新视野读写教程教案

2024-04-12

新视野读写教程教案（通用6篇）

篇1：新视野读写教程教案

Unit 1, Book One

Section A: Toward a brighter future for all Teaching Objectives: To know the meaning and usage of some important words, phrases and patterns To study Passage A and understand the main idea of the text

To understand the structure of the text and the devices for developing it To talk about college education

Teaching Procedures: Pre-reading Activities

Step 1.Greetings Greet the whole class warmly.Step 2.Lead-in and preparation for reading Let them talk to each other about the following questions: 1.What is the ideal university like in your eyes? 2.What are your expectations of your college life? 3.What advice did your parents give you before you left for college? Step 3.Fast reading Ask the Students to read the passage as quickly as they can and then answer the questions on the screen.Let them get the main idea of each paragraph and make clear about the text structure.Text structure:(structured writing)The passage can be divided into 3 parts.Part1(para.1-3)Opening part of the welcome speech Part 2(para.4-7)Making the best of what you have.Challenging yourself.Facing new experiences.Opportunities and responsibilities.Part 3(Para.8)Concluding remarks of the welcome speech.Purpose: Improve the students’ reading and writing ability and understand the general idea of each paragraph.Method: Read the text individually and talk in groups;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical

response method.Step 4.Preparation for details of the text on the screen Students are required to look at the Words and Phrases on the screen and give a brief presentation in class.Words and Phrases:

Purpose: Train the Students’ ability of understanding and using foreign language.Method: Talk in groups, Use task-based language teaching method, communicative approach and total physical response method.1.(Para.1)pledge to do sth.作保证，承诺

China and the United states pledge to boost cooperation and exchange to ensure a better future for China-US ties.中美政府承诺将加强合作与交流以确保两国关系的未来更加美好。2.(Para.2)remind sb.of sb./sth.1)make sb.remember sb.that they know or sth.that happened in the past.使某人想起某人某事

The song always reminds me of our holiday in Mexico.那首歌总让我想起我们在墨西哥的那次假期。

2）be very similar to sb.or sth.else 是某人想起（相似的）人或事 Nancy was tall and slim, and reminded me of my cousin Sarah.3.(Para.2)reminder: n.[C] sth.that makes you notice, remember, or think about sth.起提醒作用的东西

The cold served as a reminder that winter wasn’t quite finished.寒冷的天气提醒人们冬天还没有过去。

4.(Para.3)attain： vt.（fml.）succeed in achieving sth.after trying for a long time.得到；获得；赢得

Not all athletes attain this standard of physical fitness.并非所有的运动员都能达到这种身体素质水平。

5.(Para.3)foundation：n.[ C] the most basic part of sth.from which the rest of it develops 基础

The course gives students a solid foundation in English writing skills.这门课为学生的英语写作能力打下了坚实的基础。

6.(Para.4)facility： n.(~ies)[pl.] rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose（为某种目的而提供的）设施，设备

The hotel has an indoor swimming pool and other leisure facilities.这家宾馆有室内游泳池和其他休闲设施。

7.(Para.4)fascinating：a.making you very interested attracted 吸引人的；迷人的；使人神魂颠倒的

He is such a great writer that his stories are always fascinating.他是个了不起的作家，他写的故事总是引人入胜。8.(Para.4)make the most of充分利用

This article introduces 7 tips for making the most of your iPhone5S.这篇文章向你介绍iPhone5S手机的7个使用小窍门。9.(Para.4)reap the benefits 受益，得享好处

Keep on reading extensively, and you will reap the benefits sooner or later.继续广泛阅读，你会受益的。

10.(Para.5)feel overwhelmed by.不知所措

Nowadays, many young people feel overwhelmed by the fierce competition in the job market.现如今，激烈的竞争让许多年轻人不知所措。

11.(Para.5)assume: vt.Think that sth.is true, although you do not have definite proof 假定；假设；认为

I assume that every college student has access to the Internet.我以为每个大学生都可以使用互联网。12.(Para.5)stand a chance of 有机会，有希望

Animals stand little chance of survival under such extreme weather.在这种极端天气下动物很难存活。

13.(Para.5)unsuspected: a.existing without your knowledge 未知的；未被想到的 14.take pleasure in doing sth.乐于做某事

He always takes great pleasure in lending a helping hand to people around him.他总是乐于向周围的人伸出援助之手。

15.open the door to sth.打开方便之门

These useful suggestions open the door to better communication with your parents.这些实用的建议为你更好地与父母交流敞开方便之门。Step 5: While-reading Activities Language Points: 1.Your achievement is the triumph of years of hard work, both of your own and of your parents and teachers.(Para.1)Meaning: Your entering this university is an important success.This success is due to many years of your hard work, and many years of your parents’ and teachers’ hard work.2.In welcoming you to the university, I am reminded of my own high school graduation and the photograph my mom took of my dad and me.(Para.2)Meaning: When I am welcoming you to this university, something I remember is my own high school graduation and the photo my mom took of my dad and me.3.But know this：The future is built on a strong foundation of the past.(Para.3)Meaning: But you should know that your future success can only be attained when it is built on a solid past.4.For you, these next four years will be a time unlike any other.(Para.4)Meaning: For you, the next four years in university will be different from any other period of time in your life.5.You may feel overwhelmed by the wealth of courses available to you.(Para.5)Meaning: When facing the large number of courses that you can take at college, you may not know how to choose.6.You will not be able to experience them all, but sample them widely!(Para.5)Meaning: You will not be able to take all the courses, but try as many different courses as possible to see what they are like.7.So, with a glow in your eye and a song in your heart, step forward to meet these new experiences!(Para.6)

Meaning: Therefore, with the excitement and enthusiasm that I know you must have in your heart, I encourage you to go forward from here and face this new part of your life!8.A wise man said: “Education is simply the soul of a society as it passes from one generation to another.”(Para.7)

Meaning: A wise man said that education is truly the spirit and heart of a society because it passes from generation to generation.9.Now it is your turn.(Para.7)Meaning: Now it is time for you to acquire knowledge and pass it on.10.We take great pleasure in opening the door to this great step in your journey.We take delight in the many opportunities which you will find, and in the responsibilities that you will carry as citizens of your communities, your country, and the world.(Para.8)Meaning: We are very happy to open the door to this next great step in your journey.We are delighted that you will find many different opportunities and many responsibilities, which you will shoulder as citizens of your communities, your country, and the world.Step 6: Typical patterns: Purpose: Further understand the text（Train further reading ability）to find out some difficult sentences and details of the text.Method: Read the text together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach, grammar-translation approach and total physical response method.Typical patterns：.As president of the university, I am proud to welcome you to this university.作为校长，我非常自豪地欢迎你们来到这所大学。

As …, sb.is proud /happy/ sorry /sad… to do sth.用于表达“某人在特定身份下做某事的感受”。

应用：作为一名来自灾区的学生代表，我非常感激社会各界对我们的关爱与帮助！

As a student representative from the disaster-hit area, I’m very grateful to the people of all walks of life for their care and help!2.In welcoming you to the university, I am reminded of my own high school graduation and the photograph my mom took of my dad and me.在欢迎你们到来的这一刻，我想起自己高中毕业时的情景，还有妈妈为我和爸爸拍的合影。

In doing sth, sb.is reminded of sth.用于表达“某事引起的回忆”。

应用：第一次给这么多人做演讲时，我想起我的英语老师给我的鼓励和建议。In making my speech in front of a large audience, I’m reminded of the encouragement and advice from my English teacher.3.If I could give you only one piece of advice about selecting courses, it would be this: Challenge yourself!如果我只能给你们一条选课建议的话，那就是：挑战自己！

If sb.could give sb.else only one piece of advice about…, it would be this: Do sth.!用于表达“某人认定的最为重要的建议”。

应用：如果让我给你一条如何应对大学挑战的建议，那就是：相信自己！If I could give you only one piece of advice about how to cope with the college challenges, it would be this: Believe in yourself!

4.A wonderful example of this is the fashion designer, Vera Wang, who originally studied art history.A wonderful example of this is sb.who…/ sth.that…用于列举“最典型的事例”。

应用：有些人没有大学文凭也获得了成功。一个绝佳的例子就是微软公司创始人比尔•盖茨，他在大三时就从哈佛退学了。

Some people achieved great success even though they did not have college diplomas.A wonderful example of this is the founder of Microsoft, Bill Gates, who dropped out of Harvard in his junior year.Step7.Consolidation Retell the passage according to the topic sentences.Purpose: To know if the students understand the whole text.At the same time, To show the text structure on the screen, so that they can retell it easily.Method: Read the text structure together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 8.Discussion 1.Do you think a university education can change a person’s life? In what way and why?

2.How do you think of those successful people such as Bill Gates who dropped out of university? 3.What are you going to do at university in order to sample widely and

challenge yourself? Step 9.Assignments Review the key points of Section A;Finish the exercises after class;Finish online homework;Preview Section B.Writing Topic: Suppose, as an freshman, you are expected to give a speech to your teachers and classmate.You can follow the outline given below.Part I Opening part of the speech

1.Your gratitude to your teachers and parents;2.Your feelings and impressions about the university;3.Your expectation of the future.Part II Your understanding of the university 1.School motto and your interpretation;2.Campus facility, e.g.the library, and learning atmosphere;3.Courses and other social activities;4.Teachers and classmates.Part III Conclusion 1.Opportunities and challenges;2.Your plans and determination for the future.Unit 2, Book One

Section A: Loving parents, loving children Teaching Objectives: To talk about the love between the parents and children To understand the love between the mother and the daughter in the text To apply the phrases and patterns To write an essay creatively based on the understanding of the text

Teaching Procedures: Pre-reading Activities

Step 1.Greetings Greet the whole class warmly.Step 2.Lead-in and preparation for reading Let them have a survey Survey: How close are you and your parents? Check(√)the statements which are true for you. I have been missing my parents a lot since I left for college.

I often chat with my parents.

I like sharing my joys and sorrows with my parents.

I always remember my parents’ birthdays.

I know about my parents’ hobbies.

My parents allow me to make my own decisions.Ask a question: To what extent are you close to your parents? be like friends;never keep secret from them;ask them for advice;give me directions about life … Step 3.Fast reading Ask the Students to read the passage as quickly as they can and then answer the questions on the screen.Let them get the main idea of each paragraph and make clear about the text structure.Text structure:(structured writing)The passage can be divided into 3 parts.Part1(para.1-4)Opening part of the welcome speechGeneral situation & my responses.Part 2(para.5-12)The mess left in my daughter’s bathroom and my responses.Part 3(Para.13-22)Concluding part: The changes of my attitude.Purpose: Improve the students’ reading and writing ability and understand the general idea of each paragraph.Method: Read the text individually and talk in groups;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 4.Preparation for details of the text on the screen Students are required to look at the Words and Phrases on the screen and give a brief presentation in class.Words and Phrases:

With blood pouring from his leg, he made it to a nearby house.他腿上流着血，支撑着走到附近的一所房子。2.(Para.1)(be)free of/from 免于„„

Ironically, almost all manufacturers claim that their drinks are free of artificial colorings.具有讽刺意味的是，几乎所有的生产商都声称他们的饮料不含人工色素。3.(Para.5)embarrassment: n.1)[C] sb.or sth.that causes problems or makes you feel ashamed 让人难堪的人；使人为难的事

He is such an embarrassment to his family.他让她的家人感到非常难堪。2）[U] a feeling of being nervous or shamed because of what people know or think about you 尴尬；难堪；窘迫

To her terrible embarrassment, there were many people around when one of her high heels broke off.她一只高跟鞋的鞋跟断了，当时周围有许多人，这让她很尴尬。4.(Para.5)mismatched: a.not matched or not suitably matched 不配对的I wonder why my younger sister loves wearing mismatched socks.我真不明白，为什么我妹妹喜欢穿不配对的袜子。

5.(Para.6)catch oneself doing sth.: suddenly realize one is doing sth.突然意识到自己在做某事

One day I caught myself smiling for no reason;then I realized I was thinking of you.有一天我忽然发觉自己正无缘无故地微笑，随后我意识到我那时想到了你。6.(Para.6)admire : vt.Look at sth.and think how beautiful or impressive it is 欣赏；观赏

They stopped at the top of the hill to admire the scenery.他们在山顶上停下来欣赏风景。7.(Para.7)stuff: Vt.1)push or put sth.into a small space, esp.in a quick careless way 填；塞

Don’t stuff anything else in the bag, or it will burst.不要再往袋子里塞东西了，不然袋子就要撑破了。

2)fill sth.until it is full 填满；装满

Volunteers were busy stuffing envelopes.志愿者们正忙着填装信封。N.[U] a variety of objects or things 各种物品

I don’t know how we’re going to get all this stuff into the car.8.(Para.9)curler: n.[C] a small plastic or metal tube used for making hair curl 卷发夹

Hair curlers can give you a great curly look.卷发器可以给你一个漂亮的卷发造型。

9.(Para.10)earn sb.sth.: get sth.as a result of sb.’s efforts or behavior 博得；赢得；获得

Mother Teresa earned herself worldwide fame by her untiring work for the poor.特蕾莎修女为穷人孜孜不倦地工作，因而举世闻名。10.(Para.11)strip off剥去；除去

It took me several hours to strip off that awful wallpaper from the walls.我花了好几个钟头终于把那些难看的墙纸从墙上揭了下来。

11.(Para.13)ever single: used to emphasize that you are talking about every person or thing 每一个（用于强调）

You don’t need to write down every single word I say.你不必把我说得每一个字都记下来。

14.(Para.16)reverse oneself /one’s mind改变态度/主意

They had originally planned to sell their house and move into an apartment, but later they reversed their mind.起初他们打算把房子卖掉，搬到公寓去住，但是后来改变了主意。15.(Para.21)straighten up把„„弄整洁;直起身

As usual, she helped her mother clear away the dishes and straighten up the room after dinner.跟平时一样，吃完饭她帮助妈妈清理碗碟，把屋子收拾整洁。16.(Para.21)keep back抑制（感情）；阻止

When she heard that her mom was seriously ill, she could hardly keep back her tears.听到妈妈病得很重，她忍不住流下了眼泪。17.(Para.22)with open arms热烈地

When the volunteers went to visit the children in the mountainous areas, they were greeted by the children with open arms.志愿者们去山区看望孩子们时，受到了孩子们的热情欢迎。Step 5: While-reading Activities Language Points: 1.It’s because of me, I think.She bought it to show me that she could.(Para.1)Meaning: Here the mother tries to show that the daughter, eager to be independent, is purposefully acting against her wishes.2.Eye shadow, face cream, nail polish-all go into the trash.(Para.5)Meaning: Eye shadow, face cream, nail polish are all put into the garbage bag.3.I dump drawers,…(Para.5)

Meaning: I get rid of the things in the drawers.4.I want to be practical, to stuff them in paper sacks for the used bookstore.(Para.7)Meaning: I want to deal with the books in a practical way: to put them in paper bags

and take them to a bookstore which sells used books.5.I go for her clothes.(Para.8)Meaning: I go to deal with her clothes.6.The job grows larger the longer I am at it.(Para.9)Meaning: The longer I am dealing with the clutter in the room, the more work there seems to be.7.I stuff the garbage bags until the plastic strains.(Para.10)

Meaning: I put as many things as possible into the garbage bags until the bags are about to burst.8.She left the bedroom a ridiculous mess, the comforter on the floor, the sheets tossed aside.(Para.11)Meaning: Her room is extremely untidy: The quilt is dropped on the floor, and the sheets are thrown to one side.9.There are comics clipped from newspapers and magazines.(Para.13)Meaning: There are comics that were cut from newspapers and magazines.10.I reverse myself and bring back the garbage bags from the car and the curb.(Para.16)Meaning: I change my mind and bring back the garbage bags I have put in the car and at the curb.Step 6: Typical patterns: Purpose: Further understand the text（Train further reading ability）to find out some difficult sentences and details of the text.Method: Read the text together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach, grammar-translation approach and total physical response method.Typical patterns：

1.I catch myself reading through poems and essays, admiring high scores on tests and reading her name, ….（L2, Para.6）

我发现自己竟然在翻看她的诗歌和作文，欣赏着考卷上的高分，端详着她的名字„„

Sb.catch oneself doing sth.用于表达“突然意识到自己在做某事”。

应用：当突然意识到自己犯了和他一样的错误时，她羞得满脸通红。When she caught herself making the same mistake as he did, she blushed.2.The job grows larger the longer I am at it.(L2, Para.9)我越理，要理的东西就越多。The more …, the more ….用于表达“越„„ 越„„”。

应用：读这本书越久，就越能领会其韵律和情感。

The longer you read this book, the more you get into its rhythm and mood.3.Tokens of her childhood will await her.So will we, with open arms.(L2, Para.22)家里有她童年的纪念品在等着她。我们也在等着她，在张开双臂等她回来。sb.do sth.So/Neither/Nor will/do/does/did sb.else.用于表达“同样的情况也适用于其他人”。

应用：那次事故之后他父亲对他不报太高的期望了，他母亲也一样。

His father didn’t have great hope for him after that accident.Nor did his mother.Step7.Consolidation Retell the passage according to the topic sentences.Purpose: To know if the students understand the whole text.At the same time, To show the text structure on the screen, so that they can retell it easily.Method: Read the text structure together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 8.Discussion 1.If you were the daughter, what response would you have when you read the article? 2.Some young people refuse to take their parents’ advice or even do the opposite as they think they are adults.How do you think about it?

3.Some say a good relationship starts with good communication.What can you do to strengthen communication with your parents? Step 9.Assignments Review the key points of Section A;Finish the exercises after class;Finish online homework;Preview Section B.Write an essay on the following topic.Suppose you were the daughter in the text who was to leave home for college.Write an essay titled “A baby no more, an adult already” illustrating the change of your emotion on the way striving for independence.You may apply as many expressions from the text as possible to your writing.Unit 3, Book One

Section A: College life in the Internet age Teaching Objectives: To talk about digital education To further understand the text To apply the phrases and patterns To master the paragraph writing skill Teaching Procedures: Pre-reading Activities

Step 1.Greetings Greet the whole class warmly.Step 2.Lead-in and preparation for reading Look at 3 pictures and answer the questions based on these pictures.1.What are the advantages and disadvantages of each way of teaching and learning? 2.Which way do you prefer? Give your reasons.3.Do you think the Internet is indispensable in teaching and learning nowadays? Why or why not? Step 3.Fast reading Ask the Students to read the passage as quickly as they can and then answer the questions on the screen.Let them get the main idea of each paragraph and make clear about the text structure.Text structure:(structured writing)The passage can be divided into 4 parts.Part1(para.1)Introduction Part 2(para.2-6)How the transformation influences student’s campus life Part 3(Para.7-11)How the transformation influences college Part 4(Para.12)Conclusion Purpose: Improve the students’ reading and writing ability and understand the general idea of each paragraph.Method: Read the text individually and talk in groups;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 4.Preparation for details of the text on the screen Students are required to look at the Words and Phrases on the screen and give a brief presentation in class.Words and Phrases:

Access to up-to-date information is essential to our research.利用最新信息对我们的研究至关重要。

2.(Para.2)instant-message: v.exchange written messages over the Internet with people what you know 发送即时消息

She doesn’t like instant-messaging.When she has something to say, she will make a phone call.他不喜欢发即时消息。有话要说时，她就打电话。3.(Para.3)accessible： a.easy to obtain or use 易得到的；易使用的

He has made some attempts to make opera accessible to a wider public.他做了一些尝试，想让歌剧能有更多的受众。

4.(Para.5)add to sth.: make a feeling or quality stronger and more noticeable 增加；增添

Her rejection of our request has added to the uncertainty of the situation.她拒绝了我们的要求，这使得形势更加不确定。

5.(Para.6)indispensable: a.difficult or impossible to exist or do sth.without 不可缺少的；必不可少的

Good dictionaries are indispensable in English learning.对英语学习来说，好词典是必不可少的。

6.(Para.6)visit with sb.: talk socially with sb.叙谈；闲谈 He is so busy that he hardly has time to visit with his friends.他忙得几乎没时间和朋友聊天。7.(Para.7)take the lead树立榜样，带头

The chairman always takes the lead in everything and is deeply trusted by the

masses.主席做事总是一马当先，深受广大群众信任。8.(Para.7)account for解释，说明，引起

Many countries are trying to find out what accounts for the disappearance of MH370 airplane.很多国家都在尽力弄清楚MH370失踪的原因。

9.(Para.7)bank balance: n.[C] the amount of money sb.has in their bank account 账户余额；银行存款余额

I check my bank balance about once a month.我大约每个月查一下我的账户余额。

10.(Para.8)inferior差的，次的

It is stupid to think that women are inferior in intelligence to men.认为女性的智力低于男性的想法是愚蠢的。11.(Para.9)focus on（把„„）集中（于）

Millions of people focus their attention on commodities which are good in quality and low in price.优质价廉的商品令万众瞩目。

12.(Para.9)wired: a.connected to, and able to use the Internet（指计算机系统)联网的，连线的

Many colleges now have high-tech libraries and wired dormitories.许多大学现在都有高科技图书馆和联网的宿舍。

13.(Para.9)keep up with.①跟上；保持同步；②和（朋友）保持联系 Young people now have more and more means to keep up with their friends.现在的年轻人可以通过更多的方式和朋友们保持联系。14.(Para.10)stand out ①出色；②显眼；突出

Her long, blonde hair and bright pink dress made her stand out in the crowd.她那长长的金发和鲜亮的粉色裙子使她在人群中显得很突出。15.replace with用„„替换, 以„„接替

Many people believe that it will be a matter of time before they completely replace cash with credit cards.很多人相信信用卡替代现金只是个时间问题。

16.(Para.12)in large part: mostly, or in most places 多半；在很大程度上；大多数地方

The state is becoming stronger, thanks in large part to the emergency measures taken to guard against economic collapse.这个国家正在变得日益强大，这主要归功于采取了预防经济崩溃的紧急措施。Step 5: While-reading Activities Language Points: 1.In her dorm, she instant-messages her roommate sitting just a few feet away.(Para.2)Meaning: In her dorm room, she even sends instant messages to her roommate, who is sitting only a few feet away from her.2.“ I always feel like I have a means of communication-in class and out of class,” says engineering major.(Para.4)Meaning: “I always have the feeling that I have a way to communicate with others, whether in class or out of class,” says a student majoring in engineering.3.“It’s adding to students’ sense of excitement about the subject.”(Para.5)Meaning: “It makes students feel more excited about the subject.”

4.Professors have been encouraged to tape their lectures and post them online.(Para.5)Meaning: Professors have been encouraged to record their lectures and put them online.5.More than just toys, thes instruments are powerful tools for the storage and management of virtually every kind of information.(Para.6)Meaning: These instruments are not just toys.They are powerful tools to store and deal with almost any kind of information.6.In the past few years, schools have taken the lead by turning their campuses into bubbles of Wi-Fi networks.(Para.7)Meaning: In the past few years, school have been the first to transform their campuses into places connected with Wi-Fi networks.7.Other colleges are straining to stand out from their peers(Para.10)

Meaning: Other colleges are trying very hard to do better than their fellow colleges.8.For those who prefer to travel laptop-free, colleges supply several computer labs.(Para.11)

Meaning: For those students who do not like to take a laptop with them, colleges provide several computer labs for them.9.The anywhere-anytime access has already yielded amazing benefits in education.(Para.12)Meaning: The fact that the Internet is available anywhere and anytime on campus has produced surprising benefits in education.Step 6: Typical patterns: Purpose: Further understand the text（Train further reading ability）to find out some difficult sentences and details of the text.Method: Read the text together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach, grammar-translation approach and total physical response method.Typical patterns：

1.The college campus, long a place of scholarship and frontiers of new technology, is being transformed into a new age of electronics by a fleet of laptops, smartphones and connectivity 24 hours a day.大学校园长久以来都是学术之地，也是新技术的前沿。现在随着手提电脑和智能手机的大量出现，加上每天24小时不间断的网络连接，大学校园正在转而进入电子设备的新时代。

sth., long a … of …, is being transformed into …, and …用于形容“某物的变化”。

应用: 太空长久以来都是一个充满神秘色彩的地域，现在随着尖端技术和先进材料的大量出现，加上专业的宇航员，太空已经正在转为人类探索活动的战场。

The space, long a place of mystery, is being transformed into a battlefield of human exploration by a fleet of top technology, advanced material and professional astronauts.2.In fact, a recent study in the US found that information technology accounted for 5% to 8% of college budgets, up from an estimated 2% to 3% in the mid-1980s.事实上，美国最近的一项研究发现，信息技术的投入占高校预算的5%-8%，比20世纪80年代中期约2%-3%的投入有所增加。

A recent study/ research/ experiment found/ discovered/ indicated that … 用于表达“某些研究、实验等所发现的结果”。

应用：最近的一项研究发现，与动物进行积极的互动能降低一个人的血压。A recent research discovered that interacting with animals in an active way may lower a person’s blood pressure.3.With the widespread application of laptops and computer science, we are going to produce a generation of problem-solvers and intelligent thinkers, which is indispensable for the future of the world.随着计算机技术的广泛应用，我们将培养出善于解决问题和善于思考的一代人，这对于世界的未来是至关重要的。

With the widespread application of …/With the fast/rapid development of …用于表达“某事或某物的发展或应用”。

应用：随着互联网的迅猛发展和广泛应用，网络信息安全问题变得越来越严峻。

With the rapid development and widespread application of Internet, the seriousness of Internet information security is on the rise.Step7.Consolidation Retell the passage according to the topic sentences.Purpose: To know if the students understand the whole text.At the same time, To show the text structure on the screen, so that they can retell it easily.Method: Read the text structure together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 8.Discussion 1.Do you think the university should provide Internet access anywhere and anytime on campus? Why or why not? 2.Some people predict that in the future students will learn only at home by attending online courses.How do you like this idea? 3.What would life be like without the Internet or smartphones? Step 9.Assignments Review the key points of Section A;Finish the exercises after class;Finish online homework;Preview Section B.Writing Topic: Popularity of e-books or Peer pressure in college

Unit 4, Book One

Section A: Heroes among us Teaching Objectives: To talk about heroism To understand the text fully To apply the phrases and patterns To master the paragraph writing skill Teaching Procedures: Pre-reading Activities

Step 1.Greetings Greet the whole class warmly.Step 2.Lead-in and preparation for reading Let them talk to each other about the following questions: 1.Who is the greatest hero in your mind? And Why? 2.What makes a hero in your eyes? Step 3.Fast reading Ask the Students to read the passage as quickly as they can and then answer the questions on the screen.Let them get the main idea of each paragraph and make clear about the text structure.Text structure:(structured writing)The passage can be divided into 4 parts.Part1(para.1)

Question Part 2(para.2-4)

Example 1(civilian heroes)Part 3(Para.5-12)Example 2(First responder heroes)Part 4(Para.13)

Conclusion

Purpose: Improve the students’ reading and writing ability and understand the general idea of each paragraph.Method: Read the text individually and talk in groups;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 4.Preparation for details of the text on the screen Students are required to look at the Words and Phrases on the screen and give a brief presentation in class.Words and Phrases:

You can apply pressure on the injury to make the blood bleed slower.你可以按压伤口让血流的慢些。

2.(Para.3)shield sb.from sth.使„ „免受„ „

It is the duty of servicemen to shield their country from invasion.保护祖国不受侵略是军人的职责。

3.(Para.3)remarkable: a.unusual or surprising and therefore deserving attention or praise 非凡的；不寻常的；显著的

It is that kind of courage and determination that make him a most remarkable person.正是那种勇气和觉醒使他成为一个非凡的人。4.(Para.4)be/get caught up in被卷入；陷入

The safety of those students caught up in the demonstration must be guaranteed.那些被卷入游行示威的学生的安全必须得到保证。

5.(Para.5)in the words of sb./in sb.’s words: as sb.says or writes 用某人的话来说

Michael and his sister went to the concert, and in the words of his sister, it was a night to remember.迈克尔和他姐姐一起去了音乐会，用他姐姐的话来说，那是难忘的一夜。6.(Para.6)goodwill: n.[U] kind feelings toward or between people and a willingness to be helpful 好意；亲善；友善

A knowledge of other cultures will promote goodwill among people of different backgrounds.了解其他文化将会是不同背景的人们之间更加友善。7.(Para.7)reserve sth.for sb./sth保留；预留 This question must be reserved for further discussion.这个问题必须留待进一步讨论。

8.(Para.7)personnel: [pl.] the people who work in a company, organization, or

military force（公司、组织或军队中的）人员；员工；职员

The personnel responsible for processing all these letters shall stay until the job is done.负责处理所有这些信件的人员要留下来，直到工作结束。9.(Para.8)relate to sth./sb.理解；认同

I know he was very frustrated when his job application was rejected.I can relate to that.我知道他的求职申请被拒后他很沮丧。我能理解他的感受。(Para.9).make sense of sth.理解，弄懂某事

I can’t make any sense of his giving up the competition at the last minute.我无法搞懂他为什么在最后一刻放弃比赛。

11.(Para.10)off-duty: a.if sb.such as a policeman, nurse, or soldier is off-duty, they are not working 不在值班的，下了班的

I can go to a movie with you because I’m off-duty today.我可以和你一起去看电影，因为今天我不值班。

12.(Para.10)grief : n.[U] extreme sadness, esp.because sb.you love has died(尤指因所爱之人去世而产生的)悲痛，极度悲伤

Her grief over her child’s death was not al all relieved with passing time.她的丧子之痛并未因时间的推移而减轻。13.(Para.10)give authority to授权

The contract gives authority to research members to use anything in the laboratory.合同授权研究人员使用实验室里的任何东西。

14.(Para.10)intense: a.having a very strong effect or felt very strongly 剧烈的；强烈的

It is not scientific for a normally inactive person to start a program of intense exercise suddenly.一个平时不活动的人突然开始进行高强度的锻炼，这是不科学的。15.(Para.12)heroic：a.extremely brave or determined, and admired by many people 英雄的；英勇的

She jumped into the icy water and saved two little boys;all the people in the town admire her heroic action.她跳入冰冷的水中救起了两个小男孩。全镇的人都为她的英勇行为所折服。16.(Para.12)count on依靠；指望

They decided not to count on foreign aid to relieve the famine.他们决定不依靠外援来缓解饥荒。Step 5: While-reading Activities Language Points: 1.In an era of heightened heroism, the word hero has become more common.(Para.1)Meaning: In a time when there is an increasing number of impressive actions of great courage, the word hero has been used more frequently.2.Daniel held her head up so she could breathe and applied pressure to her wounds.(Para.2)Meaning: Daniel held her head up so she could breathe, and he pushed hard on her wounds in order to stop the bleeding.3.Dory gave his life for his wife, Mary.(Para.3)Meaning: Dory died in order to save his wife, Mary.4.These are civilian heroes, who acted instinctively with courage and grace when caught up in extraordinary circumstances.(Para.4)Meaning: These are not military people or police officers;they are ordinary people.But they are heroes because they acted out of their instinct with courage and grace when they were involved in unusual conditions.5.It used to be that the word hero was reserved for those who performed acts of distinct courage beyond the call of duty.(Para.7)Meaning: In the past, the word hero was used particularly to refer to those who acted with remarkable courage and who did something that they did not have the duty to do.6.But today, our heroes are average men and women,” everyday heroes” to whom we can relate, people like us.(Para.8)Meaning: But today, our heroes are average men and women;they are “everyday heroes” that we are able to understand;they are people like us.7.I asked road safety advocate Eleanor McMahon whether she thought Sgt.Russell was a hero.(Para.10)

Meaning: I asked Eleanor McMahon, who publicly supported actions to improve road traffic safety, whether she thought Sgt.Russell was a hero.8.We count on first responders to rush toward danger, especially when it involves us or those we love.We expect nothing less.(Para.12)Meaning: We depend on first responders to rush toward danger to help, especially when we ourselves or those we love are involved.That is exactly what we expect.9.Will we be heroes when circumstances call on us to act heroically?(Para.13)Meaning: Will we act heroically when situations require us to do so？ Step 6: Typical patterns: Purpose: Further understand the text（Train further reading ability）to find out some difficult sentences and details of the text.Method: Read the text together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach, grammar-translation approach and total physical response method.Typical patterns：

1.It used to be that the word hero was reserved for those who performed acts of distinct courage beyond the call of duty.在过去，“英雄”一词仅限于称呼那些做出超乎职责范围的特别英勇的行为的人们。

It used to be that …用于表达“过去的某一习惯或情况现在已不存在”，表示与目前习惯或情况有所不同。

应用：在过去，只有享受至高无上权利的皇家才能使用龙的形象。It used to be that the image of dragon could only be used by royal families that enjoyed the supreme power.2.A soldier who runs through gunfire to rescue other military personnel is seen as a hero.So are larger-than-life leaders such as Nelson Mandela, who emerged after 27 years of jail, confined in a solitary chamber.一位战士冒着枪林弹雨去抢救其他战友，他被看作英雄。同样，超凡卓越的具有传奇色彩的领袖人物也是英雄，比如纳尔逊· 曼德拉。被囚禁于单人牢房27年后，曼德拉终于摆脱了牢狱生活。

Sb./Sth.is ….So is sb./sth.else./ So are some other people/some other things.用于表达“两个人或事物之间的相似之处”。

应用：在你的人生中，通过不懈努力取得的成功是宝贵的财富。同样，帮助你逐步走向成熟的人生挫折也是财富。

Success that you achieve through painstaking efforts is seen as valuable asset in your life.So are the setbacks that help you to become mature gradually.3.We count on first responders to rush toward danger, especially when it involves us or those we love.我们指望应急人员冲向危险，尤其是当我们自身或我们所爱的人身处险境时。

Sb.do sth., especially when….用于表达“某人最有可能做某事的一种条件”。应用：我喜欢回忆过去，特别是当孤寂来袭之时。

I love recalling the past, especially when loneliness strikes.4.We honor the fireman, the policeman, and the average citizen by recognizing their heroism.Perhaps, even more importantly, we honor them by working to change the circumstances that led to their death.我们向消防队员、警察和普通平民致敬，赞扬其英雄精神。也许，甚至更为重要的是，我们要通过努力改变让他们遭遇不幸的环境来向他们致敬。

Sb.do sth.by….Perhaps, even more importantly, sb.do sth.by…用于表达“对于某人而言更为重要的行为方式”。

应用：我们通过传授知识培养学生，也许，更为重要的是，我们通过传授学习方法培养学生。

We cultivate students by imparting knowledge.Perhaps, even more importantly, we cultivate students by teaching them learning methods.Step7.Consolidation Retell the passage according to the topic sentences.Purpose: To know if the students understand the whole text.At the same time, To show the text structure on the screen, so that they can retell it easily.Method: Read the text structure together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 8.Discussion 1.How do you define a hero? 2.Do you think people who give their life to save their family members should be considered heroes? Why or why not? 3.What do you think we should do to honor heroes?

Step 9.Assignments Review the key points of Section A;Finish the exercises after class;Finish online homework;Preview Section B.Write an essay entitled “A Great Hero in My Mind” by following the writing pattern of the text.You may apply as many expressions from the text as possible to your writing.Unit 5, Book One

Section A: Cliff Young, an unlikely hero Teaching Objectives: To talk about the sporting spirit To further understand the text To apply the phrases and patterns To master the paragraph writing skill Teaching Procedures: Pre-reading Activities

Step 1.Greetings Greet the whole class warmly.Step 2.Lead-in and preparation for reading Let them talk to each other about the following questions: 1.What sports do you like doing? 2.How much time do you spend on sports every day? 3.Do you think playing sports is important to students? Why? Step 3.Fast reading Ask the Students to read the passage as quickly as they can and then answer the questions on the screen.Let them get the main idea of each paragraph and make clear about the text structure.Text structure:(structured writing)The passage can be divided into 3 parts.Part1(para.1-10)Cliff Young took part in the Australian marathon in 1983 and finally won it.Part 2(para.11-13)Cliff Young’s life after the race of 1983 Part 3(Para.14)Cliff Young sets a good example for other people.Purpose: Improve the students’ reading and writing ability and understand the general idea of each paragraph.Method: Read the text individually and talk in groups;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 4.Preparation for details of the text on the screen Students are required to look at the Words and Phrases on the screen and give a brief

presentation in class.Words and Phrases:

The Olympic Stadium will hold up to 80,000 spectators.奥林匹克体育场将可容纳多达8万观众。2.(Para.2)in attendance出席

The Duke of York will be in attendance at tonight’s gala concert.约克公爵将出席今晚的节日音乐会。

3.(Para.2)assert: state firmly that sth.is true(坚决)主张；断言

“Our soccer team,” he asserts, “ is the best college team in the whole country.” 他坚称：“我们的足球队是全国最好的大学足球队。4.(Para.7)leave sth.behind把„„抛在后面

With the seven-day holiday at hand, many people are planning to leave the city behind and head into open country for relaxation.随着七天长假的临近，许多人都准备离开城市，到广阔的乡村旅游。5.(Para.7)fall ill 生病

Researchers found that people with a cheerful disposition were less likely to fall ill when facing the pressure from the stressful work and life.研究人员发现当面对紧张工作和生活压力时，性格开朗的人生病的几率较小。

6.(Para.8)have no intention of doing sth.不打算做某事

Once stuck in a dilemma, a wise man has no intention of heading blindly for a dead end but reverses his course in time to find his way out.一旦陷入困境，聪明的人不会一味地钻牛角尖，而是适时地另辟溪径以谋求出路。

7.(Para.10)endear sb.to sb..使受欢迎

His consideration and generosity endeared him to his colleagues.他的体贴和慷慨使他深受同事们的喜爱。

8.(Para.14)to this day直到现在；至今

To this day, Comrade Bethune remains a role model for the whole society to follow in that his holy spirit has become our spiritual asset 直到今天，白求恩同志依然是我们整个社会学习的榜样，因为他的崇高精神已经成为我们的精神财富。Step 5: While-reading Activities Language Points: 1.No one paid any attention to this odd-looking man who might as well have been invisible.(Para.2)Meaning: Cliff Young looked strange.His presence at the race did not draw anyone’s attention.It was just as if he had not attended the race at all.2.It takes a week to run this race on no more than six hours of sleep a night！(Para.5)Meaning: You need a week to finish this race, and you will have less than six hours’ sleep each night.3.I’ve run sheep for two or three days at a time.(Para.6)Meaning: Every time I run sheep, it takes about two or three days.4.As the race progressed along, of course, the attention of the sports commentators and viewers alike was on the athletes at the front of the pack.(Para.7)Meaning: Of course, as the race went on, both the sports commentators and the viewers paid attention to the athletes in the leading position.5.Over the years, despite increasing age and physical challenges, he participated in many races and won a number of them.(Para.12)Meaning: In all those years, he took part in many races and won a number of them, although he was getting older and not as strong as before.Step 6: Typical patterns: Purpose: Further understand the text（Train further reading ability）to find out some difficult sentences and details of the text.Method: Read the text together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach, grammar-translation approach and total physical response method.Typical patterns：

1.When he asserted his intention to compete, the world-class athletes around him reacted with apparent disbelief and then with disrespect.(Para.2, L5)

当克里夫明确表示自己是来参赛的时候，他周围的世界级选手先是表示出明显的怀疑，继而予以鄙视。

When sb.asserted his intention to do sth., other people reacted with …用于表达“当某人明确表示自己要做某事时，其他人的反应”。

应用：当这医务工作人员表示他们准备用自己的生命换得大众的健康时，公众先是表现出惊讶，继而予以敬佩。

When these medical workers asserted their intention to give their lives for the public health, the public reacted with surprise and then with respect.2.To this day, Cliff Young remains a magnificent reminder and brilliant example of how ordinary individuals can inherently achieve remarkable results.(Para.14, L1)直到今天，克里夫.杨依然是一个伟大的标杆和辉煌的榜样，他向世人表明普通人也能凭潜在的能力取得非凡成就。

To this day, sb.remains + adj.+ reminder and + adj.+ example of how ….用于表达“某人树立的榜样精神”。

应用：直到今天，雷锋同志依然是一个辉煌的标杆和杰出的榜样，他向世人表明一个普通人也能为我们的社会做着不平凡的贡献。

To this day, Lei Feng remains a glorious reminder and outstanding example of how an ordinary person can make unusual contribution to our society.3.With determination and preparation, we can achieve distinction and be a brilliant example to others.（Para.14, L3）

有坚定的决心和充分的准备，我们就能取得荣耀，也能成为别人的光辉榜样。With

sth.we can ….用于表达“达到目的所需要的条件”。

应用：十年的婚姻生活使他明白了一点：只有彼此宽容与体贴，才能分享欢乐与幸福。

Ten year’s marriage life made it clear for him that with tolerance and consideration towards each other people can share in joy and happiness.Step7.Consolidation

Retell the passage according to the topic sentences.Purpose: To know if the students understand the whole text.At the same time, To show the text structure on the screen, so that they can retell it easily.Method: Read the text structure together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 8.Discussion 1 Which three of the following qualities most characterize the spirit of sports? Why? 2 What values do you think people can cultivate by playing sports? 3 Do you think winning is the most important thing in sports? Why or why not? Step 9.Assignments Review the key points of Section A;Finish the exercises after class;Finish online homework;Preview Section B.Write an essay on the topic “What Success Brings to People” by the following writing pattern of the text.You may apply as many expressions from the text as possible to your writing.Unit 6, Book One

Section A: To work or not to work-That is the question Teaching Objectives: To talk about the effects of part-time employment To further understand the text To apply the phrases and patterns To master the paragraph writing skill Teaching Procedures: Pre-reading Activities

Step 1.Greetings Greet the whole class warmly.Step 2.Lead-in and preparation for reading Let them talk to each other about the following questions: 1.Why do some students like to take part-time jobs?

2.What problems will students face with when they take part-time jobs? 3.What suggestions will you put forward toward students planning to work part-time? Step 3.Fast reading Ask the Students to read the passage as quickly as they can and then answer the questions on the screen.Let them get the main idea of each paragraph and make clear about the text structure.Text structure:(structured writing)The passage can be divided into 3 parts.Part1(para.1)

Research methods Part 2(para2-4)Research findings Part 3(Para.5-8)Explanations for the negative effects Part 4(Para.9)Conclusion of the research Purpose: Improve the students’ reading and writing ability and understand the general idea of each paragraph.Method: Read the text individually and talk in groups;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 4.Preparation for details of the text on the screen

Students are required to look at the Words and Phrases on the screen and give a brief presentation in class.Words and Phrases:

The experts also contrasted smokers with non-smokers, on different indicators of their commitment to conduct.专家们还对比了吸烟者和不吸烟者在行动力投入程度方面的不同指征。2.(Para.2)interfere with妨碍；阻止

Sharpening the axe will not interfere with the cutting of firewood.磨刀不误砍柴工。

3.(Para.3)take a / its toll on对„产生不良影响

The difficult curriculum, and fierce competition have taken a serious toll on students’ physical and mental health.高难度的课程和激烈的竞争严重影响了这些学生的身心健康。4.(Para.4)cut back on削减；缩减

Experts suggest that as the concentration of PM2.5 in the air exceeds 200, the general population should cut back on the social and recreational activities.专家建议当大气中的可入肺颗粒物浓度超过200时，一般人群最好减少外出社交和娱乐活动。

5.(Para.7)drop out退学；辍学；退出；脱离

We should help those students who have dropped out of school because of poverty, enabling them to return to school.我们应该帮助那些由于贫困而失学的学生，使他们重返学校。

6.(Para.8)be accustomed to doing sth.习惯于做某事

Love is mutual, which needs to pay, also wants to harvest.We, as parents, please do not be blindly accustomed to paying for our children.爱是相互的，它需要付出，也要去收获。作为家长的我们，千万不要一味习惯为孩子付出爱。

7.(Para.9)contribute to促成，造成（某事发生）

Animal fats and sugar contribute to a weight problem and can be a factor in heart disease.动物脂肪和糖会导致体重增加，而且可能是引起心脏病的一个因素。8.(Para.9)hold on to继续感到；仍然相信

Thousands of miles apart, we met with quarrels, and sometimes even a cold war, but we still hold on to love.我们相隔千里，有争吵，也有冷战，但我们依然相信爱情。Step 5: While-reading Activities Language Points: 1.There are numerous and reliable ways by which one can measure the impact of employment on student achievement, and we used several in our research(Para.1)Meaning: There are many reliable methods to study how work affects students’ school performance, and we used a few of the methods in our research.2.We have simplified and classified the data and the results are clear: The stakes are high.(Para.2)Meaning: We have processed the data by making them simpler and grouping them into different categories.The research results are clear: The risks for working students are high.3.On the other hand, we also detected a different pattern.Working for approximately 10 hours per week or less seemingly does not take a consistent toll on school performance.(Para.3)Meaning: However, we also found out a different pattern, that is, when students work for about 10 hours or less every week, it does not seem to have a continuous bad effect on students’ school performance.4.In other words, over time, the more students work, the less committed to school they become.(Para.4)Meaning: That is to say, as students work longer hours, they gradually become less devoted to study.5.Over time, as these become established practices, students’ commitment to school is eroded bit by bit.(Para.5)Meaning: Gradually, as these practices of cutting corners have been in use for a long time, students become less and less committed to school.Step 6: Typical patterns: Purpose: Further understand the text（Train further reading ability）to find out some difficult sentences and details of the text.Method: Read the text together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach, grammar-translation approach and total physical response method.Typical patterns：

1.Nevertheless, given that half of all employed seniors, about one-third of all juniors, and about one-fifth of all second-year students work above the 20-hour limit, indications are that a large number of students are at risk of compromising their school careers with their part-time jobs.(Para.3, L3)不过，鉴于一半的大四打工学生、约三分之一的大三打工学生、以及五分之一的大二打工学生的打工时间都超过20小时的上限，因此种种迹象表明，有众多学生面临因打零工而危及学业的风险。

Nevertheless, given that …, indications / proofs / investigations are that sb.are at risk of doing sth.用于表达“在某种证据下，某人做某事所产生的风险”。

应用：不过，由于滑坡事件导致18人死亡，因此种种迹象表明，当地政府将面临失去公众信任的风险。

Nevertheless, given that the landslide killed 18 people, indications are that the local authority is at risk of losing the public’s trust.2.In other words, over time, the more students work, the less committed to school they become.换言之，随着时间的推移，学生打工时间越长，他们对学习的投入就越少。In other words, the more sb.do, the less / more sb.become / do.用于表达“某人做某事产生的相反效果”。

应用：换言之，他越是坚称自己是无辜的，他们就越不相信他。

In other words, the more he insisted he was innocent, the less they seemed to believe him.3.According to our studies, alcohol and drug use, in turn, may be linked to disengagement from school, and therefore, is likely to depress school performance.我们的研究表明，饮酒和吸毒相应地可能造成学习兴趣减弱，因此很可能导致学习成绩下降。

According to sb.’s studies / surveys / investigations, sth., in turn, may be linked to sth., and therefore, is likely to do sth..用于表达“某事造成的影响”。

应用：他们的调查表明，癌症村的出现和当地不安全的饮水、糟糕的居住环境和空气污染有关，因此很可能增加了疾病的发生。

According to their investigation, the occurrence of cancer villages, in turn, may be linked to the local unsafe drinking water, dirty living conditions and air pollution, and therefore, is likely to create an increase in illness.Step7.Consolidation Retell the passage according to the topic sentences.Purpose: To know if the students understand the whole text.At the same time, To show the text structure on the screen, so that they can retell it easily.Method: Read the text structure together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 8.Discussion 1.Do you think early employment can build character? Why or why not? 2.Many people believe that the only task of college students is to study hard and they should not spend time on part-time job.What do you think?

3.Do you agree with the author on all the negative impacts of working while studying? Step 9.Assignments Review the key points of Section A;Finish the exercises after class;Finish online homework;Preview Section B.Write a report about survey on the effects of part-time employment on students’ performance.You are expected to conduct a survey on university students taking part-time jobs, then summarize your findings and report them to the class.Unit 7, Book One

Section A: When honesty disappears Teaching Objectives: To discuss some social phenomenon about dishonesty To further understand the text To apply the phrases and patterns To master the paragraph writing skill Teaching Procedures: Pre-reading Activities

Step 1.Greetings Greet the whole class warmly.Step 2.Lead-in and preparation for reading Show them some pictures on the screen, and ask them: 1.What does each picture depict? 2.What are the common problems these pictures expose? Step 3.Fast reading Ask the Students to read the passage as quickly as they can and then answer the questions on the screen.Let them get the main idea of each paragraph and make clear about the text structure.Text structure:(structured writing)The passage can be divided into 3 parts.Part1(para.1)

Problem Part 2(para.2-4)Causes and Solutions Part 3(Para.5-6)Evaluation Purpose: Improve the students’ reading and writing ability and understand the general idea of each paragraph.Method: Read the text individually and talk in groups;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 4.Preparation for details of the text on the screen Students are required to look at the Words and Phrases on the screen and give a brief presentation in class.Words and Phrases:

All they have to do is pressing a button, and they can see shows of every kind, not to mention the latest exciting football match.他们只需按一下开关就可以看到各种各样的文艺节目。至于最近的激动人心的足球赛更是不在话下。2.(Para.1)rip off 盗窃

He was arrested by the police for ripping off a watch after he walked into the store.他被警察抓了，因为他走进商店后偷了一块手表。

3.(Para.2)exaggerate: v.make sth.seem better, larger, worse, etc.than it really is 夸大；夸张；言过其实

Shelly admitted that she did sometimes exaggerate the difficulty of her job.谢莉承认，她有时候确实夸大了自己的工作难度。4.(Para.4)cope with（成功地）处理

To my delight, he was able to cope with the stress of his study.令我高兴的是，他能够处理学习的压力。5.(Para.4)Launch / wage a campaign发起一场运动

To improve the staff’s comprehensive quality, the company launched a massive educational campaign.为了提高员工的综合素质，该公司发起了一场大规模的教育运动。6.(Para.4)plagiarism: n.[U] when sb.uses another person’s words, ideas, or work and pretends they are their own 剽窃；抄袭

More than half of the teachers in the survey said they thought plagiarism from the Internet was a serious offense.7.(Para.4)all but: everything or everyone except sth.or sb.除…外全部

All but one of the passengers were killed in the accident.除了一个乘客外，其他人都在这起事故中丧生。

8.(Para.4)reveal：vt.Make known sth.that was previously secret or unknown 揭

示；揭露；透露

Many women do not want to reveal their true age in front of others.很多女性不愿意在别人面前透露自己的真实年龄。9.(Para.6)be confined to sth.局限于···

For the young, the hunger for knowledge is strong, and it is not confined to any time or place.年轻人对知识的渴望是非常强烈的，并不受任何时间或地域的限制。10.(Para.6)descend into … 陷入···状况

They have taken effective measures so as to prevent the city from descending into chaos and bloodshed.他们采取了有效措施，阻止了整个城市陷入混乱和流血。Step 5: While-reading Activities Language Points: 1.As numerous accounts of cheating, lying, and fraud crowd our newspaper pages and TV news, it seems that honesty is a rapidly vanishing value.(Para.1)Meaning: From our newspapers and TV news, we read countless reports about people cheating, lying, and deceiving.Honesty as a valuable merit seems to be disappearing quickly.2.But are these reports truly accurate or do they exaggerate the situation?(Para.2)Meaning: But are these reports correct and exact or do they make the situation look worse than it really is? 3.If this is indeed the case, it’s deeply troubling as today’s students are tomorrow’s leaders!(Para.2)

Meaning: If such a situation does exist, it is very worrying because today’s students will become leaders in the future!4.Modern students who want to fake a term paper don’t have to browse long.(Para.3)Meaning: Nowadays, students don’t need to spend a long time “stealing” online papers and ideas to be used in their own term paper.5.Long ago, all American schoolchildren knew the historical story of how Abraham Lincoln walked five miles to return a penny he had overcharged a customer.(Para.5)Meaning: According to historical records, Abraham Lincoln walked five miles to return a penny he had overcharged a customer.The story with its moral virtue has been passed on from generation to generation.The author uses this story to show what

he is to convey in this article.Step 6: Typical patterns: Purpose: Further understand the text（Train further reading ability）to find out some difficult sentences and details of the text.Method: Read the text together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach, grammar-translation approach and total physical response method.Typical patterns：

1.Travelers ripped off so many towels last year that it cost a major hotel chain $3 million to replace them.Especially troubling are the reports that dishonesty is increasing amongst student populations around the world.去年一年，一家大型连锁酒店的大量毛巾被游客偷走，酒店因此花费了300万美元来添置新毛巾。尤其令人担忧的是，世界范围内有关学生不诚实行为的报道越来越多。

Sb.did sth../ sth.happened.Especially troubling / surprising/annoying are the reports / facts that…用于表达“表述一种更令人担忧/吃惊/烦恼的现象或者事实感受”。

应用：投币坐车本来是给市民提供方便，然而仅一个月公交公司收就收到很多的残币，更令人气愤的是仅假钞的数额就多达三万元。

The use of slot machine was aimed at facilitating the citizens, but within one month alone the public bus company received lots of incomplete coins.Especially irritating is the fact that fake money alone amounted to 30,000 Yuan.2.Some people worry that the Internet, once hailed as the ultimate learning tool, could become the best aid yet for cheating.有些人担心，曾经被奉为最棒的学习工具的互联网会成为作弊者最得力的帮手。

Sth., once hailed as sth., could become sth.用于表达“表述一种事物或者一个人今昔境况的对比”。

应用：曾经是一位美国警察，被称赞为英雄，现被控告有强奸等几项罪名，已被抓捕。

A former US police officer, once hailed as a hero, has been arrested and charged with rape and other crimes.3.Whether discovered or not, dishonesty has an undesirable effect on anyone who practices it.不管是否会被发现，不诚实都会给任何一个作弊者带来不利影响。Whether discovered or not(whether conscious or unconscious), sth.will have an effect on sb.用于表达“表述不管在什么情况下某事都可能产生影响”。

应用1：不管是否被查出，剽窃他人的思想会对一个人的名声造成坏的影响，甚至会毁了前程。

Whether checked out or not, presenting another person’s ideas as one’s own may have bad effect on his name or even damage his future.应用2：不管承认与否，今天，我们学会了追赶时间，却没有学会耐心等待；我们拥有的财富越来越多，道德品质却日益沦丧。

Whether admit it or not, today we’ve learned to rush, but not to wait;we have higher incomes, but lower morals.Step7.Consolidation Retell the passage according to the topic sentences.Purpose: To know if the students understand the whole text.At the same time, To show the text structure on the screen, so that they can retell it easily.Method: Read the text structure together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 8.Discussion 1.In some universities, students are asked to sign an Honesty Declaration in the exam.Do you think this is an effective way to prevent cheating? Why or why not?

2.Sometimes people tell white lies to avoid hurting others’ feelings.Should these people be considered honest or dishonest?

3.Sometimes doctors do not tell the truth to their patients about their conditions.Do you approve of this practice? Why or why not? Step 9.Assignments Review the key points of Section A;Finish the exercises after class;Finish online homework;Preview Section B.Write a speech or essay entitled with What Steals Our Leisure Time.You may apply as many expressions from the text as possible to your writing.Unit 8, Book One

Section A: Gender variables in friendship:

Contradiction or not? Teaching Objectives: To talk about gender differences in friendships To understand the text’s structure and main idea To learn phrases and patterns from the text To master contrast paragraph writing skill

Teaching Procedures: Pre-reading Activities

Step 1.Greetings Greet the whole class warmly.Step 2.Lead-in and preparation for reading Let them talk to each other about the following questions: 1.How do you understand friendship? 2.Have you ever noticed any gender differences in your friendship with others? Step 3.Fast reading Ask the Students to read the passage as quickly as they can and then answer the questions on the screen.Let them get the main idea of each paragraph and make clear about the text structure.Text structure:(structured writing)The passage can be divided into 3 parts.Part1(para.1)

Introduction: The “movie” memories I have of my female

friends and male friends are completely different.Part 2(para.2-4)Examples Part 3(Para.5-6)Conclusion: gender differences in my communication styles

and the explanation Purpose: Improve the students’ reading and writing ability and understand the general idea of each paragraph.Method: Read the text individually and talk in groups;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 4.Preparation for details of the text on the screen

Students are required to look at the Words and Phrases on the screen and give a brief presentation in class.Words and Phrases:

In this highly globalized world, failure to be sensitive to new information technology will lead to loss of golden opportunity for a nation’s development.在当今高度全球化的世界中，对新兴信息技术不敏感将会导致一个国家错失发展良机。

2.(Para.1)make up for补偿；弥补

It’s a universal truth that diligence can make up for one’s intelligence.勤能补拙是普遍真理。

3.(Para.2)steer: v.control the direction in which a vehicle moves 掌舵；驾驶

Our garage door isn’t very wide and it’s quite difficult to steer the car through it.我们的车库门不是很宽，要把车开进去有点儿困难。4.(Para.3)pull away驶离；开走

A typical scene of seeing people off is like this: people are waving each other goodbye with tears in their eyes while the train slowly pulls away.送别的一个典型场景是：随着火车缓缓开动，人们眼中含着热泪相互挥手告别。

5.(Para.4)in a...light以······角度

To be creative, we should learn to see things in a different light 要想具有创造力，我们应当学会从不同的角度看待事物。6.(Para.5)prove to be被证明是

Anger is one of those things that truly prove to be a double-edged sword.愤怒属于真正被证明为双刃剑的事物之一。7.(Para.5)be determined to do下定决心做

There is nothing that cannot be achieved with a determined heart.有志者事竟成。

7.(Para.6)be born with天生就有

Successful people are those who manage to make the most of the qualities they are born with.成功人士能够将自己与生俱有的品质发挥到极致。Step 5: While-reading Activities Language Points: 1.When I think of my good friends, I see them in cinematic terms.(Para.1)Meaning: When I think about my good friend in the past, I remember them like I am seeing a movie.2.In comparison, memories of male friends are in an entirely different film altogether(Para.1)Meaning: Compared with my memories of female friends, my memories of male friends are completely different.3.My mind retreats back to my earliest childhood friend, Donald.(Para.2)

Meaning: My mind goes back to the days I spent with my first childhood friend, Donald.4.But the steering wheel was intact.(Para.4)Meaning: But the steering wheel was not damaged.5.In my panic, I suddenly realized how much I loved my friend Jessica, and what an irreplaceable friend she was.(Para.4)6.Much to my relief, research shows that I am, indeed, a “normal guy”.(Para.6)Meaning: I feel great comfort because research shows that I’m actually a man who’s behaving normally.Step 6: Typical patterns: Purpose: Further understand the text（Train further reading ability）to find out some difficult sentences and details of the text.Method: Read the text together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach, grammar-translation approach and total physical response method.Typical patterns：.The movie memories I have of female friends are open and intimate.In comparison, memories of male friends are in an entirely different film altogether.我对女性朋友的“电影式”记忆是开放的、亲密无间的。相比较而言，我对

男性朋友的记忆是完全不同的一部影片。

Statement of one thing.In comparison, sth.else is(in an)entirely different(film altogether)用于比较“两个完全不同的事物”。

应用：一些人总是抱怨生活艰辛、工作压力大。与之相比，有些人却完全不同。他们充满了正能量，总是乐观对待人生。

Some people are always complaining about the hardships of life and the pressure from work.In comparison, there are others who are entirely different.They are full of positive energy and are always optimistic about life.2.A recent occurrence made me reexamine and interpret my behavior in a new light.最近发生的一件事让我从新的角度重新审视和解释我的行为。

A recent occurrence / accident, etc.made one reexamine / rethink / reflect on sth.in a new light.用于表达“对事物的新的审视、思索和认识”。

应用：最近被爱德华·斯诺登揭露的棱镜门事件使全世界人民对国家安全与个人隐私保护问题进行了辩论以及反思。

The recent Prism Gate scandal disclosed by Edward Snowden has made people all over the world debate and reflect on the issue of national security versus protection of personal privacy.3.With women, I could be open, emotionally honest, and transparent.With male friends, it seemed impossible to express caring feelings no matter how deep the friendship was.和女性朋友在一起，我可以是开放的、真情流露的、直截了当的。但和男性朋友在一起时，不管我们之间的友情多深，我似乎都无法表达对对方的关爱之情。

With sb., one be / do ….With sb.else, it seemed impossible to be / do …(one be / do …).用于表达“某人对待不同人或事物的截然不同的态度或做法”。

应用：对待同志要像春天般的温暖。对待敌人要像严冬一样残酷无情。With comrades, we should be gentle as the warm spring.With enemies, we should be cruel as the freezing winter.Step7.Consolidation Retell the passage according to the topic sentences.Purpose: To know if the students understand the whole text.At the same time, To show the text structure on the screen, so that they can retell it easily.Method: Read the text structure together;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 8.Discussion 1.How do you choose a friend? What qualities should your friends have? 2.Can the older generation be true friends with the younger generation? Why? 3.What do you think cause the differences in behavior and communication styles between men and women? Step 9.Assignments Review the key points of Section A;Finish the exercises after class;Finish online homework;Preview Section B.Write an essay on the topic “traditional shopping versus online shopping” by following the writing pattern of the text.

篇2：新视野读写教程教案

I.Background information 1.The 1906 San Francisco Earthquake

At 5:13 on the morning of April 18th, 1906, the city of San Francisco was shaken by a terrible earthquake.A large part of the city was destroyed and a large number of buildings were burnt.The number of people who lost homes reached as many as 250, 000.About 700 people died in the earthquake and the fires.Another earthquake shocked San Francisco on October 17th, 1989.It was the second strongest earthquake and about one hundred people were killed.It happened in the evening as people were traveling home.A wide and busy road fell onto the below.A lot of people were killed in their cars, but a few lucky ones were not hurt.Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town but about 50 kilometers away.In one part of the town many buildings were destroyed.These buildings were over 50 years old, so they were not strong enough.There were a lot of fires all over the city.The electricity was cut off for several days too.Scientists explain that the outside of the earth is made of different plates.At San Francisco the Pacific plate meets the North American plate.When suddenly these two plates jump, an earthquake is felt.When the 1906 earthquake happened, the Pacific plate jumped 5-6 meters to the north.We cannot stop earthquake, but we can do things to make sure they do not destroy a whole city.First, it is not a good idea to build houses along the lines where two of the earth’s plates join together.Second, if you think there may be an earthquake, it is better to build houses on rock not on sand.Third, you must make the houses as strong as possible.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.Scientists are afraid that one day an even bigger earthquake will hit the area around San Francisco.They call it “The Big One”.However, people today are still building more houses.The population in and around San Francisco is now ten times more than it was in 1906.This means that if there is another big earthquake, a great many houses and buildings will be destroyed.2.The 1976 Tangshan Earthquake

1)Which city earns the name “Brave City of China”?

Tangshan 2)The deadliest earthquake of the 20th century, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake hit the sleeping city of Tangshan at 3:42 a.m.on July 28, 1976.3)Which of the following gave some advance warnings of an impending earthquake?

A.Well water rose and fell with cracking or gas.B.Chickens refused to eat and ran around chirping.C.Mice and yellow weasels ran around to hide.D.A goldfish jumped wildly in its bowl.E.Strange lights(fireballs)as well as loud sounds were seen the night preceding the earthquake.4)The Tangshan earthquake lasted approximately 14-16 seconds.After the earthquake hit, 242419 people were dead or dying;164581 people severely injured.In 7218 households, all members of the family were killed by the earthquake.5)Over two million people died in the earthquake in the 20th century.About 0.6 billion people live in the strong earthquake zone throughout the world.6)93 percent of the residential buildings and 78 percent of the industrial buildings were completely destroyed.3.What’s your insight into earthquakes?

Because they have no warning and allow people no time to react to them in an effective way.As described in the video, one second you live in this big beautiful city and ten seconds later it is flat.So on any scale of instant destructivity, few natural disasters can come close to earthquakes.At 11:43 A.M.on June 7, 1692, for example, an earthquake struck Port Royal, Jamaica.In the space of less than fifty seconds, that thriving port sank into the Caribbean.An eyewitness described the scene.“ In many places the earth cracked, opened and shut, with a motion quick and fast.People were swallowed up;in others they were caught by the middle, and pressed to death.”

In the 17th and 18th centuries, it was believed in the Western world that because earthquakes normally occurred in non-Christian countries, they were signs of God’s anger with the inhabitants of these areas.In fact, every day the earth is shaken by hundreds of small earthquakes, most going unnoticed.They usually occur along the boundaries of thin plates that cover the earth like egg shells.Driven by the heat deep within the earth’s core, plates grind against each other along lines called faults.When plates find their motions blocked, stress builds up.Finally the fault gives way.Released energy races through the earth in a form of seismic waves(震波)and a quake occurs.4.How much do you know about other natural disasters?

In addition to the earthquake, the human society as a whole is also cursed with a long list of other natural disasters, among which are flood, mud-rock flow(泥石流), landslide(山体滑坡), typhoon, hurricane(飓风), tornado(龙卷风), snowstorm(暴风雪), hailstorm(冰雹), sand storm(沙尘暴), drought(干旱), plague of locusts(蝗灾), the spread of desert, the spread of infectious diseases such as SARS(非典), and volcanic eruptions(火山喷发), the most famous example of which is the Great Pompeii, quickly covered with volcanic ashes.The contributors to these natural disasters are complex and varied.Some disasters such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions result from the movement of plates along the weaknesses in the Earth’s crust.Many others, like flood, sand storm, and the spread of desert, stem from human activities.Man’s mindless enthusiasm for unrestrained economic growth has led to a sharp decline of forestry, a rapid desertification of farming land, an irreparable depletion of ozone layer, a global worsening of greenhouse effect, and a swift extinction of species, all of which in turn bring about more disasters.II.Structure Analysis 1.How can we know about warning signs of earthquakes?

1)Wire the earth and sea …

2)Watch animals and plants …

3)The amount of radon waxes …

2.What animals show what signs of earthquakes?

1)hens—cages

2)snakes—freeze

3)dogs—bark a lot

4)fish—surface

5)birds—noisy— fly unusually Some advance warnings of an impending earthquake.A.Well water rose and fell with cracking or gas.B.Chickens refused to eat and ran around chirping(吱喳而鸣).C.Mice and yellow weasels(黄鼠狼)ran around to hide.D.A goldfish jumped wildly in its bowl.E.Strange lights(fireballs)as well as loud sounds were seen the night preceding the earthquake.3.How are most of the people killed in an earthquake?

By falling buildings.4.What building structures might prevent the great destruction of property?

1)Steel joint/an I-joint

2)Equally strong columns & horizontal beams

3)Deep vertical support columns

4)Light roofs & strong walls 5.What should people do to prepare their houses?

1)Check/reinforce homes …

2)Place heavy objects …

3)Attach cupboards & cabinets …

4)Fasten doors …

6.What should people need for their earthquake survival supplies, and why?

water & food

radio receiver

torch

extra batteries

first-aid supplies

spade

tent

rope

clothing

fire extinguisher

auxiliary cooking & heating source

heavy shoes or boots 7.How can family members keep in touch during an earthquake? Check in with a far-away friend or relative…

8.What should be a major emphasis for all government programs and earthquake-related research projects?

Education concerning how to survive an earthquake.1.What is the text mainly about?

The essay is centered around the main theme — How to predict, prevent, and prepare for earthquakes.2.How is the text organized?

The writer centers his writing on three aspects of the topic—earthquake prediction, earthquake prevention, and earthquake preparation.In the end, he concludes his writing with more emphasis placed on people’s preparation for earthquakes.So the text can fall structurally into four parts.Part I Prediction: People predicted a quake by wiring the earth and sea to detect movements, watch-ing animals and plants for warning signs;and seeing if the amount of radon(Rn)in the water under the surface of the Earth waxes before an earthquake.Devices for developing it: Exemplification:(Para.1)In Japan, scientists have wired the Earth and sea„ The Chinese have traditionally watched animals and plants for„ For example, „ Before the Hansin earthquake in Japan, „

Part II Prevention: To prevent buildings from threatening our lives, new structures need to be built with an I-joint steel, with columns and horizontal beams of equal strength, and with light roofs;and pillars for highway bridges need to be enclosed in steel.Devices for developing it: Deduction:(Para.2)General Statement: People would also like to„ prevent„ Details: 1)Most people are killed by„ 2)„ with steel joint;3)„ of equal strength 4)„ enclosed in steel.Part III Preparation: To prepare for a great quake, you need to keep survival supplies at home and at work;have proper tools ready at hand;make sure what to do in case of a quake;and plan for family re-unity.Devices for developing it: Deduction:(Paras.4-6)General statement: People „ need to prepare themselves.Details: 1)„ have supplies of water and food„;2)Have a fire extinguisher handy;3)Every family needs to have earthquake emergency plans.Part IV Conclusion: Even if prediction becomes possible, people still have to do their best to prevent disasters by improving building structures and by being personally prepared.Devices for developing it: Induction:(Para.7)Known facts: 1)„ scientists learn much about how quakes work;2)It will be possible to predict quakes with accuracy;3)But people still have to prevent quakes.Conclusion: Education concerning „ should be a major emphasis for all „ projects.III.New words and expressions 1.to watch sth.for„ / to watch for

观察某物以获取······ / 小心等待

He has been watching for the right moment to express his feeling of love for her.2.to come out of

爬出······ / 有······ 结果

Good reward will certainly come out of your good intention.3.to be reported to do sth.in unusual patterns

据报道说以异常的方式做某事

They are reported to be celebrating their victory in unusual patterns.4.to withstand the power of earthquakes

抵御地震的力量

Any friendship that can’t withstand the trial of hardships is not likely to last long.5.to be a major concern

是关注的重点

How to prevent the resurgence(卷土重来)of SARS is one of the major concerns among the public.6.to insert sth.in / into / between

把某物插入······中／中间

The Maxwell House inserted in a newspaper an advertisement : Good to the last drop.麦氏公司(Maxwell House)在一家报纸上曾刊登了一则广告：滴滴香浓，意犹未尽。

7.to enclose sth.in „

将某物包入／装入······

Enclosed in his letter was a birthday card, on which was a message —Turn my little card into white clouds that take my endless blessings to you.愿这小小的卡片化作朵朵白云,捎去我无尽的祝福。8.to prepare for the possibility of „

为······的可能性作好防备

The purpose of college life is to prepare us for the possibility of future challenges.9.to attach sth.to „

把某物附加在 / 依附于 ······ 之上

She is fondly attached to the good old days she shared with him.10.to make water safe to drink

使水饮用安全

What matters to us is how to make our campus life meaningful and fruitful.11.to keep sth.handy

手边备有某物

Also important is what measures to take to keep our teenagers far away from drugs.12.to put out

扑灭 / 生产／投资／发挥

His speech ended in an appeal to college students to put out all their subjective initiative during the course of college studies.13.to agree on

就······取得一致意见

Different people attach different meanings to life, on which it is hard for them to agree.14.to be busy with / doing sth.忙于做某事

Once promoted to a higher position, a corrupt official will be busy abusing his power.贪官一旦被提拔到更高的职位,就会忙于滥用职权。15.to check in

登记 / 报到

He checked in at this hotel under a false name last night but this morning he checked out.16.to learn a great deal about

对······了解甚多

With this book, you can learn a great deal about the conditions and customs of Africa.通过这本书，你可以了解许多有关非洲的风土人情。17.to predict earthquakes with accuracy

精确预测地震 The satellite system can help man draw maps with great accuracy.卫星系统可以帮助人类非常精确地绘制地图。18.to be resistant to„

对······有抵抗力 / 抵制力

The best way of keeping yourself far away from diseases is to build up your resistance to them by exercising.使自己远离疾病的最好途径是通过锻炼身体增强对疾病的抵抗力。19.to make a great difference in / to„

在······方面／使······大不一样

It makes no difference to us whether we have a daughter or a son.20.education concerning how to do sth.关于如何做某事的教育

The laws and regulations concerning the environmental protection are still far from perfect.关于环境保护的法规仍不完善。

IV.Language Points 1.Experimental data seem to indicate that the amount of radon(Rn)in the water under the surface of the Earth waxes before an earthquake.(Para.1)

Meaning: Data collected from experiments seem to indicate that the amount of the element radon(Rn)in the water under the surface of the Earth increases before an earthquake.2.Therefore, building structures that can withstand the power of earthquakes is a major concern.(Para.2)

Meaning: Therefore, people are very concerned about having buildings that are strong enough to resist the power of earthquakes.3.Many new structures are built with a new type of steel joint, an I-joint, which appears to be the most durable type of joint.(Para.2)

Meaning: Many new structures are built with a new type of steel joint in the shape of “I”, which appears to be the most durable type of joint.Pay attention that here “a new type of steel joint” and “I-joint” are appositions.4.They should have supplies of water and food at home and at work.(Para.4)

Meaning: They should store water and food at home and in their working places.5.Earthquake survival supplies include...(Para.4)

Meaning: To survive an earthquake, the following things are necessary...6.Also important is an arrangement for family members to communicate if there is an earthquake.(Para.6)

Meaning: It is also important to make an arrangement for family members to communicate in an earthquake.Please note the reversed order of the sentence.7.A sensible arrangement is to have all of the members of the family call to check in with a friend or relative who lives more than a hundred miles away.(Para.6)

Meaning: A reasonable and practical arrangement is that every member of the family should call a friend or relative who lives more than a hundred miles away to report their situation.8.Someday soon it may actually become possible to predict earthquakes with accuracy.(Para.7)

篇3：新视野读写教程教案

关键词：教材评估,《新视野大学英语·读写教程》 (第二版) ,优点,不足

一、引言

《新视野大学英语》是国务院批准, 教育部实施的“面向21世纪振兴行动计划”的重点工程, 适用于大学理、工、文各学科。《新视野大学英语·读写教程》 (第二版) 系列教材作为与现代信息技术相结合的立体化大学英语教材, 通过课本、光盘、网络等不同载体的有机结合, 为新形势下大学英语教学提供了多层次、多渠道、立体化服务。笔者拟从多个角度入手分析总结该教材特色, 并针对教材存在的问题提出建议, 以便在以后的教学中更有针对性地使用教材, 提高教学效果。

二、教材评估的标准

教材评估的标准因人而异。Jeremy Harmer (2003) 将教材评估分成两种:教材估价和教材评价。Van Elsetal (1984:298-311) 认为外语教材评估一般包括四个方面的内容:1.根据课程教学大纲或评估一览表逐项调查某一教材;2.通过问卷调查或访谈了解使用该教材的师生的意见;3.对数种教材的特点进行比较;4.如有可能, 还可以进行教材使用效果作实验研究。Hutchinson&Waters (1987:97) 认为评估教材的过程实际上是一种对照过程。“对照”一般在下列五方面进行:教学对象的特点、教学目的、教学内容、方法及价格等实际问题。笔者主要从教学对象的特点、教学目的、教学内容等角度来考察《新视野大学英语》这套教材。

三、《新视野大学英语·读写教程》的优点

1. 先进的教学理念。

《新视野大学英语·读写教程》 (第二版) 教材的编写充分考虑教学过程, 注重教学内容、教学模式、教学方法及教学手段的创新, 遵循因材施教的原则, 倡导课堂教学与自主学习相结合, 提高语言能力, 培养学习策略。第二语言习得的理论中, 有效的课文长度和词汇密度的控制在选材上有两种教材编写理论。一种是Text as Linguistic Object, 即选择课文重视语言点数量;另一种是Text as Vehicle for Information, 即把课文看作是文化的载体。《新视野大学英语·读写教程》充分考虑了以上理论, 博采各种理论之长, 并把课文控制为每单元两篇课文, 同时也注意文章的长度。如《读写教程》一级的课文一般在700 words左右, 二级的课文在800 words左右, 三、四级课文的长度则控制在900words左右;每篇课文出现的单词数量控制在课文总词量的5%至7%左右, 平均35—40个左右, 没有出现生词量过多或过少的课文, 一般要求词汇和积极词汇的学习与应用也充分体现在教材中, 尽可能地提高核心词汇即四级词汇的出现率和复现率, 符合第二语言习得的相关理论。其次, 把应用语言学中的语篇分析理论融于课文结构分析和写作指导。

2. 采用按主题组织单元的形式。

《读写教程》每册分10个单元, 每单元设一主题。Section A、B两篇文章均从不同角度反映这一主题。如:第二册第9单元, Section A:“Never Be a Quitter in Face of Life”, Section B:“From Hardship Comes Success”。以同一主题贯穿整个单元, 既能激活学生的思维、加大语言输入, 又能提供给学生各种相关的信息资源;然后通过Reading Analysis和Structured Writing将读写有机地结合起来。整个过程体现了以“3S为中心”, 即以学生 (student) 、主题 (subject-matter) 和社会需求 (society) 为中心的教学思想, 既有大量的语言输入, 又有对语言的加工处理、吸收消化, 还有语言产出;既对语言知识进行总结, 又重视英语语言基本技能的培养。

3. 开阔的选篇角度, 更新的教学内容。

教材内容以主题为线索, 涉及语言、文化、习俗、伦理、信息、科学、社会焦点等方面, 贴近学生生活和时代脉搏。选材注重趣味性、信息性、实用性和时代性, 题材广泛, 体裁多样, 有助于开阔视野、培养人文素质和文化意识。《新视野大学英语·读写教程》 (第二版) 在改版的过程中, 新课文的比例为30%, 剔除了一些时代性不强, 内容陈旧的文章, 与第一版相比, 总修订量 (含练习) 达50%以上。

4. 注重核心词汇的掌握和运用。

《新视野大学英语》系列教材词汇量大、词汇分布呈渐进式, 词汇在课文中的复现率高。与此同时, 在每个单元都提供了丰富的词汇练习来加深对单词和词组的理解。第三、第四册Section A练习中增加了Collocations, 这些都有利于学生在一定的语境中掌握词汇的用法, 而不是孤立地死记硬背单词。

5. 练习设计趋向合理, 实用性强。

教材的课后练习以主观题为主, 有利于发展学生的语言运用能力。《新视野大学英语·读写教程》 (第二版) 教材中, 练习部分在保持原有词汇、语言点、翻译、写作等原有练习的基础上, 增添了四、六级考试题型。新增的练习有课堂讨论题和篇章层次词汇理解题 (Banked Cloze) 。《新视野大学英语·读写教程》 (第二版) 的练习增强了实用性, 精心设计的教学及练习内容, 注重单项技能训练与综合能力培养相结合, 接受性技能与产出性技能相结合。

6. 各分册之间互相关联。

选材的难度上分册之间呈现递进的趋势, 整个四册读写教程形成了很完备的知识体系, 内容涉及各个题材层面, 体裁选择上充分考虑到各个年级学生的接受能力、认知能力。4—6级词汇能合理安排出现在各个分册中, 并有一定的复现率, 帮助学生巩固记忆。课后练习每册, 每单元之间关联紧密, 逐级推进知识点, 并设计有复习环节。整套教材四个分册之间互相配合, 全面培养学生运用语言的能力, 能达到全方位提升学习者语言能力的作用。

7. 教学资源多样化, 注重教学评价。

《新视野大学英语·读写教程》 (第二版) 同步提供课本、光盘与网络课程, 有助于学生巩固知识, 强化技能, 拓展视野。《新视野大学英语·读写教程》 (第二版) 试题库提供听、读、写、译等不同形式的测试项目。便于组织水平测试, 可利用网络、计算机实现无纸化测试, 也可以打印试卷后组织现场测试。

8. 注重培养学生的自主学习能力。

课本依然是最根本的教学工具, 同步提供的课本、光盘与网络课程, 有助于教学内容的拓宽和教学手段更新。既可以实现有教师现场指导的实时同步学习, 也可以实现在教学计划指导下的非实时自学, 还可以实现通过使用电子邮件、网上讨论区、网络通话等手段的小组合作型学习等。这些能有效地调动学生的主观能动性, 有利于其自学能力的培养。

四、《新视野大学英语》系列教材的不足

1. 教材资源的利用率无法得到保证。

我国有众多高校, 各高校教学设施、环境, 学生的基本素质、学习目标、学习方法, 教师整体水平不一。普通教室与多媒体教室, 甚至网络教室, 语言实验室的教材利用率是完全不同的。所以对于《新视野大学英语》系列教材使用方面的研究应当深化、细化, 争取能够达到活用教材。

2. 教材内容与课时量不协调。

我国高等院校非英语专业大学英语的教学课时量大多为64课时。在周课时的安排上, 精读占去一大半时间, 听说课每周一般只有一课时。听说课时安排过少, 这与《课程要求》所强调的“培养学生听说应用能力”的要求有很大差距。另一方面, 《新视野大学英语·读写教程》 (第二版) 尽管把每单元的课文压缩成两篇, 内容还是极为丰富。学校课时有限, 教师为了完成教学任务只能赶进度, 结果是一切围绕课本转, 教学会变得枯燥乏味;学生的学习兴趣也会减退。教材内容和课时不协调, 也会造成教材的利用率不理想。

3.《新视野大学英语·读写教程》第二版中的绝大多数课

文来自美国, 而且文段中高频出现了大量的美国人名、地名、美国俚语、美国词汇等。

美国人的行为模式及他们的价值观常常呈现在文本中。这一点在教学中希望引起教师的注意。教师需要补充一些英语国家如英语国家如英国、加拿大等国的社会文化背景知识。

五、结语

《新视野大学英语》的编者们用辛劳和汗水为我们奉献了一套高水平、高质量、高品位的好教材。有理由相信, 随着时间的推移, 《新视野大学英语·读写教程》 (第二版) 的优点会在今后的教学实践中不断得到验证, 不足之处也会得以改进、完善, 《新视野大学英语》将会引领我们在新世纪大学英语教学领域取得新突破、获得新成绩、迈上新台阶。

参考文献

[1]程晓堂.英语教材分析与设计.北京外语教学与研究出版社, 2003.

[2]戴波.《新视野大学英语》教材评估.首都师范大学学报 (社会科学版) , 2008.

[3]高教部高等教育司.大学英语课程教学要求 (试行) .上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2004.

[4]刘可红, 吴华.外语教育的文化取向研究——评《新视野大学英语》读写教程美国化文化取向.现代大学教育, 2005, (4) .

[5]唐庆华.新视野大学英语》读写教程多媒体课件内容简析.广西大学学报 (哲学社会科学版) , 2006, 11 (28) .

[6]陶晓莉.新视野大学英语教材评介, 四川教育学报, 2007, (23增刊) :171-172.

[7]杨红, 王浩勇.对《新视野大学英语》教材 (第二版) 读写教程的评析.科教纵横, 2008, (7) .

[8]郑树棠.新视野大学英语.读写教程第二版, 外语教学与研究出版社出版, 2002.

[9]朱月芳.《新视野大学英语读写教程》简评.科技信息.

[10]Harmer, J.How to Teach English.Beijing Language Teach-ing and Research Press, 2000.

篇4：新视野读写教程教案

【关键词】语言文化人文精神思想道德

雅斯贝尔斯认为学生所受的教育不单单是促其增长知识，更重要的是使其整个精神得以成长。莫言对文学和教育的论述意味深长：“文学和科学相比，的确没什么用处，但文学最大的用处，也许就是它没有用处。教育也如此，所谓的分数、学历、甚至知识都不是教育的本质，教育的本质是：一棵树摇动另一棵树，一朵云推动另一朵云，一个灵魂唤醒另一个灵魂。” 高职基础英语教育作为通识教育的重要组成部分，作为一种语言文学形式，在塑造学生思想道德方面发挥着重要作用，通过阅读，学生会了解到丰富有趣的人生故事，透过这些故事，学生往往会进一步思考不一样的人生，在精神层面接近那些高尚的思想道德的践行者，与高尚的灵魂对话，汲取精神成长的力量和人性的光辉。

赫伯特·斯宾塞认为“教育的目的和任务，就是为我们的完满生活做准备”，正在成长中的高职学生在生活中难免会遇到人生困惑，通过对教材重点篇章的阅读以及课堂讨论，可以帮助学生树立正确的人生观和价值观，在多元文化的熏陶下，获得成长，丰盈自己的思想，以广阔的视野看待生活。《新视野英语读写教程》第二版，作为一套高职基础英语教学中广泛使用的核心教材，细微之处贯穿了对学生思想道德教育的人文情怀，其中一些人文性较强的课文为读者展示了丰富的人生画卷，细细品读领悟生活，为学生的未来人生答疑解惑，为思想道德教育提供非常深刻的素材和思考空间。英语教师在教学中既要重视对学生“听、说、读、写、译”等语言技能的培养，也要深切理解教材的人文性，教师要贴近学生的生活，对学生情感、态度、价值观等方面给予正确引导与启发。该教材所涉及的思想道德教育元素如下：

一、入学教育

例如，当充满好奇与困惑的高职新生开始大学生活之初，《新视野英语读写教程》第二版（第一册）在开篇How to be Cool at College （在大学怎样才算酷？）中，作者循循善诱劝诫大学新生。要自强；要确立奋斗目标；作者鼓励学生勤奋而且积极向上；最后，作者引导孩子们好学并诚实治学。这些思想在课文讲解中给学生以精神启迪，使孩子们从第一天起就为度过一个充实而丰富的大学生活做好准备。

二、人生观的教育

在（《新视野英语（第二版）读写教程》第三册）Life Is Full of Choices一课中，主人公Michael是一位蕓芸众生的佼佼者，他以乐观的生活态度影响着每个人，无论顺境逆境，他把失败看成是一种学习，不怨天尤人。这些全新的观念激荡人心，学生无不动容，我们从他那里学会乐观与坚强的人生态度。Michael说“Each morning I wake up and say to myself，‘Mike，you have two choices today.You can choose to be in a good mood or you can choose to be in a bad mood.I choose to be in a good mood.Each time something bad happens，I can choose to be a victim or choose to see it as a type of learning.I choose to learn from it，to see it almost as a victory. ” Michael提出这样一个深刻主题：“Life is all about choices.You choose how you react to situations.The bottom line is：Its your choice how you live life.”

三、理想主义的教育

（《新视野英语（第二版）读写教程》第二册）Life in a Violin Case（装在小提琴盒里的生活）一文，是作者根据自己真实的人生经历撰写的，作者是一个成功的音乐家。在上大学时，因为家庭的原因，选择了经商生涯，虽说如果他一直经商他可能会成为一个非常富有的人，但是他认为经商的那段时光是他人生的蹉跎岁月；如果选择音乐作为职业，他有可能会过一种朝不保夕的生活。面对两难抉择，最终作者退出商界去欧洲学习音乐，在自己挚爱的领域颇有建树。作者为我们诠释了金钱与成功的关系，表达了理想主义的信念，面对理想与现实，相信学生会有自己的思考的视角。为学生上了一节思想教育课，哪里是生活的重要价值所在？作者这样评说——多数人认为金钱就等于成功，这样的观念深入人心，假如一个人为了幸福而放弃金钱似乎是愚蠢的，作者却说这样的愚蠢很了不起，我们常人为金钱付出的代价往往是太大了。作者犀利鲜明的思想，分析问题的视觉，给每位读者以思考空间和心灵的洗礼。

四、成功的教育

（《新视野英语（第二版）读写教程》第三册）Six Keys to Success（成功的六个诀窍）这一课，作者谈及成功的六个关键诀窍：

1.承担全部责任（take full responsbility）

2.生活要有目标（live life “on purpose”）

3.有计划（write out a plan）

4.甘愿付出代价（be willing to pay the price ）

5.成为行家里手（become an expert）

6.永不放弃（Never give up），所有这些促成成功的优良品质无一不基于这样一种思想价值体系：树立高尚的思想道德情操，有梦想，真诚热切地实现个人梦想。文中作者了描述的两个故事，使人印象深刻。他说《心灵鸡汤》的作者被一百多个出版商拒绝发表，但是他们没有放弃，最后一家公司为他们发表系列丛书，销量超过1200万册，这就是坚持的力量，对于涉世未深的高职生是一次深刻的思想教育；作者还鼓励学生不要在乎别人的评价，别人的评价不一定会成为现实，介绍了一位叫莱斯·布朗的人，命运多舛，一出生就早父母遗弃，人们认为这孩子智力低下，但是这孩子没有怨天尤人，通过自己的努力，成为俄亥俄州的政治家、作家和励志演讲家。故事激励学生为自己的人生负责，不抱怨，依靠自身的努力，改写人生。这些动人的故事激荡心灵，激励每颗年轻奋进的青年的心灵。

五、关注人格的塑造

在（《新视野英语（第二版）读写教程》第二册）Genius Characters（天才的性格）一文，作者探討了天才与性格的关系，他认为天才之所以成为天才是因为他们性格中包含着许多使他们拥有伟大思想并付诸实践的秘密，这些因素包括： Have fun（拥有乐趣）； Be curious（有好奇心）； Be brave（要勇敢）； Keep trying（坚持不懈）； Be inspired（要充满激情）； Stay fit（保持健康），作者强调这一主题：要成为天才就是达到并超越自己认为极限。在思想上教育学生向上向善，追求积极生活，构建健康人格。

六、价值观的教育

在（《新视野英语（第二版）读写教程》第二册）My First Job一课，作者描述了一个可爱的小女孩：在一个小餐馆工作，虚心向同事学习，热心服务顾客，热爱本职工作，在工作中不断努力获得顾客的认可，故事揭示了普通人的美好的生活哲学，使学生思考如何做一个普通人，如何面对挫折？如何乐观工作，做好本职工作？处处体现了小女孩美好的心灵：小姑娘在一家小餐馆工作了七年，特别尊重一位60多岁的服务员同事，向她学习，她敬重这位资深同行的自尊；广受大家喜爱的个性和敬业精神，后来，她在工作中以使顾客开心为己任，又设法赚钱，并且帮助他人。

这些平实的故事，朴实无华，贴近学生的生活，通过教师的启发与引导，学生不仅积累了语言知识，也在这些故事的影响下，丰富了孩子们的思想，这些动人的故事体现了陈寅恪先生提出的自由的精神，独立的思考这一精神，通过阅读这些外国文学故事，作者为孩子们传达了丰富的思想内涵，高尚的道德标准，孩子们懂得了人生道理，提升了思想道德的境界，正如钱钟书所说：“东海西海，心理攸同；南学北学，道术未裂”，人文社会学科的意义，在于影响孩子们的思想道德修养，这也正是我们学习第二语言的终极价值。

参考文献：

[1]郑树棠，胡全生.新视野英语教程（第二版）读写教程[M].外语教学与研究出版社，2009.3.

[2]郑树棠，周国强.新视野英语教程（第二版）读写教程[M].外语教学与研究出版社，2009.4.

篇5：新视野读写教程教案

艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。

对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢！”他们的担心不无道理。追求出人头地，最乐观地说也困难重重，许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。尽管如此，希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。享受成功的无上光荣，这种诱惑不是能轻易抵挡的。

成名者之所以成名，大多是因为发挥了自己在歌唱、舞蹈、绘画或写作等方面的特长，并能形成自己的风格为了能迅速走红，代理人会极力吹捧他们这种风格。他们青云直上的过程让人看不清楚。他们究竟是怎么成功的，大多数人也都说不上来。

尽管如此，艺术家仍然不能闲下来。

若表演者、画家或作家感到无聊，他们的作品就难以继续保持以前的吸引力，也就难以保持公众的注意力。公众的热情消磨以后，就会去追捧下一个走红的人。

有些艺术家为了不落伍，会对他们的写作、跳舞或唱歌的风格稍加变动，但这将冒极大的失宠的危险。公众对于他们藉以成名的艺术风格以外的任何形式都将不屑一顾。

知名作家的文风一眼就能看出来，如田纳西·威廉斯的戏剧、欧内斯特·海明威的情节安排、罗伯特·弗罗斯特或 T.S.艾略特的诗歌等。

同样，像莫奈、雷诺阿、达利这样的画家，希区柯克、费里尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌或张艺谋这样的电影制作人也是如此。他们鲜明独特的艺术风格标志着与别人不同的艺术形式上的重大变革，这让他们名利双收，但也让他们付出了代价，那就是失去了用其他风格或形式表现自我的自由。名气这盏聚光灯可比热带丛林还要炙热。

骗局很快会被揭穿，过多的关注带来的压力会让大多数人难以承受。

它让你失去自我。你必须是公众认可的那个你，而不是真实的你或是可能的你。艺人，就像政客一样，必须常常说些违心或连自己都不完全相信的话来取悦听众

一滴名气之水有可能玷污人的心灵这一整口井，因此一个艺术家若能保持真我，会格外让人惊叹。你可能答不上来哪些人没有妥协，却仍然在这场名利的游戏中获胜。

一个例子就是爱尔兰著名作家奥斯卡·王尔德，他在社交行为和性行为方面以我行我素而闻名于世。虽然他的行为遭到公众的反对却依然故我，他也因此付出了惨痛的代价。

在一次宴会上，他一位密友的母亲当着他的朋友和崇拜者的面，指责他在性方面影响了她的儿子。他听了她的话以后大为光火，起诉了这个年轻人的母亲，声称她毁了自己的“好”名声。

但是，他真该请一个更好的律师。

结果是，法官不仅不支持他提出的让这个女人赔偿他名声损失费的请求，反而对他本人进行了罚款。他由于拒交罚款最终还被送进了监狱。更糟糕的是，他再也无法获得更多公众的宠爱。在最糟糕的时候，他发现没有一个人愿意拿自己的名声冒险来替他说话。为保持真我，他付出的代价是，在最需要崇拜者时，谁也不理他。奇怪的是，收获最大的恰恰是失败者。他们收获了自由！

他们可以自由地表达，独辟蹊径，不落窠臼，不用担心失去崇拜者的支持。

失败的艺术家寻求安慰时，可以想想许多伟大的艺术家都是过世多年以后才成名，或是他们没有出卖自己。他们也可以为自己的失败辩解：自己的才华实在过于高深，不是当代听众或观众所理解得了的。

那些失败了却仍不肯放弃的顽固派也许会乐于知道，某些名人曾经如何越挫越勇，直至成功。美国小说家托马斯·伍尔芙的第一本小说《向家乡看吧，安琪儿》被拒39次后，才最终得以出版。贝多芬战胜了父亲认为他毫无音乐家潜质的偏见，成为世界上最伟大的音乐家。

19世纪瑞士著名教育家裴斯泰洛齐原先干的工作没有一件成功，直到他想到去教小孩子，并研究出一种新型教育模式的基础理论托马斯·爱迪生在四年级时被赶出了学校，因为老师觉得他似乎太迟钝。但不幸的是，对大多数人而言，失败是奋斗的结束，而不是开始。

对那些孤注一掷的追名逐利之徒，我要说：祝你们好运。但是，遗憾的是，你会发现这不是你想得到的。狗自逐其尾所得到的只是一条尾巴而已。

获得成功的人常常发现成功对他来说弊大于利。

所以要为真实的你、为自己的所为感到高兴，而不是拼命去获得成功。做那些你为之感到骄傲的事情。

可能在有生之年你默默无闻，但你可能创作了更好的艺术。UNIT 2

他出生在伦敦南部的一个贫困地区。

他穿的短袜是从妈妈的红色长袜上剪下来的。他的妈妈一度被诊断为精神失常。

狄更斯或许能创作出查理·卓别林的童年故事，但只有查理·卓别林才能塑造出了不起的喜剧角色“流浪汉”，这个使其创作者声名永驻的衣衫褴褛的小人物。

就卓别林而言，其他国家，如法国、意大利、西班牙，甚至日本，都比他的出生地给予了他更多的掌声（和更多的收益）。在1913年，卓别林永久地离开了英国，与一些演员一起启程到美国进行舞台喜剧表演。在那里，他被星探招募到好莱坞喜剧片之王麦克·塞纳特的旗下工作。

令人遗憾的是，20世纪二、三十年代的很多英国人认为卓别林的“流浪汉”多少有点“粗俗”。

中产阶级当然这样认为。劳动阶层反倒更有可能为这样一个反抗权势的角色拍手喝彩：他以顽皮的小拐杖使绊子，或用皮靴后跟对准权势者肥大的臀部踢一下。

尽管如此，卓别林的滑稽乞丐形象并不那么像英国人，甚至也不像劳动阶级的人。

英国流浪者并不留小胡子，也不穿肥大的裤子或燕尾服：欧洲的领导人和意大利的侍者才那样穿戴。

另外，“流浪汉”瞟着漂亮女孩的眼神也有些粗俗，被英国观众认为不太正派──只有外国人才那样，不是吗？而在卓别林大半的银幕生涯中，银幕上的他是不出声的，也就无从证明他是英国人。

事实上，当卓别林再也无法抵制有声电影，不得不为他的“流浪汉”寻找“合适的声音”时，他确实很头疼。

他尽可能地推迟那一天的到来：在 1936 的《摩登时代》里，他第一次在影片里发声唱歌。在片中，他扮演一名侍者，满口胡言乱语，听起来不像任何国家的语言。

后来他说，他想象中的“流浪汉”是一位受过大学教育，但已经没落的绅士。

但假如他在早期那些短小的喜剧电影中能操一口受教育人的口音，那么他是否会闻名世界就难说了，而英国人也肯定会觉得这很“古怪”。没有人知道卓别林这么干是不是有意的，但这促使他获得了巨大的成功。他是一个才能非凡的人，他的决心之大甚至在好莱坞明星中也十分少见。

他的巨大名声为他带来了自由，更重要的是带来了财富，他因此得以成为自己的主人。在事业发展之初，他就感到一种冲动要去发掘并扩展自己身上所显露的天才。

当他第一次在银幕上看到自己扮演的“流浪汉”时，他说：“这不可能是我。那可能吗？瞧这角色多么与众不同啊！”

这种震惊唤起了他的想象。

卓别林并没有把他的笑料事先写成文字。他是那种边表演边根据感觉去创造艺术的喜剧演员。没有生命的物体特别有助于卓别林发挥自己艺术家的天赋。他将这些物体想象成其他东西。

因此，在《当铺老板》中，一个坏闹钟变成了正在接受手术的“病人”；在《淘金记》中，靴子被放在锅里煮，靴底被蘸着盐和胡椒吃掉，就像上好的鱼片一样（鞋钉就像鱼骨那样被剔除）。

这种对事物的转化，以及他一次又一次做出这种转化的技巧，正是卓别林伟大喜剧的奥秘所在。他也深切地渴望被爱，同时也害怕遭到背叛。

这两者很难结合在一起，有时这种冲突导致了灾难，就像他早期的几次婚姻那样。然而即使是这种以沉重代价换来的自知之明也在他的喜剧创作中得到了表现。

“流浪汉”始终没有失去对卖花女的信心，相信她正等待着与自己共同走进夕阳之中；而卓别林的另一面使他的凡尔杜先生，一个杀了妻子的法国人，成为了仇恨女人的象征。

令人宽慰的是，生活最终把卓别林先前没能获得的稳定和幸福给了他。

他找到了沃娜·奥尼尔·卓别林这个伴侣。她的沉稳和深情跨越了他们之间37岁的年龄差距。他们的年龄差别太大，以致当194年他们要结婚时，新娘公布了他们的结婚日期后，为他们办理手续的官员问这位漂亮的17岁姑娘：“那个年轻人在哪儿？”──当时已经54岁的卓别林小心翼翼在外面等候着。由于沃娜本人出生在一个被各种麻烦困扰的大家庭，她对卓别林生活中将面临的挑战也做好了充分准备，因为当时关于他俩有很多毫无根据的流言。后来在他那个有那么多天才孩子的大家庭中，卓别林有时会引发争吵，而她则成了安宁的中心。

卓别林死于1977年圣诞节。

几个月后，几个近乎可笑的盗尸者从他的家庭墓室盗走了他的尸体以借此诈钱。

警方追回了他的尸体，其效率比麦克·塞纳特拍摄的启斯东喜剧片中的笨拙警察要高得多。但是人们不禁会感到，卓别林一定会把这一奇怪的事件看作是对他的十分恰当的纪念──他以这种方式给这个自己曾为之带去这么多笑声的世界留下最后的笑声。UNIT 3

人人都觉得福利救济对象是在骗人。

当我认识的许多坐轮椅的人面临与宠物猫分吃生猫食的窘境时，都会向福利机构多骗取几美元。

为了能领到一点额外的福利款，他们告诉政府说他们实际上少拿了200美元的养老金，或告诉社会工作者，说房东又将房租涨了100 美元。

我选择了过一种完全诚实的生活，因此我不会那样做，而是四处找活，揽些画漫画的活。

我甚至还告诉福利机构我赚了多少钱！哦，私下里领一笔钱当然对我挺有吸引力，但即使我挡不住这种诱惑，我投稿的那些大杂志也不会去给自己惹麻烦。

他们会保留我的记录，而这些记录会直接进入政府的电脑。真是态度鲜明，毫不含糊。作为一名福利救济对象，我必须在社会工作者面前卑躬屈膝。

社会工作者心里知道，许多救济对象在欺骗他们，因此他们觉得，作为补偿，他们有权让救济对象向他们点头哈腰。我并不是故意感到忿忿不平。

大多数社会工作者刚开始时都是些大学毕业生，有理想，而且思想开明。

可是，在这个实际上是要人撒谎的体制里干了几年后，他们就变得与那个叫“苏珊娜”的人一样了──一个穿运动短裤的侦探。去年圣诞节过后不久，苏珊娜到我家来了解情况，看到墙上贴着新的宣传画，便想知道：“你从哪儿弄到钱来买这些？”“从朋友和家人那儿。”

“那么，你最好要张收据，真的，你接受任何捐献或礼物都要报告。”她这是在暗示我：得哀求她了。但是我却将她顶了回去。“那天在马路上有人给我一根烟，我也得报告吗？”“对不起，卡拉汉先生，可是规定不是我制订的。” 苏珊娜试图就修理轮椅的问题训斥我。由于福利部门不愿意花钱好好地修理，所以它总是坏。“您是知道的，卡拉汉先生，我听说您的那辆轮椅比一般人用得多得多。” 我当然用得多，我是个工作很积极的人，又不是植物人。

我住在闹市区附近，可以坐着轮椅到处走走。我真想知道如果她突然摔坏臀部，不得不爬着去上班时，会是什么感受。政府削减福利开支已经导致许多人挨饿受苦，我只是其中之一。但它对脊柱伤残的人的影响更为突出：政府已经不管我们的轮椅了每次我的轮椅出问题，掉了螺丝，需要换个新轴承，或刹车不灵时，我都打电话给苏珊娜，但每次都要挨训。她最后总会说：“好吧，如果今天我能抽出时间的话，我会找医务人员的。”

她该通知医务人员，由医务人员来确认问题确实存在，然后打电话给各家轮椅维修公司，拿到最低的报价。接着医务人员就通知州政府的福利总部，他们再花几天时间考虑这件事。而这期间我只能躺在床上，动弹不得。最后，如果我幸运的话，他们会给我回电话，同意维修。当福利部门获悉我画漫画赚钱时，苏珊娜就开始每两个星期“拜访”我一次，而不再是每两个月一次了。她寻遍每个角落，想找出我未上报的电器，或者是女仆、烤炉里的烤猪、停在房后新买的直升飞机什么的。她从来都是一无所获，但最后我总要填厚厚的一叠表格，说明每一分钱的来历。

如何逐渐脱离福利照顾，这在法律条款中没有明确规定。我是一个独立的生意人，正在慢慢建立起自己的市场。

要脱离福利救济，一下子每月挣2, 000美元是不可能的。但我很想自己负担部分生活费用，不必在每次需要为轮椅买点配件时都去尴尬地求人。

真需要有一位律师来捍卫福利救济对象的权利，因为这一福利体制不仅容易使福利提供者滥用权力，也很容易使救济对象滥用权力前几天，由于药剂师说我使用的医疗用品超出常量，于是福利部门派苏珊娜到我的住所调查。我确实多用了，因为外科手术中切的排尿孔的大小改变了，尿袋的连接处发生渗漏。

她正做着记录，我家的电话铃响了。苏珊娜接听了电话，是一位州议员打来的，这使她慌了一下。

数以千计像我这样的福利救济对象，如果允许的话，可以慢慢地负担自己的一部分甚至全部生活费用，对此，我要不要在州政府的委员会里尝试着做点儿什么呢？

还用说吗？我当然要！总有一天，像我这样的福利救济对象将在一种新的福利制度下过上好日子，这种制度不会千方百计证明福利救济对象在欺骗，而是要鼓励他们自立。

他们将能自由地、毫无愧疚、毫不担忧地发挥他们的才干，或拥有一份稳定的好工作。UNIT 4

一个将会大大提高发展中国家生活水准的转变正方兴未艾。

一些不久前还是信息闭塞的地方正在迅速获得最新的通信技术，这将促进他们吸纳国内外投资。亚洲、拉丁美洲和东欧的许多国家也许需要10年时间来改善其交通、电力供应和其他公用设施。但是只一根直径小于半毫米的光纤电缆就可以比由铜丝制成的粗电缆承载更多的信息。

由于安装了光纤电缆、数字转换器和最新的无线传输系统，从北京到布达佩斯的一系列城区和工业区正在直接步入信息时代。一个蛛网般的数字和无线通信网络已经发展到亚洲的大部分地区和东欧的部分地区。

所有这些发展中地区都把先进的通信技术看作一种跨越经济发展诸阶段的途径。

例如，信息技术的广泛应用有望缩短劳动密集型的组装工业转向涉及工程、营销和设计的那些产业所需的时间。现代通信技术“将使中国、越南这样的国家比那些困于旧技术的国家拥有巨大的优势”。

这些国家应以多快的速度向前发展是人们争论的一个问题。

许多专家认为，越南在目前急需电话的情况下，却要求所有的移动电话都必须是昂贵的数字型电话，这种做法太超前了。一位专家说：“这些国家缺乏成本估算和选择技术的经验。”

然而毋庸争辩，通信技术将是区分输赢的关键因素。看一看俄罗斯的情况吧。

由于其坚实的数学和科学教育基础，它应该在信息时代有繁荣的发展。问题是，它的国内电话系统是一堆生锈的20世纪30年代的老古董。

为了解决这一问题，俄罗斯已经开始铺设光纤电缆，并制定了投入400亿美元建设多项通信工程的战略计划。但是由于其经济陷于低迷，几乎没有资金来着手解决最基本的问题。

与俄罗斯相比，在未来10年中，中国大陆计划对通信设备投入1,000亿美元。

从某种意义上说，中国的落后成了一种有利因素，因为这一发展正好发生在新技术比铜线电缆系统更便宜的时候。到1995年底，中国除了拉萨以外的省会都将有数字转换器和高容量的光纤网，这意味着其主要城市正在具备必需的基础设施，成为信息高速公路的主要部分，使人们能够进入系统，获得最先进的服务。电信工程也是上海实现其成为一流的金融中心这一梦想的关键。

为了能给国际投资者提供其所期望的电子数据和无纸化交易方面的出色服务，上海计划建设与曼哈顿同样强大的电信网络。

与此同时，匈牙利也希望跃入现代世界。目前，有70万匈牙利人等着装电话。

为了部分地解决资金问题，加速引进西方技术，匈牙利将国有电话公司30%的股份出售给了两家西方公司。为进一步减少电话待装户，匈牙利已将权利出租给一家荷兰－斯堪的纳维亚企业集团，来建造并经营一个据说位居世界先进行列的数字移动电话系统。

事实上，无线方式是在发展中国家快速建设电话系统的最受欢迎的方式之一。建造无线电发射塔要比翻山越岭架设线路更便宜。而且，急切盼望可靠服务的企业乐于花费可观的高价来换取无线电话服务──其资费通常是固定线路电话资费的二至四倍。

整个拉丁美洲对无线通信的需求和使用已急速增长。

对于无线电话服务商来说，没有任何地方的业务比拉丁美洲更好了──在那里有一个营运点就好像有一堆无穷无尽供你使用的钞票。

在四个无线电话市场有营运点的贝尔南方电话公司估计，来自于其每个客户的平均年收入均为2,000美元，而在美国仅为860美元产生这种情况的部分原因是拉丁美洲客户的通话时间是北美洲客户的二至四倍。

泰国也在求助于无线通信方式，以便让泰国人在发生交通堵塞时更好地利用时间。

而且在泰国，从办公室往外打电话或发传真并不那么容易：待装电话的名单上有一二百万个名字。因此移动电话在商务人士中成为时尚，他们在交通堵塞时也能与外界保持联系。

越南正在做一个最大胆的跳跃。

尽管越南人均年收入只有220美元，它计划每年增加的30万条线路将全部为有数字转换功能的光纤电缆，而不是那些以铜线传送电子信号的廉价系统。

由于现在就选用了下一代的技术，越南负责通信的官员说他们能够在数十年中与亚洲的任何一个国家保持同步。对于那些长期落后的国家来说，一跃而名列前茅的诱惑难以抵御。

而且，尽管他们会犯错误，他们仍会坚持不懈──总有一天，他们将能在信息高速公路上与美国和西欧并驾齐驱。UNIT 5

事实如此，我们孤独无依地生活着。据最近的统计，共有2,200万人独自生活在自己的住所里。其中有些人喜欢这种生活，有些却不喜欢。

有些离了婚，有些鳏寡无伴，也有些从未结过婚。

孤独或许是这里的一种民族弊病，我们羞于承认它，甚于其他任何罪恶。

而另一方面，故意选择独处，拒绝别人的陪伴而非为同伴所弃，却是美国式英雄的一个特点。孤独的猎人或探险者去鹿群和狼群中冒险，征服广袤的荒野时，并不需要有人陪伴。梭罗独居在湖畔的小屋，有意疏离了城市生活。现在，这成了你的个性。

独处的灵感是诗人和哲学家最有用的东西。他们都赞成独处，都因能够独处而自视甚高，至少在他们匆忙赶回家喝茶之前的一两个小时之内是这样。就拿多萝西·华兹华斯来说吧，她帮哥哥威廉穿上外衣，为他找到笔记本和铅笔，向他挥手告别，目送他走进早春的阳光去独自对花沉思。

他写道：“独处多么优雅，惬意。” 毫无疑问，如果自愿独处，感觉要好得多。

看看弥尔顿的女儿们：她们为他准备好垫子和毯子，然后蹑手蹑脚地走开，以便他能创作诗歌。然而他并不自己费神将诗歌写下来，而是唤回女儿们，向她们口述，由她们记下来。也许你已经注意到，这些艺术家类型的人，大多是到户外独处，而家里则自有亲人备好了热茶，等着他们回家。

美国的独处代表人物是梭罗。

我们钦佩他，并非因为他能自力更生，而是因为他孤身一人在瓦尔登湖畔生活，他喜欢这样──独居在湖畔的树林中。实际上，他最近的邻居离他只有一英里，走路也就20分钟；铁路离他半英里；交通繁忙的大路距他300码。整天都有人进出他的小屋，请教他何以能够如此高洁。

显然，他的高洁之处主要在于：他既没有妻子也没有仆人，自己动手用斧头砍柴，自己洗杯洗碟。我不知道谁为他洗衣服，他没说，但他也肯定没提是他自己洗。听听他是怎么说的：“我从未发现比独处更好的伙伴。”

梭罗以自尊自重为伴。

也许这里的启示是：自我意识越强，就越不需要其他的人在周围。我们越是感觉谦卑，就越受孤独的折磨，感到仅与自己相处远远不够。

若与别人同住，他们的小别会使你感到耳目一新。孤独将会于星期四结束。

如果今天我提到自己时使用的是单数人称代词，那么下星期我就会使用复数形式。

其他人不在的时候，你可以放飞自己的灵魂，让它充满整个房间。你可以充分享受自由，随意来去而无需道歉。你可以熬夜读书大泡浴缸、一口气吃掉整整一品脱的冰淇淋。你可以按自己的节奏行动。暂别的人会回来。

他们的冬季防水大衣还放在衣橱里，狗也在窗边密切留意他们归来的身影。

但如果你单独居住，那么朋友或熟人的暂时离别会使你感到空虚，也许他们永远也不会回来了。

孤独的感觉时起时落，但我们却永远需要与人交谈。这比需要倾听更重要。

噢，我们都有朋友，可以把大事要事向他们倾诉。我们可以打电话对朋友说我们丢了工作，或者说我们在湿滑的地板上摔倒了，跌断了胳膊。

每日不断的琐碎抱怨，对各种事情的看法和意见，积在那儿，塞满了我们的心。我们不会真打电话给一位朋友，说我们收到了姐姐的一个包裹，或者说现在天黑得比较早，或者说我们不信任最高法院新来的法官科学调查表明，独居的人会对着自己、对着宠物、对着电视机唠叨不休。我们问猫儿今天该穿蓝色套装还是黄色裙装，问鹦鹉今天晚餐该做牛排还是面条。

我们跟自己争论那个花样滑冰选手和这个滑雪运动员到底谁更了不起。这没什么不妥，也对我们有好处，而且不像有些人那么令人尴尬：在超市付款处，排在前面的女人告诉收银员，她的侄女梅利莎星期六可能会来看她。梅莉莎非常喜欢热巧克力，所以她买了速溶热巧克力粉，虽然她自己从来不喝这东西。重要的是保持理性。

重要的是不再等待，而是安顿下来，使自己过得舒服，至少暂时要这样。要在我们自身的条件下发现一些优雅和乐趣，不要做一个以自我为中心的英国诗人，而要像一个被关在塔楼里的公主，耐心地等待着我们的童话故事迎来快乐的结局。毕竟，事已至此，这或许不是我们所期望的局面，但眼下我们不妨称之为家吧。不管怎么说，没有什么地方比家更好。UNIT 6

商科学生有时对课程里包含商业道德课略感吃惊。他们通常没意识到在很多国家，形形色色的贿赂行为正日益增多。在某些国家这已成为人们几百年来的一种生活方式。假定在一场与政府官员的谈判中，贸易部长向你明确表示如能给他一大笔贿赂，那么你的商品拿到进口许可证就会容易得多，还可能避免他所说的“程序上的延误”。现在的问题是：你是被迫掏钱呢，还是坚持原则？

高尚的道德标准说起来容易，但实际上人们在这种情况下究竟会怎么做呢？早些时候，一家英国汽车制造商被指控利用一笔基金行贿，并进行其他一些可疑运作，如给代理商和客户高额回扣、提供额外折扣向一些在瑞士银行开的匿名账户汇款等。

这家汽车公司否认了这些指控，后来指控也被撤销了。

然而，当时英国汽车业里就有人准备私下里说：“瞧，我们这一行竞争激烈，每年我们汽车的海外销售额超过10亿英镑。

如果花几百万英镑能让一些客户高兴，谁会有损失呢？我们不这样干，别人也会这样干的。”

很容易产生这样的印象：贿赂以及其他可疑开支正日渐增多。的确，这似乎已成为商界的一个事实。

仅举一例：美国第三大汽车制造企业克莱斯勒汽车公司透露，它在1971至1976年间共发生了250万美元的可疑开支。这一事实的披露，使克莱斯勒与其他300多家美国公司一样，向美国证券交易委员会承认自己近年曾有过某种形式的支出，像贿赂额外打折等。

为方便讨论起见，我们可将这些支出分为三大类。

第一大类是那些为政治目的或为获得大宗合同所付出的大笔款项。

比如，有一家美国企业曾因可能违反美国商业法规而受调查，当时它捐出一大笔款项支持一位总统候选人。后来发现，这家公司也打算资助美国推翻智利政府的秘密行动。

这一大类也包括为得到武器销售或重大的石油、建筑等项目的合同而向权势家族及其身边的顾问所付出的大笔款项。

在一桩涉及对伊朗武器销售的案子中，一位证人声称一家英国公司曾付给某“洽谈人”100万英镑。此人帮忙做成了一笔向伊朗提供坦克和其他军事装备的交易。

据闻其他国家也是如此，向外国公司施压，要他们向党派组织的账户捐款。第二大类包括旨在促使政府加快对某些工程项目的正式批准而作的支出。

关于这一点有个有趣的例子：有个销售经理几个月来一直试图向加勒比地区一个国家的建工部长推销道路工程机械。后来，他想到了办法。

了解到建工部长收藏珍本书，他买了一本书的珍藏版，在书里夹了两万美元，将其送给部长。部长看了书的内容后说：“我知道这书有两卷本的。”

机敏的销售经理答道：“先生，我们公司买不起两卷本，不过可以给你弄一本带‘前言’的！” 不久，这笔生意获准了。

第三大类指某些国家按照传统做法付给在交易中起作用的人的费用。中东的一些国家和某些亚洲国家的做法都属此类。

是否有可能制订一套公司法规，防止各种类型的贿赂呢？国际商会（ICC）赞成用一套行为准则来制止行贿索贿。

这一准则试图区分哪些是真正为服务所付的佣金，哪些是等同于贿赂的过高费用。已经成立了一个委员会来实际操作这一准则。

可惜的是，国际商会委员们就如何实行这一法规的意见不一。英国委员们希望这一体系有充分的法律效力以使公司规范行事。而法国代表认为制定和实施法律是政府的事。

像国际商会这样的商业团体该做的是表明孰对孰错，而非强制实行什么。

在一家知名英国报纸上，最近有位作者指出“企业已陷入贿赂网”，人人都“贪赃枉法”。这一说法可能有些夸张。

然而，如今做海外销售的商人们常常难以做到既确保自己的商业利益，又无愧于道德良心。UNIT 7

《人类基因的历史与地理分布》尽管不是严格意义上的畅销书，却是一本汇集了50多年人类遗传学方面研究成果的好书。它对人类在基因层面上的差异作了迄今为止最为广泛的调查，得出了明确的结论：如果不考虑影响肤色、身高等表面特征的基因，不同的“种族”在外表之下相似地令人吃惊。

个体之间的差异远远大于群体之间的差异。实际上，那种认为某一种群比另一种群的基因更优越的理论是毫无科学根据的。

然而，此书还不仅仅是对目前的种族偏见理论的反驳。

这一项目的主要倡导者，斯坦福大学教授路卡·卡瓦里-斯福尔扎，与同事一起经过16年的努力，绘制了这一世界上首幅人类基因分布图谱。

此书的一大特点是提供了500多幅图，显示了相同的遗传基因所处的区域，这很像其他地图上用同样的颜色标示同样海拔高度的地区。

通过测定当前人类种群间的亲缘关系，作者们勾绘了地球上早期人类迁徙的路线。他们的研究结果相当于一份全球家谱。

他们在人类血液中找到了绘制这一家谱所需的信息：不同的蛋白质就是显示一个人的基因构成的标志。作者们利用几十年来科学家们收集的数据，汇编成了近2,000个群体中成千上万个个体的数据图。

为了确保种群的“纯正”，这项研究将对象限定于自1492年起，即欧洲最初的大规模迁徙之前就一直居住在现生活区域的那些群体。这实际上就是一幅哥伦布驶向美洲时期的世界人口基因分布图。收集血样，特别是到偏远地区的古老人群中收集血样，并非总是易事。潜在的供血者通常不敢合作，或存在宗教上的担心。

有一次在非洲农村，正当卡瓦里·斯福尔扎要从儿童身上采血时，一个愤怒的村民手执斧头出现在他面前。这位科学家回忆道：“我记得他说，‘如果你从孩子们身上抽血，我就要放你的血。’那个人是担心我们可能用这些血来施魔法。”尽管有困难，科学家们还是取得了一些引人注目的发现。

其中之一就醒目地印在此书封面上：人类基因变异彩图表明，非洲与澳洲分别位于变化范围的两端。

因为澳洲土著和非洲黑人之间有一些共同的外表特征，如肤色、体型等，所以被普遍认为有密切的亲缘关系。但是他们的基因却表明并非如此。

在所有人种中，澳洲人与非洲人的关系最远，而与其邻居东南亚人非常接近。

我们所看到的人种差异，例如欧洲人与非洲人的差异，主要是人类从一个大陆向另一个大陆迁徙时为适应气候所产生的。结合对远古人骨的研究，这一图谱证实了非洲是人类的诞生地，因而也是人类迁徙的始发地。

这些发现，再加上现代非洲人与非非洲人之间的巨大基因差异，说明了从非洲种群开始的分支是人类家谱上最早的分支。这一基因分布图谱对长期以来困绕着科学家的人种起源问题也做出了新的解释。南部非洲的科伊桑人就是一个例子。

很多科学家认为科伊桑人是一个独立的非常古老的人种。

他们语言中那种独特的短促而清脆的声音使得一些研究者认为科伊桑人是最原始的人类祖先的直系后裔。然而他们的基因却表明情况并非如此。

基因研究表明科伊桑人可能是古代西亚人与非洲黑人的混血。

图谱上显示的遗传轨迹表明这一混血人种的发源地可能在埃塞俄比亚或中东地区。

法国和西班牙的巴斯克人是人类家谱图上欧洲人分支的最特殊的成员。

他们有几组少见的基因类型，包括一种罕见血型的发生率在巴斯克人中也是最高的。他们的语言起源不明，也无法被归入任何标准的类别。

他们居住的地区紧挨着发现早期欧洲人壁画的几个著名的洞穴这一事实使卡瓦里·斯福尔扎得出这样的结论：“在欧洲最早的近代人中，巴斯克人极有可能与克罗马努人关系最直接。”

人们认为所有的欧洲人都是混合人种，有65%的亚洲人基因，35%的非洲人基因。

除了揭示人种的起源以外，基因信息对医学界来说也是最新资料。医学界希望能用人类脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）制成特别的蛋白质，这些蛋白质可能具有某种抗病药物的价值。

保护土著人权益的活动家们担心科学家可能会利用土著人：从当地人血样中提取的基因物质可被用于商业目的，而DNA 提供者却不会获得足够的报酬。

卡瓦里·斯福尔扎强调，他的工作不仅有科学意义，而且也有社会意义。他说研究的最终目的是“削弱”造成种族偏见的“传统的种族观念”。他希望这一目的会得到一直为同样目的进行抗争的土著民族的接受。UNIT 8

我清楚地记得我成为黑人的那一天。

13岁之前我一直住在佛罗里达州的一个黑人小镇伊顿维尔。小镇的居民全是黑人。

我所认识的白人都是来自佛罗里达的奥兰多或是去往奥兰多的过路人。

本地的白人骑着风尘仆仆的马匹，而北方来的旅游者则驾着汽车沿着乡下的沙土路一路驶来。小镇的人见惯了南方人，因此他们经过时小镇的人照旧大嚼甘蔗。但是看到北方人则是另一回事。

胆怯的人躲在窗帘后小心翼翼地偷看他们，胆大的则会走到屋外看着他们经过，感到很有趣，就像这些旅游者看到这村庄也感到很有趣一样。

门前平台可能是镇上其他人不敢去的地方，但对我来说，那儿就像前排座位一样。我最爱坐在门柱上。

我喜欢在那儿看人们来来往往，也不在乎让那些人知道我喜欢看他们，通常还与他们搭几句话。

我向他们挥手，如果他们也向我挥手，我还会与他们打招呼。骑马或驾车的人通常会停下来，我们不可思议地互打招呼之后，我可能会随着他们“颠儿几步”，这是我们佛罗里达最南边的说法意思是跟着他们走上一小段路。

如果正巧赶上家里人来到房前看见我，他们就会毫不客气地打断我们的交谈。

那段日子里，在我看来，白人和黑人的区别只不过是他们路过小镇，但从不住在这里。

他们喜欢听我“说几句”，喜欢听我唱歌，看我跳舞，并为此大方地给我小银币这倒使我感到意外，因为我太愿意跟他们“说上几句”，太愿意为他们唱歌跳舞了，他们给我钱时我才会停下来。只是他们不知道这一点。黑人不会给我钱，对我表现出的任何一点欢乐的苗头，他们都不赞同。但我仍然是他们的佐拉，我是属于他们，属于周围的旅馆，属于那个地方，属于每一个人的佐拉。

但我13岁时，家里发生了变故，我被送到杰克逊维尔的学校去了。离开伊顿维尔时我还是我，佐拉。

可在杰克逊维尔下了船后，原来的佐拉不复存在了。我似乎发生了巨大的变化，我再也不是伊顿维尔的佐拉了，我现在成了个小黑妞，在好些方面都是。

在镜中，在内心深处，我变成了永远不黑不白的棕色人──就像最好的鞋油，抹不掉，不褪色。

身边总有人提醒我自己是奴隶的后代，但这并没有使我沮丧。奴隶制是60年前的事了。

解放黑奴的这场手术很成功，病人的情况也不错，谢谢。这场使我从黑奴变为美国公民的可怕战争喊道“各就位！” 内战后的那段时期说“预备！”我的上一代人则喊“跑！” 就像一场赛跑一样，我飞速起跑，决不可中途停步，伤心回望。

身为黑奴是我为文明生活所付出的代价，而作出这一选择的并不是我。世界上再没有什么人有过比这更大的争取荣耀的机会了。

想想将要获得的新生活，而且我们不会有任何损失。不管我做什么，都可能得到双倍的嘉奖，或是双份的责难。想想这一点，知道这一点都令人激动不已。

占据国内舞台的中心可真刺激，而台下的观众则不知是喜是忧。我没有总是感到自己是有色人种。

甚至现在我还常常感觉自己还是伊顿维尔小镇上懵懂无知的佐拉。比如，我可以在餐馆和一位白人坐在一起。

我们闲谈一些都经历过的平常琐事，白人会安静地坐着，兴味盎然地听我讲。

有时候我不属于任何人种，我就是我自己。

但我大体上还是感觉自己像一只靠墙立着的装满各种杂物的棕色袋子。靠墙立着的还有其他颜色的袋子，白色的，红色的，黄色的倒出袋中的物品，可以发现一堆或有用或无用的小杂物：

碎玻璃块，小线头儿，一扇早已朽坏的门上的钥匙，一把锈蚀的刀，一双为某条从来没有、将来也不会有的路而准备的旧鞋，一根弯曲的钉子（它所承受过的重量足以弄折任何钉子），一两支仍散发出几许花香的干花。你手中拿的是棕色的袋子，面前的地上则是袋中所装的那堆东西──与其他袋子中所倒出的东西几乎一模一样，如果把它们混成一大堆，再分装到各自的袋中也不会有多大的不同。

多少有点有色玻璃片也没有什么关系。

也许当初上帝这个装袋者往我们各自的袋中填塞时正是这么做的，谁知道呢？

篇6：新视野读写教程教案

Unit 1 III beneath 2 disguised 3 whistles 4 restrain 5 grasp 6 longing 7 praying 8 faithful 9 pledge 10 drain IV tell …on you 2 track down 3 work it out 4 picking on me 5 reckoned with call on 7 on his own 8 get through 9 in disguise 10 revolves around V

G O D I K L B F A N VI advise 2 level 3 problems 4 necessity 5 skills 6 experience 7 solution 8 value 9 tool 10 manner VII air-conditioned(装空调的；有冷气的)2 handmade（手工制作的）3 thunderstruck（非常吃惊的）4 heartfelt（衷心的；诚挚的）5 data-based（基于数据的）6 self-employed（自主经营的）7 custom-built（定制的；定做的）8 weather-beaten（饱经风霜的）VIII

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