路人的英文是什么的相关英语知识

2024-04-12

路人的英文是什么的相关英语知识(共9篇)

篇1:路人的英文是什么的相关英语知识

我们平时说话、写文章都是以英语句子作为基本的单位,把多个句子按一定的逻辑关系连接起来,就变成了一段话或者一篇文章。例如:

Great!很棒啊!

A good idea!一个好主意!

He is busy. 他正忙着。

In order to master English, you need to work hard. However, hard work alone is not enough because you also need good methods. Do you agree with me?

为了学会英语,你需要下功夫。不过,仅仅下功夫是不够的,因为你还需要好的学习方法。你赞同我的观点吗?

英语中最短的句子由一个单词构成,最长的句子由几十个单词构成,甚至由上百个单词构成。

在现代英语中,二十五个单词构成的句子就算是长句了,常见的多数句子的单词数量都由二十五个以内。即使超过二十五个单词的长句,也是按很简单的规则构成的,实际上远远没有看上去那么复杂且可怕。

最重要的是理清句子的六种成分、两种基本句型和四个句型的变化规律,最后才去理清组词成句过程中大量的小知识点、小规则。

作者|丹丹英语

公众号:英语语法学习

★ 零基础英语学习入门知识讲解

★ 过去完成时的用法相关知识讲解

★ 拼音提高班教学计划

★ 中考英语加讲解

★ 成语信嘴胡说知识讲解

★ 英语中特殊的主语单复数形式的知识讲解

篇2:路人的英文是什么的相关英语知识

七巧是个心灵手巧的媳妇,最擅长做线绨.

14. Now , this person photographic memory, but more than likely he is great at taking call notes.

这个人不但记忆力惊人, 更重要的是他很擅长做电话记录.

15. Yesterday, the striker has leapt to the headlines again, with his best at doing things: goal.

篇3:路人的英文是什么的相关英语知识

Listening is one of the compulsory courses for the students majoring in non-English in the author’s college (Zhaotong University, Yunnan) .It focuses on developing learners’listening comprehension competence.So learners are required to understand the conversation produced at normal speed by native speakers and the news in English on radio, such as VOA and BBC after two years’study.But most students cannot meet such requirement.Teachers have made every effort to help students to improve their listening comprehension proficiency, but slow achievement can be achieved.In listening teaching process, the author found many students are poor in English Phonetics knowledge, even worse, many students cannot pronounce English words correctly.Students’such lack of English Phonetics knowledge is one of the individual factors influencing their listening comprehension.

2 Purpose of the Study

The study aims at investigating into whether there exists the correlation between English phonetics and listening achievements on college non-English majors’listening achievement.Furthermore, it is to encourage teachers involved in teaching listening comprehension to take students’English Phonetics knowledge into consideration while teaching.It is also to increase our understanding about English listening comprehension anxiety by examining the relation between learners’listening anxiety and listening achievement.In order to prepare the students as qualified as possible in their future teaching career, the author hopes that the study will play a positive role in the teaching and learning of listening.

3 The Study

3.1 Research questions

We want to know whether there exists lack of English Phonetics knowledge in students’listening learning process, and whether there is negative correlation between lack of English Phonetics knowledge and listening proficiency.Furthermore, we also want to know whether the students can use some ways to improve their listening comprehension as well as encourage the teachers involved to continue to find more effective ways to help the students to make listening learning more efficient.To put it specifically, the study is to answer the following three questions:

1) Do Chinese college students majoring in non-English experience a lack of English Phonetics knowledge?

2) What’s the relationship between Lacking of English Phonetics knowledge and listening proficiency?

3) Can Chinese college students majoring in non-English use some ways to improve listening comprehension?Is it necessary for students to be instructed more effective ways to listening comprehension?

3.2 Research hypotheses

Three hypothesis were proposed in this study:

1) Chinese college students majoring in non-English experience a lack of English Phonetics knowledge.

2) Lacking of English Phonetics knowledge is negatively associated with students’listening proficiency.

3) Chinese college students majoring in non-English can use a number of ways to improve listening comprehension.More effective ways need to be instructed to students to improve listening comprehension.

3.3 Subjects

The participants in this study are 50 first-year college students majoring in non-English from three classes at Zhaotong University in Yunnan.

3.4 Instruments

The instruments used in the study were two listening tests, two questionnaires.Two listening tests of CET-6 were used to check students’listening proficiency.The questionnaires consist of the English Phonetics Scale (EPS) and English Listening Comprehension Coping Way Scale (ELCCWS) .

1) English listening proficiency tests

Seliger et al noted that in second language acquisition research, tests are generally used to collect data about the subject’s ability in and knowledge of the second language of certain disciplines.In the present study, the tests are used as a measure of learners’listening proficiency.Two listening proficiency tests of CET-6 (the listening part) of January 2001 and June 2001 are administered to the subjects, and the subjects’listening proficiency is determined by the average score of the two listening tests.

2) English phonetics scale (EPS)

English Phonetics Scale (EPS) is used to measure students’English Phonetics knowledge levels in listening learning process.The scale consisted of 50 items.The EPS is answered on a 5-point Likert-type scale with five responses ranging from“strongly disagree”to“strongly disagree”:1) “strongly disagree” (scale point one) ;2) “disagree” (scale point two) ;3) “neither agree nor disagree” (scale point three) ;4) “agree” (scale point four) ;5) “strongly agree” (scale point five) .A high score represents high level and a low score represents low level for English Phonetics knowledge.

3) English listening comprehension coping way scale (ELCC-WS)

English Listening Comprehension Coping Way Scale (ELCC-WS) is used to investigate the subjects’coping ways to improve listening comprehension.Before designing English Listening Comprehension Coping Way Scale (ELCCWS) , the subjects were asked to do self-report on how to improve the listening Comprehension in class and after class.The ELCCWS consists of 30 items.It was also translated into Chinese when administered to the subjects.The 5-point Likert-type scale in ELCCWS ranges from“never”to“frequently”:1) “never” (scale point one) ;2) “seldom” (scale point two) ;3) “uncertain” (scale point three) ;4) “occasionally” (scale point four) ;and 5) “frequently” (scale point five) .The higher the overall average, the more frequently the way was used.

3.5 Data collection

In the second week of January 2013, listening test one was conducted for the subjects.A week later, listening test two was conducted for the same subjects.Just after the listening tests, the subjects were immediately required to complete the EPS and the ELCCWS within twenty minutes.As Divine and Kylen argued that if subjects answer quickly, their answer may come from a true feeling which they might rationalize away if students reflect the answers too long after.All subjects were given instructions on how to complete the EPS and the ELCCWS before distributing the two questionnaires.The author explained the purpose of the investigation and asked the subjects to understand the meaning of each question before answering, and then honestly answer each question according to their own true feelings and listening learning experiences.The subjects were told that there was no distinction between“right”and“wrong”answers to each question.The two questionnaires were immediately collected after the subjects completed.

3.6 Data analysis

After all the data needed are collected, analyze them with SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) 10.0.The analysis includes reliability analysis of the EPS and the ELCCWS, correlation analysis between EPC and LP (Listening Proficiency) , and descriptive analysis of the ELCCWS.

3.7 Results of the study

The results of descriptive and inferential statistical analyses of the EPS revealed that a majority of Chinese College students majoring in non-English acknowledged having experienced a lack of English Phonetics knowledge in the process of listening learning.The results of the statistical correlation analyses between the EPS and the LP indicated that lacking of English Phonetics knowledge has a significant and negative relationship with English listening proficiency.Therefore, lacking of English Phonetics knowledge takes a negative effect on the process of listening comprehension and lacking of English Phonetics interferes with the process of listening comprehension.

4 Implications

The present study provides evidence to support the theory that lacking of English Phonetics knowledge does exist in English learning and the theory that lacking of English Phonetics knowledge has a negative relationship with listening proficiency.

This study also has important pedagogical implications.The teachers should be aware of the existence of lacking of English Phonetics knowledge and try to create a friendly and relaxed learning atmosphere for the students.And the teachers shoulder the responsibility to let the students know the fact that English Phonetics knowledge plays an important role for them and it can influence their listening proficiency.Furthermore, the study offers some information about how to deal with lacking of English Phonetics knowledge in listening learning.Teachers must play an active role in improving students’listening comprehension by teaching them more Phonetics knowledge.

摘要:随机抽取云南省昭通学院非英语专业的50名学生, 采用两份调查问卷, 即英语语音知识量表和英语听力理解能力应对量表, 以研究英语语音知识的掌握程度与英语听力理解能力的相关性, 并了解学生提高英语听力理解能力的方法和策略。

关键词:相关性,英语语音,英语听力理解能力,应对方式

参考文献

[1]Bacon S M.Listening for real in the foreign-language classroom[J].ForeignLanguageAnnals, 1989 (22) .

[2]Chaudron C.Intake:On models and methods for discovering learners’processing of input[J].Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 1985 (7) .

[3]Feyten C M.The power of listening ability:An overlooked dinal, 1991 (75) .

[4]Wolvin A D, Coakley C G.Listening[M].2nd ed.Dubuque.IA:William C.Brown, 1985.

篇4:路人的英文是什么的相关英语知识

答:改革开放以来,中国老百姓逐步走出国门,走向世界。特别是近几年,随着中国经济快速发展,人民生活水平显著提高,每年都有数千万人出国旅游、求学、就业、经商等。护照是我们出国必备的证明国籍和身份的证件,对现用的护照大家肯定十分熟悉,但要说到电子护照可能就不太了解了。下面就介绍一下中国外交部公布的有关电子护照的相关信息。

有人可能认为电子护照就不是纸质的了,或许像一张IC电话卡。其实这是误解,电子护照是在传统纸质护照内植入智能芯片,并在芯片中加入持照人的身份及生物特征信息,并以信息安全技术来保证其安全性,但其外观与传统护照并无差别。

有人或许要问,为什么要研发使用电子护照呢?其直接原因就是要加强护照防伪功能,提高通关速度,便利国际旅行。美国“9·11”事件以后,为防范和打击恐怖主义,各国普遍加强了出入境管制措施。因此,作为国际旅行证件,护照的防伪性能成为各国关注的焦点,电子护照由此应运而生。据了解,电子护照的发展在世界范围内经历了三个阶段。

(一)以美国为先行者的初始阶段

美国“9·11”事件之前,电子护照主要停留在概念和技术论证层面。“9·11”事件后,美国迫切要求加强出入境安全工作,投入大量资金加速电子护照的研发,并于2004年首先颁发电子护照,其他各国也相继跟进。

(二)以国际民航组织技术标准为基础的普及阶段

各国都在研发电子护照,但却没有统一的技术标准,这为电子护照的全球通用带来麻烦。为此,国际民航组织一直致力于电子护照的标准化工作,组织各国专家制定技术标准,并选定面像作为必选的生物特征,指纹和虹膜作为可选的生物特征。2006年,国际民航组织推出了电子护照的第一版技术标准,使得各国电子护照可按照统一的标准进行设计签发。2007年,国际民航组织成立了公钥簿组织,公钥簿为各有关国家和地区电子护照的验证提供了便利的技术平台。

国际民航组织技术标准颁布后,电子护照在世界范围内进入了普及阶段,越来越多的国家开始签发电子护照。这些电子护照芯片主要载有持照人身份及面像信息,被称为第一代电子护照。

(三)以指纹技术为核心的提升阶段

随着电子护照的推广,迫切要求进一步提高其防伪性能,仅有持照人的面像信息已不能满足防伪需要,各国开始考虑在电子护照中添加指纹等唯一性生物特征信息。由于指纹信息的敏感性,不少国家使用指纹时面临法律上的障碍。为此,各国通过法律授权或技术性调整等方式积极推动使用指纹。2008年,德国等部分欧盟国家开始颁发含有持照人指纹信息的第二代电子护照,电子护照的安全性大幅提高。

篇5:英语这个的英文单词是什么

1.English

english是什么意思:

n. 英语;英格兰人

adj. 英格兰的`;英格兰人的;英国的;英国人的;英语的

A degree in English does not qualify you to teach English.

你的英语程度教书不够格

John tutored the child in English.

约翰辅导那孩子学英语。

His knowledge of English is fair.

他的英语水平尚可。

Her English is indifferent.

她的英文很一般。

This is not in agreement with standard English usage.

篇6:rom是什么_rom相关知识

rom是什么

ROM 是 ROM image(只读内存镜像)的简称,常用于手机定制系统玩家的圈子中。 一般手机刷机的过程,就是将只读内存镜像(ROM image)写入只读内存(ROM)的过程。 常见的 ROM image 有 img、zip 等格式,前者通常用 fastboot 程序通过数据线刷入(线刷),后者通常用 recovery 模式从 sd刷入(卡刷),故 img 镜像也被称为线刷包,zip 镜像也被称为卡刷包。 国内的定制系统开发者,经常会陷入自己的产品究竟是应该称为 OS还是 UI的争论,为了避免此类争论和表示谦虚,会自称为 ROM。很多定制系统玩家也会统一将定制系统称为 ROM。

rom相关知识

常见的Android 系统的发行版(ROM)

1、CyanogenMod

CyanogenMod是一个基于开源Android系统修改定制的发行版。它提供一些在官方Android系统或手机厂商没有提供的功能 ,例如:支持Free Lossless Audio Codec- FLAC (无损音频压缩编码)音频格式的音乐,多点触控, 从SD外置存储器运行程序,压缩缓存,大量APN的名单,重新启动功能,Wi-Fi无线网络支持,蓝牙,USB网络分享等。CyanogenMod也是第一个使用BFS作任务管理器的操作系统。CyanogenMod声称提供比官方固件版本更高性能和更可靠。

2、Smartisan OS

Smartisan OS是中国大陆科技公司锤子科技推出的一款基于CyanogenMod而深度定制的Android移动操作系统,俗称“锤子ROM”[1]。它大幅修改了Android本地的用户界面并新增了多项个性化的功能。该系统于3月27日在北京国家会议中心的“锤子智能手机操作系统发布会”上,由锤子科技的创始人罗永浩首次公布。

3、IUNI OS

金立公司开发的 Android 发行版,IUNI OS最早的内部代号叫Aurora, 英文里的“极光”一词。负责人刘世超表示,IUNI OS中的OS主要是指“OUR SERVICE”,其本义是通过深度定制的安卓操作系统,为用户提供独特的体验与服务。这种独特性主要体现在四个方面,即优雅文艺的设计风格、精简轻快的实用功能、精致悦动的交互体验以及纯净精良的服务传递。

4、MIUI

MIUI是小米公司旗下基于Android系统深度优化、定制、开发的第三方手机操作系统,能够带给国内用户更为贴心的Android智能手机体验。从8月16日首个内测版发布至今,MIUI已经拥有国内外1亿的发烧友用户,享誉中国、英国、德国、西班牙、意大利、澳大利亚、美国、俄罗斯、荷兰、瑞士、巴西等多个国家。MIUI是一个基于CyanogenMod而深度定制的Android流动操作系统,它加入了大量来自苹果公司iOS的设计元素。MIUI系统亦采用了和原装Android不同的系统应用程序,取代了原装的音乐程序、调用程序、相册程序、相机程序及通知栏,添加了原本没有的功能。由于MIUI重新制作了Android的部分系统数据库表并大幅修改了原生系统的应用程序,因此MIUI的数据与Android的数据互不兼容,有可能直接导致的后果是应用程序的不兼容。 MIUI是一个由中国一班爱好者一起开发的定制化系统,根据中国用户的需求而作出修改,现正处于Beta测试阶段,在收集用户意见后每逢周五均会提供OTA升级。现时MIUI系统由小米科技负责开发,而小米科技在8月发布推出一部预载MIUI,名为小米手机的智能手机,5月15日发布“青春版小米手机。

208月16日深度定制的Android手机系统MIUI诞生,每周五更新。

5、Flyme OS

全新Flyme OS 1.0是魅族为其新一代智能手机倾力开发的创新之作,凝聚了魅族多年来对智能手机用户体验的深度发掘和在其历代操作系统上演进优化的经验和技术实力,力求为魅族手机提供更强大的应用功能和更卓越的操作感受。Flyme OS 1.0将提供逻辑更清晰、操作线程更短的用户交互,令功能一目了然、易用顺手。系统应用也将结合各项快速操作方式而更加智能贴心。新系统UI将全面革新,在清新简洁的基础上使界面表现更富个性化,视觉效果超乎想象,操作中新增大量动态效果,令指尖感受更加逼真,界面随心而动。 同时,魅族精心研发、积极布局的手机云服务在新系统上也开始了新一轮创新。数据备份、同步,手机遗失查找、定位锁定等云服务将藉此获得全面升级,并将新提供手机联系人间的文件云传输等多项新增服务。凭借对系统的全面优化,魅族手机的多媒体影音功能也将更加强大,并将搭载高品质全无损的在线音乐服务。

6、TOS

TOS指TencentOS,3月3日,TOS从6万报名者中选出200名内测体验官,正式开始内测。

设计风格上来看,腾讯TOS系统界面以简约为主基调。

界面风格上来看,腾讯TOS系统以简约为主基调。

预装应用方面,TencentOS内测版仅有天气、文件管理、浏览器等系统层级应用嵌入。

7、XTUI

XTUI全称x-traveller UI,是晓天ROM组的原创UI,主打轻系统,脱去繁重的各项软件,体验纯净的

篇7:路人的英文是什么的相关英语知识

网络安全法六大亮点——

明确了网络空间主权的原则;

明确了网络产品和服务提供者的安全义务;

明确了网络运营者的安全义务;

进一步完善了个人信息保护规则;

建立了关键信息基础设施安全保护制度;

确立了关键信息基础设施重要数据跨境传输的规则。

网络安全法三大焦点——

焦点一如何规范个人信息收集行为?保护用户权益并确立边界

背景:网络安全法用户隐私有哪些内容,中国互联网协会发布的《中国网民权益保护调查报告》显示,从下半年到今年上半年的一年间,我国网民因诈骗信息、个人信息泄露等遭受的经济损失高达915亿元,人均133元。网络诈骗的发生,一般会经历个人信息被收集、遭泄露、被买卖、最后被不法分子实施诈骗等环节。

法律规定

网络安全法第四十条规定,网络运营者应当对其收集的用户信息严格保密,并建立健全用户信息保护制度。

第四十一条规定,网络运营者收集、使用个人信息,应当遵循合法、正当、必要的原则,公开收集、使用规则,明示收集、使用信息的目的、方式和范围,并经被收集者同意。

专家解读

中科院信息工程研究所副所长荆继武新出台的网络安全法强调网络运营者要对收集的用户信息严格保密。一定程度上确定了‘被遗忘权’,也就是说网络运营者收集了我的信息,我有权要求他删除或者是更正,这是很大的一个进步。

中国信息安全研究院副院长左晓栋法律中的一个亮点是强调了收集个人信息的边界,不得收集与其提供的服务无关的个人信息,比如地图导航软件需要用户的物理位置,这是功能性要求,可以满足;但如果要用户提供姓名和身份证号,就属于不必要了。

焦点二如何斩断信息买卖利益链?未经同意提供、出售个人信息违法

法律规定

第四十二条规定,网络运营者不得泄露、篡改、毁损其收集的个人信息;未经被收集者同意,不得向他人提供个人信息。

第四十四条规定,任何个人和组织不得窃取或者以其他非法方式获取个人信息,不得非法出售或者非法向他人提供个人信息。

焦点三个人信息泄露如何补救?运营者要告知并报告

背景:刚登记房屋业主信息,各种租房、装修等电话随即而至;网上平台购买机票、商品,下单付款后就收到改签、取消等诈骗短信。各类网络电信骚扰、诈骗,令人不堪其扰,防不胜防。

各类网络诈骗,尤其是精准诈骗,源头都是个人信息泄露。

法律规定

第四十二条规定,网络运营者应当采取技术措施和其他必要措施,确保其收集的个人信息安全,防止信息泄露、毁损、丢失。在发生或者可能发生信息泄露、毁损、丢失的情况时,应当立即采取补救措施,按照规定及时告知用户并向有关主管部门报告。

焦点四如何对网络诈骗溯源追责?重罚甚至吊销执照

一位基层公安办案人员介绍,网络电信诈骗犯罪成本低,团伙老板租一个小办公室,准备几台电话和电脑,花几百元买来个人资料,雇几个业务员,就能实施诈骗。在实践中,电信诈骗类案件常会出现涉案金额大、认定金额低的情况,难以做到罪刑相等。

二、网络安全法用户隐私有哪些内容法律规定

第六十四条规定,网络运营者、网络产品或者服务的提供者侵害个人信息依法得到保护的权利的,由有关主管部门责令改正,可以根据情节单处或者并处警告、没收违法所得、处违法所得一倍以上十倍以下罚款,没有违法所得的,处一百万元以下罚款;情节严重的,可以责令暂停相关业务、停业整顿、关闭网站、吊销相关业务许可证或者吊销营业执照。

窃取或者以其他非法方式获取、非法出售或者非法向他人提供个人信息,尚不构成犯罪的,由公安机关没收违法所得,并处违法所得一倍以上十倍以下罚款,没有违法所得的,处一百万元以下罚款。

篇8:路人的英文是什么的相关英语知识

Idiom, including metaphorical phrases, slangs, colloquialisms and proverbs, is an important component of language.Some part of language was used repeatedly and accumulated gradually, and then they became idioms, so idioms can be called the quintessence of language.Any language of a long history would include a great deal of idioms.English is one of the most widely used languages in the world;therefore, it is a kind of language that has rich idioms.Idioms are the quintessence of language, so they can reflect the enormous impact of culture on language.In this research paper, the relation between English idioms and British history will be mainly discussed.

The development of a society has an enormous impact on its language.As time goes on, old words disappear gradually, and new words are produced.“In the development language, the traces of history mainly remain in idioms” (Deng, 127) .

“Reviewing the development of human history, we can find that it is mainly the national migration, national conquest and assimilation, and wars between nations that exert the greatest impact of human culture” (Woodward, 34) .

The Roman Conquest is an important event in British history and it exerted great impact on the English language and British culture.

“In 55 B.C., the ancient Rome commander Julius Caesar came to Britain after he conquered Gaul, but he did not conflict with the local Celts this time.In 54 B.C., Caesar went to Britain to battle by himself for the second time, and this time he conquered the southeast of Britain” (Woodward, 89) .Though Caesar won the battle this time, Celts did not surrender, and ancient Rome did not exert great impact on British culture, either.

“Real roman conquest in British history began in 43 B.C At that time, Claudius, the emperor of Rome, led 40, 000 forces finally conquered the middle part and the southeast of British three years later” (Woodward, 91) .With the military occupation the Roman culture and customs were also penetrating into Britain gradually.Roman clothes, ornaments, potteries and glassware soon prevailed in Britain and the social life began to become romanized.With the change of cultural trend, language began to change.Latin was spread in British quickly, especially in the upper class.Official language, legal terms and commercial terms were all Latin.In a period, people who were not able to speak Latin did not have the right to take on government post.This is why Latin has so much impact on modern English.

Roman had occupied Britain for 400 years.It is not until 407A.D.that Romans withdrawn from Britain because the Roman Empire was beset with difficulties both at home and abroad.Roman left, but their culture and its influence was still in Britain.Even today, we can easily find a lot of idioms related to ancient Roman culture.We can easily find some idioms about Rome in a dictionary:Do in Rome as Romans do.Rome was not built in a day.All roads lead to Rome.There are also many idioms about Caesar, such as“appeal to Caesar”, “Great Caesar”and“render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s”.

In 49 B.C., Pompeius Magnus attacked Caesar, at that time, there was a river named Rubicon between Gallia Cisaplina, Caesar’s territory, and Italy.Caesar led his force crossed the river to fight with Pompeius.Before crossing the river, he said:“The die has cast”, which meant we had made the decision.He burnt the boats after crossing the river to encourage his troops to fight bravely. (Woodward, 100)

This story left three English idioms:cross the Rubicon, burn one’s boat and the die has cast, they all mean, “to make decision that cannot be changed in the future”.

“Bear the palm”means“to win, succeed”, because in ancient Rome, the fighter who won the competition usually wore the anadem made by palm to show his victory.“Worth one’s salt”means“worth one’s pay, worth having”, because salt was very precious in ancient Rome, and salarium, a kind of ticket used to buy salt at that time, was part of the military payroll.The word“salary”is derived from“salarium”.For example:Any engineer worth his salt should know how that machine works.

Norman Conquest is another historical event that exerted great impact on English.According to the book A History of England, Norman Conquest was like this:In 1042, the British prince Edward, who went into exile in Normandy for a long time, was recalled to return to Britain to ascent the throne.After he became the king, Edward reinstated many Normandy feudal noble and formed an alliance with Duck of Normandy to oppose the British noble.During the 24 years when Edward was in power, French became the main communication tool of the upper class.In1066, Edward passed away, but he did not have a son to succeed the throne, so Harold Godwin was elected to be the King, which enraged William, Edward’s cousin, the Duck of Normandy, who planned to succeed to the throne.On September 28, 1066, William led the French army and fleet crossed the sea, invaded Britain and defeated British army totally.He killed Harold and was crowned the king known as William I.The House of Normandy in Britain began (Woodward, 225) .

Norman Conquest made a tremendous impact on English.It made French one of the three main sources of modern English and at the same time, French culture influenced British society greatly.The feudal noble regarded being able to speak French as a fashion, wearing French clothes, eating French dishes as the symbol of their status.The influence of Norman Conquest towards English is mainly reflected in English idioms, because many idioms are metaphrased from French.We can find a lot of examples.

“Take heart”is the metaphrase of the French idiom“prendre coeur”.

“Stew in one’s own juice”is the matephrase of“cuire dans son jus”and its meaning is“to make the consequences of one’s own actions”.For example, the last time I lent money after she had spent all her own she just wasted it, so this time I let her stew in her own juice.

“Return to one’s muttons”was from a sentence of a French poem:“Revenon a nos mouton”, which means, “Let us go back to our sheep”.The shepherd and his girlfriend were on the farm, but they had to return to their sheep at last, so this idiom means“go back to reality”.

“Put one’s eggs in one basket”is from“mettre tous ses oeufs dans le meme panier”, which means, “invest all one’s money in one thing”.For example, to buy stock in a single company is to put all your eggs in one basket.

“Have the courage of one’s opinion”is from“avoir le courage de son opinion”.

“Qui vive”in the idiom“on the qui vive”is French, and it means, “Who is that”.But when it came to English, it means“be careful”.For example, some of the men have never done this kind of work before, so you have got to be on the qui vive for any mistakes.

Except for history, idioms also bear close relationships with customs, religions and literature.Therefore, when learning English idioms, English learners should pay attention not only to the literal meaning of idioms, but also to the culture reflected in them Culture is like an iceberg, and idiom is like the tip of the iceberg Take idioms as the penetration point of learning the culture, and pay more attention to the culture reflected in idioms when learning them, then you will benefit a lot from the idioms.

参考文献

[1]、Woodward, E.L.A History if England.London:MethuenE Co.Ltd, 1984.

篇9:路人的英文是什么的相关英语知识

9月份,韩靖的第一个重要行程是参加夏季达沃斯论坛。

作为公益互联网“现象级产品”—“路人甲”的CEO,韩靖这几个月收到的反馈和邀请应接不暇。倡导社会企业投资的南都公益基金会理事长徐永光,三次在文章中肯定“路人甲”;清华、北大、人大、北师大四所高校同时将“路人甲”写入课堂案例;国家互联网信息办公室邀请韩靖作为“公益+商业+互联网”的代表,参与慈善立法讨论。

围绕移动互联网端3000万基数的小额捐赠人,韩靖发现了一个极具想象空间的商业模式。

作为小额捐赠及轻度参与的公益创新互动平台,“路人甲”通过10元定额捐赠,为爱心网友提供了丰富的公益参与方案。并通过与商家联合,以返赠优惠券的方式,帮助捐赠人获得超乎期待的物质答谢,实现了公益项目、捐赠人、爱心企业三方互赢的价值闭环。

自2015年2月14日正式上线以来,在没有任何付费推广的情况下,半年时间“路人甲”APP注册用户近五万人,捐赠笔数达9万笔,复捐率为20%。而通常情况下,小额捐赠平台的复捐率只有2%。

不久前,“路人甲”刚签署了超过千万元的PreA轮的融资协议。此前,它还获得“第三届中国社会创业家年会暨社创之星年度总决赛”总冠军,成为公益创投领域最受瞩目的企业之一。

围绕“小额捐赠人”展开服务

“在‘路人甲’,我们想让有爱心的网友捐得更爽。” 70后韩靖个性爽朗,快人快语,在接受《中国慈善家》采访时坦言。

“路人甲”的口号是,“不旁观,不土豪,有反馈,有答谢。”一切产品内容都围绕着“小额捐赠人”这一核心用户群展开。

从事公益行业多年的韩靖发现,目前针对大额捐赠者的服务越来越好,有各种政策支持、媒体报道以及基金会对接,而对于年度捐款额50元以下的小额捐赠人,则缺少平台关注和相关服务。

通过调研,韩靖发现这类潜在的互联网小额捐赠人数量庞大,每年约有3000万人次。“互联网的特点是组织成本小,边际效应无限大,交易成本降低”,他意识到,“如果一个互联网公司找到三千万用户,还是比较靠谱的。”有过互联网连续创业经验的韩靖,在友成企业家扶贫基金会理事长王平的动员下,在社会创投领域,开始了新一轮的创业实践。

如何让这些爱心网友感受到更好的捐赠体验?韩靖和团队煞费苦心。

打开“路人甲”APP的首页,可供选择的公益项目丰富多元,环保、教育、助残、儿童、动物……每个项目的单次捐赠额度是固定的10元钱。在定下这个额度之前,韩靖参考了中民慈善捐助信息中心的数据,“中国个人捐款笔数最多的是一分钱,主要是找零。我认为这不是意愿性捐款,然后就是10块钱、1块钱和100块,所以我认为10元钱的群体是最大的,笔数最多。”

10元钱能为公益做些什么呢?

在“路人甲”,可以让失能的空巢老人享受一个小时的护理,提供给残友们学习一堂手工培训课,也可以帮助检测一座城市一天的空气质量,或者让一幅破损的古建壁画得以保护和修复。通过与几十家基金会具有公信力的公益项目合作,爱心网友们可按自己的关注喜好进行选择和捐赠。

这样方便捐赠人理解的“产品描述”,背后是“路人甲”团队专门策划的“短阅读模式”,被他们称为“一点一画一句一段”。“一点”是要明确表达出10块钱的价值点,“比如10块钱救助一个早产儿,大家觉得很可笑,但每捐10块钱,就可以延长一个早产儿15分钟的生命,这样表述的话很多人都愿意捐。”“一画”即项目招贴画,是在奥美等广告公司工作的设计师志愿者设计的。加上醒目的一句话项目文案和140字内的简练描述,“用更简单的方式跟网友们沟通,捐赠率很高,说明沟通策略是成功的。”韩靖说。

在“路人甲”推荐的“花甲年华”公益项目中,映入网友眼帘的是一位和蔼可掬的慈祥奶奶,两名志愿者亲吻着她的双颊。“10元钱等于幸福的60分钟”,文案直指“花甲年华”为失能空巢老人提供的居家养老服务,“对于失能老人,一次专业护理,意味着生理和心灵的双重治疗,一个小时,10元的护理费用,让失能的空巢老人重享体面和尊严的生活!”

与其他网站动辄用几千字的图文介绍项目不同,这样精心打磨的效果是,很多公益组织在跟“路人甲”合作过文案后,在其他平台传播时,也愿意使用“路人甲”提供的版本。

目前国内的小额捐赠人发票领取率不到3%,韩靖和团队的工作重心想要解决的问题是,“站在捐款人的角度去思索,他们到底想要什么?”

“他们希望看到的是某些事实的进展,而不是冷冰冰的财务报表。”“路人甲”采用的机制是,一旦捐赠的项目取得进展,“路人甲”会及时发给捐赠人一张沟通进度的明信片。此外,还有一个针对捐赠人本身的公益时间轴。每捐一个项目,捐赠人就会在个人主页收到一张公益成长记录卡,可随时分享到自己的朋友圈。

韩靖很喜欢美国的一个选秀节目《下一个伟大乐队》。在一期节目中,评委对一位没有双臂而用脚弹琴的参赛者说,“我不会因为你是残疾人而特殊照顾。”对方回答“thank you”。在“路人甲”,韩靖也希望传递给捐赠人同样的价值观,“让每个人认识到帮助别人本身是一件有价值的事,而不是一种怜悯。”所以,“路人甲”不做个人求助类的项目,而是反复推敲每个项目中“人性的光辉”,“试图展示帮助他人是值得的。”

创新性的惠捐模式

除了良好的用户体验,“路人甲”引起各界广泛关注的一个重要原因,是开创了一种全新的惠捐模式。

“路人甲”把传统捐赠链条上的三方资源重新做了整合。传统思维中,捐赠往往是单向的,公益组织作为“弱势群体代言人”,将社会、企业和爱心人士的捐赠,转化成受助方需要的帮助。而在“惠捐模式”中,“路人甲”不做“财富的搬运工”,而是要做“价值的创造者”。

对于捐赠人而言,“路人甲”为他们创造了可持续、易分享的贴心捐赠体验。它在商家的支持下,为捐赠人提供了超过10元捐赠额的消费优惠券作为爱心答谢机制,涵盖衣食住行各个领域。

“我们老提公益生活化,凭什么生活化呀,恰恰是今天买壶茶可以参与公益,明天喝杯咖啡可以参与公益,后天唱卡拉OK也可以参与公益,这样才有助于培养一个人公益习惯的形成。当有一天,一个捐款人,他过了三年这样的生活,你不再给他优惠券,他也照做公益不误,已经形成习惯了。”韩靖说。

“路人甲”的第一张爱心商家优惠券,是来自“天天用车”的20元代金券,此后爱奇艺、桔子酒店、美团、京东、东来顺、鲜蜂网等企业陆续与其展开合作。“对于商家来说,一方面行使了企业社会责任,推广了品牌,同时也真实导入了用户。”

优惠券(CPS)模式,是互联网电商常用的一种销售推广模式。在导入真正消费之前,商家并不需要另外花钱,而优惠券实际产生的每一笔消费,都将带来真正的用户。“传统做广告,不知道谁会看,能不能带来销量也不清楚,但是跟‘路人甲’合作不一样,即使给100元优惠券,他不来我这儿消费,我一分钱没花,他来我这儿消费1000块,我给他100块怕什么呀,所以是一种真实用户的导入。”

通过“路人甲”设定的这一模式,商家除了能行使企业社会责任,也能改进跟用户之间的关系。“传统思维中的消费者,买完之后不知道他是谁,不知道他下次是否还来买。而用户不一样,跟商家之间有非常复杂的多粘性关系,借助公益元素,相对来说比较容易构架这样的关系。”

对于公益组织而言,通过“路人甲”筹到了更多的项目用款,但“路人甲”并不仅仅定义自己为一个筹钱平台,未来,它希望成为一个协助公益组织“筹人”的平台,这也是它与其他筹款平台的一个最大区别。

作为友成企业家扶贫基金会副秘书长、友成扶贫志愿者行动计划第一任策动人,韩靖深知中国公益领域缺乏长期关注项目的个人,而不仅仅是钱。他在跟公益项目负责人聊天时,都会问对方一个问题:“如果在一个项目中,一个人一次捐100块,另一个人每月捐10块,持续捐10个月,你会希望出现哪种情况?”所有人的答案都是后者,“人才是最重要的。”

韩靖希望捐赠人在“路人甲”培养出自己对公益项目的持续关注和习惯,“我要为中国每一个优秀的公益项目,绑定十万粉丝。”

9月中旬,将在深圳慈展会上发布的“路人甲”2.0版本中,“路人甲”APP也会发布大量全新功能。韩靖称,“要让公益项目跟捐款人产生更多直接的沟通,使得每一次捐赠人都能在公益项目的账户里沉淀下来,让公益机构和捐增人产生更多的联系和粘性。”

由此,通过惠捐模式,“路人甲”把公益捐赠领域的三方紧密结合在一起,形成了一个完整的价值闭环。

“好的商业模式是这样的,每个人没有更多的付出,但是都为他人做出了不可替代的贡献。社会创新就是把没有被利用到的资源激活,这需要观察、思考、判断、创造的整合,是很高级的脑力劳动。”一直关注推动社会创新的友成企业家扶贫基金会理事长王平,在接受《中国慈善家》采访时对“路人甲”评价道。

打造有温度的公益品牌文化

“路人甲”这个名字,是韩靖有次开车时得来的灵感。

在投身公益领域之前,做广告创意出身的韩靖,曾在华谊兄弟跟着冯小刚拍过一段时间电影。在驾驶中喜欢追求速度感的他,看着很多人在眼前闪过,脑海中忽然冒出拍电影时那些群众演员的称呼,“路人甲”“匪兵乙”……

“对!路人甲!”

想到这个名字,韩靖非常激动。“实际上我们的愿景是,让每一个中国人,能更加轻松、没有心理障碍、愉快地参加公益。每个中国人都能这样去做的话,我们就能活得更加暖和一点。”

名字取好之后,团队所有人都感觉非常好,COO张岩从外地出差回来,吃饭时听到这个创意,沉默了五分钟,对韩靖说,“真TM棒,就它吧!”

名字好记,传播起来也非常方便。“路人甲”团队曾去一家餐厅吃饭,后来韩靖再去,服务员对他说,“我认识你,虽然不知道你叫什么,但我知道你叫路人甲。”

韩靖后来回味、梳理,发觉这其实是一个非常有根基的品牌文化。

“今天的中国,冷漠正成为我们心中的隐痛。可能有很多人,在别人需要帮助时,就从他的身边慢慢走过去了。我们主张大家不做冷漠的路人,而是做一个有温度的路人甲,在他需要帮助的时候,伸把手就可以了。也不用成为活雷锋,我们就是普通的老百姓,能尽自己所能帮助别人,感受到互相取暖的快乐。”

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