学术英语写作教案

撰写教案是教师备课过程中必不可少的环节,是教师备课信息经过思维加工后的输出结果。教案撰写质量,在一定程度上决定着课堂教学的效果,一份优秀教案应是教师教育理念、教学智慧、教学经验、教学个性、教学风格和教学艺术的综合体现,教师应尝试编写具有个性、富有创意、具有活力的教案。今天小编为大家精心挑选了关于《学术英语写作教案》，欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。

第一篇：学术英语写作教案

学术论文写作教案1

第四讲 学术论文的选题

一、选题的意义

1、学术论文选题、学术论文题目、学术论文主题三者的关系

1)所谓选题，是选择研究的课题;是研究的范围、对象、目标、中心和方向;是研究试图解决的一个具体问题。 2)所谓题目就是论文的名称。 3)所谓主题，就是论文表达的中心意思，体现着作者对具体问题的认识、理解和评价。

4)三者中，选题的概念较大，一个选题可以写一篇论文、也可以写若干篇。 例：电影《夜宴》

2、选题的意义

1 所谓“题好文一半”

论文的价值取决于主题、主题的确立取决于研究工作、而研究工作是否有意义取决于选题。 具体而言有如下意义

1)提出一个问题比解决一个问题更难也更重要。

因为学科的范围实在太大，选题意味着选择研究对象和范围，没有具体的选题就如同没有靶子，无法走出科研第一步。 2)关系研究内容是否有价值 所谓价值，就是有用。

①对社会(应用与基础);对学科(前沿与纵深);对个人(挑战与中庸)来说标准都不一样。

2 ②研究成果是否有生命力?“文章千古事”，即时应景是大忌。

二、选题的要求 选题的科学性与可行性

1、对科研的兴趣及具备基本的条件 1)兴趣

兴趣是最大的动力，能够忍耐工作学习中的寂寞、枯燥、折磨合痛苦。 孔子：“知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者”，否则就有抵触心理。但也要注意。单纯从兴趣出发去挑战专业以外的领域。 2)研究条件

①尽可能占有文献资料 ②要有研究基础，专业范围。

3 ③保证研究时间

2、密切联系实际的选题

结合地区、国家的实际需要。应用研究课题和基础研究课题(理工与人文)

3、选题新颖、立论根据充足、研究目标明确、研究方法科学

1)新颖，即有新见。初步写作很难。可以作为追求的目标

2)方法科学，掌握理论的“拐杖”。如各种理论武器。“重要的不是神话讲述的年代，而是讲述神话的年代”。一心为公的英雄与现下的财富英雄。

6、70年代的正面人物与当下的人物。

4、难易程度范围大小与研究条件 1)难易与范围要量力而行

4 2)现实条件，如图书资料

5、熟悉选题领域的研究状况 不用多说。 判断选题是否有价值 1)是否有开创性 2)是否有延伸性

三、选题的方法

一般讲，在阅读、整理文献时，选题就开始了。它是一个范围由宽泛、抽象到有限、具体的过程。

1、缩小观察点。《夜宴》是情感范围，但突破口是章子怡的婉后角色。只有她是人物的联结点。

2、浏览捕捉法。在材料上下功夫。

5 1)将文献资料归类 2)在点滴体会中找到灵感

3、追溯验证，主要在自然科学中

4、获得最佳选题的领域 1)学科中有争议的问题 2)社会急需的课题

3)学科历史中的攻关性课题

四、选题示范

第五讲 论文写作的具体过程

一、编写论文提纲

《文心雕龙》：“凡大体文章，类多枝源。整派者依源，理枝者循干。是以附辞会义，务总纲领。”

1、提纲的意义及重要性：

提纲就是文章的框架，犹如施工的蓝图。是给论文搭一个骨架，而这个骨架来源于作者前期对选题的初步研究结果。

但提纲又不于蓝图，施工方要严格按蓝图走，但写作的过程却是一个修修补补、不断改变设计的过程。这充分说明写作是一项具有高度创造性的工作。包括：结构安排、材料取舍、层次设置、论证的逻辑顺序等，力图达到：即使未能有明晰、畅达、连贯的思路，也应形成粗线条的逻辑体系。

否则会层次模糊、结构紊乱、详略失当。最明显的也有可能无话可说。

2、提纲的内容及格式(例)

7 1)内容：简纲：提出论文要点;编排论文目次。

详纲：既列纲目，更重要的，每部分的论点、论据、材料、论证方法甚至字数。推荐详纲。

2)格式：(例)

3、提纲的形式要求及编写方法 1)系统性、整体性 2)简明原则

二、起草论文初稿

1、初稿起草方法： 因人而异主要两种： 1)按提纲所写顺序依次写出 2)各个击破法，将论文分成不同部

8 分，按熟悉程度

2、起草初稿应注意的几个问题 1)避免知识普及型文章： 问题：论证过程罗嗦;选材不精当 2)不要做炫耀式文章：

问题：词藻华丽不等于有文采;旁征博引不易定增加文章的可信度

3)避免“浮光掠影”式文章

三、全面展开论证

论证：用论据通过一定方法和方式证明论点的过程

1、论证的一般要求 1)论点论据要统一

剔除游离于论点之外的论证。(阴谋

9 与爱情，只有两个人可以证明，太子不行)

论点和论据不统一：有观点无材料、有材料无观点、两者结合不紧密。

2)论证要步骤分明、深入浅出例：庄子《秋水》

2、论证的原则与表达 1)忌论点不明 2)忌偷换概念 3)忌循环论证 4)忌草率论证 几种方法： 1)旁征博引：

2)抽象概括：(上升理论高度)(云水谣：“意识形态腹语术”)

四、注意调整修改

1、调整修改的意义 1)负责任的表现 2)提高写作水平的途径 3)增强学术论文的理性色彩

2、调整修改的具体内容 1)论点的修正 2)论据的增删 3)论证的调整 4)文字的润色

3、调整的方法 1)调整的原则 2)调整常用的方法：

11 第六讲 社科学术论文写作、审鉴

一、社会科学学术论文含义、特点

1、论文内容：

分类：社会科学学术论文、自然科学学术论文。

社会科学：研究各种社会现象的科学，政治经济学、法学、历史学 、文艺学、美学、伦理学等。属于社会意识范畴。是“务虚”之学。

2、特点

1)抽象性：是研究有关社会本质和规律的问题，超越了具体的物质、形态研究。比如，历史学科是试图在纷繁的史料中还原所谓的历史真实。美学、文学、法学等等。抽取带有普遍意义的同

12 类事理的共性。

2)或可行(自圆其说)

研究对象是人和人类社会，其实多变、多因素、多层次、复杂的动态系统。研究者都是从某一个侧面深入其中，难免陷入盲人摸象的境地。

3)批判性

人类的认识都是累加的，所有后来的认识、知识都是一种认识批判。

4)综合性

在现代知识结构中更是如此，学科之间既相互区别，但联系也越发密切。

二、社会科学学术论文分类、写作要求

1、分类

1)理论型： 倾向于严密逻辑的推理，有谨严的体系，揭示的是人类社会和某门学科的普遍规律。哲学、法哲学、文艺学、美学等。

特征： 用纯粹抽象概念展开论述，表现为： 对概念的精确界定、对理论体系的充分展开。

2)专题性学术论文

对某一学科的具体现象展开分析。比如对文学艺术中具体的作家、作品、流派、思潮、风格进行研究。

3)考据型论文

根据历史文献、实物、文物等资料展开质疑、考察、判断研究。如《谈艺

14 录》、陕西考古队对兵马俑的研究。主要是需要第一手资料。

2、写作要求

1)具备一定的批判能力

敢于提出问题、审慎解决问题。胡适：“大胆假设、小心求证”

2)培养问题意识

具体而言，研究一个问题，要有如下追问：a这一问题前人是否已有研究?有哪些成绩?那些不足?b我的思路观点与前人相比，是否有进步?是否有独创?c支持我的观点的材料是否可靠?推理过程是否严密?方法是否科学?

3)逻辑建构能力

首先，“破”还是“立”;其次，论

15 证结构是总分总，还是变体;第三段落逻辑的前后衔接安排。

4)文献检索能力

三、社科论文的行文与表述

1、以议论性语言为主，尽量要准确严密。

2、正确驾驭资料，数据参考：1万字论文，60个工作日阅读资料、每天记笔记2-3000字、大约会有10几万字的资料积累。

3、复述引证与节录引证

1)复述：复述要忠于原作、为论点服务、目的不在叙而在议。

11

16 2)节录：原文引用，做好注释;整段引用不加引号。比正文再内所两格，一般与正文的字体不同。

注意：支持论点、翔实准确、不做“文抄公”

自然科学论文写作(略)

审鉴

四、学术论文分级(品级)

1、鉴定评审

作为科研成果通常要审定，起码要公开发表。

2、学术品位

横向：学年论文、毕业论文、学位论

17 文

纵向：学士、硕士、博士

五、如何鉴审

1、鉴审学术价值的标准 1)从标题估量

虽然负面，但可初步判断

„„我见;„„新见;„„新论;容易做的是与人“商榷”。 2)从立论估量

是否提出新问题、立起新的起点，开创学科、研究领域等。 3)从使用的资料估量

a新鲜资料的重要性，如红学、敦煌学、考古学等;

b对原有资料的科学认识和处理，如刘

18 鹗(铁云)对甲骨文的收集研究; 4)从分析论证方法上估量

使用新的研究方法会推陈出新，比如：叙事分类研究

三、学术论文的使用 高境界：对社会生产力的推动 中境界：对研究成果的纪录 低境界：为毕业、为发表、为职称

19 第七讲 学术论文的发表、论文答辩

发表

一、发表的要求与条件

出版单位的要求：思想内容、表达形式;本身质量、社会价值

1、正文的要求 1)政治性要求

政治观点正确，辩证唯物主义与历史唯物主义的把握。

2)社会价值

符合时代精神;对当下现实提出问题并解决问题;有创造性。

3)科学性要求 所谓的业务标准

2、正文的形式要求

20 正文的小标题统

一、名词术语规范、数字运用一律

3、正文的格式要求

现在此问题不大，word有统一规范。

二、投稿的操作与注意事项 写论文就要发表，注意以下事项

1、形式完整(打印稿，不存在整洁问题，但规范的形式是对编辑的尊重)

2、刊物选择

1)注意刊物级别问题

一般期刊;核心：一般、CSSCI、权威

2)注意刊物的选稿来源问题 3)注意刊物的选稿题材体裁问题 4)注意投稿时机

21

3、与编辑的联系 1)方式

登门自荐、书信联络、通过第三者推荐

2)注意事项

正常业务交往;谦虚得体

答辩

一、答辩的意义

1、考察论文真实性

较低角度：是否建立在科学基础上、是否遵循实事求是原则、是否是本人亲自撰写

2、考察论文质量

较高角度：立论、论证、材料、结

22 构、创造性

3、论文的修改补充完善

从作者角度：与专家互动过程中的受益，是学术见解的交流与深化。

二、答辩的一般程序

答辩，以专业为单位成立的答辩委员会对学术论文的集体审查。一般3-7人。

程序如下：

1、学位评定委员会主席宣布举行答辩，介绍学位申请人姓名和答辩委员会成员名单

2、主席宣布答辩开始

3、指导教师介绍申请人情况

4、申请人报告论文主要内容(时间

23 长短不等)

5、委员会成员提问、申请人(准备时间)回答

6主席宣布休会 7举行答辩委员会会议 8主席宣布复会

9主席公布评语及表决结果

三、答辩前的准备

1、心理准备 1)树立信心

整理好有关资料，自己的文章一定能讲好

2)端正态度

克服紧张畏难和漫不经心两级态度

3、内容准备

24 尽管是自己写的，也要准备答辩词 3)物质准备

主要是材料要带齐(有同学居然空手而来)

四、答辩人的程序

1、自我介绍

2、简述答辩内容

四点：选题的内容和意义;研究问题的关键;解决问题的对策和特色;对策的论据和结论。目的是表述自己对选题的把握、研究和理解的程度

注意时间(10分钟)言简意赅 3对论文作简单自我评价(可略)

五、委员会成员可能的提问点

25

1、对论文的思考点创新点比较关注

2、对论文的论点、结论比较关注

3、对论点的逻辑起点(问题的由来)及引申处比较关注

六、答辩人回答问题的注意事项

1、听清楚提问的题意 特别是没听清时一定要追问

2、通过对问题的“限定”缩小回答范围

“关于这个问题，我想着重谈一点(二点)„„”

“您这个问题我觉得主要是指„„”

3、先易后难，树立信心

26

4、简洁明快、不枝不蔓

5、坦诚直言、失言莫辩

6、把握分寸、见好就收

看一篇《论文综合症》与君共勉(星期三的班) 27

第二篇：英语写作教案

Teaching Objectives: instruct students how to finish a writing task (写作任务为2013年安徽英语高考作文 on the way to school) Teaching important points: how to help students to finish a composition of good quality in a limited time Teaching methods: discussion and presenting Teaching Procedures: Step1.Pre-writing

1.审题。

作为老师，我们首先要做到的就是教学生审题，确定文章所属的题材，了解文章的主题，并按照先后的顺序将文章分段。高中英语写作题材以说明、记叙和议论为主。以2013年高考英语作文on the way to school 为例，文章要求以在我上学的路上为背景，从遵守交通规则和注意文明举止两方面说明如何讲求文明，从我做起。这种作文应为以记叙为主，并有少量议论，“讲求文明，从我做起”为主题，“遵守交通规则，注意文明举止”为要点。段落划分为三段：第一段点明主题并交代背景：在我上学的路上；第二段从“遵守交通规则，注意文明举止”两个要点阐明如何讲求文明；第三段总结全文。

2. 学生们小组自由讨论：What bad behavior do you often run into on the way to school? 这种Brainstorming活动可以帮助激活学生们对话题的已知信息，为下一步的写作做好铺垫。 3.议题。

在审题的基础上，我们应先列出与文章主题内容有关的词汇、短语和句式，并形成写作思路。如讲文明应为be civilized, 从我做起应为start from me，遵守交通规则 obey traffic rules ，注意文明举止应为 behave yourself 或 well behaved。遵守交通规则的行为有不闯红灯 run red, 走人行横道 zebra crossing。cause harm to 造成危害；as for… 就…而言；keep… in mind 牢记在心；keep to the right 靠右；the pedestrian crossing 人行横道；regard/consider … as my duty… 把…看做职责；make a difference 有作用；有影响。讲文明的行为包括不随地吐痰spitting，不乱扔垃圾littering 。 Step 2.While - writing 第一步：学生们分小组认真读题、思考，并讨论对于这个话题他们可能会提出哪些问题（自由地，无序地，想到什么就提什么问题）。 第二步：学生们把他们的问题从语篇结构上分类。如：

第一段：目前存在的问题（紧扣主题：遵守交通和举止文明方面）及其影响 ■ How is the present situation of people obeying traffic rules? ■ How do people behave in public? ■ What are the consequences of people breaking traffic rules? ■ What effects does people’s bad behavior have? ■ …

第二段：如何解决问题（紧扣主题：上学路上，自己遵守交通和举止文明的具体做法）

■ What should we do to help to make a change? ■ What means of transport should I choose when I go to school? ■ If I take a bus to school, what should I do? ■ If I take my dad’s or mum’s car to school, what should I do? ■ If I ride a bike to school, what should I do? ■ If I walk to school, what should I do? ■ What should I do when I see some litter on the way? ■ What should I do when I see an old lady or man who wants to cross the road? ■ …

第三段：总结（感受、期望或呼吁等） ■ How do I feel about my behavior? ■ What do I anticipate? ■ …

第三步：学生们小组合作来回答这些问题。实际上这些问题的答案就基本组成了作文的核心内容。

第四步：学生们讨论需要哪些语篇结构表达。

首先，段落的主题句。

其次，语篇标志表达（Discourse Marker）。

1．过渡句。

2．“起、承、转、合”的连接表达，如： ⑴ 表并列关系的词语：

■ and, or, also，as well, too；

■ as well as…，not only…but also, both … and… ⑵ 表增补的词语：

■ in addition, furthermore, besides, moreover, again, also, what’s more, similarly…

⑶ 表转折对比的过渡词：

■ although, but, however, yet, instead, on the contrary … ⑷ 表原因的词语：

■ because, since, as, for, now that, because of, thanks to, due to, owing to, for this reason, considering that, seeing that； as a result of …

⑸ 表结果的词语：

■ so, so that, so…that, such…that，as a result；therefore； thus；consequently …

⑹ 表特定的顺序关系的词语：

■ First / Firstly, … Second / Secondly, … Third / Thirdly …

■ First of all / To begin with , then, next, finally/in the end/at last … ⑺ 表总结的词语：

■ in a word, to sum up, in conclusion, in short, in general, generally speaking, finally, to conclude …

……

最后，学生们讨论可能会用到哪些高级词汇、短语以及句型。 第五步：学生们独立完成各自的作文。 Step 3. Post-writing 1.教师需引导学生从以下四个方面对原稿进行再加工：①文章是否跑题。②开头和结尾是否点题，条理是否清晰，布局是否合理，内容是否连贯，格式是否正确。③要点是否写全，有无遗漏。④有无主谓、人称一致，有无时态、语态、冠词及名词单复数等方面的语法错误。

5、最后定稿

2.首先，同伴分享阅读，互助批改。然后，同伴推选写得较好的（也可以是随选择几篇）与全班同学分享。接下来，我对学生们写作的总体评价与反馈。

最后，同学们谈谈感受：今天的写作课我最大的收获是……

3.参考范文、佳例示范

提供佳作范文，让学生用心揣摩、赏析、学习。 附：范文佳例

On the way to School These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing serious harm to life and the environment. Changing this situation requires considerable effort on the part of everyone. As for me, it should start on my way to school. I will keep traffic rules in mind all the way. If I ride a bike, I’ll always keep to the right and never cross a road until the traffic light turns green. If I walk, I’ll never forget to use the pedestrian crossing. Meanwhile, I will regard it as my duty to help keep our environment clean and healthy. Not only will I keep from littering and spitting anywhere, I will also help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible. I hope my behavior will make a difference.

赏析：本文要点齐全，层次清晰, 表达地道，并使用相应的高级句型和高级词汇，不失为一篇佳作。

第三篇：初二英语写作教案

一.步骤

1 审题：审清作文体裁(类型)时态、人称等细节; 2 列提纲(文章结构框架)：分几段，以及每段大体内容; 3 写作：在提纲的基础上补充要点;

4 复查：看查拼写、语法、标点等问题，靠语感检查语句是否通顺、连贯等; 5 誊抄：不允许做任何的更改。 1.动笔之前，认真审题

《中考考试说明》指出，书面表达要切中题意。怎样才能切中题意?就是要认真审题，看到考题后，先不要急于动笔，要仔细看清题目要求的内容。在自己的头脑中构思出一个框架或画面，确定短文的中心思想，不要匆匆下笔，看懂题意，根据图画、图表、提纲或短文提供的资料和信息来审题。审题要审格式、体裁、人物关系、故事情节、主体时态、活动时间、地点等。 2. 围绕中心，拟定提纲

要点是给分的一个重要因素。为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点，同学们要充分发挥自己的观察力，把情景中给出的各个要点逐条列出。根据短文的中心思想考虑如何开头、展开和结尾，设想几个承上启下的连词，将主要句型、关键词语草草记下，形成提纲，写时切忌结构分散，废话连篇，严重跑题。书面表达，内容广泛，题材多样，要弄清考题的要求是写人、叙事、介绍、评论、图表、书信、日记、通知、便条还是看图作文或改写缩写。如果是日记，要写清年、月、日和天气情况;如果是书信，则要注意书信的格式，注意短文字数不要低于或超过规定的字数太多。

3.中考作文时，由于时间紧、内容多，同学们出错在所难免。因此，改错这一环节必不可少。中考作文评卷是根据要点、语言准确性、上下文的连贯性来给分，根据错误多少来扣分。因此，中考时花几分钟时间用来检查错误显得尤为重要。检查错误应从以下几个方面入手：

(1) 格式是否有错。 (2) 拼写有无错误。 (3) 语言是否用错。 (4) 时态、语态错误。 (5) 标点错误。 (6) 人称是否用错。

二.作文一般框架：文章分3段：

(1)综述：概括性强，最多2句话引入主题; (2)正文——主要内容：层次性强，一定要有过渡型连接词。最多展开3 个方面，每个方面最多2句话;

(3) 结尾：紧扣主题，2句话内结束，尽量升华。

三.技巧

1. 上下文要连贯。上下文的连贯性也是评分的一条原则，因此同学们应把写好的句子，根据故事情节，事情发生的先后次序(时间或空间)，使用一些表示并列、递进等过渡词进行加工整理，使文章连贯、自然、流畅。 连接词1) 表示并列关系的过渡词：and, as well as, or … 2) 表示转折关系的过渡词：but, yet, however …

3) 表示时间关系的过渡词：first, second, third, and then, finally, after, before, after a few days, at last, at that time, later, in the past, immediately, in the meanwhile, when, while, then, after that …

4) 表示空间关系的过渡词：near (to), far (from), in the front of, beside, behind, beyond, above, below, to the right, to the left, on one side, on the other side of, outside … 5) 表示比较关系的过渡词：in the same way, just like, just as …

6) 表示对照关系的过渡词：but, still, yet, however, on the other hand, in spite of, even though …

7) 表示递进关系的过渡词： also, and, then, too, in addition, moreover, again …

8) 表示因果关系的过渡词：because, since, then, thus, otherwise, so, therefore ,as a result…

9) 表示解释说明的过渡词：for example, in fact, in this case, for, actually …

10) 表示强调的过渡词：in fact, indeed, necessarily, certainly, without any doubt, truly, most important …

11) 表示目的的过渡词：for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order that, so as to, in order to, …

12) 表示列举的过渡词：for example , such as …

13) 表示总结性的过渡词：in conclusion, finally, at last, in brief, as has been stated, in a word, in general, in all, in a word, generally speaking …

2.句型

在各种…之中…

Among various kinds of …,

e.g. Among various kinds of sports, I like jogging in particular. 就我的看法…;我认为… In my opinion, … = To my mind, ….

= As far as I am concerned, …

e.g. In my opinion, playing computer games not only takes much time but is also harmful to health. 根据我个人经验…

According to my personal experience, … = Based on my personal experience, …

e.g. According to my personal experience, smile has done me a lot of good. 俗语说得好：「…」。

Well goes an old saying, "…"

= As an old saying goes (runs, says),"…“

e.g. As an old saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way." (A) …用下列方法… in the following ways. (B) …有三个主要理由。 … for three major reasons. e.g. I build my confidence in the following ways. People learn a foreign language for three major reasons. 换言之…

in other words, …

e.g. In other words, I will try my best to live up to my goal. 曾经…最…的… 最高级+ 现在完成时

Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.

3.不会表达时 (1) 迂回而行

当汉语词义不会用英语表达时，可以想一个与这个汉语词义相似的几种词义。扩展思路，然后从英语中找出一个与其词义相近的代替。这样可有异曲同工之妙。 (2) 小词大用

汉语中有些语意看来很复杂很文雅，但在英语中可用一些常用词表达。下面这些词可能在你的书面表达中很有用：take, have, get, make, come, go, do, see, show, happy, nice, kind, help 等。 (3) 借花献佛

有时书面表达中需要的单词或词组或许在试卷中的其他地方出现。因为刚刚做过题，记忆犹新，那么就可信手拈来，为我所用。

注意事项 1. 时态一致

必须注意所用时态符合上下文。如果用过去时叙述一个故事，就要保证通篇都用过去时，不要在作文中间变成现在时。同样，如果是在谈论普遍问题、现状或日常习惯，就要用现在时，而不要用过去时

Yesterday I did my homework. It takes me

three hours.

His father thought he is good at math.

2. 主语一致

应该保持全文人称一致，这样读者才能跟随一个逻辑思维顺序。否则读者会感到困惑。

e.g. Although you may fail the exam, he can still be useful to the country. 3. 主谓一致/人称一致

确保语法正确。

e.g. Things I hate to do is doing homework.

Every people start to learn English. 4. 词序/语序

它能够帮助准确表达作者本意并并避免意义含糊不清。注意要让句子尽量保持英语的表达习惯。

e.g. I already have had lunch.

She with her mum traveled to Italy

In China, he knew there were big floods. 5.避免词的重复。

e.g. All in all, we had a wonderful trip. We travelled across Sydney, Canberra and Melbourne. We saw the beautiful coast of Queensland. We toured all of Perth. We had a great visit with Dan. Perhaps we will go again next winter.

第四篇：英语写作教案 2

XXXXXX学院教案

2013—2014学第一学期

授课课程：英语写作 授课教师：XXXX 授课班级：交流生项目英语强化班

1 授课章节名称 Chapter 1 Using proper words 教学目的与要求 Grasp correct usage of words 教学重点 Diction

教学难点 The ways of distinguishing the levels of words 思考题与作业 Task 1-2 教学内容、设计与时间安排：

I. Teaching method: Discussion and interaction II. Teaching procedures

Step 1. Revision and lead-in 1. Tell the function of the words 2. Discuss the synonyms and antonyms Step 2. Presentation: Ⅰ. Types of words

The words that are often used may be divided, from a stylistic point of view, into three types: formal, common, and colloquial Formal words may also be called learned words, or literary words, or bigwords. They mainly appear in formal writing, such as scholarly or theoretical works, political and legal documents, and formal lectures and addresses. Many such words contain three or more than three syllables; most of them are of Greek or Latin origin. They are seldom used in daily conversation, except for special purposes. Ⅱ. Choice of words

The meaning of a word has two aspects: denotative and connotative. A word’s denotation is what it literally means, as defined by the dictionary; its connotation is the feeling or idea suggested by it. For instance, country, nation, state and land have more or less the same denotation and may all be translated into guojia in Chinese, but their connotations are quite different. Country refers to an area of land and its population and government, nation emphasizes the people of a country, state refers to the government or political organization of a country, and land is less precise but more literary and emotive than country. As compared here, these four words may be said to be synonyms. English is particularly rich in synonyms as a result of incorporating words from other languages over the centuries. But we should remember that it is difficult to find two words that are exactly the same in meaning and use. They may be different in stylistic level, in the degree of emphasis, in emotional coloring, in tone, and in collocation. Small and little are often interchangeable, but there is some difference in emotional coloring between them. Small is objective, while little may imply a feeling of fondness. Modest and humble both indicate a lack of pride, but modesty is a virtue and humbleness is not. Humble often connotes undue self-depreciation. So they are different in tone: one is laudatory and the other is derogatory. Some synonyms have different collocations: they are habitually used with certain words. Large, not big, for instance, is used to modify nouns like amount, number and quantity (a large amount of money, a large number of people, a large quantity of beer, etc.). Similarly, with nouns denoting personal qualities, such as courage, confidence, ability, and wisdom, not big or large, but great, is commonly used.

Ⅲ.General and specific words and synonyms

Comparatively speaking, some words are more general or more specific in meanin

2 g than others. Professionals, for instance, is more general than scientists, doctors, teachers, lawyers, journalists, etc. all of which are more specific. But scientists may be called a general word when compared with physicists or chemists, which, in turn, is more general than biochemists. It is easy to see that the specific words on the right are much more concrete and colorful than the general ones on the left; they seem to make the reader see, hear, or feel what the writer wishes to describe. Using specific words should go along with providing details, and then there will be effective and impressive writing. Study the following examples. Ⅳ. Idioms and some phrases

An idiom is a fixed group of words with a special meaning which is different from the meanings of the words that form it. To read a book‖, for instance, is not an idiom, for the meaning of the phrase is the meanings of the three words put together, and ―a book‖ can be replaced by other words like ―a newspaper‖ or ―a novel‖. To ―read between the lines‖ is different. The four words that form the phrase give no hint as to what it means and none of the words can be changed to form another understandable phrase. Idioms are frequently used in speech and writing. They help to make one’s language sound natural and idiomatic. But in using them foreign learners of English should remember the following two points: (1) most idioms are informal or colloquial in style and can be used in conversation; but a few are slang and should be used with care, such as all balled up, meaning troubled or confused, and to cough up, meaning to produce something; (2) many idioms have become clichés and are no longer fresh or interesting, such as armed to the teeth and as good as gold, and should be used sparingly. Step 3. Practice: List some idioms, such as: Practice makes perfect. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. All roads lead to Rome. Step 4. Summary:

1. Make a brief summary of the word usage 2. Summarize the synonyms Step 5. Assignment: Chapter 1 Finish doing the task 1,2 ,3 on p2-14

3 Chapter 2 Making correct and effective sentences 教学目的与要求 Grasp the coordinative and subordinate sentences 教学重点 The ways of making complex sentences in writing 教学难点 The ways of making complex sentences in writing 思考题与作业 Task 1-13 教学内容、设计与时间安排：

I. Teaching method: Discussion and interaction II. Teaching procedures

Step 1. Revision and lead-in

1. Review the ways of complex sentence making

2. Discuss the functions of coordination and subordination Step 2. Presentation:

I. coordination and subordination

1. Some sentences follow climactic order, the last word being the most important, and because many words are piled up before the key word, the sense of climax is made very strong. Most of the sentences are compound and compound-complex, and all of them, except the second half of the last sentence, are loose in structure. There is no suspense or climax; the tone is easy, relaxed and informal. The writer uses these loose sentences because he is enumerating facts or ideas of equal importance, and also because he aims at a natural and orderly presentation. Loose sentences are easier, simpler, more natural and direct; periodic sentences are more complex, emphatic, formal, or literary. When a sentence contains two or more chapters of the same form and grammatical function, it is one with parallel constructions: Such parallel sentences are emphatic and forceful. When a sentence contains two parallel clauses similar in structure but contrasted in meaning, it is a balanced sentence. Balanced sentences are impressive because of the contrast, and pleasing to hear because of the rhythm. They are mainly used in formal writing, like expository and argumentative prose, and speeches. 2.Figures of speech

There are various ways of using words figuratively. They are called figures of speech. Among the most common of them are: 1. Simile it is a comparison between two distinctly different things and the comparison is indicated by the word as or like: 2. Metaphor it is the use of a word which originally denotes one thing to refer to another with a similar quality. It is also a comparison, but the comparison is implied, not expressed with the word as or like. If Robert burns had written ―0 my loves a red, re rose‖ with the word like omitted, he would have used a metaphor instead of a simile. In the changed line, my love‖ is also compared to a red rose, but there is no word to indicate the comparison; hence rose is a metaphor.

Step 3. Practice: Make some coordinative and subordinate sentences according to the knowledge mentioned above.

Step 4. Summary: 1. Make a brief summary of the ways of making oordinative and subordinate sentences 2. Summarize the contents of this subject

Step 5. Class writing Exercise: Solar Energy Reference answer: The energy crisis the world is now experiencing has forced scientists to investigate new sources of energy. It is clear that the fossil fuel era is gradually coming to an end. Oil and nat

4 ural gas will be depleted first, followed eventually by coal. The need for developing energy alternatives is thus evident. Solar power is receiving wide attention as one of the possible best sources of energy. It has mainly two factors in its favor. Firstly, unlike fossil fuels, it is an environmentally clean source of energy. Secondly, it is an abundant and inexhaustible source of energy. However, solar power has its disadvantages. One of them is that large collecting areas are required. The second disadvantage is that this system would not work in a cloudy area as well as at night. However, in sunny area, solar power could help solve the energy crisis.

Step 6. Assignment: Chapter 2 Task1,2 P28-34

授课章节名称 chapter 3 Developing paragraphs

5 教学目的与要求 Grasp the skills of developing paraphs 教学重点 The ways of skillfully using emphatic sentences 教学难点 Grasp the skills of wring effective sentences 思考题与作业 Task 13-20 教案内容：

I. Teaching method: Discussion and interaction II. Teaching procedures

Step 1. Revision and lead-in

1. Review the functions of coordination and subordination 2. Discuss the skills of wring effective sentences Step 2. Presentation: Effective Sentences 1. Unity Unity is the first quality of an effective sentence. A unified sentence expresses a single complete thought. It does not contain ideas that are not closely related, nor does it express a thought that is not complete by itself. 2.Coherence Coherence means clear and reasonable connection between chapters, a sentence is coherent when its words or chapters are properly connected and their relationships unmistakably clear. It is not coherent if it has faulty parallel constructions, pronouns with ambiguous reference, dangling or misplaced modifiers, confusing shifts in person and number, or in voice, tense, and mood. Parallel ideas had better be expressed in parallel constructions, which give emphasis, clarity and coherence to a sentence. ―what he says‖ and ―his deeds‖ are not parallel in form, so one of them has to be changed. The second sentence is faulty for the same reason and can be improved in the same way. In the third, ―faith‖ and ―hope‖ are parallel, but they should be followed by different prepositions. The three sentences are labeled ―faulty‖ because of the unclear or wrong connection between certain chapters. In the first sentence ―about sportsmen‖ seems to modify ―magazine,‖ but it should modify ―story.‖ In the second the which-clause is related to ―bag‖ but apparently it is meant to modify ―books.‖ In the third ―at first‖ may modify ―mentioned‖ and may also modify ―sounded‖ –an ambiguity that should be cleared up. All the faults are caused by misplaced modifiers. The faulty sentences are not coherent because of a confusing change in person, in number, in mood, and in voice respectively. A sentence should be consistent in these respects. Unnecessary shifts should be avoided. 3. Conciseness

Chapter 7 writing for practical purpose letters

6 教学目的与要求 Grasp the skills of writing personal and business letters 教学重点 The ways of writing business letters 教学难点 The ways of writing business letters 思考题与作业 Task 19-26 教学内容、设计与时间安排： 教案内容：

I. Teaching method: Discussion and interaction II. Teaching procedures

Step 1. Revision and lead-in 1. Review the skills of notices and note writing 2. Discuss the skills of writing personal and business letters Step 2. Presentation: I. Letters

Letters are important means of communication. Generally speaking, there are two types of letters, business letters and personal letters. … 1. Form A letter has six chapters: the heading, the inside address, the salutation, the body, the complimentary close, and the signature. (1) The heading The heading gives the full address of the writer and the date of the letter. … (2) The inside address The inside address, which is often omitted in personal letters, gives the name and full address of the addressee. (3) The salutation The salutation is a greeting to the addressee. It is written flush with the left margin two spaces below the inside address. (4) The body In the body of the letter, all paragraphs should begin flush with the left margin (the block style) or begin with an equal indention (the indented style), and the letter is usually single-spaced within the paragraph and doubled-spaced between paragraphs. (5) The complimentary close The closing of a business letter consists of three chapters: complimentary close, signature, and the typed name. In the complimentary close, only the first word is capitalized. …

2. Language

The style and tone of letters can be greatly varied. General speaking, the style and tone of a personal letter differ from those of a business letter-the former is casual, whereas the latter is formal. … (1) Business letters 1) Invitation 2) Application for entry to a college 4) Applications for visas (2) Personal letters II.. Curriculum Vitae A curriculum vitae(c. v.) or resume is a short written account of the main events of one’s life. It is often required when one applies for a job. … 1. Name; Unlike most Westerners. We Chinese put our family name at the beginning as surname, whereas they put it at the end as last name. … 2. Address: If you like, you may write both your business or temporary address and your home address for example: … 3. Telephone: (0) or(W) is put after your office telephone number and (H), your home telephone number. 4. Marital status: Put single or married(, no/two children). 5. Education: schools should be listed either in chronological order (usually starting from the year when you entered college or when you got your first degree) or from the most recent backwards with the dates of attendance. … 6. Professions/work Experience: Under this heading, in addition to the date, write also your position/title and the name of the institution. For example: … 7. Awards/Honors and scholarships: these include scholarships, fellowships, grants, etc: 8. Publications: Books and articles follow the format of the bibliography card in chapter Eight The Research Paper, with the name of the author omitted. … 9. Professional Affiliations/Memberships: Examples under this heading are: 10. Lang

7 uages: You may write the following under this heading: 11. References/Referees: They are people who know you and can offer information or recommendation. The normal number of references is two or three, and it is imperative that you obtain their permission before using their names. In addition to names of your references, provide also their positions, full addresses and telephone numbers. Step 3. Practice:

Discuss the method of writing a business letter with the method mentioned above. Step 4. Summary:

1.Make a brief summary of the ways of letter writing 2.Summarize the contents of this subject Writing exercise: Write a personal letter to your friend (about 200 words) Step 5. Assignment: Chapter 7 Task11-20 p202-216

授课章节名称 Chapter 8 Preparing research papers Steps and formats

8 教学目的与要求 Grasp the methods of writing the research paper 教学重点 The format of research paper 教学难点 The format of research paper 思考题与作业 Task 1-7

教学内容、设计与时间安排、教案内容：

I. Teaching method: Discussion and interaction II. Teaching procedures

Step 1. Revision and lead-in

1. Review the skills of writing personal and business letters 2. Discuss the methods of writing the research paper Step 2. Presentation: I. Definition and Purpose

Having learned how to write essays, we are now working at the highest and the most difficult stage of writing—thesis writing or writing of a research paper. … In the process of preparing a research paper, we may at least achieve the following: 1) we may learn how to use libraries, how to read books critically and efficiently, and how to use them wisely and correctly. 2) we may familiarize ourselves with the knowledge and mechanics necessary for writing a research paper.

II. Steps

We go through five steps or stages in the process of preparing a research paper: 1) choosing a topic; 2) collecting information; 3) analyzing the information, organizing ideas, and working out an outline; 1. Choosing a Topic The selection of a topic is the first important step in preparing a research paper. An inappropriate decision about a research topic may lead to the failure of the whole project, or at least a waste of time and energy. … 1) Selecting a general topic 2) Reading and thinking 3) Narrowing down the scope of our topic to a facet or facets which can be developed into a research paper. The following points may be used as a set of criteria for our final topic: (1) It should be a topic that is meaningful and serious. (2) It should be a topic which we are able to handle. (3) It should be a topic for which sufficient materials are available. (4) It should be a topic that can be treated objectively, a topic that does not involve personal likes or dislikes. The following example shows how to restrict the scope and how to work out a suitable topic for a research paper: It should be a topic which we are able to handle. 2. Collecting information It is impossible for us to write a paper of some significance without any information, … 1) Using the library A library is a center of information. … Sample 1 About the adventures of march in the title catalogue file, we can find one of more cards for the novel published by different companies and at different times:… 2) Reading Most of the information or raw material for a paper will come from books, … 3) Taking notes While reading, we should take notes because it is almost impossible for us to remember everything we have read and without good notes it is very difficult for us to produce a good research paper. 3. Analyzing the information, organizing ideas and working out an outline 1) The thesis statement 2) Outlining

4. Writing The First Draft 1) Using our own words 2 Using the proper tenses

9 3) Uniting facts and views 4) Paying attention to logic and organization 5) Making our tone objective rather than personal 6) Choosing the right style

5. Revising the Draft and Finalizing the Paper III Format

1. components of a paper 1) thesis statement and outline 2) Introduction 3) Body 4) Conclusion 5) In-text notes and works cited

2. Use of Quotations 1) Rules regarding the use of quotations 2) When to use direct quotations 3) How to use direct quotations 3.Use of notes 1) Avoiding plagiarism 2) note forms 3) Notes for supplementary information 4. Works cited 1) The book catalogue 2) Making bibliography 3) Bibliography cards for books Step 3. Practice: Discuss the method of writing a research paper with the method mentioned above. Step 4. Summary: 1.Make a brief summary of the ways of research paper writing 2.Summarize the contents of this subject

第五篇：英语高级写作课程教案

学期：2012 — 2013学年第2学期 学时：32 学分：2 授课对象：外国语学院10级英语专业学生 教

材：《写作教程 第四册》，2007，

上海外语教育出版社 任课教师：宇文静 陈琳

1.课程成果：

通过本课程的学习，学生能够初步掌握科学研究的基本方法和能力，巩固和加深所学的基本理论和技能，了解英语论文写作的有关知识、技巧、和策略，选择和确定适当的论文题目，初拟论文提纲。

2.教学方法：

课堂讲授，举例，演示

3.课程考核：

课程成绩(100%)=平时考核(100%)+期末考试(0%) 平时考核 100分=100分+0分

1.平时成绩：100分折合为总成绩的100% 注： 100分： 作业8次中取5次，每次20分;

0分： 随机抽查5次出勤，不计分，3次无故缺勤者取消其成

绩。

2.期末成绩：无 3.考试方式：大作业

1 Lecture 1: Introduction to Thesis Writing (Unit 1)

一、 课程成果(Outcome)

1. Understand the aim of the course 2. Grasp generally some information about graduation thesis 3. Understand what constitutes a good topic for research

二、 学时安排 2 hours

三、重点难点

1. Principles and Requirements of Graduation Thesis 2. Components of Graduation Thesis 3. Steps of Graduation Thesis Writing

四、教学内容

Introduction to Graduation Thesis 1 What is a thesis?

It is a research paper composed by a college student when he/she has finished college study with the help of his /her supervisor, which is also called graduation thesis. 2 Significance of thesis writing a. Institutional purpose: b.

Personal purposes: 3 Scales of thesis writing Literature, Translation, Linguistics, TEFL, Cross-Culture, Other social science ( e.g. Business English, EST, etc.) 4 Evaluation of a thesis Letter grade ( A. B. C. D. F) is based on its content, structure, language and format. Apart from that, oral defense also counts in many colleges, and so does it in our institute. 5 Principles of thesis writing Learning Principle; Independence Principle; Scientific Principle; Scholarly Principle; Creative Principle; Norm Principle. 6 Requirements of thesis writing Length; Format; Content; Book binding and layout. 7 Steps of Graduation Thesis Writing Choose a topic, collect and organize materials, compose the first draft, revise the draft and finalize it.

五、作业

Read Unit 2 after class..

Lecture 2: Choosing a Topic for a Thesis (Unit 2)

一、 课程成果(Outcome)

1. Know what steps to follow when choosing a topic 2. Learn how to improve topics that have problems

2

二、 学时安排 2 hours

三、重点难点

Know how to work out an effective research topic.

四、教学内容

1. Principles for choosing a thesis topic Significance (Importance) and Interest; Manageability/Practicality; Flexibility 2. What topics should be avoided? 3. Process of choosing a topic Decide on the subject area---------Choose a topic---------Focus into a question---------Design a title 3.1 Subject areas: literature, linguistics, translation, TEFL, cross-culture and other subject areas 3.2 Finding a Research Problem 3.3 Design a title 4. Exercise 1: literary criticism /comparative study Exercise 2: revise the following topics

五、作业

Search for as many thesis titles as possible to get the idea of title designing and design your own title. .

Lecture 3: Collecting & Organizing Material (Unit 3)

一、 课程成果(Outcome)

1. Learn how to find and evaluate the sources 2. Learn how to document the sources .

二、 学时安排 2 hours

三、重点难点

Choose proper material; write a thesis statement.

四、教学内容

1 Major sources of related literature 2 Guidelines for choosing proper materials 3 Documenting material 4 Reading in depth Exercise : Analyze the different parts of the following thesis statement.

五、作业

Read the textbook Unit 3 and create your working bibliography, using APA style.

3 Lecture 4: Outlining a Thesis (Unit 6)

一、 课程成果(Outcome)

1. Know the format of an outline 2 Be familiar with the types of outline 3 Grasp how to construct an outline.

二、 学时安排

2 hours

三、重点难点

1 The format of an outline 2 How to construct an outline .

四、教学内容

1 What is an outline? 2 The Benefits of an Outline 3 Process of constructing a thesis 4 Types of the outline 5 Formats of the outline 6 Conventions and contents of outlines 7 Principles for Structuring an outline Exercise: Outlining the following thesis

五、作业

Based on your topic and thesis statement, with the accumulation of related material, please construct your own outline.

Lecture 5: Introduction Writing (Unit 7)

一、 课程成果(Outcome)

Master the elements of the Introduction chapter of a thesis.

二、 学时安排 2 hours

三、重点难点

Understand and know how to compose the Introduction chapter.

四、教学内容

Components of the Introduction Chapter:  Introduction  Background of the study

 The professional significance of the study  Overview (structure) of the thesis Exercise:

Find the problems in the Introduction chapter of the thesis at hand.

五、作业

Finish the introduction chapter for your thesis.

Lecture 6: Literature Review (Unit 7)

一、 课程成果(Outcome)

1. Know what are included in a literature review 2 Know how to compose a literature review .

二、 学时安排 2 hours

三、重点难点

Master how to organize a literature review and how to summarize and paraphrase.

四、教学内容

What is a Literature Review? Procedure for Writing a Literature Review Exercises:

1: Find a focus for the following titles 2: Write a Summary

五、作业

Write a literature review briefly.

Lecture 7: Quotation (Unit 8)

一、 课程成果(Outcome)

Master the way of quotation.

二、 学时安排 2 hours

三、重点难点

Different quotation formats for different material.

四、教学内容

Differences between quotation and citation Types of quotation: direct and indirect Quotation of different material: Poetry, drama, etc. Exercise:

Revise each of the following sentences, deleting quotation marks used inappropriately, moving those placed incorrectly, and using more formal languages.

五、作业

Remember the format of quotation.

5 Lecture 8: Citation (Unit 8)

一、 课程成果(Outcome)

Master the way of citation.

二、 学时安排

2 hours

三、重点难点

Different citation formats for different material.

四、教学内容

Purposes of documentation Types of citation: In-text Citation and References Formats of In-text Citation: MLA, APA, Chicago Manual style

五、作业

Remember the APA format of citation.

Lecture 9: Methodology (Unit 4)

一、 课程成果(Outcome)

1. Know how to conduct a research in a linguistic thesis 2. Know how to write the methodology part in a linguistic thesis 3. Know how to write a good findings and discussion

二、学时安排 2 hours

三、重点难点

Master how to conduct a research in a linguistic thesis.

四、教学内容

Definition of Methodology Methodology in a thesis on linguistics 1. Components 2. Organization

3. How to carry out research 4. Findings and Discussion Exercise: Analyze samples: What research tools are used? How?

五、作业

Learn SPSS after class: SPSS教程 .

6 Lecture 10: Methodology (Unit 4)

一、 课程成果(Outcome)

1. Know how to design a good questionnaire; 2. Master the methods to interpret a work of literature.

二、学时安排 2 hours

三、重点难点

Master questionnaire design and how to interpret a work of literature.

四、教学内容

Questionnaire design 1. Criteria for a good questionnaire 2. Steps for questionnaire design 3. Exercise: Process the following data Methodology in a Literary Thesis 1. Methods: explication(解读), analysis, comparison and contrast 2. Literature Criticism:

五、作业

Design a questionnaire to collect opinions of the second- year Non-English majors on their L2 learning strategies. 中国非英语专业大二学生英语学习策略

Lecture 11: Conclusion, Abstract & Acknowledgements (Unit 7)

一、 课程成果(Outcome)

1. Know how to write the Conclusion of a thesis 2.Know how to write the Abstract of a thesis 3 Know how to draft Acknowledgement.

二、学时安排 2 hours

三、重点难点

Master Conclusion writing and Abstract writing.

四、教学内容

Conclusion Writing 1. Restatement 2. Summary 3. Future research direction Abstract Writing 1 Types of Abstract: descriptive and informative

7 2. Requirements 3 Key Words Acknowledgements 1. Purposes 2. Requirements Exercise: Read the following abstracts and then discuss the merits and defects of the abstracts.

五、作业

Choose key words for your thesis.

Lecture 12: Format-Listing Sources (Unit 8)

一、 课程成果(Outcome)

Know how to document sources at the end of the thesis.

二、学时安排 2 hours

三、重点难点

Master the use of punctuations and italicization.

四、教学内容

Basic rules for bibliographic citation 1. Authors 2. Books 3. Author with an editor 4. Author with an translator 5. Work in an anthology 6. Magazines 7. Encyclopedia or dictionary entry 8. Electronic sources 9. Notes: Chinese references Exercise: Create the Reference entry with the given information

五、作业

Design your own references.

Lecture 13: Format and Mechanics (Unit 8)

一、 课程成果(Outcome)

Know some rules of format and mechanics.

二、学时安排 2 hours

三、重点难点

Master Contents format and Page number format.

四、教学内容 Format 1 Contents 2 Tables and figures 3 Page numbers Mechanics 1 Capitalization 2 Abbreviations 3 Italicizing and underlining 4 Numbers 5 Tables and Figures Exercise Find out the problems of the following Contents

五、作业

根据以下论文内容，加页码并自动生成目录

Lecture 14: Language Style (Additional Material)

一、 课程成果(Outcome)

Know the characteristics of thesis language.

二、学时安排 2 hours

三、重点难点

Master diction and voice.

四、教学内容 Diction: formal Tone: Judgment: careful and impartial basic tone: rational, impersonal and unemotional Voice: third-person pronouns (he, she, they or it)—subjects of sentences Economy: write concisely and straightforwardly Use of Tenses: 1. Literature 2. Theory or philosophy 3. Research results 4. Review of literature Unbiased language Constructing paragraphs a paragraph—a single unit declare a point—offer support for the point

9 A topic sentence—a tiny thesis statement Exercise: Find out the problems of these sentences.

五、作业

Revise your introduction and literature review parts.

Lecture 15: Summary (Unit 9)

一、 课程成果(Outcome)

Get a systematic idea of thesis writing.

二、学时安排 2 hours

三、重点难点

Master the requirements of structure, language and format.

四、教学内容

Title: informative, revealing Abstract: should contain the following elements Research topic, research purpose, research methods, research results, implications, conclusion. Key words: high frequency in the thesis, focus of the thesis, 3-5 words Introduction: a. Background of the study

b. The professional significance of the study c. Overview (structure) of the thesis Literature Review: Cover the basic categories • Introduction: central theme or organizational pattern • Body: Organize sources chronologically, thematically, or methodologically • Conclusions/Recommendations: Discuss what you have drawn from reviewing literature so far. Where might the discussion proceed? Methodology:

what (tool/instrument); Who(subjects); How(data collection, procedures) Findings: Data presentation & data description Discussion:

Supplying meaning to statistics, tables, charts, etc.

Making comments that are relevant to the research intention/purpose Conclusion:

Restate the research purpose, some background information, etc; Summarize research design, results, interpretation and implication, etc; Suggest future research direction by pointing out limitations of the study and tentative proposals for future research. Acknowledgements:

a. confined to one page, immediately after the Conclusion b. language: sincere, brief, proper

10 c. Order: More important-less important; Individual – collective References:

英文参考文献基本格式：

期刊： 作者. 文章名.(需用引号，且引在“.”之外)期刊名(斜体). 第几期(年代)：页码. 专著： 作者. 文献题名(斜体). 出版地：出版社, 出版年.

中文参考文献基本格式：

专著：主要责任者.文献题名[文献类型标识].出版地：出版社,出版年 期刊：主要责任者.文献题名[J].刊名,出版年(期)：页码. language:

formal, objective, concise, proper Contents: 自动生成目录，注意页码及字号。

Tables and figures: 注意标题书写，Tables两边不封。

Page numbers: 正文前和正文的页码不同，前者小写罗马数字，后者小写阿拉伯数字，需用分隔符。

Exercise: Evaluate the two sample papers on page 154-215

五、作业

Review what we have learned.

Lecture 16: Oral Defense (Additional Material)

一、 课程成果(Outcome)

Know how to give a good oral defense.

二、学时安排 2 hours

三、重点难点 PPT design.

四、教学内容

Introduction to Oral Defense Purpose: examine whether the researcher understand and master the research and the thesis. Components: Presentation + defense Requirements: design PPT; Presentation 10minutes; defense 10minutes. Prepare for the oral defense 1. Circulate the thesis to the other committee members. 2. Be familiar with the structure, contents, research method, major findings and major arguments. 3. Explain the thesis briefly. 4. Prepare in ppt format. Your focus: topic, research method, findings. Support the argument with clear, brief examples. 5. Presuppose questions and prepare answers in advance. 6. Committee members make comments or suggestions; you need not have to defense. Respond politely with gratitude.

11 Tips during oral defense: 1. Properly dressed 2. Keep confident 3. Bring with you a pen and paper; thesis better 4. Be polite; show gratitude 5. Ask for the question again or make sure the question if you do not hear clearly about it. 6. Don’t argue with teachers but explain your idea with proofs. 7. Pay attention to your pronunciation and intonation and try to make you easily understood. 8. Make your answer concise and to the point. Exercise: Analyze some samples.

五、作业

Review what has been learned in this class.