施工图预算论文开题报告,中英摘要

施工图预算论文开题报告,中英摘要（共3篇）

篇1：施工图预算论文开题报告,中英摘要

题目：学府华庭住宅小区1号栋工程的施工图预算

1.结合课题任务情况，根据所查阅的文献资料，撰写1000字以上的文献综述。

作为国家管理基本建设经济活动的重要工具, 施工图预算是改善企业管理,提高 企业经济效益,控制工程造价的重要基础工作，它是根据施工图、设计文件资料和施工组织设计．以及国家颁布的预算定额、取费标准和预算编制办法，按当地、当时的人工、材料、机械台班的实际价格进行编制的。它是反映工程建设项目所需的人力、物力、财力及全部费用的文件，是施工图设计文件的重要组成部分，因此，应根据具体工程采取科学合理的方法编制。本文旨在对施工图预算的内容和编制进行研究。

首先回顾下施工图预算的内涵，在李慧，何爱萍的《浅谈施工图预算》中指出，施工图预算由一系列计算数字和文字说明组成。工程项目总预算包含若干个单项工程综合预算；单项工程综合预算包含若干个单位工程预算。总预算和综合预算由以下五项费用构成：①建筑工程费；②安装工程费；③设备购置费；④工具、器具购置费；⑤其他工程和费用。单位工程预算由直接费、间接费、计划利润构成；设备及安装工程的单位工程预算还包括设备及其备件的我们知道，建筑产品具有位置的固定性、单件性、价值量大等区别于其他产品的特殊性，也正是由于建筑产品的这些特殊性，决定着建筑产品价格要根据不同的条件和有关文件的要求（招标文件），按不同工程分别计算分部分项工程量和逐项套用企业定额，然后累计计算出直接费并据以计算其他费用，汇总出单位工程或单项工程造价，同时应进行工料分析。刘汉龙在《对建筑工程施工图预算内容及编制的探讨》中主要介绍了编制施工图预算常用方法——单价法。即根据地区统一单位估价表中的各分项工程综合单价，乘以相应的各分项工程量，并相加，得到单位工程的人工费。材料费和机械使用费三者费用之和。再加上其他直接费、间接费、计划利润和税金，即可得到单位工程的施工图预算。具体步骤如下：1)准备资料 2)熟悉施工图纸，了解施工现场3)计算工程量4)套用预算单价 5)计算工程直接费 6)计算工程间接费7)计算计划利润和税金 8)确定单位工程预算造价 9)编制说明、填写封面

编制预算的关键在于工程量计算，在现阶段，市场方面，市场化经营运作越来越规范，要求计算工程量准确、及时、适用。赵丽娟，黄文平在共同编写的《AutoCAD在施工图预算中的应用》一文中，认为AutoCAD施工图是工人在施工中所依据的图样，施工图具有图纸齐全、表达准确、要求具体的特点，是进行编制施工图预算的重要依据。在计算施工图预算工程量的工具手段方面，张凌在《 施工图预算工程量计 算的方法与探讨》中认为“机编”即计算机进行工程量

编制处于推广阶段，全面的自动识图没有解决，“手编”还是主要的编制手段。另外孙家燕，吴红在《浅谈施工图预算的定额核算问题》认为建筑工程预算定额是编制施工图预算的基础资料,正确地掌握定额的使用方法,有利于及时、准确地编制出预算文件,改进预算工作。

综上所述，在工程造价（工程成本）的计算这一整个流程当中，施工图预算的地位是非常突出的。此篇论文的关键是努力把握好施工图预算的内容和施工图预算编制的一系列流程，在不断探索中求得创新。

参考文献

[1] 李慧，何爱萍.浅谈施工图预算[J].电力建设,2002年12期

[2] 刘汉龙.对建筑工程施工图预算内容及编制的探讨[J].法制与经济,2010年

第08期

[3] 赵丽娟，黄文平.AutoCAD在施工图预算中的应用[J].黑龙江科技信息,2008

年 第05期

[4] 张凌.施工图预算工程量计算的方法与探讨[J].黑龙江科技信息,2007年 第04期

[5] 孙家燕，吴红.浅谈施工图预算的定额核算问题[J].黑龙江科技信息,2000年04期

2.选题依据、主要研究内容、研究思路及方案。

选题依据：

施工图预算作为建设工程建设程序中的一个重要的技术经济文件,在工程建设实施中对于控制工程造价及合理使用资金、拨付工程款、办理工程结算,节约建筑施工企业成本、签订施工合同,实现项目预期经济效益和社会效益起着十分重要的作用。自1987年开始由设计院编制施工图预算以来，发现存在预算质量低、预算超概算、返工较多等问题，这使得我们对施工图预算的作用以及施工图预算的编制过程要予以足够的重视，以提高建筑工程质量。

研究内容及思路或方案：

研究内容：本工程土建部分工程预算书；各分部分项工程量计算式；钢筋下料表 研究思路或方案：

1、搜集资料，熟悉设计任务；

2、熟悉学府华庭01号住宅楼的施工图纸，划分预算子目；

3、根据工程量计算规则计算各分部分项工程量并填写工程量计算表；

4、计算各构件的钢筋下料长度并填写钢筋配料表；

5、统计并查照计价规范等计算出工程项目总价和其他相关费用。

摘要

施工图预算作为建筑工程造价的重要依据,是招标、投标、签订施工合同、工程施工管理和工程竣工决算的重要文件,根据具体工程采取科学合理的方法编制施工图预算,对确保工程造价的准确度具有十分重要的意义。本文旨在对施工图预算的内容和编制进行研究。研究过程中，通过熟悉图纸，图集，定额，了解工程的基本情况，根据工程量计算规则，按基础工程、士石方工程、混凝土工程、门窗工程、砌筑工程顺序计算建筑部分工程量，按先地面、天棚，后墙面顺序计算装饰部分工程量，套定额得出总造价并复核结果是否有误。施工图预算计算和编制时，服从道理，不固执己见，保证“量”与“价”的准确合理。

关键词：施工图预算，工程量，综合单价分析

ABSTRACT

As an important basis for architectural engineering cost，construction budget is an important document for bidding and signing of construction contracts, construction management and final completion of the project.Adopting Scientific and reasonable method should be adopted to draw budget compiled according to specific engineering construction, which has very important significance to ensure the accuracy of engineering cost.This paper aims to research the content and preparation of

construction budge.The basic situation of project should be understood through the familiar with drawings, atlas, quotas, According to engineering quantity calculation rules, the architecture part of engineering should be computed in order the foundation engineering, concrete engineering, excavation engineering, windows engineering and building project.The adornment partial of engineering should be computed in order the floor part, ceiling, walls.The total cost should be resulted from quota-setting and the result should be re-checked to see whether it is right or wrong.The “quantity” and “price” should be guaranteed accurate and reasonable during budget calculations and preparation of construction plans.Keywords: construction budget, engineering, integrated unit price

篇2：施工图预算论文开题报告,中英摘要

摘要：应用小波变换估计传导语音的谐波噪声比(具体方法)，研究了不同发声方式、发音及声带病变对传导语音谐波噪声比的影响，并与口腔语音的谐波噪声比进行了对比研究(具体对象)，发现发不同元音时，传导语音谐波噪声比的变化范围是5bB，口腔语音谐波噪声比的变化范围为20dB;不同发声方式的传导语音谐波噪声比的变化范围可达18dB，口腔语音的变化范围为12dB(具体结果)。结果表明传导语音谐波噪声比能够更好地反映声带振动模式，是一种研究声带振动功能和模式及喉部疾病诊断的有效方法(具体结论)。

关键词：口腔语音;传导语音;谐波噪声比;小波变换

篇3：中英文开题报告

Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies 1 Introduction The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis. Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS). DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context. My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community. The method of DTS is basically descriptive. The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. Translation phenomena are noted down. With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis. A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS. “Norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm. The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions. Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches. In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.

2 Outline 2.1 Development and major concepts of DTS In this part I will describe Holms’ basic map of DTS and the relationship between function, process and product. I will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc. 2.2 Methodolgy I will in this part discuss the methodology of DTS before I apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm. 2.3 DTS in contrast to other theories A contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of DTS from other theories such as equivalence theory and the Chinese Xin Da Ya criteria. Some advantage will possibly be shown in this study. 2.4 Case study In this part, translation of The Dream of Red Mansions (also translated as The Story of The Stone) will be under investigation in light of DTS. Translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random. 2.5 Conclusion Based on the above elaboration of DTS and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of DTS in specific study of translation. Suggestions on further research efforts will be made also. (Note: While the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.) 0

000

附录2- 引文范例(仅供参考) “It is therefore pointless to try to make TC more scientific than is sensible in view of its complex subject-matter and available methods. Translating is a mental, multi-factorial activity which cannot exhaustively be investigated within a linguistic framework ignoring the person of the translator.”(Wilss, 1982: 217) ‘“噢，这就是恐水病吧?你们贵族圈子怎么流行起这种病来啦?真够呛的!费芬斯小姐，您喝点茶大概没关系吧!”’(张南峰，1990：59-60)

附录3- 参考文献范例(仅供参考)

Wilss, Wolfram. The Science of Translation C Problems and Methods. Gunter Narr Verlag Tubingen,1982. Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall, 1988. Delabastita, Dirk. Translating Puns: A false Opposition in Translation Studies. Target, 1991(3:2):137-152. 张南峰(译). 王尔德戏剧选. 福州：海峡文艺出版社，1990. 戴炜栋. 构建具有中国特色的英语教学“1条龙”体系，外语教学与研究，(5).

附录4- 封面范例(仅供参考)(中文) 对外经济贸易大学硕士学位论文 论品牌名称翻译的特殊性 专 业：

研究方向：

作 者：

导 师：

写作时间： ― 对外经济贸易大学

英语学院 (英文)

School of International Studies

University of International Business and Economics Pragmatic Strategies

in Advertising: Implicatures Wang Ying A thesis submitted to School of International Studies of

University of International Business and Economics

In partial fulfillment of the requirement

For the degree of Master of ArtsApril