例解析托福阅读长难句

2024-04-23

例解析托福阅读长难句(共9篇)

篇1:例解析托福阅读长难句

原句案例:

Many prehistorians believe that farming may have emerged dependently in several different areas of the world when small communities, driven by increasing population and a decline in available food resources, began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival.

结构划分:

Many prehistorians believe that farming may have emerged dependently (in several different areas of the world) (when small communities, (driven by increasing population and a decline in available food resources), began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival).

深度分析:

这个句子的主干是:

Many prehistorians believe that从句

从句中的主干是:

farming may have emerged dependently

修饰一:(in several different areas of the world),介词短语

中文:在世界几个不同地区

修饰二:(driven by increasing population and a decline inavailable food resources),非谓语动词,相当于形容词修饰small communities

中文:迫于人口不断增长和可用食物资源减少

修饰三:(when small communities began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival),从句

请大家注意此处的断句问题。

从句的主谓被非谓语给隔开了。就是它:

(driven by increasing population and a decline inavailable food resources)

中文:当一些小的群落开始在地里种植种子去努力保证他们生存时

参考翻译:

许多史前学家认为:当一些小的群落迫于人口不断增长和可用食物资源减少压力,开始在地里种植种子去努力保证他们生存时,农业可能在世界几个不同地区就独立出现了。

篇2:例解析托福阅读长难句

阅读速度大部分来于短时间内理解长难句的能力。

大家在看长难句的时候,多思考,一个句子为什么这么长,常见的修饰成分到底有哪些?其实不多,连词、非谓语动词、介词以及同位语或插入语,上过课的同学懂得。

大家别急,把一句一句弄明白,弄懂一个句子胜过模糊看懂十个句子。希望大家认真看我的分析。

今天我们来看这样一个句子:

Her dancing also attracted the attention of French poets and painters of the period, for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art’s sake, a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit, and their efforts to synthesize form and content. (57, OG)

appeal v.恳求,呼吁;(对某人)有吸引力~to sb; (使某人)感兴趣;上诉

for one’s sake为了…的缘故

synthesize/?s?nθ??sa?z/v. 合成,综合

这里是分界线,先自己分析哦。

Her dancing also attracted the attention (of French poets and painters) (of the period), (for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art’s sake, (a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit),and their efforts to synthesize form and content.)

老邪分析:

修饰一:(of French poets and painters),介词短语,修饰the attention。大家注意英文喜欢把修饰成分放在后面,这个很重要。

中文:法国诗人和花季。

修饰二:(of the period) ,介词短语,修饰French poets and painters,也是放在后面哦。

修饰三:(a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit),同位语,用来解释说明前面的belief,这个同位语语放在这里分割了原句,大家断句的时候要注意。

中文:一个19世纪的思想:艺术本身比它所带来的道德或教育利益更有价值。

修饰四:(for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art’s sake , and their efforts to synthesize formand content.),从句,表示原因,大家注意我把同位语去掉了(因为不重要),这样更能看清重要内容。这里有一个并列结构,是一个A, B, and C结构,不知道大家在看的时候有没有看出来,A= their liking for mystery,B= their belief in art for art’ssake,C= their efforts to synthesize form and content,插入语解释B。

中文:因为它吸引了他们对于神秘的喜好、他们为艺术而艺术的信仰以及他们把形式和内容融合到一起所作的努力

主干:括号外面的,Her dancing also attracted the attention

参考翻译:

她的舞蹈还吸引了当时法国一些诗人和画家的注意,因为它吸引了他们对于神秘的喜好、他们为艺术而艺术的信仰(这是一个19世纪的思想:艺术本身比它所带来的道德或教育利益更有价值)以及他们把形式和内容融合到一起所作的努力。

篇3:透析雅思阅读长难句

1去除枝叶, 直击句子主干

雅思阅读的核心是细节查找, 也即只要能运用题目正确定位, 找到题目在原文中对应的原句, 并且能吃透原句的意思就能解题。问题就在于大部分“烤鸭”都能很快的画出题目中的定位词, 也能定位到原句, 却总是没法答对题。究其原因就是因为对定位的原句理解不透彻—对雅思阅读这种学术类文章的长难句分析不到位。或者有些“烤鸭”能够分析长难句, 却总是因为做题时间不够而遗憾告终, 究其原因也是因为对没有熟练掌握长难句的分析方法。

学术类雅思阅读考试时间60分钟, 考查三篇文章, 每篇长度大约一千词, 共四十道题, 满分9分。由此可知雅思阅读除了对考点的相关句子的理解正确率有要求之外, 速度也是一大难点。试想阅读速度能达到140words/minute的理想状态, 能用7分钟的时间读完文章, 再用剩下的13分钟 (60分钟/3篇=20分钟/篇) 完成文章后的13道题, 但这是没有几人能及的。如果速度达到100words/minute, 那么读完一篇文章需要10分钟, 再用剩余的10分钟完成文章之后的13道/14道题, 这是不科学的。所以在雅思阅读中需要采取的有效方法是运用题目定位词正确定位原句后对此长难句进行高效的分析。

在影响到广大考生答题的雅思阅读题目所涉及的句子无一不是长难句, 例如:One's first inclination might be to argue that there must be some sort of built-in animal aggression instinct that was activated by the experiment, and that Milgram's teacher-subjects were just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by administering the electrical shock. (剑5, Test 1 passage 2)

一看到这样的句子, 大部分考生就混乱了。在有限的时间里, 要对几近五行长度的句子判断出主语是什么, 最重要的主语是什么;谓语是什么, 最重要的谓语又是什么;主干是什么, 细枝末节又是什么, 除了有深厚语言功底的英语专业的考生能在逐字逐句的阅读中知其一二, 对于大部分菜鸟级的“烤鸭”, 只能通过掌握正确有效的技巧才能做到。这个技巧就是去除枝叶, 直击句子主干的WHAT法。

W:即指what, where, when, while, why, which, who, whom, whose

H:即指how

A:即指as

T:即指that

这些词的共性就是它们都是引导从句的引导词。也即是说在句子中能先找到这些词, 就找到了句子的从句, 把这些句子划开就只剩下了主句, 也即是整个句子的重要部分在讲什么就一目了然。上面例句中, 能找到三个that。

1.that there must be some sort of built-in animal aggression instinct

2.that was activated by the experiment,

3.and that Milgram's teacher-subjects were just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by administering the electrical shock.

把这三个that一提出来, 整个句子就只剩下了“One's first inclination might be to”这个主句, “to argue that there must be some sort of built-in animal aggression instinct that was activated by the experiment, and that Milgram's teacher-subjects were just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by administering the electrical shock.”为不定式做表语, 做be的表语;在此表语中1.“that there must be some sort of builtin animal aggression instinct”和3.“and that Milgram's teachersubjects were just following a genetic need to discharge this pentup primal urge onto the pupil by administering the electrical shock”并列, 皆为that引导的宾语从句, 做argue的宾语;“that was activated by the experiment”为定语从句, 做instinct的定语, 关系词为that。在宾语从句1中, 主语是there, 谓语是must be, 表语是后面的部分;在定语从句2中, 主语是that (instinct) , 谓语是was activated by, 宾语是the experiment;宾语从句3中, 主语是Milgram's teacher-subjects, 谓语是were just following, 宾语是a genetic need。这样一来在短时间内就能把整个句子的脉络整理地清晰明了。

2理清逻辑, 直击句子重点

除了利用WHAT法将句子的主从关系理清楚之外, 有效的利用英语的逻辑关系也是提高长难句分析能力的一大法宝。英语是一种逻辑性很强的文字, 这种逻辑性不仅体现在字里行间, 并且体现在形式上, 也即英语是一种形合的语言。英语的三大逻辑关系:并列、因果、转折也在形式上有显著的体现:

并列关系:Likewise/once again/once more/in (much) the same way (manner) /similarly/similar to/also/as well as/not only...but also.../both...and.../neither...nor.../like/just like as/just as/equally/namely/or/and/first/second/third/...

因果关系:as a result/as a consequence/consequently so/therefore/thus/for this reason/hence/accordingly because/because of/owing to/thanks to/on account of/since/due to/for/as/this is why

转折关系:but/yet/whereas/however/otherwise/in contrast (to) /conversely/though/although/nevertheless/nonetheless/unlike/in spite of/despite/on the contrary/even if/even though/instead (of) /rather than/even so vary/different from/differ from/while

如果在阅读长难句时能迅速找到这些逻辑关系词, 对句子的轻重缓急又有了快速的判断。例如:All warm-blooded animals make constant tiny adjustments in arousal in response to external events, but humans, who have developed a much more complicated internal life as a result of language, respond emotionally not only to their surroundings, but to their own thoughts. (剑桥雅思-5, Test2, Passage2)

这句中有一个W:who, 把这个“who have developed a much more complicated internal life as a result of language”一提出来, 整个句子剩下主干“All warm-blooded animals make constant tiny adjustments in arousal in response to external events, but humans respond emotionally not only to their surroundings, but to their own thoughts.”这样的句子对大部分的“烤鸭”而言, 还是结构不够清楚。如果充分地理解并掌握了句子的逻辑关系词就会很快的看到“but”, 这个时候就能够迅速的判断“but humans respond emotionally not only to their surroundings, but to their own thoughts”是整个主干的重点部分。在这个部分重中之重又是“but to their own thoughts”。这样考生能在很短的时间内迅速地理清关系, 读懂句子, 进而解题。

篇4:四级阅读长难句的分类与解析

复杂的修饰成分式

四级阅读中最常见的就是以增加句子修饰成分为手段而构成的长难句,其中以增加从句和非谓语动词为主。在阅读与翻译过程中,对于这类句式应当先将修饰成分去掉,然后再看句子的主干意思。

例如:In the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.(1990.1)(在早期的尝试中,电缆铺设失败了。当人们把它拿出来修理的时候,发现上面布满了生物,这样的发现挑战了当时认为海底没有生命的科学观点。)

这个句子比较典型。其一,它出现了三种主要从句:时间状语从句、定语从句和同位语从句。时间状语从句由when引导,而主句是it was found to be covered in living growths。而a fact之后又由which引导了一个定语从句,用来修饰a fact。在这个定语从句中,不难发现,在scientific opinion之后又跟了一个同位语从句。在阅读的时候可以先去掉这个句子中的所有修饰成分,于是在这个从句套从句的长难句中,句子的主干实际上就是the cable failed and it was found to be covered in living growths。其二,正确区分和理解以that引导的定语从句和同位语从句的差别在阅读中显得尤为重要。如例句中scientific opinion之后的部分,它到底是定语从句对前面的关键词起修饰限定作用,还是同位语从句起补充说明作用呢?为了便于区分,可以通过观察that之后的句子成分进行判断,即:that之后的部分如果句子结构完整则为同位语从句,如果不完整(主语或宾语缺失)则为定语从句。

Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening systems built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies.(2002.6)(追踪鲸鱼只不过是冷战后那个刚刚对民间科学家开放的令人振奋的新世界的一角,因为美国海军开始与人分享,并部分解密了其为追踪潜在敌舰而在数十年里建立的全球水下监听系统。)

这个句子的重点在于对变色部分单词在句中性质及其作用的判定。这些以ing或ed结尾,时而又跟在to之后的动词叫做非谓语动词。顾名思义,它们在句子中的作用并不是作谓语,而只相当于一个名词或作修饰限定的成分。就像这个句子中,真正的谓语动词只有两个,分别是is和as后原因状语从句中的starts。在去掉所有修饰成分后,不难看出句子的主干为tracking whales is one example as the Navy starts to share and uncover its global network of underwater listening systems。

插入语式

在四级阅读中,经常会碰到一些用逗号或破折号分开的句子,而这些处于两个逗号或破折号之间的内容通常被称为插入语。阅读时,一旦遇到插入语,最好将插入语部分跳过不读,先看主句部分,回过头再来看插入语部分。

例如:Man, however much he may like to pretend the contrary, is part of nature.(1995.1)(人类是自然的一部分,尽管他可能喜欢假装不属于自然。)

在这个句子中两个逗号之间的however much he may like to pretend the contrary是插入语,而它的主句实际上是man is part of nature。

改变语序式

改变语序主要以提前与倒装为主。这种打破常规语序的做法主要是为了强调句子中的某个成分或意义。

例如: Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique — a speech of the hand.(2004.6)(在近20年里,语言研究方面的专家才意识到手语的独特——一种手的语言。)

在这个句子中,由于only一词位于句首并修饰状语in the past 20 years,所以后面的句子采用了倒装。这种句式的倒装一般都有较为明显的标志词。例如这里的only和四级阅读中经常涉及的not only...but also, hardly...when, no sooner...than等。正确掌握这些倒装词对于把握倒装句起着至关重要的作用。

双重否定式

双重否定在英语表达中很常见。它是由句子中两个含有否定意义的单词构成而在意思上为肯定的表达方式。

例如:There is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work, just as we expect them at least to understand that the internalcombustion engine has something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons being driven.(1998.6)(毫无疑问,我们希望学生学习一些有关计算机工作原理的知识,正如我们希望他们明白内燃机与燃料燃烧、气体膨胀和活塞被推动有关一样。)

在这个句子中,两个表示否定意义的单词分别为no和denying。阅读时,应当理解为肯定。如果在一个句子中含有三四个或更多否定意义的单词,就可以总结为:含有偶数个否定意义单词的句子表肯定,而含有奇数个否定意义的单词的句子表否定。这样,以后凡是遇到双重、三重甚至多重否定句的时候,只要去数一数含有否定意义的单词的个数就可以轻松判断出句子所表达的意思了。

文化背景式

在英语四级阅读中,个别句子还会涉及到一些国家的文化背景知识。如果不了解其中所涉及到的国家的文化背景,这样的句子就必然会给做题带来很大的麻烦。所以,尽可能多地学习和掌握一些英美国家文化历史等方面的知识,可以极大地降低此类句子的杀伤性。

例如:As for ANWR’s impact on the California power crisis, environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden State’s electricity output—and just 3% of the nation’s.(2005.6)

在这个句子中,应当注意到Golden State这个词。那么,这里的Golden State到底指什么呢?如果稍微了解一些美国历史,就会发现在十九世纪四五十年代,人们在美国的加利福尼亚发现了金矿,于是掀起了著名的“淘金热”,由此,便不难推测出这里的Golden State指的就是加利福尼亚州。

总而言之,英语四级阅读中的长难句是一个比较复杂的语言现象,阅读中长难句的数量越多,文章的难度就越大。而且这些长难句又往往是考题所要考查的对象,尤其是长句子,其所包含的单词量、信息量都要比一般的短句子丰富得多,能不能准确地把握它,关系到能不能正确地解析它。所以,发现规律,找出解决问题的路径就显得十分重要了。

作者简介

篇5:托福阅读长难句分析

中文:有着长期渔业和商业海运传统

修饰二:(in developing good harbors suitable for steamships) ,介词短语

中文:在发展适合蒸汽船的好港口

修饰三:(with exceptional results) ,介词短语

中文:有杰出的成果

修饰四:(for transit trade with Germany and central Europe) ,介词短语

中文:因为和德国以及中欧的贸易

修饰五:(for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials) ,介词短语

篇6:TOEFL托福阅读长难句

In a countercurrent exchange system, the blood vessels carrying cooled blood from the flippers run close enough to the blood vessels carrying warm blood from the body to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels; thus, the heat is transferred from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels before it reaches the flipper itself. (TPO15, 55)

我是分界线,大家先测试一遍速读是否理解

篇7:托福阅读长难句整合

中文:由沉淀物和水流通道形成的

修饰二:(where a river once flowed into alarger body of water) ,从句,修饰network

中文:河流曾经从这里流入了一个更大的水体

修饰三:(filling a crater) ,非谓语动词,修饰lake

中文:填满火山口

修饰四:( in the southern highlands.) 介词短语,修饰crater

篇8:浅谈如何破解高中英语阅读长难句

一、什么是英语长句什么原因使长句变得难以理解

从句法上看,英语长句常指语法结构复杂、修饰成分较多、内容层次在两个或两个以上的复合句,亦可指含义较多的简单句。一般来说,造成长句的原因有三方面:修饰语过多;并列成分多,语言结构层次多。长难句的丰富内容和复杂结构往往会导致理解的困难。

二、长难句分析步骤

首先确定句子是简单句、复合句或并列句。

1.如果是简单句,首先确定主谓结构;接着确定宾语和宾语补足语(如有的话);然后确定定语和状语等次要成分, 即找出主语、谓语和宾语各自的修饰语。按照所确定的各个成分,给出全句大意。译文意思应当通顺,并和上下文意义基本吻合。如例1.Chinese Premier Li Keqiang greets journalists upon arriving at his press conference after the closing meeting of the second annual session of China's 12th National People's Congress (NPC) at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China.

这个句子虽然长,但这是一个简单句,句子主干为Chinese Premier Li Keqiang greets journalists,是简单句中的 “主语+谓语+宾语”结构,紧接着后面跟了两个时间状语和一个地点状语。

2.如果是并列句,首先应找出并列连词并把全句分解为若干个分句;接着按照简单句的分析方法再细分各分句的内部结构和句意;然后将全句综合考虑。如例2:The thing I like best about them is that your money is going to be a good cause and not into the pockets of profit-driven companies,and you are not damaging the planet,but finding a new home for unwanted goods.

解析:该句表语从句部分用了两个并列的句子:第一个that your money...,第二个句子是you are not...but finding...。

译文:对于它们我最喜欢的是你的钱拿去办好事的,而不是进了营利公司的口袋,你不是在破坏这个地球,而是在为那些人们不需要的商品找到一个新的去处。

3.如果是复合句,首先找出从属连词并确定出主句,这时应特别注意连词省略现象和多义连词在句中的确切含义; 接着按照简单句的分析方法再细分各分句的内部结构和句意;然后确定从句的性质,即该从句在句中修饰什么词语或结构;最后整体考虑全句大意,尤其要注意对修饰语的判断是否准确。

三、长难句分析的注意事项

在分析句子成分时,还应特别注意下列几点:

1. 是否有同位语和插入语。

The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas--legends handed down from one generation of story-tellers to another.解读:legends作sagas的同位语,后接被动分词短语做定语。基本结构:主+定+谓+宾+同位。

翻译:他们保存历史的唯一方法是把历史作为英雄故事讲述--由说书者代代相传。

2.是否有省略、特殊句式、倒装和分隔等现象。如例It was then that I realized that I had not really come to help,but to learn about and experience another culture that helped improve my own understanding of life and the world.

解析 : 该句主干 用了强调 句型i t w a s t h e n t h a t I r e a l i z e d . . . , 强调时间t h e n 。 原句顺序 应该是 : I realized...then。在该句第二层结构中,即that引导的宾语从句中,又用了一个not...but...句式连接。该句的第三层结构是culture后面that引导的定语从句,它修饰culture。

译文:到那时候,我才意识到我并非真的来帮助他人, 而是来了解和体验另一种文化,这种文化有助于提高我对生活和世界的理解。

3.有一点要提醒同学们,在处理长难句时,如果既能正确理解句意,又能将其准确地译成中文,那是最好了。但是,对于有些长难句,要在较短时间内(如在参加考试时)将其译成中文比较困难,此时只要能正确理解其意思就行了, 如果硬要勉为其难地译成中文,不仅会浪费时间,而且在许多情况也没有必要。如2015年高考英语新课标卷1,阅读理解C篇28.Which of the following best describe Dali according to Paragraph 1? A.Optimistic.B.Productive C.Generous. D.Traditional.根据文章第一段第二句The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings,sculptures,drawings and more.从over 200 paintings,sculptures,drawings and more中,我们可以轻松的得出答案B Productive (达利的作品是多产的)。

总而言之,英语阅读中的长难句是一个比较复杂的语言现象,准确理解和把握长难句是考生应该掌握的一项阅读技能。希望以上介绍的方法可以帮助考生更好地掌握这项技能,使长难句不再成为阅读的障碍。

摘要:高考英语阅读文章中往往会有一些长难句,这些长难句常常是考题所要考查的对象,也是考生理解文章的一大障碍。本文就针对高中英语阅读中的长难句,从几个方面来谈如何破解这些长难句。

篇9:高考英语阅读长难句的分类与解析

根据长难句的结构,我们可以把长难句分为:环环相扣式、并列式、插入语式和改变语序式。

一、环环相扣式

这类句子往往有多重句子修饰成分,这些修饰成分往往用非谓语动词或从句充当。在阅读过程中,对于这类句式应当先找到句子的主干,然后再看修饰成分。

例1: A mere hundred species (物种) are the basis of our food supply,of which but twenty carry the load.Wilson suggests changing this situation by looking into ten thousand species that could be made use of,which will be a way to reduce the clearing of the natural homes of plants and animals to enlarge farming areas.(2008全国卷一E篇)

译文:只有约100种物种为我们提供食物基础,其中只有20种承担着供应人类食物的重担。Wilson建议通过调查研究一万种可以被利用的物种来改变这种现状,这样做可以减少人类为了增加耕种面积而开垦动植物的自然家园的做法。

解析:第二句是一个含有多层结构的句子。第一层结构:Wilson suggests changing ...by looking ...。第2个which引导的非限定性定语从句是第二层结构代替changing ...use of。另外,that could be made use of 也是句子的第一层,作定语,修饰species。第三层结构是不定式 to reduce ...,它作定语修饰 a way。 第四层结构是不定式 to enlarge ...,它作目的状语,修饰clearing。根据该句,文后第74题:Wilson suggests that one way to keep biodiversity is to _____.答案选D(use more species for food)。

例2: This process is also found among scholars and authors: a statement of opinion by one writer may be restated by another,who may in turn be quoted by yet another;and this process may continue,unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.(2008天津D篇)

译文:在学者和作者中,我们也常常会发现这个过程:一个作者陈述的观点有可能会被另外一位作者重述,然后他的重述或许又会被另一个作者引用。这个过程会继续下去,除非有人质疑原作者的观点所根据的事实或者是对原作者对这些事实的解释提出异议。

解析:根据标点符号,我们可以确定该句主干是第一句话,即冒号前面的部分。冒号后面的部分是对主句的进一步解释。在该解释中,用分号分隔开两个独立的句子。第一个句子中又用了一个who引导的非限定性定语从句。第二个句子中用了一个unless引导的条件状语从句。条件状语从句中it是形式主语,to question ...or to challenge ...是真正的主语。它们的宾语分别又有一个定语从句来修饰,即:the facts on which ...,the interpretation (that) he placed ...。可见,该句是环环相扣,一层套一层。理解了该句,考生才能回答文后第51题:What can we infer from the passage? 答案是B(Passive learning may not be reliable.)。

二、并列式

有时候,一个句子会包含多个并列成分,如并列主语、并列谓语、并列宾语等,这些并列结构往往有连词连接。在解读这类句式时,要注意利用连词和标点符号来判断并列部分。

例1: The thing I like best about them is that your money is going to be a good cause and not into the pockets of profit-driven companies,and you are not damaging the planet,but finding a new home for unwanted goods.(2008天津B篇)

译文:对于它们我最喜欢的是你的钱拿去办好事的,而不是进了营利公司的口袋,你不是在破坏这个地球,而是在为那些人们不需要的商品找到一个新的去处。

解析:该句表语从句部分用了两个并列的句子:第一个that your money ...,第二个句子是you are not ...but finding ...。理解了该句,可以正确解答第40题:The author loves the charity shop mainly because of______.答案选C(its spirit of good will)。

例2: The real attractions of the Hollowell farm to me were its position,being about two miles from the village,half a mile from the nearest neighbor,bounded(相邻) on one side by the river,and separated from the highway by a wide field.(2008四川卷E篇)

译文:霍洛韦尔农场真正吸引我的地方是它的位置,它离村子大约两英里,离最近的邻居半英里,一边临小河,另一边又有一大块宽阔的田野把它与公路隔开。

解析:该句主干是“主语 + 系表结构”,从being到句末是position的同位语。理解了该句的主干,便可以回答第52题:Why did the author decide to buy the Hollowell place? 该题答案选C(It was in a good position.)。

三、插入语式

有些句子在中间会用逗号或破折号分开,而处于逗号或破折号之间的内容通常被称为插入语。阅读时,要先将插入语部分跳过,先读主句,然后再读插入语部分。

例1: The lack of right male (男性的) role models in many of their lives—at home and particularly in the school environment (环境)—means that their peers are the only people they have to judge themselves against.(2008辽宁卷C篇)

译文:在他们很多人的生活中,如在家里,尤其是在学校,缺少合适的男性榜样,这就意味着他们只好对照自己的同龄人来评判自己。

解析:该句中破折号中间部分可以先略过不看,首先要找到句子的主干,即:The lack ...means that ...。that 从句中又包含一个省略了关系代词whom或that的定语从句,即they have to judge themselves against,它修饰先行词the only people。通过理解这一句话,考生可以确定第65题:What seems to have a bad effect on students like Tom? 该题应该选A( Peer groups.)。

例2: Her work—thought to be the first of its kind to test the pressure theory—resulted from the observation that juvenile blacktip sharks off Florida moved into deeper water ahead of a violent storm in 2001.(2008天津C篇)

译文:她的研究,被认为是第一个测试压力理论的研究,是来自于一次对于初生黑鳍鲨的观察。在2001年,在一次强风暴来临之前,这些黑鳍鲨被观察到从弗罗里达海岸游到较深的水域。

解析:该句中破折号中间部分可以先略过不看,首先要找到句子的主干,即:Her work ...resulted from the observation ...。然后再理解细节部分:thought ...是补充说明的成分,作非限定性定语,修饰主语her work。 that 从句是说明observation具体内容,是同位语从句。

四、改变语序式

有时候,有些句子会使用改变语序的手段,主要以强调结构和倒装来使句子复杂化。正确掌握强调句型和倒装语法是理解这类句型的关键。

例: It was then that I realized that I had not really come to help,but to learn about and experience another culture that helped improve my own understanding of life and the world.__(2008四川A篇)

译文:到那时候,我才意识到我并非真的来帮助他人,而是来了解和体验另一种文化,这种文化有助于提高我对生活和世界的理解。

解析:该句主干用了强调句型 it was then that I realized ...,强调时间then。原句顺序应该是:I realized ...then。在该句第二层结构中,即that引导的宾语从句中,又用了一个 not ...but ...句式连接。该句的第三层结构是culture后面that引导的定语从句,它修饰 culture。

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