hold过去式和过去分词

2024-04-25

hold过去式和过去分词(共18篇)

篇1:hold过去式和过去分词

1、单词释义

hold

v.拿着;抓住;抱住;托住;捂住,按住(受伤的.身体部位等);使保持(在某位置)

n.抓;握;拿;支撑;持;抱;(尤指摔跤、拳击中的)擒拿法;影响;左右力;控制

2、词汇造句

1.The city is held by the enemy.

这座城市已被敌人占领。

2.Hold yourself still for a moment while I take your photograph.

我给你拍照的那一刹那,你不要动。

3.We held our breath in fear.

我们因害怕而屏住呼吸。

4.We are holding a meeting.

我们正在开会。

5.I managed to grab hold of the jug before it fell.

我设法抓住了那个罐子才未跌落。

3、相关词组

hold out坚持;维持;伸出;支持

hold on握住不放;坚持;继续;等一等

hold off推迟;抵挡;拖延;不接近

篇2:hold过去式和过去分词

He held out a small bag tied with string.

他拿出一个系着细绳的小袋子。

I held up a hypodermic to check the dosage.

我屏住呼吸沉入水底。

We would have held the story over until the next day.

篇3:现在分词与过去分词用法之比较

一、分词作定语

现在分词和过去分词都可以作定语、修饰名词或代词。单个分词作定语时一般放在被修饰词之前, 分词短语作定语时一般放在被修饰词之后。我们通常根据分词与其修饰的词的关系确定用现在分词还是过去分词。当分词与中心名词或代词存在主动关系时, 选用现在分词;存在被动关系时, 则选用过去分词。

例.1.The sleeping boy is Tom.

这个熟睡的男孩是汤姆。

分析:the boy与sleeping之间存在主动关系, 并且表示sleeping的动作正在进行。

2.There is nothing but a broken glass in the box.

箱子里只用一个破杯子。

分析:a glass与broken存在被动关系, 并且表示broken的动作已经完成。

3.fallen leaves落叶

分析:fall是不及物动词, 过去分词fallen在此只表完成, 不表被动。

4.the rising sun东升的旭日

分析:rising在此表主动和进行。

5.The young sitting between my sister and my brother is my cousin Jim.

坐在我哥哥和姐姐之间的年轻人是我的堂弟吉姆。

分析:the young与sitting之间存在主动关系, 并且表示sitting的动作正在进行。

6.The radio bought last week in this shop doesn’t work now.

上周在这个商店买的收音机没用了。

分析:the radio与bought存在被动关系, 并且表示bought的动作已经完成。

7.This is the question given.这就是所给的问题。

分析:the question与given之间存在被动关系, 并且表示given的动作已经完成;注意:部分过去分词如given、left常作后置定语。例如:Hurry up, there’s only ten minutes left.快点, 只剩十分钟了。

二、分词作表语

现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征, 过去分词作表语多表示主语所处的状态。作表语的分词常常是些形容词化了的分词, 如:interesting/interested, surprising/surprisd, tiring/tired, moving/moved, astonishing/astonished, puzzling/puzzled, exciting/excited, worrying/worried, frightening/frightened, disappointing/disappointed, pleasing/pleased, boring/bored等。一般来说, 如果主语是表示人的名词或代词, 那么用过去分词作表语;主语是表示物的名词或代词, 那么用现在分词作表语。

例:1.The book is exciting.

这本书让人兴奋。

分析:句子的主语the book是物, 所以用现在分词作表语;另外, “令人……兴奋”是书对人的影响, 表示书使人兴奋, 两者存在主动关系, 这也符合现在分词表主动的用法。

2.After an hour or so, we began to feel very frightened.

大概过了一个小时, 我们开始感到很恐惧。

分析:句子的主语we是人, 所以用过去分词作表语;另外, “感到恐惧”是主语we的状态, “我们”是“被惊吓”的, 两者存在被动关系, 这也符合过去分词表被动的用法。

特别说明: (1) 上述分词也可以作定语、状语和补语, 当它们要说明或修饰的对象是人时, 则选用过去分词;当它们要说明或修饰的对象是物时, 则选用现在分词。

例:1.This is an interesting book.这是一本有趣的书。 (定语)

2.Surprised, she could not say a word.她惊讶得说不出一句话。 (状语)

3.At first we liked the job, but then we found it tiring.开始我们很喜欢这个工作, 但后来我们发现它挺累人。 (补语)

(2) 当它们要说明的对象是expression (表情) 、eye (眼神) 、tear (眼泪) 、voice (声音) 等词时常选用过去分词。

例:Excited tears came down her face.她的脸上流下了激动的泪水。

三、分词作状语

分词 (短语) 作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、让步、方式、结果等。分词作状语的前提条件是分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致, 即句子的主语必须是分词动作的执行者或承受者。如果不一致就常使用状语从句或独立主格作状语。一般来说, 我们根据分词与句子主语的关系确定用现在分词还是过去分词作状语。当分词与句子的主语存在主动关系时, 我们选用现在分词;存在被动关系时, 则选用过去分词。

例:1.Given more time and more money, we can do the work better.

多给些时间和资金, 我们可以把工作做得更好。

分析:given的逻辑主语是we, 并且两者存在被动关系, 在此作条件状语, 相当于If we are given more time and more money.

2.The boy often gives a satisfactory answer to the teacher’s question, having thought just a minute.这男孩思考一会儿, 总能为老师提出的问题给出一个满意的答案。

分析:having thought的逻辑主语是the boy, 并且两者存在主动关系, 表示think的动作在gives之前完成, 在此作时间状语。

3. Worried, she couldn’t go to sleep.因为焦虑, 她无法入睡。

分析:worried在此作原因状语, 因为句子的主语she是人, 所以用worried而不用worrying.

4. Working so hard, he failed again.尽管如此努力, 他还是失败了。

分析:working的逻辑主语是he, 并且两者存在主动关系, 在此作让步状语。

5.A cow lying in the middle of the road, the driver had to stop the car.

一头牛躺在路中央, 司机不得不停车。

分析:此处用的是独立主格作原因状语, 因为lying的逻辑主语是a cow, 而句子的主语是the driver, 两者不一致。

四、分词作补语

分词可以在句中充当主语补足语或宾语补足语, 说明主语、宾语的状态或者特点。我们必须根据分词与主语或者宾语的关系确定用哪一类分词。当两者存在主动关系时, 选用现在分词;存在被动关系时, 则选用过去分词。

例:1.I’ll have my watch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。

分析:repaired在此作宾语补足语, 与宾语my watch存在被动关系。

2.I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long.很抱歉, 让您就等了。

分析:waiting so long在此作宾语补足语, waiting与宾语you存在主动关系。

3.The boy was seen playing near the river three days ago.

三天前有人看见这个男孩在河边玩。

分析:playing near the river在此作主语补足语, 与主语the boy存在主动关系。

4.He was seen beaten by three young men in the street.

有人看见他在街上被几个年轻人打了。

分析:beaten by three young men在此作主语补足语, 与主语he存在被动关系。

五、特例

有一部分分词在使用过程中未必遵循现在分词表主动、表进行, 过去分词表被动、表完成的规律, 我们通常将其当作习惯用法来记。

例:1.Dressed in red, the girl looks more beautiful.这女孩穿红衣服更漂亮。

2. We saw some old people seated under the tree.我们看见一些老年人坐在树底下。

3.Lost in thought, he almost ran into the tree in front of him.他沉思着, 差点撞在前面的树上了。

4. When he came back, he found his car missing.当他返回的时候, 发现车子不见了。

5.Generally speaking, newspapers follow the American way.一般来说, 报纸采用的是美国拼写法。

6. Judging from his accent, he is from the South.从口音判断, 他来自南方。

篇4:hold过去式和过去分词

一、不规则动词的过去式和过去分词相同,即“ABB”型

1.元音字母有变化的有:

get—got—got(得到)

sit—sat—sat(坐)

win—won—won(获得、赢得)

shine—shone—shone(发光)

find—found—found(发现)

hold—held—held(握)

meet—met—met(遇见)

stand—stood—stood(站立)

understand—understood—understood(理解)

2.辅音字母有变化的有:

make—made—made(做)

have/has—had—had(有)

build—built—built(建立)

lend—lent—lent(借出)

spend—spent—spent(花费)

3.在原动词后加“t”或“d”的有:

learn—learnt—learnt(学习)

mean—meant—meant(意思是)

hear—heard—heard(听见)

pay—paid—paid(付款)

say—said—said(说)

4.元音字母和辅音字母都有变化的有:

(A)组:

feel—felt—felt(感觉)

smell—smelt—smelt(闻)

spell—spelt—spelt(拼写)

keep—kept—kept(保持)

sleep—slept—slept(睡觉)

sweep—swept—swept(打扫)

leave—left—left(离开)

sell—sold—sold(卖)

tell—told—told(告诉)

(B)组:

catch—caught—caught(捕捉)

teach—taught—taught(教学)

buy—bought—bought(买)

bring—brought—brought(拿来)

think—thought—thought(想)

二、不规则动词的过去式和过去分词与原形相同,即“AAA”型

hit—hit—hit(打击)

hurt—hurt—hurt(伤害)

let—let—let(让)

put—put—put(放置)

read—read—read(读)

三、不规则动词的过去分词与其原形相同,即“ABA”型

come—came—come(来)

run—ran—run(跑)

四、不规则动词的过去式和过去分词不同,即“ABC”型

1.在元音字母上变化:

ring—rang—rung(按铃)

sing—sang—sung(唱歌)

drink—drank—drunk(喝)

swim—swam—swum(游泳)

begin—began—begun(开始)

2.在动词原形后加“-en”构成过去分词:

eat—ate—eaten(吃)

fall—fell—fallen(落下)

ride—rode—ridden(骑)

write—wrote—written(写)

be—was/were—been(是)

3.在动词的原形后加“-n”构成过去分词:

see—saw—seen(看见)

give—gave—given(给)

drive—drove—driven(驾驶)

take—took—taken(取)

mistake—mistook—mistaken(弄错)

blow—blew—blown(吹)

throw—threw—thrown(扔)

draw—drew—drawn(绘制)

grow—grew—grown(成长)

know—knew—known(知道)

show—shew—showen(出示)

4.在动词的过去式后加“-n”构成过去分词:

break—broke—broken(打破)

speak—spoke—spoken(说)

choose—chose—chosen(选择)

5.其它情况:

do—did—done(做)

go—went—gone(去)

fly—flew—flown(飞)

篇5:hold过去式和过去分词

我首先注意到的是这屋子里的气味。

The smell of the sea took him back to his childhood.

大海的气味使他回想起孩提时代。

He took one smell of the liquid and his eyes began to water.

他闻了一下那种液体,就流起泪来了。

The smell of the sea carried her back to her childhood.

大海的.气息勾起了她童年的回忆。

The smell made me want to throw up.

篇6:tear过去式和过去分词

我们在下半场把对方球队打得落花流水。

She was unable to tear her eyes away from him.

她恋恋不舍地望着他。

The memory brought a tear to her eye.

她想起这事便热泪盈眶。

Ann wiped a tear from her eye.

安擦去眼里的泪水。

These jeans are torn at the knee.

这牛仔裤膝盖那儿破了。

His jacket had been torn to shreds by the barbed wire.

篇7:sneeze过去式和过去分词

1、When we sneeze, our eyes close.

打喷嚏的时候眼睛会闭上。

2、She gave a violent sneeze.

她打了个大喷嚏。

3、 What exactly happens when we sneeze?

篇8:hold过去式和过去分词

状语从句转化为分词短语分如下几步:

1) 找出从句中谓语部分的主要动词。如:

When he finished his homework, he went out to play football.该从句中的finish是主要动词。

Although he has been told many times, he still couldn’t understand.该从句中tell是主要动词。

Because she didn’t know his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with John.该从句中know是主要动词。

The secretary worked into the late night, as he prepared a long speech for the boss.该从句中的prepare是主要动词。

2) 判断从句中的主要动词与主句主语的关系。若主句主语为从句主要动词的执行者, 考虑使用现在分词短语做状语;若主句主语为从句主要动作的承受者, 则考虑使用过去分词短语做状语。

在第一个句子中, 主句主语he是从句主要动词finish动作的执行者, 则finish考虑使用现在分词短语做状语。

在第二个句子中, 主句主语he是从句主要动词tell动作的承受着, 则tell考虑使用过去分词短语做状语。

在第三个句子中, 主句主语she是从句主要动词know动作的执行者, 则know考虑使用现在分词短语做状语。

在第四个句子中, 主句主语the secretary是从句主要动词prepare动作的执行者, 则prepare考虑使用现在分词短语做状语。

3) 去掉引导从句的连接词、主语以及谓语部分中的助动词, 主要动词变分词短语。上述四个句子可以变为:

Having finished his homework, he went out to play football. (因finish动作发生在主句动作go out动作之前, 所以用现在分词的完成式)

Told many times, he still couldn’t understand.

Not knowing his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with John. (因not know动作与主句动作have动作同时发生, 所以用现在分词的一般式)

The secretary worked into the late night, preparing a long speech for the boss. (因prepare动作与主句动作work同时发生, 所以用现在分词的一般式)

注意:过去分词短语实质上相当于现在分词的完成被动式。如上第二个句子也可以写成:Having been told many times, he still couldn’t understand.

当从句部分为否定意义时, not仍然要保留, 放在分词的前面即可, 如上述第三个句子。

若不能构成分词短语时, 则保留引导状语从句的连接词。如:

If it is heated, water can be changed into vapor.→If heated, water can be changed into vapor.

Though we are beaten, we are not discouraged.→Though beaten, we are not discouraged.

4) 若从句中的主动词跟句子主语构不成逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系, 则用分词独立主格结构来表达 (名词+分词) 。如:

As Miss Gao fell ill, Mr.Wang took her class instead.→

Miss Gao falling ill, Mr.Wang took her class instead.因为句子主语Mr.Wang即不是fell ill动作的执行者, 也不是fell ill动作的承受者。也就是从句中的主动词跟句子主语构不成逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。选择现在分词还是过去分词, 看主动词跟从句主语的关系, 若从句主语是该动作的执行者, 选现在分词;若从句主语是该动作的承受着选过去分词。如:

If weather permits, we’ll go sightseeing.该从句中weather是permit动作的执行者, 所以要用现在分词。改写成:Weather permitting, we’ll go sightseeing.

When bread is cooked, you can enjoy it.该从句中bread是cook动作的承受着, 所以要用过去分词。改写成:Bread cooked, you can enjoy it.

请同学们以愉快地心情来完成下列习题:

1) a reply, he decided to write again.

A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received (提示:主句主语he是receive动作的执行者, 且receive动作发生在decide to write动作之前, 所以要用现在分词的完成式, 否定词not放在—ing之前。选C)

2) The teacher stood there__ by the students.

A.to surround B.surrounding C.surrounds D.surrounded (提示:主句主语the teacher是surround动作的承受者, 所以要用过去分词。选D)

3) __from a plane, the park can be see n clearly.

A.Seeing B.Seen C.To see D.See (提示:主句主语The park是see动作的承受者, 所以要用过去分词。选B)

4) He had a wonderful childhood, __with his mother to all corners of the world.

A.travel B.to travel C.traveled D.traveling (提示:主句主语He是travel动作的执行者, 用现在分词。选D)

5) __the teacher’s suggestion, Tom finally found a way to settle the problem.

A.Following B.To follow C.Follow D.He followed (提示:主句主语Tom是follow动作的执行者用现在分词, 选A)

摘要:在非谓语动词的学习中, 很多学生对现在分词和过去分词的用法感到迷惑不解, 在应用的时候很容易混淆。本文就现在分词和过去分词做状语帮助学生理清学习思路, 找出状语从句和分词短语做状语的转换方法, 帮助学生快速有效地掌握其用法。

篇9:过去式还是过去分词?(一)

单宾语动词的过去分词

所谓单宾动词,即指该类动词后边只接一个宾语,不需要两个宾语或宾语补足语。对于这类动词,首先是看它后边是否带宾语,如果没有宾语,则必然为过去分词,因为如果它是作谓语的过去式,则其后边必然要接宾语的。其次,我们还可以利用句中其他很多线索来判断,比如句子谓语中的情态动词、并列结构、某些特殊结构搭配等。下面一一举例来说明。

1.The organization of districts that meet the criteria suggested would make it possible to resolve the small-school problem in all except isolated and sparsely populated areas where such schools may have to be continued regardless of higher costs.

妙语点睛:

当我们看到The organization of districts that meet the criteria,知道这是个定语从句that meet the criteria修饰districts而不是修饰organization,因为这里用meet而不是meets。然后看到suggested,先假定它是谓语动词,则后边必然要有宾语出现,而且suggested的宾语往往是that从句。但是继续往后看到would make,这时我们既没有发现suggested的宾语,同时又找到了重要谓语线索would,所以,would make是一个谓语必定无疑。靠这两点,我们就很快推翻刚才的假定——认为suggested是谓语。此时,应该马上重新判断suggested的句法功能,应该立即判断出它不是充当主句谓语的过去式,而应该是过去分词后置修饰名词criteria。于是由that meet the criteria变成现在的that meet the criteria suggested,表示“满足所提出的要求”。

再继续往后看到all except isolated,以及populated,也许有读者会琢磨这里isolated和populated是过去式还是分词。其实,这个判断比较简单,关键是看到all以及介词except,因为不论是限定词all还是介词except,它们后边都需要带一个名词。于是看到all和except我们就期待名词的出现,直到后面出现areas,我们就知道这里基本结构是all except (isolated and sparsely populated) areas,那么中间的isolated and sparsely populated必然就是过去分词作定语,修饰areas。整个句子的结构如下图所示。

图解难句:

译文:

按照提出的标准进行校区的划分,这可能会解决地区内学校规模小的问题,但对于偏远的、人口稀少的地区,尽管花费比较大,规模小的学校可能还得继续办下去。

下面这个句子中分词的判断则是得益于句中的并列结构。

2. During the 1980s, revolutionary changes in the work lives of Americans, caused by technological advances which will permit greater productivity by fewer workers, will likely result in shortened work weeks, increased released time for workers, and increased pressure for early retirements.

妙语点睛:

这句第一个动词caused因为其后边有by,所以很容易判断它是分词,整个复杂的分词短语caused by ... by fewer workers修饰revolutionary changes(它还有另一个定语in the work lives of Americans),并且该分词短语隔开了主语和谓语,因此该句核心结构是:revolutionary changes... will likely result in...。在宾语中含有四个动词shortened, increased, released, increased,而这四个动词都不是谓语,而是作定语的分词。这从result in后边的并列宾语结构可以判断出来,这里有三个并列宾语:shortened work weeks,表示“工人每周的工作时间缩短了”;increased released time for workers,表示“闲暇时间增多了”;increased pressure for early retirements,表示“提前退休的压力加大了”。整个句子的结构如下图所示。

图解难句:

译文:

20世纪80年代,技术的进步将会导致使用更少的工人创造出更高的生产率,这给美国人的工作生活带来革命性的变化。这种变化可能会导致缩短工人每周的工作时间,增多闲暇时间,加大提前退休的压力。

如果分词都像上面caused那样后边接介词by,那我们就容易判断分词,因为这是大家都熟悉的被动结构。但是很多时候,分词后边往往搭配其他的介词。这时候,就需要大家熟悉动词的用法了。请看下面的例句:

3.The teacher, for his part, frequently reduced to trying to explain the inexplicable, may take refuge in quoting proverbs to his colleagues such as, “You can lead a horse to water but you can’t make him drink.”

妙语点睛:

这里reduced可能会被误认为是谓语动词,但看到后面的情态动词may就可以断定reduced应该是分词。若读者熟悉reduce的用法,就更轻而易举断定reduced是分词了。因为这里reduce... to...是一个固定搭配,表示“使……陷入不好的境地;落到……地步”,具有贬义。

知道reduce这样的用法,然后结合上述例句中及物动词reduced后边没有宾语,所以断定这里reduced必然是分词了。

译文:

至于教师,由于他们经常不得不去解释一些无法解释的东西,在同事面前他们可能只好用一些谚语来自我解嘲,如:“引马河边易,逼马喝水难”。

从以上分析讲解中,我们看到,判断是分词还是过去式的关键还是在于掌握动词的用法,比如对于单宾动词,其后边若没有接宾语,则该动词肯定是分词。另外,我们可以借助其他线索,比如情态动词、并列结构或固定搭配,这些线索能够帮助我们断定分词的存在。

篇10:regret过去式和过去分词

She looked back on the past without regret.

她回首往事毫无遗憾。

I deeply regret what I said.

我非常后悔说了那些话。

She expressed her regret at the decision.

篇11:ask过去式和过去分词

词性及释义

(v.):问;询问;要求;请求;恳求(给予);征求等含义;

双语例句

例句 1. She asked me if I would give her English lessons.

她问我愿不愿意给她上英语课。

例句 2. Police asked passers-by if they had seen the accident.

警察询问过路的人是否目击了这次事故。

例句 3. All the students were asked to complete a questionnaire.

全体学生都被要求填一份调查表。

例句 4. They said nothing, but their eyes asked her to have them.

他们没有说话,眼睛却在恳求达林太太收留他们。

例句 5. They have asked for the opinion of the wo

篇12:die过去式和过去分词

1.A year later my dog died.

一年后我的狗死了。

2.The elm trees are all dying .

那些榆树全都奄奄一息了。

3.He watched helplessly as his mother died an agonizing death .

他无助地看着母亲痛苦地死去。

4.Then suddenly, the engine coughed, spluttered and died.

接着,发动机突然咔咔地响了几声,然后就熄火了。

5.Her cigarette glowed brightly, then died.

篇13:hold过去式和过去分词

___%not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set ou for the airport in a hurry.

A.RemindingB.RemindedC.To remindD.Having reminded

该题考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语是句子的主语“the manager”, 非谓语动词与句子主语是被动关系, 且其表示的动作在谓语动词“set out”之前已经发生, 用过去分词表原因状语, 选B。

单项填空第34题考查的是现在分词的用法, 题目如下:

In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, ___the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.

A.marking B.marked C.having marked D.being marked

此题考查的也是非谓语动词。非谓语动词作状语, 其后有宾语, 故与逻辑主语是主动关系, 且表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行, 用现在分词, 故选A。

因此, 我们在学习分词时, 很有必要把过去分词与现在分词放在一起比较学习。

分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作是主动的和正在进行;过去分词表示动作是被动的和已经完成。结构形式如下表:

分词在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。

一、作定语

单个分词作定语时, 放在被修饰的名词之前;分词短语作定语时, 放在被修饰的名词之后。区别:过去分词表示动作已经完成或与被修饰的名词存在被动关系;现在分词表示动作正在进行或与被修饰的名词存在主动关系。例如:

(1) a fallen leaf:落叶

a falling star:流星

(2) (1) Is there anything planned for tonight?今晚有什么活动吗? (刘锐诚, 2008)

(2) The man standing there is our headmaster.站在那里的那

个人是我们的校长。

分词作定语时, 作用相当于一个定语从句。例如:

The man talking there is my father.=The man who is talking there is my father.

但是, 需要注意的是:过去分词作前置定语时可以表示完成且有主动的含义 (仅限于某些不及物动词的过去分词作定语) , 例如:an arrived visitor (一位来客) , an escaped prisoner (一个逃犯) ;用在表示情绪的词语中, 例如:a worried look (愁容) , a puzzled expression (困惑的表情) (郭凤高, 2005) 。

二、作表语

区别:过去分词作表语, 表示主语所处的状态或主语的感受, “感到……”;现在分词则表示主语的特征或性质, “令人使人……”。例如:

(1) They feel disappointed at the election.他们对这个选举感到失望。

(2) How disappointing the election is!这个选举是多么令人失望啊!

常见的这类词有:interested—interesting, puzzled—puzzling, surprised—surprising等。

三、作宾语补足语

分词作宾补的用法主要出现在几类动词后, 所以下面把这类动词进行归类, 再加上一个常见结构, 分四点进行解释。

1. 表示“希望、要求”的动词:“want/wish/expect/order+宾语+done”表示“希望/要求某人或某事被……”。例如:

I want the task finished by Friday.我希望星期五完成任务。

2. 表示心理状态的词或感官动词:see/hear/find/notice+宾语+done, 例如:

We saw the burglar caught by the police.我们看见这个盗贼被警察抓起来了。

注:在感官动词“一感 (feel) ”“二听 (listen to/hear) ”“五看 (look at/see/watch/notice/observe) ”后, 过去分词、不定式、现在分词都可作宾补, 但有很大的区别:过去分词强调与宾语存在被动关系, 不带to的不定式强调动作发生的全过程, 现在分词强调与宾语存在主动关系和动作正在进行。例如:

(1) I saw him taken out of the classroom.我看到他被带出了教室。

(2) I saw him come into the classroom.我看到他进了教室。

(3) I saw him coming into the classroom.我看到他正走进教室。

3. 使役动词:leave/get/have/keep+宾语+done/doing, 用过去分词作宾补表示被动, 用现在分词表示主动。例如:

(1) He had his watch repaired.他请人修理了他的手表。

(2) The workers had the machine running all day.工人整天让机器运转着。

注:make后直接过去分词不接现在分词作宾补;catch send/set/start后只接现在分词不接过去分词作宾补。例如:

(1) It’s hard for a teacher to make himself understood by althe students.教师很难让所有的学生都明白自己的话。

(2) I often catch Tom sleeping in class.我经常看见汤姆上课睡觉。

4. 在“with/without+宾语+done/doing”结构中, 其区别同3。例如:

(1) With him homework finished, he watched TV.他做完作业后看了电视。

(2) With winter coming, it’s time to buy warm clothes.冬天要来了, 是时候买保暖的衣服了。

四、作状语

分词作状语既是考查的重点, 又是学习的难点。

1. 作时间状语, 例如:

(1) Asked why he didn’t do it, he began to cry.当被问到他为何做那件事时, 他开始哭泣。

(2) Hearing the good news, they all cried with joy.当听到这个好消息时, 他们都喜极而泣。

2. 作条件状语, 例如:

(1) Given more time, I can catch up with you.如果给我更多时间, 我就能赶上你。

(2) Exercising every day, you’ll keep fit.如果每天锻炼, 你就能保持健康。

3. 作原因状语, 例如:

(1) Born and brought up in the village, he knows manypeople there.由于在这个村庄出生和长大, 他认识那里的许多人们。

(2) Being a student, I must study hard.因为是学生, 我必须努力学习。

4. 作让步状语, 例如:

(1) Defeated many times, they continued to fight.虽然被打败了很多次, 他们仍然继续战斗。

(2) Thinking you are right, I still disagree with you.虽然认为你是对的, 我仍然不同意你的观点。

5. 作伴随状语, 例如:

(1) The teacher entered the classroom, followed by some stu-dents.老师进入教室, 后面跟着一些学生。

(2) The teacher entered the classroom, carrying two books inhis hand.老师进入教室, 手里拿着两本书。

区别:过去分词作状语表示动作与主句的主语是被动关系, 现在分词作状语则表示该动作与主句的主语是主动关系。

▲其他注意事项:1.分词作状语时, 有时为了使意思更明确, 可以在分词前加上对应的连词, 如when, if, because等 (佚名, 2009) 。例如:

If given more time, I can catch up with you.

2.分词还可作插入语。其结构是固定的, 意思上的主语并不是句子的主语 (佚名, 2006) 。例如:generally speaking (一般说来) , judging from (从……判断) , all things considered (从整体来看) , taking all things into consideration (全面看来) 。

参考文献

[1]郭凤高.英语语法实践指南[M].上海:复旦大学出版社, 2005.

[2]刘锐诚.学生实用英语高考必备[M].北京:中国青年出版社, 2008.

[3]佚名.英语语法大全[EB/OL].http://www.wwenglish.com/en/z/grammar/, 2008-5-25, 2006.

篇14:过去分词作状语

1.表示时间

动词-ed形式作状语表示时间,相当于一个时间状语从句。

Seen from the tower, the city looks beautiful. 从塔上往下看,城市显得很美丽。(=When the city is seen from the tower…)

Shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.

带我们参观了实验室之后,又带我们参观了图书馆。

(=After we had been shown the lab…)

Completely examined by the doctors, he went back to school right away. 经过医生彻底检查以后,他立刻回到了学校。

(=After he was completely examined…)

提示:

有时动词-ed形式前可加连词when, while等来强调时间概念。

When asked why she was late for class again, she hung her head in shame. 当被问到为什么上课又迟到时,她羞愧地低下了头。

Once recovered, he went all out to do his work.

一恢复健康,他就全力以赴地干起了工作。

Once started, the clock will go half a month and keep good time.

一旦给这钟上了发条,它就会走半个月,并且走得很准。

2.表示原因

动词-ed形式作状语表示原因,相当于一个原因状语从句。

Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldnt help crying.

孩子们被英雄事迹感动,情不自禁地哭了起来。

(=Since they were moved by the heroic deeds…)

Written in haste, her letter is very hard to read.

因为写得快,她的信很难阅读。(=As it was written in haste…)

Excited by the new discovery, we decided to go out and celebrate.

我们因为新发现而激动万分,决定出去庆祝一下。

(Because we were excited by…)

注意:

为了使动词-ed形式表示的条件、让步等意义更加明显,我们可以加上适当的连词。

Even if invited, I wont go. 即使受到邀请,我也不去。

Though beaten by the opposite team, they did not lose heart.

虽然被对手打败,但他们并没有丧失信心。

Unless invited, he will not come back to the company.

除非被邀请,不然他不会回到公司来的。

3.表示条件

动词-ed形式作状语表示条件,相当于一个条件状语从句。

Heated, water changes into steam. 水加热就能变成蒸气。

(=If water is heated…)

Given more time, he would be able to do better.

多给一些时间,他会干得更出色。

(=If he was given more time…)

Compared with other professors, she was an excellent speaker.

与其他教授相比,她是一位优秀的演说家。

(=If she was compared with other professors…)

4.表示让步

动词-ed形式作状语表示让步,相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。

Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.

尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽,他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。

(=Although they were exhausted by the running…)

Laughed at by many people, he continued his research.

尽管被许多人嘲笑,他还是继续他的研究。

(=Even if he was laughed at by many people…)

Questioned many times a day, Andrew kept silent over the murder.

尽管一天被盘问了多次,安德鲁仍然对那桩谋杀案保持沉默。

(=Although Andrew was questioned many times a day…)

提示:

有时动词-ed形式作状语和动词-ing形式的被动式作状语,并没有多大的区别,可以互换。

Suddenly seized with a high fever, he was unable to attend school.

他因突然发高烧而不能来上学。

=Being suddenly seized with a high fever, he was unable to attend school. 他因突然发高烧而不能来上学。

Brought up in the countryside, he found it hard to get used to town life. 因为是在农村长大的,他感到很难适应城市生活。

=Having been brought up in the countryside, he found it hard to get used to town life. 因为是在农村长大的,他感到很难适应城市生活。

5.表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明。

动词-ed形式作状语表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明时,通常位于句子的后面,相当于一个并列分句。

The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students.

老师站在那儿,被学生围住了。

(=and he was surrounded by the students.)

He went into the office, followed by some children.

他走进办公室,后面跟着一些孩子。

(=and he was followed by some children.)

They turned around and stood in the middle of the room, completely astonished. 他们转过身来,站在房间中央,完全惊呆了。

(=and they were completely astonished.)

She accepted the gift, deeply moved.

她接受了礼物,深深地感动了。

(=and she was deeply moved.)

注意:

动词-ed形式在句中不能用作主语或宾语。

被邀请出席国宴是极大的荣耀。

【误】Invited to the state banquet is a great honour.

【正】To be invited to the state banquet is a great honour.

我不能容忍被人嘲笑。

【误】I cannot stand laughed at.

篇15:drink过去式和过去分词

即使一杯酒也可能影响驾驶操作。

She was too drunk to remember anything about the party.

她喝得酩酊大醉,聚会上的事什么都记不得了。

I drank far too much last night.

我昨天晚上喝得酩酊大醉。

His only way of dealing with his problems was to go out and get drunk.

他解决烦心事的唯一办法就是出去喝个烂醉。

We occasionally meet for a drink after work.

篇16:hold过去式和过去分词

Yes. He wanted you to ring him.

是的, 他想要你打电话给他。

If you need to ring someone.

假如你要给某人打电话。

He started to ring me.

篇17:hold过去式和过去分词

1、fold的基本意思是“折叠”,可指对折,也可指交叠,引申可表示“包围,包起,笼罩”。

2、fold用作及物动词时,接名词或代词作宾语,可用于被动结构; 也可接副词away, up或介词in, around, into 等短语作宾语补足语。

3、 fold也可用作不及物动词,这时主动形式常含有被动意义。

4、fold偶尔可用作系动词接形容词作表语。

篇18:过去分词详解

一、过去分词的用法

1. 过去分词作表语

过去分词作表语时,虽然主语和分词之间仍然存在被动的含义,但它主要表示主语的特性、所处的状态或心理感觉,不能视为被动语态。如:

My fever is gone, but I have a cough. 我不发烧了,但是还有点咳嗽。

He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的样式。

2. 过去分词做定语

单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面,相当于一个省略的定语从句。如:

The excited people (= The people who were excited) rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。

过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面,相当于一个定语从句。如:

Is there anything (that is) planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗?

过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语,前后用逗号隔开。如:

The books, (which was) written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. 这些书是鲁迅写的,受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。

3. 过去分词做状语

过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样,也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。值得注意的是:它必须以句子的主语为逻辑主语,也就是说,它的动作执行对象是句子的主语。

(1)表时间,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。如:

Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看,这个城市就像一个大花园。

(2)表原因,相当于一个原因状语从句。如:

Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. 激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了,停止了争吵。

(3)表条件,相当于一个条件状语从句,有时过去分词前可用if等词。如:

Given another chance, he will do better. 再给他一次机会,他会做得更好。

If (it is) heated, water can be turned into steam. 水如果被加热,会变成水蒸气。

(4)表让步,相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如:

Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. 尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽,他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。

(5)表方式或伴随情况。如:

The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. 那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。

如果需要分词短语作状语,但它又与句子的主语不一致,那么就给该分词短语加一个逻辑主语,从而构成“独立主格结构”。如:

He was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention fixed on/upon it. 他在专心听演讲,他所有的注意力都集中在上面。(方式状语)

“with/without + 宾语 + 过去分词作补足语”所构成的复合结构可以代替独立主格结构作状语。不同的是:①with/without后接代词时,只能接宾格代词。②独立结构通常用作状语,with/without的复合结构既可作状语也可作表语、定语。

His legs crossed, Tom was sitting in the sofa and leisurely watching TV. = With his legs crossed, Tom was sitting in the sofa and leisurely watching TV. 汤姆翘着二郎腿坐在沙发上悠闲地看着电视。(作状语)

The thief with his hands tied behind was turned over to the police station. 小偷双手绑在身后被扭送到警察局。(作定语)

The patient seems to be with no relatives/without any relatives accompanied. 这位病人似乎没有亲属陪伴。(作表语)

4. 过去分词作补足语

过去分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep等词后与一名词或代词构成复合宾语,用作宾语补语。如:

When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined? 你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿?

Somebody found one of the glasses broken. → One of the glasses was found broken. 有人发现其中一个杯子破了。

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二、特别提醒

1. 动词have后所接的三种宾语补语:

have somebody/something do something 不定式作补语必须省去to, 不定式动作由宾语发出,表示一次性的动作。如:

I had the workers do the job for me. 我让工人们替我完成了工作。

have somebody/something doing something-ing分词作补语,分词动作也由宾语发出,强调动作的延续或正在进行。如:

They had the tractor working all the time. 他们让拖拉机一直工作着。

have somebody/something done 过去分词作补语,宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系,通常有两种情况:

①主语让别人做某事,强调主语的意志。如:

He had his hair cut yesterday. 他昨天理发了。

②主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境,说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。如:

He had his leg broken in the match last month.他在上星期的比赛中摔断了腿。

2. 非谓语动词的被动式作定语的三种形式:

the bridge to be built 将要建造的桥

the bridge being built 正在建造的桥

the bridge built 造好的桥

3. 过去分词和–ing分词作表语的区别:

过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受,而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征,如:

Hearing the news, we felt very surprised. 听到那个消息,我们感到很惊讶。

The news is very surprising. 这个消息很令人惊讶。

英语中这样的分词还有很多,如:amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried等。

4. 过去分词和-ing分词作定语的区别:

过去分词作定语和-ing分词作定语有一定的区别。试比较下面几组短语:

boiled water开水

boiling water正沸腾的水

developed countries发展的国家

developing countries发展中国家

由此可见,过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作;而-ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行的主动的动作。

1. Such knowledge is still useful , to similar situations in other countries. (when) 当被应用在其他国家的类似问题中时,这些知识依然有用。

2. , the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive. (paint) 由于这栋楼漆成红色,在其他楼里显得很突出,非常引人注目。

3. It was cold and damp; the man pulled up his collar and put his hands to his . (freeze) 又冷又潮湿,那个男人竖起衣领,把手放在冻僵的脸上。

4. With , some animals are facing the danger of dying out. (cut) 由于越来越多的森林被砍伐,一些动物正面临着灭绝的危险。

5. Popularly American films ever made, The Godfather is a milestone of cinema. (regard)《教父》被普遍认为是美国有史以来最好的影片之一,是电影界的一个里程碑。

1. when (it is) applied

2. Painted red

3. frozen face

4. more and more forests/trees (being) cut down

5. regarded as one of the best

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