职业的英文表示

职业的英文表示（通用12篇）

篇1：职业的英文表示

Captain酒店领班

Sanitary engineer清洁工

Automobile engineer修汽车的 Meat technologist屠夫

Landscape technician园艺师 Cosmetician美容师

Beautician美容师

Funeral counselor丧葬咨询师 Queen size超大号

King size超大号

篇2：职业的英文表示

我不想在生活中忙忙碌碌，而想做更有意义的事。

They raised prices and cut production, instead of cutting costs.

他们提高了价格，减少了产量，而没有削减成本。

We were still playing at war – dropping leaflets instead of bombs.

篇3：职业的英文表示

The multispectral imaging technology has been a research hot spot during the past decade in color science and graphic arts industry. It overcomes the metamerism problem in the traditional colorimetric color reproduction by aiming at the reproduction of the spectral power distribution of object color, which is the most fundamental property of a color[1,2]. By extending the number of color channels, the multispectral imaging technology brings comprehensive advance in color reproduction; therefore, it is widely used in the area of remote sensing, printing and art reproduction industry. However, due to its high color dimensionality, this technology also brings in huge pressure for data restoring and calculation. In order to conquer this problem, one of the most commonly used methods is to divide the color dataset into several subgroups and use the principal components analysis[3] method (PCA) to represent each subspace linearly. Recently, related papers have been published on the subject of color grouping, such as the PCA method, the clustering analysis method[4], the hue grouping methods[5], the first derivative method[6] and the combined metric method[7]. Each method has its own emphasis and shortcomings. In this paper, a new multispectral color space representation method was proposed which focuses on maintaining the spectral accuracy of the reproduced color. The dominant wavelength metric was employed as the grouping metric to divide the spectral dataset into five subsets; the modified BP neutral network8 regulated the spectral classification process, and then the spectrum can be represented by the principal components of that subset. We use the pseudo-inverse method to reconstruct the spectrum and this simulation acts as the proof of the spectral representation accuracy. Experimental results show that the proposed method can describe the multispectral color space well, especially in the aspect of color classification and color representation.

2 Dominant wavelength grouping methods

Currently, several spectral grouping methods exist. Such as the principal component analysis method3, clustering analysis method[4], hue grouping methods[5] and the first derivative methods[6]. Liu et al analyzed each method and compared the color representation performance of them, together with several grouping metrics[7]. They found that the colorimetric and spectral accuracy of color representation are always in anti-correlation before perfect match. The dominant wavelength metric grouping methods tends to maintain the highest spectral accuracy while the colorfulness property in CAM02 can group the spectral dataset with excellent colorimetric accuracy, see table 1. The 1250 matt chips and 1600 glossy chips are two usually used Munsell spectral color charts, RMS denotes the root mean square of spectrum and CIEDE2000 is the latest CIE color difference equation. From Table 1 we know that the dominant wavelength grouping methods will achieve the best spectral representation accuracy, so we choose this metric to precede the color grouping in our experiment.

3 BP neutral network classification

After dividing the spectral dataset into several subgroups and finding the principal components of each subgroup, the BP neutral network method was employed to precede the spectral color classification. Namely, to determine which subgroup's principal components should be used for arbitrary spectrum representation.

The Back propagation (BP) algorithm is perhaps the most widely used supervised training algorithm for multi-layered feed forward neural networks[8]. This network is always consisted of three parts: the input layer, the hidden layer and the output layer, see figure1. In each layer, each neuron receives a signal from the neurons in the previous layer, and each of those signals is multiplied by a separate weighting factor. The weighted inputs are summed, and passed through a limiting function which scales the output to a fixed range of values. The output of the limiter is then broadcast to all of the neurons in the next layer.

Figure2 demonstrates the BP network workflow of spectral color classification. Firstly, we set up and initialize the modeled system. Then calculate the hidden layer using equation 1, where x denotes the input vector, m ,n denotes the number of output and input respectively, w is the weighting factors, H the output of the hidden layer, a the threshold value and l denotes the panel point of the hidden layer. ϕ is the simulating function of the hidden layer.

undefined

undefined

Secondly, each output layer O and its error e can be obtained as follows, where b is also the weighting factor.

undefined

ek=Yk-Okk=1,2,...,m (4)

Thirdly, update the threshold values a and b , as well as the weighting factor w according to the network estimation error e and learning speed η.

undefined

wjk=wjk+ηHjek

j=1,2,...,l k=1,2,...,m (6)

undefined

bk=bk+ek k=1,2,...,m (8)

At last, return to equation 1 and repeat the following procedure until the iteration ends.

4 Experiment

In order to proof the accuracy of the proposed spectral representation workflow, an experiment was designed. The datasets used in our experiment are the 1250 matt Munsell color chips ,the 1600 glossy Munsell color chips, and three groups of forest colors, which provided by Kuopio University in Finland.

Firstly, we used the 1250 matt Munsell color chips as the training dataset and divided it into five groups using the dominant wavelength grouping method and calculated the principal components of each subgroup. The number of principal components is an important factor for representing accuracy. Eem[9], Maloney[10] and Parkkinen[11] have raised different suggestions. Recently, Connah’s research[12] found that the number of principal components was affected by dataset and noises. So we defined the number of principal components in our experiment by specific calculation and found that the six principal components, which can describe each subgroup with the cumulative space covering ration higher than 98%, is enough for high accuracy spectral representation.

200 spectrum of each subgroup was randomly chosen to make up 1000 training dataset, and the other 250 spectrum was used as the testing dataset to judge whether they were correctly classified. We trained our BP network by 100 times calculation with 20 defined hidden layers. Because of the random number in BP network initialization step, the classifying performance is different between each time. We repeated the training experiment 80 times and recorded the best performance's initializing value, which can make the classifying correct ration reach up to 94.7%.

The 1600 glossy Munsell color chips were used as the input of the defined BP network so each spectrum in this dataset can be classified into the five matt color subgroups. We also apply the BP network model to the three kinds of forest color, to estimate the spectral color classification performance.

At last, the pseudo-inverse method was used as the reconstructing method from the principal components space to spectral space. The RMS error was employed as metrics to estimate the spectral representation accuracy.

5 Results

The classifying results of the proposed BP neutral network can be seen from figure3 and 4. From figure3 we can see that the shape of spectrum in each subgroup and its corresponding subgroup is very similar, meaning that the proposed BP network method can classify the glossy group very well. Table 3 shows the three verification forest groups used in our experiment. We classified each spectrum of the three datasets into the five existing groups, finding that the spectrum in birch, spruce and most of the pine dataset can be represented just using group1, while the top three spectrum in pine dataset should be represented by group 5. From the picture, we can see that the classify performance matches the original data perfectly.

After classifying the spectrum in each testing dataset, the corresponding six principal components were used to represent the spectrum. The pseudo-inverse method was employed for spectral reconstruction. The mean spectral RMS error of the glossy color charts and the three forest color dataset are 0.0086, 0.0234, 0.03721 and 0.02914 respectively, from which we can conclude that the proposed method will represent each spectrum with high spectral accuracy.

6 Conclusion

The main goal of the multispectral space representation is to conquer the storing and calculating pressure caused by the high dimensionality of spectral color data. The proposed workflow which based on principal component analysis representation together with dominant wavelength grouping and BP network classifying, achieved excellent spectral representing accuracy. This method can be applied to the starting step of the multispectral imaging workflow and save the labor and time in further research.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:The author thanks for the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities for providing the research funds.

摘要：多光谱成像技术通过增加颜色通道的维数,克服了传统颜色复制方式在同色异谱方面的缺陷,成功的实现了基于光谱的颜色复制。然而,由于其颜色信息维数较高,此方法在提高色度精度的同时引入了较大的计算及存储压力。为此,最常用的方法就是通过特定的光谱分组度量对光谱数据进行分组,并利用每组光谱数据集中的主成分向量来对各个光谱曲线进行线性表示,从而实现数据的降维处理。本研究提出了一种全新的,基于主波长分组及BP神经网络寻址的光谱空间表示方法,并通过对具体光谱颜色数据集的向量表示,证明此方法在光谱颜色表达的方面的准确性。

关键词：颜色分组,颜色表示,BP神经网络

参考文献

[1]Tzeng D Y,Berns R S.A Review of Principal Compo-nent Analysis and Its Applications to Color Technology[J].Color Res.Appl.2005,30(2):84-98.

[2]Hardenberg J Y.Acquisition and Reproduction of ColorI mages:Colori metric and Multispectral Approaches[M].1999,Ecole Nationale Sup啨rieure des Telecom-munications,Paris,45-57.

[3]Cohen J.Dependency of the Spectral Reflectance Curvesof the Munsell Color Chips[J].Psychonomic Sci.1964,1:369-370.

[4]Mohammadi M,Nezamabadi M,Berns R S.SpectralI maging Target Development Based on HierarchicalCluster Analysis[C].2004,12:59-65.

[5]Ayala F,Echvarri J F,Renet P.Use of Three Tristi m-ulus Values from Surface Reflectance Spectra to Calcu-late the Principal Components for Reconstructing TheseSpectra By Using Only Three Eigenvectors[J].J.Opt.Soc.2006,Am.A23:2020-2026.

[6]Wan X X,Liu Q.A New Spectral Clustering Analysismethod based on First Derivative[C].2010,Proc.31st ICIS:447-450.

[7]Liu Q,Teng C.Comparative Study of Metrics for Spec-tral Color Grouping[C].2010,Proc.CACPP2010,85-88.

[8]Zhou Y M,Li S M,Tang M.A BP Neural Network-based color space quantization scheme[C].2008,Proc.ICLMC:2690-2694.

[9]EemJ K,Shin H D,Park S O.Reconstruction of Sur-face Spectral Reflectance Using Characteristic Vectorsof Munsell Colors[C].1994,Proc.2nd CICl 127-131.

[10]Maloney L T.Evaluation of Linear Models of SurfaceSpectral Reflectance with Small Numbers of Parame-ters[J]J.Opt.Soc.1986,Am.3,1673.

[11]Parkkinen J,Hallikainen J,Jaaskelainen T.Charac-teristic Spectra of Munsell Colors[J].J.Opt.Soc.1989,Am.6,318.

篇4：表示时间的介词

at用于表示接近某一时刻或年龄。由其构成的常用短语有: at three oclock, at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at once, at present, at the same time等。

例1At the end of day, they parted. 白天结束时,他们分手了。

in

in表示“在一段时间内”,由其构成的常用短语有:in the morning / afternoon / evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future,in the end, in the age of Internet等。

in 和after都能表示“在某个时间之后”,区别在于in表示“在一段时间之后”,而after则通常用来表示“在某一具体时间点之后”。此时, in短语和将来时态连用, after短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。after有时也可表示在一段时间之后,常用过去时。

例2Well go to Japan in three days. 我们三天后去日本。

例3We went home after seven yesterday. 我们昨天七点后回家。

例4After two days he returned. 过了两天他回来了。

on

on用于表示某一特定的时间,由其构成的常用短语有: on July 3, on Monday, on Christmas morning, on May Day, on a warm morning等。

on还可以表示“当……的时候”。

例5On hearing the news, he was very happy. 听到这则新闻,他非常开心。

by

by表示“不迟于;在……以前”,如用在by the end of这样的短语中。

例6He had finished the work by ten oclock this morning. 到今天上午十点钟, 他已完成了这项工作。

since

since 表示“自从……以来”,即“从那时起到现在”,常与现在完成时连用。

例7They have been friends since childhood. 他们从幼时起就一直是好朋友。

from

from表示从时间的某一点开始,不涉及与现在的关系,一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。

例8I hope to do morning exercises from now on. 我想从现在起开始做早操。

till和until

till与until同义,它们在肯定句中都表示“到……为止;在……以前”,搭配的动词必须是延续性的;在否定句中都表示“直到……才”,延续性、非延续性动词都可以搭配。但在主句前的从句或短语中,通常用until。

例9Until you told me, I had heard nothing about it. 在你告诉我以前,我一点也不知道。

例10He worked hard from morning till night. 他从早到晚努力工作。

until 用于not until句型位于句首时,主句应倒装。

例11Not until he told me did I know the result. 直到他告诉我,我才知道结果。

until 还用于not ... until ...的强调句型:It is / was not until +被强调部分+ that...

例12It was not until twelve oclock that he went to bed. 直到12点他才去睡觉。

【牛刀小试】

1. ___ hearing the news, Tom was wild__joy.

A. At; inB. On; withC. After; byD. In; with

2. The book was written in 1946,___the education system has witnessed great changes.

A. whenB. during whichC. since thenD. since when

3. Some people say that we live ___ the age of computers.

A. inB. atC. with D. for

4. It happened___the Long March.

A. duringB. inC. at D. for

5. —How long has the bookshop been in business?

—___1988.

A. AfterB. InC. FromD. Since

6. The train leaves____7 : 00 p.m., so I have to be at the station___ 6 : 40 p.m. at the latest.

A. at; untilB. for; afterC. at; byD. before; around

7. We left Beijing ___a very hot summer afternoon.

A. onB. inC. duringD. by

8. I saw Jack yesterday. He told me that he would stay here ___ the end of this year.

A. at B. byC. forD. till

9. Mr Wang went to Nanjing___October, 2007 and came back home ____the morning of Nov.10.

A.at; inB. on; atC. in; onD. by; from

10. The old man died___cold__ a cold night.

A. from; atB. of; inC. of; onD. for; during

11. Not until you really grow up___why we need to work hard.

A. you can understandB. can you understand

C. understand can youD. understand you can

12. It was not until I saw Mary in New York__ I felt happy.

A. whenB. thatC. before D. after

【参考答案】

篇5：表示照顾的英文短语

自己应该照顾自己。

When she finished work she had to hurry home and look after her son

她下班后就得赶紧回家照顾儿子。

I mean to look after my body.

我得多注意身体。

I know the Lord will look after him

我知道上帝会眷顾他的.。

My duty is to look after the animals.

篇6：表示各种天气的英文单词

rain 雨

downpour， shower 暴雨

storm， tempest 暴风雨

lightning 闪电

land wind 陆风

hurricane 飓风

cyclone 旋风

typhoon 台风

whirlwind 龙卷风

篇7：英文中表示贫穷的委婉语

Less well offIndigent

Down on one’s luck Hard up for money In difficulty

Have-nots

A man of modest means Negative saver

篇8：职业病（英文）

So, the driver pumped the emergencybrake, downshift the gears, and rubbed the wheels’rims against the curb. He finally wres-tled the car to a stop. The three climbed out and assesses the situation.

Hardware tech said:“Let’s try and fix it.I’ll crawl under the car and take a look.”

Systems analyst said:“No. I think we should get someone qualified to fix it, a specialist in brakes.”

篇9：各个国家及国人的英文表示

2. 美国-USA, American, English, Washionton

3. 英国-the United Kingdom, Englishman, English, London

4. 日本-Japan，Japanese, Japanese, Tokyo

5. 意大利-Italy, Italian，Italian, Rome

6. 法国-France, Frenchman, French, Paris

7. 西班牙-Spain，Spaniard，Spanish, Madrid

8. 葡萄牙-Portugal，Portuguese，Portuguese，Lisbon

9. 德国-Germany，German, German, Berlin

10. 丹麦-Denmark，Denmark, Danish，Copenhagen

11. 荷兰-the Netherlands，Dutch, Dutch, Amsterdam

12. 澳大利亚-Australia，Australian，English, Canberra

13. 新西兰-New Zealand，New Zealanders，English, Wellington

14. 新加坡-Singapore，Singapores, Singapore language(新加坡官方语言也是英语，很多人说中文)，Singapore City

15. 泰国-Thailand，Thailands, Thai，Bangkok

16. 印度-India，Indians, Hindi，New Delhi

17. 韩国-South Korea，Koreans, Korean，Seoul

18. 马来西亚-Malaysia，Malaysian, Malay，Kuala Lumpur

19. 菲律宾-the Philippines，The Philippines, Filipino，Manila

篇10：社保卡的英文怎么表示

social是什么意思：

adj. 社会的;群居的;合群的;社交的

n. 联谊会;社会聚会

A social debut.

首次进入社交界，首次演出 Slavery was once socially sanctioned.

奴隶制曾经为社会所认可。social service facility

社会服务场所 security是什么意思：

n. 安全，安全感;防护;保证;保障;证券

a security guard

安全警卫This is a secure anchorage.

这是个安全泊地。Underwrite securities

包销证券 card是什么意思：

n. 硬纸片;卡片;明信片;纸牌;银行卡;信用卡;赛事安排;王牌

v. 记于卡片上

A card stacker in card sorter.

卡片分类机中的一种接卡箱。Carding is accomplished by wire cards or granular cards.

梳棉工作是由梳理针布或微粒针布完成的。an ace at cards

玩纸牌的高手

到小D查看社保卡的英文翻译>>

翻译推荐：

篇11：英文简历：工作经历的时间表示

Male, 38,

Education: high school

Expected salary: 5001-8000 yuan

Working years: 5-10 years

Working area: Shanghai fengxian

Working experience:

Job seekers had not fill in working experience.

Education experience:

Graduated from high school, in 97 as a soldier, 02 years retired,

Introduce myself:

B2. Qualified, 9 years without accident driving experience, familiar with jiangsu line, can run a long distance. The best holiday work

Give me a call, please make sure that in the xx nets see, thank you!

更多相关文章推荐阅读：

1.英语翻译 的英文简历

★ 工作经历描述

★ 个人工作经历

★ 团学工作经历范文

★ 工作经历介绍信

★ 基层工作经历

★ 个人简历如何写工作经历

★ 个人工作经历范文大全

★ 工作经历总结

★ 学生工作经历

篇12：英文语法时间表示方法

(1.) 这是一个用来询问什么时间做某事的常用句型。它经常用来询问具体的时间，相当于对画线部分(表示具体时间的状语)提问。

例如：What time do you usually have lunch?

你通常什么时间吃午饭?

I usually have lunch at 12:00.

我通常在12点吃午饭。

(2.) 短语what time= when 都是对时间进行提问，但what time所问的时间范围比较小，一般用来提问比较精确的时间，回答的时候一般用具体到几点。而when所问 的时间范围比what time要大，回答的时候可以用几点钟，也可以是上午或者下午，甚至是哪一天、哪一年。

例如：What time do you usually get up? 你通常什么时间起床?

I usually get up at seven o’clock. 我通常在七点起床。

When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么时候?

It’s May 10. 是5月10日。

2. -What time is it now? 现在几点了?

- It’s about six-fourteen. 大约六点十四分。

(1.)这是询问时间的常用句型，它的意思是“现在几点钟了?”。询问时间还可以用句型：What’s the time now?或者What time is it by your watch? =What’s the time by your watch? 看看你的手表现在是几点了?

(2.)回答别人询问几点可以用句型：It+is+数字。也可以用句型：It’s +数字 +o’clock表示时间是整点。如果是几点几分，用数字表示。

例如：2：24可以是two twenty-four。

3. What time do you go to school? 你什么时候去上学?

这是一个特殊疑问句，所以不能用Yes或者No来回答。如果句子的主语是第三人称单数形式，助动词用does。