定语从句高考考点聚焦

定语从句高考考点聚焦（精选五篇）

定语从句高考考点聚焦 篇1

关键词：高考英语,定语从句,常见考点

众所周知, 定语从句既是高中英语语法教学的重点和难点, 也是高考热门考点之一。纵观近几年高考试题, 我们不难发现定语从句有下列常见考点:

1. 考查选择恰当的关系代词或关系副词

关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语、表语, 关系副词充当状语。选择什么关系代引导定语从句, 首先要看该词在定语从句中充当什么成分, 然后再根据先行词来确定具体关系词。请看下列表格:

注意:关系代词作宾语时一般可以省略, 但是非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不能省略, 介词后面作宾语的关系代词也不能省略。在近几年高考试题中, which引导非限制性定语从句是最常见考点之一。

2. 考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句一直都是高考考查的热点, 其中介词的选择是关键。在“介词+关系代词”结构中, 关系代词指人时只能用whom, 指物时用which;其次, 如果“介词+关系代词”在定语从句中作时间状语用on、in、by等表示时间的介词, 作地点状语用on、in、at等表示地点的介词, 作原因状语用for, 作方式状语用in、by、with等。

3. 考查“名词、代词、数词等+of+关系代词”引导的定语从句

“名词、代词、数词等+of+关系代词”结构常常出现在非限定性定语从句中, 表示一种所属关系。如果先行词是人关系代词用whom, 先行词是物关系代词用whom。可以用于这种结构的代词有some、all、none、both、neither、many、most、each、few等。注意:由“名词+of+关系代词”引导的定语从句可转换成“whose+名词”引导的定语从句。

4. 考查定语从句和其它相似易混结构的比较

为了考查学生定语从句的实际运用和应变能力, 命题人经常将定语从句和并列句、名词性从句、状语从句或强调句型混在一起考查。解题时, 首先要弄清是什么从句, 再根据所选择的的词在句中的作用作出最佳选择。

5. 考查分隔式定语从句

所谓分隔就是指定语从句和它所修饰的先行词之间被其他句子成分隔开。此时, 解题的关键是要找到定语从句所修饰的先行词, 然后删除插入语, 最好再根据关系词在从句中的成分确定最佳选择。

另外, 在复习定语从句时, 我们还必须注意以下两点:

1.注意关系代词that和which引导定语从句的异同。

当先行词是物时, 关系代词that和which在一般情况下可换用, 但在以下几种情况下一般用that, 不用which:

1) 当先行词是all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、few、little、much、the one等不定代词, 或先行词被all、every、some、any、no、few、little等修饰时;

2) 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词the first、the second、the last等修饰时;

3) 当先行词被the only、the very、the right修饰时;

4) 当先行词既有人又有物时;

5) 在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中, 为避免重复, 定语从句常用that引导。

注意:在下列场合关系代词通常用which, 而不用that。

1) 在非限制性定语从句中, 如果先行词是物, 只能用which;

2) 先行词是物, 定语从句中的介词提前时, 只能用which。

2.注意as和which引导定语从句的异同。

1) 在限制性定语从句中, 如果先行词前有the same、such、as, so修饰时, 要用as代替who (m) 、which或that引导的定语从句。

2) as引导的非限制性定语从句与which引导的非限制性定语从句的异同:

共同点:which和as都可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容, 有时可以互换。

区别:as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前面、插在主句中间或放在主句末尾, 而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面;as引导的从句常有“正如”、“正像”之意。

参考文献

[1]章振邦.2003《.新编英语语法教程》[M].上海外语教育出版社

[2]李陆桂等.2005《.高中英语语法大全》[M].广西师范大学出版社

[3]李艳荣.2009.定语从句的教法探索[J].中小学英语教学与研究. (10)

[4]韩小庆.2011.研析2011高考试题, 归纳定语从句考查热点[J].中学生英语. (11)

[5]石晓娜.2011.解析2011年高考英语定语从句五大考点[J].青苹果高中版. (11)

定语从句易考点透视 篇2

定语从句一直是高考测试的重点和热点。本文结合高考试题对定语从句的易考点进行归纳总结,希望对同学们备考有所帮助。

一、 考查关系词的基本用法

关系词是用在定语从句中来代替先行词的,选择关系词的关键是看先行词在定语从句中作何成分。作主语、宾语或表语时,用关系代词,指人用who (宾格用whom)或that,指物用which或that;如果作状语,则选用关系副词,分别用when, where, why代替时间、地点、原因状语;如果先行词在定语从句中作定语,则不管指人还是指物,都可用whose。

[原题再现]

I work in a business ________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.

A. how B. which C. where D. that

答案: C

[解析]关系副词where在定语从句中作地点状语。

二、考查as和which引导非限制性定语从句,用来代替整个主句或主句中的一部分内容的用法

二者的区别是:

1. as引导的从句可放在主句之前、之后或中间,而which引导的从句则不能放在主句之前。

2. 当从句谓语动词是be announced / expected / known / reported / said / imagined / shown等被动形式或usually happen, be often the case等表示主句的习惯性或司空见惯之意时,常用as。

3. 当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或谓语带的是一个复合宾语结构时,一般用which而不用as。

[原题再现]

Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, ________, of course, made the others envy him.

A. who B. that C. what D. which

答案: D

[解析]关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个句子。

三、 考查“介词 + 关系代词”引导定语从句的用法

当先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,往往可以把介词放在关系代词之前,构成“介词 + 关系代词(whom / which)”结构。但一些短语动词(如look after等)中的介词不能与动词分开,故不能放在关系代词之前。

[原题再现]

American women usually identify their best friend as someone ________ they can talk frequenthy.

答案:D

A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom

[解析]关系代词whom在定语从句中作介词with的宾语,talk with sb.意为“与某人谈话”。

四、 考查分隔式定语从句的用法

定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面,但有些时候也会被同位语、状语、谓语、其它定语等成分分隔。此时能够理清句子结构,慧眼识别先行词就显得特别重要。

[原题再现]

The film brought the hours back to me ________ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.

A. until B. that C. when D. where

答案:C

[解析]先行词为the hours,关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语。

五、考查定语从句与其它句子的区别

定语从句易与状语从句、同位语从句、并列句以及强调结构等混淆,在做题时要细心识别。

[原题再现]

① The famous scientist grew up________ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.

A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever

答案: C

[解析] 本题中的where是从属连词,引导的是地点状语从句。若引导定语从句,其前应加上先行词at the place。

②A story goes ________ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.

A. when B. where C. what D. that

答案:D

[解析]本题中that引导的是同位语从句。that引导同位语从句时,在句子中不作任何成分,而在定语从句中则要作主语、宾语或表语。

③ The Parkers bought a new house but ________ will need a lot of work before they can move in.

A. they B. it C. one D. which

答案: B

[解析] it... before是常用句型。

④ It was for this reason ________ her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village.

A. which B. why C. that D. how

答案:C

定语从句考点聚焦 篇3

[焦点一] 考查关系代词who

[要点简述] 当指人的先行词是定语从句的逻辑主语或是从句动作的执行者时，关系代词要用who。

[中考试题]

1. The real great man is the man ______ makes every man feel great.

A. whereB. who C. whichD. when (2006年云南省课改试验区)

2. — Do you know the lady ______ is interviewing our headmaster?

— Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV.

A. whichB. who C. whomD. whose(2004年辽宁省)

3. The girl with some flowers in her hand is my sister.（改为含有定语从句的复合句）

→The girl______ ______ some flowers in her hand is my sister.（2006年兰州市）

Keys: 1～2：BＢ3： who has

[焦点二] 考查关系代词whom的用法

[要点简述] 当指人的先行词是定语从句的逻辑宾语时，关系代词用whom，有时可以省略。

[中考试题]

The young lady ______ we met yesterday is our new maths teacher.

A. what B. whose C. whom D. which （2005年天津市） Key:C

[焦点三] 考查关系代词 that的用法

[要点简述] 关系代词that在定语从句中可以指人或物，通常用作主语、宾语、表语等。that指人时，可代替who / whom；指物时，相当于which。但以下情况只能用that，不能用 which：1.先行词为all，much，something，everything等不定代词时；（如：There’s nothing that can be said about it.关于这件事可能无话可说。） 2.当先行词被any，few，little，no，some等修饰时；（如：There is little work that is fit for you. 几乎没有适合你的工作。） 3.当先行词为数词或被last，next等修饰时；（如：Look at those flowers. You can see the two that you gave me. 看那些花，你能看见你给我的那两种。） 4.当先行词被the very，the only，the just修饰时；（如：The only thing that I need now is money. 我现在唯一需要的是钱。） 5.当先行词既指人又指物时；（如：We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited.我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下了很深的印象。） 6.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时；（This is the most important task that should be finished soon.这是必须很快完成的最重要的任务。） 7.主句是以who，which引导的疑问句时；（Who is the woman that was talking to my mother? 和我妈妈谈话的那个妇女是谁？）8.先行词在主句或从句中作表语时用that，不用which。（如：It’s a book that will help you a lot. 这是一本对你很有帮助的书。）

[中考试题]

1. — Who is the man ______ was walking to our English teacher?

— Oh! It’s Mr.Baker, our new maths teacher.

A. he B. that C. whom D. which （2004年广东省）

2. That’s the only thing ______ can’t be forgotten in my life.

A. that B. which C. who D. / (2003年甘肃省)

3. With the money ______ he had saved, he went on with his studies.（2004年常州市）

A. what B. that C. who D. where

4. There are lots of things ______ I need to do before I leave tonight.（2006年漳州市）

A. that B. who C. whyD. what

Keys: 1～4：BABA

[焦点四] 考查关系代词which的用法

[要点简述] 关系代词which在定语从句中通常用作主语、宾语或定语。以下情况只能用which，不用that：1.引导词后面有介词时；（如：This is the room in which he works. 这是他的工作间。）2.先行词本身是that时；（如：The watch is that which tells the time. 表是报时用的。）3.非限制性定语从句中先行词是物时；（如：He has a computer, which was bought by his father yesterday.他有一台电脑，是他爸爸昨天买的。）4.引导词在被动句中用作主语时。（如：I like the toys which are colored. 我喜欢那些涂了不同颜色的玩具。）

[中考试题]

1. — Can you introduce the town to me?

— OK. This is the town in ______ I was born.

A. thatB. who C. which(2005年哈尔滨市)

2. The town ______ we visited a few years ago is much larger than before.

A. it B. who C. which （2005年四川省）

3. I’m looking at the photograph ______ you sent me with your letter.

A. who B. when C. which D. it （2004年浙江省）

Keys: 1 ～ 3：CCC

[焦点五] 考查关系代词whose的用法

[要点简述] 关系代词在定语从句中作定语指人并表示所属关系时，用whose。

[中考试题]

He is one of the experienced engineers in this factory ______ hard work was repaid with the development of the factory.

A. where B. whose C. in which D. that （2006年兰州市）Key:B

[焦点六] 考查关系代词省略的用法

[要点简述] 关系代词that在定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略。

[中考试题]

— Do you know everybody ______ came to the party?

— No. I don’t know the one ______ you had a long talk with near the door.

定语从句高考考点聚焦 篇4

关系代词指代内容所做成分关系副词指代内容所做成分

who人主、宾语when=介词+which时间时间状语

whom人宾语where=介词+which地点地点状语

which物主、宾语why=for which 原因原因状语

/人和物宾语how方式方式状语

that人和物主、宾、表语

whose人和物定语

as人和物主、宾、表语

【口诀】完成定语从句四部曲：先行、完整、成分、定

（1）先行：找出先行词。

（2）完整：分析定语从句是不是完整的句子，若不是完整的句子，用关系代词，若是完整的句子，用关系副词。

（3）成分：看先行词在定语从句中的成分

（4）定：确定合适的关系词。

考点二:that和which不能互换的定语从句

1.只用that不用which的情况

【口诀】代、高、序、恰、表、人和物

①代：先行词为不定代词或被不定代词修饰；②高：先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰；

③序：先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰；④恰：先行词被the very, the just, the only修饰；

⑤表：先行词在从句中作表语；⑥人和物：先行词既有人又有物。

［2010全国卷II,16］ I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault.

2.只用which不用that的情况

【口诀】that两不去：逗号后面它不去，介词后面它不去

［2010江苏南京市三模］Our teacher urges us to form a good habit of learning, which we think will benefit us in the long term.

考点三：介词+ which引导的定语从句

【口诀】一先二动三形容四复合五省略

一先：一看先行词；二动：二看定语从句的谓语动词；三形容：三看定语从句的相关形容词;四复合：介词of前有many, both, some等来修饰，构成介词+ which的复合结构；五省略：这种结构中的定语从句可以改为动词不定式。

［2010陕西西工大附中4次训练］People have lots of problems living in the central Australian desert, of which the lack of water is the most serious one.

［2010高考英语上海秋季卷,38］Wind power is an ancient source of energyto which we may return in the near future.

考点四：whose引导的定语从句

当先行词和从句中的名词构成所属关系时用whose，whose=of which+the+n.= the+n.+ of which

［2010北京西城二模］I need to call my friend David in whose coat I walked off by mistake yesterday.

［2010江蘇32］The newly built café, the walls of which are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.

考点五：as引导的定语从句

【口诀】限制非限制，还有一个看搭配

限制：限制性定语从句中，构成as…as; the same…as; such…as

非限制：非限制性定语从句中，指代主句一整句话，位于主句前后皆可。表“正如”。

搭配：固定搭配，如：as we all know, as is mentioned above, as is often the case

［2010全国大联考（新课标）］ As is known to all, the earth travels round the sun once every year．

考点六：模糊地点的定语从句

当先行词是case , stage, situation, position, scene, point等，从句是完整的一句话，用地点副词where.

［2010河北石家庄市二模］It was reported that a girl suddenly got into a strange situation where she was unable to speak.

考点七：分隔式定语从句

有时定语从句被插入语、谓语、同位语等成分分隔，做题时要忽略干扰成分，找到先行词。

［2010河北石家庄市一模］An earthquake happened in Haiti on Jan.12,2010, which many countries in the world paid close attention to.

考点八：定语从句与强调句结合

［2010安徽27］It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village that the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.

定语从句高考考点聚焦 篇5

命题要点

先行词不可省略

先行词是指被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，如果省略了它，定语从句也就失去了作用，即所谓“皮之不存，毛将焉附”的道理。例如2008年高考英语江苏卷第24小题的“变形”题：

—Is this Science Museum _____ we visited during a trip to Europe?

—Yes. It attracts many tourists to be here every day.

A. whichB. the one C. whereD. what

分析：正确答案为B。本题具有很大的迷惑性。有些考生容易误将句子主语“this Science Museum”看作表地点的先行词，而误选C。也有考生可能会在分析句子成分后，误认为visited缺宾语而误选A。我们可以将题干中的问句变为肯定形式“This Science Museum is _____ we visited...”分析后发现，主句缺少表语(即用作从句的先行词)，同时省略了关系代词that，故选择B。

试比较：

—Is this the Science Museum _____ we visited during a trip to Europe?

—Yes. It attracts many tourists to be here every day.

A. whichB. the one C. whereD. what

分析：本题仅在“Science Museum”前加了限定词the，答案便完全不同。将主句变为肯定形式“This is the Science Museum”，主句完整，“the Science Museum”是先行词，从句中visited缺少宾语，故选择which作宾语，或which也可以省略。正确答案为A。

以往我们认为选择关系副词和关系代词，只需分析从句，补出所缺成分就行了。通过上述两道题的对比我们发现，分析主句也十分重要，尤其应注意不要忽略先行词。

从句谓语动词与先行词保持一致

在定语从句中，从句的谓语动词应该与其修饰的先行词保持一致。这也是命题者的思路之一。例如2008年高考英语浙江卷第13小题的“变形”题：

—Do you know this is one of the newest books that _____ on computer?

—Sorry, I never saw them before.

A. have been writtenB. was written

C. has been writtenD. have written

分析：首先确定先行词应是“the newest books”，而非“one of...”，表示的是一个复数概念，从而判定从句的谓语动词应该使用复数形式，故排除B项和C项。物作主语，动作被完成，应使用被动语态，正确答案为A。

试比较：

—Is this the only one of the newest books that _____ on computer?

—Sorry, I never saw it before.

A. have been writtenB. was written

C. has been writtenD. have written

分析：将上题中的先行词“one of...”变成“the only one...”时，所指代的概念也就变成单数概念，故排除A项和D项。再根据答句，判断其时态应和现在相关，故排除B项，正确答案为C。

判断从句谓语动词用单数还是复数形式时，要根据先行词的指代而定，不要只看先行词本身的单数或复数形式。

先行词为抽象的地点或时间

先行词是抽象的地点或时间时，容易误导考生。例如2008年高考英语江西卷第35小题：

Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _____ consumer complains have resulted in changes in the law.

A. whereB. when C. who D. which

分析：考生由于受思维定式的影响，习惯在先行词是具体地点时才选择where。而分析此题，定语从句的先行词是cases，不是具体地点，因此考生很容易误选which。分析句子结构，空白处应填入的内容在从句中作状语，又因cases是指抽象的地点，意为“在这些案例中……”，所以正确答案为A。

再如2008年高考英语上海卷第38小题：

We went through a period _____ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.

A. which B. whoseC. in whichD. with which

分析：先行词period并非是一个明确的时间，而是抽象的模糊时间。分析从句可确定空格处应该填入时间状语。最常用的时间状语为when，而备选答案中没有when，所以想到when = in which，正确答案为C。

考生应重点掌握可用作先行词的抽象时间和抽象地点的名词：moment、situation、position、period、case、example、article (条款)、paragraph等。

先行词可以是代词

分析近几年的高考英语试题，定语从句的先行词多以名词或名词短语的形式出现，所以考生很容易忽略其以代词形式出现的情况。实际上，代词可以用作先行词，考生切忌将思维局限于先行词就是名词上。例如：

Those _____ can explain the mystery firstly will get a reward.

A. who B. they C. he D. that

分析：本句的先行词是指示代词those，因此应选择who。正确答案为A。

另外，我们要熟记：当先行词是all、much、little、nothing、anything、the one等不定代词时，关系代词只能用that。

先行词和关系代词不可重复

当先行词是某个关系代词时，从句里便不能重复出现这个代词，而应选择其他的关系代词。例如：

Who (先行词) that (关系代词) has broken the window should be blamed. 打破窗子的人应该受到责备。

Which is the picture that you drew yesterday? 哪一幅画是你昨天画的？

先行词兼指人和物，或为一个句子

在分析句子结构、判别先行词时，考生切不可“望文生义”，认为先行词就是单独的一个词。它可以兼指人或物，有时候甚至可以是一个句子。

当先行词在主句中兼指人和物时，从句的关系代词只用that(that也可以省略)。例如：

Everything and everyone (that) I saw there gave me a deep impression. 我在那里看到的一切人和事物都令我印象深刻。

非限定性定语从句中，当定语从句修饰的是整个主句时，关系代词用which。例如2008年高考英语全国卷II第16小题：

The road conditions there turned out to be very good, _____ was more than we could expect.

A. it B. what C. which D. that

分析：考查非限定性定语从句，which指代前面的整个句子，正确答案为C。

黄金法则

确定定语从句应用关系代词还是关系副词时，我们有一条“黄金法则”，即关系代词 = 先行词，关系副词 = 介词 + 先行词。

该法则适用于所有定语从句关系词的选择，其具体使用方法为：根据这条”黄金法则“，只要把从句中的关系代词或关系副词换成先行词，若从句句子成分正确，结构完整，那么答案就是正确的。例如2008年高考英语陕西卷第13小题：

The man pulled out the gold watch, _____ were made of small diamonds.

A. the hand of whomB. whom the hands of

C. which the hands ofD. the hands of which

分析：先行词是the gold watch，是指物，因此首先排除A项和B项。运用“黄金法则”，把先行词(the gold watch= which)分别代入C项和D项。C项变为“the gold watch the hands of”，很明显句子不通；D项变为“the hands of the gold watch”，句子完整，故正确答案为D。

又如2008年高考英语安徽卷第26小题：

All the neighbors admire this family _______ the parents are treating their child like a friend.

A．why B. where C. which D. that

分析：这个句子的先行词为this family，which和that为关系代词，根据“黄金法则”(关系代词 = 先行词)， which/that = this family，代入从句则题干变为“...this family the parents are treating their child like a friend.”句子不完整，故排除C项和D项。又根据“黄金法则”(关系副词 = 介词 + 先行词)，where = in this family，将其代入后从句变为“in this family the parents are treating their child like a friend.”句意完整，故B项正确。而A项why表示原因，不符合题意，可排除。

基于以上分析，我们要认识到定语从句中先行词的重要性，并在复习备考的过程中重点掌握，结合“黄金法则”，便能轻松解答高考英语中涉及定语从句先行词和关系词的选择的考题，制胜高考英语。

作者简介：

温荣，张家口教育学院(宣化校区)英语教师，教授英语精读、英语语法、英语语言学等课程，著有《翻译思维与技巧》一书。