shows his fear of fighting Heathcliff.Catherine, having witnessed the scene, taunts him, saying, “Heathcliff would as soon lift a finger at you as the king would march his army against a colony of mice.” As the reader can see from the earliest descriptions of Edgar as a spoiled child, his refinement is tied to his helplessness and impotence.Charlotte Brontë, in her preface to the 1850 edition of Wuthering Heights, refers to Edgar as “an example of constancy and tenderness,” and goes on to suggest that her sister Emily was using Edgar to point out that such characteristics constitute true virtues in all human beings, and not just in women, as society tended to believe.However, Charlotte’s reading seems influenced by her own feminist agenda.Edgar’s inability to counter Heathcliff’s vengeance, and his naïve belief on his deathbed in his daughter’s safety and happiness, make him a weak, if sympathetic, character

Themes, Motifs

Themes Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work.Moreover, Catherine and Heathcliff’s love is based on their shared perception that they are identical.Catherine declares, famously, “I am Heathcliff,” while Heathcliff, upon Catherine’s death, wails that he cannot live without his “soul,” meaning Catherine.Their love denies difference, and is strangely asexual.The two do not kiss in dark corners or arrange secret trysts, as adulterers do.Given that Catherine and Heathcliff’s love is based upon their refusal to change over time or embrace difference in others, it is fitting that the disastrous problems of their generation are overcome not by some climactic reversal, but simply by the inexorable passage of time, and the rise of a new and distinct generation.Ultimately, Wuthering Heights presents a vision of life as a process of change, and celebrates this process over and against the romantic intensity of its principal

呼啸山庄

篇6：呼啸山庄读书心得

希斯克厉夫 因为爱的挫折变得凶残，心狠手辣。后来他为了仇恨去折磨和坑害亨德莱，用不正当的手段得到呼啸山庄，他利用自己的儿子和小凯瑟琳的爱情去争夺埃德加的财产，他被金钱的仇恨冲昏了头脑，他自私自利，不顾他人。虽然他很爱凯瑟琳，但是他的爱回让人觉得很累，他与埃德加的方式完全不同。因为他的嫉妒和冷漠，他终究还是失去了凯瑟琳，永远永远……

在这本书中亨德莱和埃德加是一对鲜明的对比。他们两人同样都失去了最爱的妻子，亨德莱是在痛苦中堕落，但是埃德加却把更多的爱给了自己的女儿。亨德莱认为是他的儿子哈里顿导致妻子的死去，他讨厌哈里顿，虐待他，可是这个年幼的孩子有什么错呢?在他的这种不正当并且极为不正常的教育下，哈里顿的性格和脾气有了很大的改变，脾气变得很坏。也许他会后悔，但是堕落和痛苦使他丧失人性，愧疚只是一时的，正如清醒是一时的。埃德加先生是一位绅士，他把对妻子的爱加倍倾注在了女儿的身上，女儿是凯瑟琳留给他的珍宝，所以他加倍珍惜。在有生之年，他想尽最大的努力给女儿找到好的归宿，但是他也想遵从女儿自己的意愿，他为了孩子可以把自己的田庄拱手相让，可是一切都是希斯克里夫的圈套……面对失去亲人的痛苦两个人选择了截然不同的心态，消极的心态只会让事情愈演愈烈，变得更加糟糕;相反，好的心态可以使人从痛苦和悲伤中更快的走出，也可以给爱自己的和自己爱的人带来幸福!

凯瑟琳小的时候给希斯克里夫带来了很大的温暖，他们一起学习，一起玩耍。凯瑟琳不嫌弃希斯克里夫是捡来的孩子，当别人欺负希斯克里夫的时候她可以义无反顾的站出来保护他，他们从小就买下了爱情的种子，可是自从凯瑟琳去了一次画眉山庄，她就好像换了个人一样，她开始爱慕珠宝的衣服，变得虚荣可怕，他想在埃德加面前展示出淑女的一面，她甚至因为埃德加的家世背景动摇过对希斯克里夫的爱。人性本善，可是金钱和权利改变了人们善良的本质，在这个被金钱操纵的世界里，希望我们都可以尽力保持善良的本性!

在故事的最后，作者给我们留下了一个美好的结局，哈里顿的小凯瑟琳找到了真正的幸福，凯茜用自己的温柔体贴、耐心善良让顽劣的哈里顿变得柔情似水，他们用爱感化了彼此，找到了归宿。

“望着飞蛾在楠树丛中和吊钟柳中扑闪着翼翅，倾听着柔风在草上飘过的呼吸声，我相信在一片安静的土地下面，三个有过爱情纠葛的人回得到永久的安眠。“