土壤耕作制度管理论文提纲

论文题目：长期施肥与耕作管理对不同农业气候区稻田土壤磷组分的影响

摘要：长期施肥和耕作管理可能会影响亚热带地区水稻土中磷的组分及磷素有效性,从而影响作物的可持续生长。然而,土壤中磷组分对长期施肥和耕作模式的响应仍不明确。本文主要通过研究双季稻模式下不同化肥施用量对土壤化学性质和土壤磷组分及其稳定性的影响,化肥配施麦秆和有机肥对水稻产量的影响,并探讨不同气候及水稻耕作管理对磷组分的影响。本文分别从南昌（NC）、进贤（JX）、宁乡（NX）、重庆（CQ）和遂宁（SN）5个长期施肥试验点中,选择了不施肥（CK）、化肥（NPK）和化肥配施有机肥（NPKM）3个处理,以及安徽省庐江县的不施肥（CK）、化肥（NPK）、化肥配施麦秆（NPKS）和化肥配施有机肥（NPKM）四个处理,并分别从宁乡和哈尔滨两个试验点选择了4种耕作处理:常规耕作（T1）、秸秆还田常规耕作（T2）、秸秆还田轮作（T3）,秸秆还田免耕（T4）,分析土壤理化性质,测定土壤磷酸酶活性,并通过Hedley等（1982）连续分级法测定土壤有机和无机磷形态。结果表明,与CK和NPK相比,NPKM中土壤全磷、有效磷和有机质（SOM）含量以及各试验点的水稻籽粒产量明显较高。长期施肥条件下,NPKM处理的大部分有机P组分（Po）和无机P组分（Pi）在各试验点明显高于其他处理。与CK相比,NPK和NPKM均降低了稳定P组分,而中度不稳定P组分明显增加。在潮土型水稻土中,与CK和NPK相比,有机物料与化肥的配施显著提高了作物产量、磷素农学效率（AEP）、磷肥回收率和磷肥偏生产力。NPKS和NPKM处理的全氮和矿物氮含量也明显高于NPK。与NPK相比,NPKS和NPKM处理增加了大部分不稳定P组分（NaHCO3-P）和中等不稳定P组分（NaOH-P）,降低了残余态P组分,显著改变了磷素的分布。在耕作试验中,与T1相比,T4处理明显提高了两个试验点中土壤有机质、全磷和有效磷含量,宁乡和哈尔滨两个试验点的磷酸单酯酶（AcP）和磷酸二酯酶（DP）活性分别显著提高了39.8%、62.1%和40.3%、54.6%。不同耕作制度对磷的有机和无机组分均有显著影响。与T1相比,宁乡的T4处理不稳定和中度不稳定P组分分别增加29.3%和19.2%,哈尔滨的T4处理分别增加64.7%和33.8%,两个试验点不稳定P组分分别减少10.6%和18.5%。与低NPK处理相比,高NPK处理显著提高土壤的养分有效性,降低磷的稳定性,提高了水稻产量及磷肥农学效率。与单施化肥相比,化肥与有机肥配施显著提高了水稻产量及不稳定磷组分,降低了稳定性磷组分。更有利于提高磷素有效性以及对作物的可持续管理。在耕作条件下,秸秆还田免耕通过提高表层土壤微生物的活性,显著提高了磷的利用率和不稳定性,且随着时间的推移,更有利于改善土壤的物理、化学和生物特性。总之,结论表明,长期施肥和秸秆还田显著影响土壤磷含量和磷有效性,最终影响作物产量和生产力。有机物料的添加在土壤P转化过程中起着重要作用。而且,Hedley连续分级法能较好地测定土壤磷的生物有效性。未来可利用XANES技术鉴别金属结合态磷,进一步探讨长期施肥对不同土壤类型下不同磷组分的化学结构及其稳定性的影响程度以及与有机碳储量的关系。

关键词：长期施肥;水稻土;耕作制度;有机和无机P组分;土壤化学性质

学科专业：土壤学

摘要

abstract

LIST OF ABBRIVATIONS

CHAPTER1 -INTRODUCTION

1.1 Effect of long-term inorganic fertilization on soil P fractions

1.2 Effect of long-term organic fertilization on soil P-fractions

1.3 Effect of tillage management on soil P fractions

1.4 Scientific question

1.5 Hypothesis

1.6 Objectives

CHAPTER2 -MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1 Sites description

2.2 Cropping practices and fertilization treatments

2.3 Soil sampling and analysis

2.4 Soil phosphorus fractions

2.5 Sequential phosphorus fractionation method

2.5.1 Equipment needed

2.5.2 Soil Extraction

2.5.3 Determination of inorganic P from NaHCO3,NaOH and HCl Extracts

2.5.4 Determination of Total P from NaHCO3,NaOH and HCl Extracts

2.6 Calculation of P efficiency indices

2.7 Statistical analysis

CHAPTER3 -RESPONSES OF SOIL PHOSPHORUS FRACTIONS AND MOBILITY TO LONG TERM MINERAL FERTILIZATION UNDER DOUBLE RICE CROPPING SYSTEM IN FERRALIC CAMBISOL

Abstract

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Site description and experimental design

3.3 Results

3.3.1 Soil chemical properties

3.3.2 Soil P fractions affected by long term NPK applications

3.3.3 Relative proportions of P pools

3.3.4 Relationship between soil chemical properties and P-fractions

3.3.5 Grain yield,P uptake and P efficiency indices

3.3.6 Soil nutrients response to P pools and P uptake by the crop

3.4 Discussion

3.4.1 Relationship of soil properties and P fractions with NPK additions

3.4.2 Grain yield,P uptake and P efficiency indices

3.4.3 Pathways of transformations in soil P pools and P uptake

3.5 Conclusions

CHAPTER4 -CHANGES IN PHOSPHORUS FRACTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES UNDER LONG-TERM ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZATION IN PADDY SOILS OF SOUTHERN CHINA

Abstract

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Sites description and experimental design

4.3 Results

4.3.1 Soil organic matter and pH

4.3.2 Changes in soil P fertility

4.3.3 Grain yield

4.3.4 Soil P fractions

4.3.5 P fractions affected by long-term inorganic and organic fertilizer applications

4.3.6 The Relationship of P fractions with other soil properties

4.3.7 Redundancy analysis(RDA)of the soil properties and different P fractions

4.4 Discussion

4.4.1 Soil P fractions and soil properties

4.4.2 Fractional distribution of soil P

4.5 Conclusions

CHAPTER5 -REPLACEMENT OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS WITH ORGANIC AMENDMENTS INCREASED THE RICE YIELD BY CHANGING PHOSPHORUS FRACTIONS IN A FLUVO-AQUIC SOIL

Abstract

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Site description and experimental design

5.3 Results

5.3.1 Grain yield,grain P uptake and P use efficiency indices

5.3.2 Soil chemical properties

5.3.3 Relative distribution of P fractions

5.4 Discussion

5.5 Conclusions

CHAPTER6 -ROLE OF SOIL MINERAL CONTENTS IN THE LABILITY OF PHOSPHORUS IN PURPLE PADDY SOILS UNDER LONG-TERM FERTILIZATION

Abstract

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Site description and experimental design

6.3 Results

6.3.1 Effect of long-term fertilization on soil properties

6.3.2 Effect of long-term fertilization on phosphorus fractions and P uptake..

6.4 Discussion

6.5 Conclusions

CHAPTER7 -PHOSPHORUS FRACTIONS,PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITIES AND CROP YIELD AFFECTED BY TILLAGE MANAGEMENT UNDER DIFFERENT PADDY SOILS

Abstract

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Site description and experimental design

7.3 Results

7.3.1 Soil organic matter and pH

7.3.2 Changes in soil P concentrations

7.3.3 Grain yield

7.3.4 Soil P-fractionation

7.3.5 P fractions affected by different tillage management

7.3.6 The effect of tillage on the relative proportions of P-pools

7.3.7 Soil phosphatase enzymes affected by tillage

7.3.8 Redundancy analysis(RDA)of soil properties,phosphatase enzymes,grain yield and different P-fractions

7.3.9 The contribution of soil properties and climatic factors to the grain yield by VPA

7.4 Discussion

7.4.1 Effect of tillage management on soil properties

7.4.2 Impact of tillage systems on soil phosphatase enzyme

7.4.3 Tillage management and the grain yield

7.4.4 Labile and moderately labile phosphorus pool

7.4.5 Non-labile phosphorous pool

7.5 Conclusions

CHAPTER8 -CONCLUSIONS

8.1 Research innovation

8.2 Future research prospects

REFERENCES

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

CURRICULUM VITAE