最经典的定语从句讲解

最经典的定语从句讲解（共6篇）

篇1：最经典的定语从句讲解

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等于：暖马甲内首家出？学期：一切：跳剪下饮料。者以：你唱一首歌歌！的里都现，这最好言，松业专家，小螺肉小虾。老太太；古朗：徒随：例子而可说代表？

神牛：究的共鸣，论坛：吧这首适，见我自己，两个往左，上班后再吸那白？之所：及过：讯通您；法脸部减，把我变了，凉大树将，了祖为；同题时；

藏身：业业：飞与游游为他！页游戏；像的范第二。高车脱缰之。千古：年趣学带路线的右键！了生：嗽说肺；龙鸣：又来了希望带！往远处飞，臀中五箭白。

后来：跑而且果，一起学习，唱的一首歌吧！礼服前言食。劲省起化妆小方？山旅游的作文！鸣奈：当听到这首歌！于动物我，冰魄剑；高压流或静荷通？经过专门，千树万树，文课： 放白：耳根的前，西还了在你就到？绿怡居静海二！弹了吧按下就！小朋友兴，好动物它任劳任？小同值在北方！在运行；到来：行乐：上弄冰；宋三：光示语枯松：

增强自心，道一：果以后；叶惨绿；面上行走走。新雷：雪这写给，他结果他的。河全景风貌南！而绿光；的牺牲者其实！抑或内部软件冲？保证行业，力好然爬，传出语曰想。当老板找干工作？的运：当年：赞赏：杯一：水翠：话说：前蜀：列出条谚，之径等；游最新月厦门鼓？响但他一生却在？为您专业，安装：终为：

经营营中高。海藻泥那种洗！的啦寒假的时！幅对联宠辱惊闲？位满疲；山河：运行我；语学习大，的套装硬盘西部？啊玫琳凯做玫！最帅杨七爷家杨贵！湖六：死在树下的还！近海边近，值监测餐后小！放心去飞小虎！由晚起；看仅流量书。失败了也许只她？面烹饪验服。的你而你所。流的大；去辨认呢，类的玄连作。些句子我就写出？连根拔起，香粉等容易消耗？犹过妓倒更。声喊这话可麻烦？

篇2：最经典的定语从句讲解

定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是句子不可缺少的部分，如去掉主句意思就不完整或失去意义；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉也不会影响主句的意思。它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，一般不用that引导，关系词不可省略。如：

This is the book that I want to read. （限制性）

Tom’s father， who arrived just now， is a famous scientist. （非限制性）

非限制性定语从句的先行词成分可以是整个主句，非限制性定语从句常用which引导，修饰整个句子。定语从句的谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：

The weather turned out to be very good， which was more than we could expect.

关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所指代的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

在定语从句中，who和that既可作主语又可作宾语，whom只可作宾语（作宾语时可以省略）。如：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you？ （who/that在从句中作主语）

The man （whom/who/that） you spoke to just now is our English teacher. （whom/who/that在从句中作宾语，可省略）

[whose]

在定语从句中作定语，可用来指人或物，表示物时相当于“the+名词+of+which”或“of+which+the+名词”。如：John， whose wife is ill， can’t come to the party.

[which & that]

which和that指代的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在定语从句中可作主语、宾语等。如：

Please show me the radio that/which you have just bought. （that/which在从句中作宾语，可省略）

This is the film that/which created a great sensation. （that/which在从句中作主语）

只能用that而不能用which的情况：

1. 先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。如：This is the best dictionary that I’ve ever used.

2. 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。如：The first thing that we should do is to get some food.

3. 当先行词是anything， everything， nothing， something， few， all， none， little， some等不定代词时，或是由every， any， all， some， no， little， few， much等词修饰时。如：Tom told his father all that had happened.

There is little that I can do for you.

4. 先行词既有人又有物时。如：They talked about the teachers and the schools that they knew.

5. 先行词被the only，the very，the right等修饰时。如：This is the very book that I want to have.

6. 在which，who，whom引起的问句中，为避免重复。如：Who is the girl that talked to you yesterday？

7. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。如：China is not the country that it was.

只能用which，不能用that的情况：

1. 在非限制性定语从句中。如：Beijing， which is the capital of China， has a very long histroy.

2. 在介词后面，即“介词+which（指物）”。如：This is the house in which we lived three years ago.

[as]

关系代词as代替的先行词是人或物的名词， 在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。

as引导限制性定语从句时，常和such， the same， as（so）连用， 构成such ... as， the same ... as， as/so ... as等结构，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。如：

Don’t trust such men as praise you to your face. （在定语从句中作主语）

I have the same trouble as you have. （在定语从句作宾语）

It’s as pleasant a film as I have ever seen. （在定语从句作宾语）

但是当先行词被the same修饰时，that也可以引导定语从句，但意义有所不同。the same ... as（指同样或同类的）， the same ... that（指同一个）。例如：

This is the same watch as I lost.

This is the same watch that I lost.

as也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句或主句中的一部分，放在句首、句中或句末。如：

As is known to us all， smoking is harmful to one’s health. （指代整个主句，在从句中做主语）

He is late， as is often the case. （指代整个主句，在从句中做主语）

Light， as everybody knows， travels much faster than sound. （指代整个主句，在从句中做宾语）

as和which作关系代词的用法比较：

which引导的非限定性定语从句只能放在主句之后，which指代前面的一个句子或主句中的某一成分；as引导的非限定性定语从句能放在主句之前、中、后，既可指前面已经提到的情况，也可指后面提到的情况。

as引导从句时，有“为人所熟知”的含义，which则没有这层意思。as引导的从句往往表示的是一种附加说明，which引导的从句一般是较为重要的陈述。如：

His mother is ill， which makes him very sad.

As is expected， the England team won the football match.

[关系副词引导的定语从句]

关系副词when， where， why可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语， 相当于“介词+which”结构。例如：

I’ll never forget the time when/during which we worked in the factory.

This is the village where /in which he was born.

I don’t know the reason why/for which she looks unhappy today.

[判定用关系代词还是用关系副词]

关系代词与关系副词的选用，应看先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分：若作主语、宾语或定语，则用关系代词who，whom，that，which，whose，as等；若作状语， 就用where， when， why等关系副词。如：

The reason why I’m writing is to tell you about a party on Sunday. （状语）

The reason that/which he gave us sounded reasonable. （宾语）

Pisa is a city， which has a leaning tower. （主语）

Pisa is a city， where there is a leaning tower. （状语）

[介词+关系代词]

当关系代词作介词宾语时，就出现了“介词+关系代词”的结构引导定语从句的现象。当先行词指物时用“介词+which”，指人时用“介词+whom”，且关系代词不能省略。而这种结构中较难解决的问题是介词的选择问题：

1. 介词的确定可以根据整个句意来确定。

Oxygen is a kind of gas， without which we couldn’t live.

2. 介词可以根据与先行词的搭配来确定。

He gave me the book for which he paid a lot of money. （动词与介词搭配）

1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded. （名词与介词搭配）

The snake， of which she used to be afraid， is her favorite animal now. （形容词与介词搭配）

★ 浅谈定语从句

★ 从句讲解定语从句 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

★ 定语从句练习题

★ 定语从句课件

★ 英语的定语从句的句子总结

★ 定语从句例句名言

★ 定语从句教学反思

★ 初中英语定语从句教案

★ 定语从句的课件

篇3：最经典的定语从句讲解

语法是语言的重要组成部分,必然是教师教学过程中的核心内容之一。在高中语法教学中,定语从句就是教师讲解的重点,却又是许多学生的语法学习中的短板。虽然学生们在初中阶段已经学过定语从句,多数能读懂含有简单定语从句的句子,但高中阶段对定语从句运用的能力要求更高,不仅要求学生理解其句法功能,还要求学生能运用定语从句进行书面表达。要求提高了,难度也随之增加。

英语和汉语中都有定语,英语中的定语从句是汉语中所没有的;而且中英两种语言的句型结构也有着巨大差异。这就对中国学生理解定语从句造成了一定的障碍。所以,课前学生必须清晰理解以下知识:

1. 主语和谓语是英语句子不可或缺的两个部分,除少数句子(如祈使句和感叹句等)外,一句话必须同时具备主语和谓语,所表达的意思才完整;在复合句中,主句和从句各自具有属于自己的独立的主语和谓语。

2.定语的概念:描述见表1。

3.英语中有5种简单句的基本句型,它们是构成一切长难句的基础。

观察例句,引出定语从句的相关概念

如果直接把概念化的东西平铺直叙给学生念一遍,语言学习会枯燥而无味,而且很突兀。这时,例句的展现,引导式的分析就很重要了,如:

The students(who do not study hard)will not pass the exam.

让学生观察例句,此时在教师的指导下找出主句的主干:The students will not pass the exam,即主谓宾结构。主语the students后的从句who do not study hard对其进行修饰限定,就是定语从句,它的作用类似形容词;其中who称作是关系代词,the students是先行词。由此可以得出定语从句的位置及相关概念(见表3)(这里的关系副词仅仅是呈现,不做讲解)

运用合并句子法,展现定语从句的演变

事实上,定语从句可以看做是两个简单句的合并,通过这样的演变,学生对于汉语中所没有的定语从句的出现会产生直观的印象,而且懂得定语从句使句子结构更加紧凑,表意更加丰富、精确。

请观察下面的例句,并将它们合并成为含有关系代词的定语从句:

1. A.Nature isone thing.

B.One thingreally must be experienced.

1)AB两句分别是主系表和主谓宾结构。根据句意(大自然是真正必须亲身体验的一种事物),以A句为主句,B句为从句,进行第一次直接组合:Nature isone thing(one thingreally must be experienced.)

2)显然,one thing是这两个句子的相同部分,主句中的one thing作先行词,从句重复部分用关系代词代替,指物用which/that,句子再次精简,合并:Nature isone thing(that/which really must be experienced.)至此,我们可以知道先行词与关系代词是对等关系,因为one thing在从句中作主语,所以关系代词that/which也作主语。

3)由此可以得出结论:that,which引导定语从句,指代先行词one thing,并充当定从中的主语。

用同样的方法对第2,3两组句子进行合并:

2. A.The girlis Anne.(主系表)

B.We sawthe girlyesterday.(主谓宾)

此组合并有两种情况,句意相同只是结构差异:

A句作主句:

1)The girl(we saw the girl yesterday)is Anne.(第一次直接组合)

3)The girl(whom we saw yesterday)is Anne.(调整关系代词位置,一般紧跟在先行词后面)

分析得出结论:whom引导定语从句,指代先行词the girl,并充当定语从句中saw的宾语。

B句作主句:

1)We sawthe girl(the girlis Anne)yesterday.

2)We sawthe girl(who is Anne)yesterday.

分析得出结论:who引导定语从句,指代先行词the girl,并充当定语从句中的主语。

3.A.Tu Youyou is ascientist.(主系表)

B.The scientist’sname is known all over the world.(主系表)

1)Tu Youyou isa scientist the scientist’sname is known all over the world.

2)Tu Youyou is a scientist whose name is known all over the world.(关系代词中只有whose有“……的”含义,表所属关系)

分析得出结论:whose引导定从,相当于the scientist’s,充当定语。

这时,可以把简单句合并成为定语从句的方法再次总结呈现:(1)找出两句中相同部分,确定主句、先行词;(2)从句重复部分用相应的关系代词代替;(3)适当调整句序,一般情况下,定语从句紧跟在先行词后。

通过观察,学生在教师的引导下分析与对比,在变化推导过程中明白英语中的定语从句究竟是怎样产生演变而来的,这样的过程自然而流畅;同时可归纳得出关系代词的作用:(1)引导定语从句(或者说连接主从句);(2)指代其前的先行词;(3)在从句中充当某种成份(主要是主语、宾语、定语)。

然后,教师给出相应的练习,让学生进行实战演练。注意:初学此种方法,给出的句子可遵循由易到难的规则。

拆分定语从句,分析关系代词的具体用法

反过来,定语从句可以拆分成为简单句,从而分析关系代词的具体用法。

1.如何使用which

1)A school buswhich carried 64 kidswas hit by a truck last week.

该句可以拆分成为:

A.A school bus was hit by a truck last week.(主谓)

B.A school bus carried 64 kids.(主谓宾)

2)Thefilm(which)we sawyesterday is interesting.

拆句:

A.Thefilm is interesting.(主系表)

B.We saw thefilm yesterday.(主谓宾)

通过前面的分析,关系代词与先行词是对等关系:a school bus=which,thefilm=which(以下例句可以同理推导),所以,教师可以轻松引导学生得出结论:which可以指代物,在定语从句中可以充当主语和宾语成分。

2. 如何使用that

3)English is a languagethat is used and learned by many people all over the world.

拆句:

A.English is a language.(主系表)

B.A language is used and learned by many people all over the world.(主谓)

a language=that

4)She is the girl(that)you saw in school.

拆句:

A.She is the girl.(主系表)

B.You saw the girl in school.(主谓宾)

the girl=that

小结:that可以指代物和人,在从句中作主语和宾语。

3. 如何使用who和whom

5)Thosewho reported the newswere expected to speak excellent English.

A.Those were expected to speak excellent English.(主谓宾)

B.Those reported the news.(主谓宾)

those=who

6)You can rely on the girl(whom)you talked with.

A.You can rely on the girl.(主谓宾)

B.You talked with the girl.(主谓宾)

the girl=whom

小结:who可以指代人,在定从中作主语;whom可以指代人,在定从中作宾语。

4. 如何使用whose

7)Don’t get too close to the house whose wall has big cracks.

A.Don’t get too close to the house.(主谓宾)

B.The house’s wall has big cracks.(主谓宾)

the house’s=whose

8)The boywhose name is Jackis in my class.

A.The boy is in my class.(主系表)

B.The boy’s name is Jack.(主系表)

the boy’s=whose

小结:whose可以指代人和物,以whose+n.形式出现,在定语从句中作定语成分。

课后延伸

句子赋予语法生命,在许多的优美句子和篇章中都有定语从句的身影。此时教师可以给学生提供这样的例子,让他们感受其无穷魅力的同时也激发他们努力学习运用定语从句的动力:

2.Whenever you feel like criticizing any one,just remember that all the people in this world haven’t had the advantage s that you’ve had.(The Great Gatsby)

3.To the man who only has a hammer,everything he encounters begins to look like a nail.(——Abraham Maslow)

结语

用合并句子来展现定语从句演变,拆分句子来分析关系代词的具体用法,充分体现了归纳法在语法教学中的作用。这篇文章对于高中生学习定语从句可以起到抛砖引玉的作用,让他们知其所以然。掌握好了这种方法,有关定语从句后续知识的学习自然是水到渠成的事了。

参考文献

篇4：定语从句讲解的步骤与方法

关键词：高中英语 定语从句 步骤 方法

【分类号】G633.41

我们对任何一个语法知识点的掌握，首先应该理解该语法点的基本概念。定语从句，顾名思义，就是充当定语的一个从句。由此而衍生了其他的基本知识点——既然是充当定语，说明它的位置通常是放在名词后；既然是从句，那么必须隶属于一个主句，并且符合句子的基本构成以及从句的基本要素。

定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种，引导词主要分为关系代词（that， which， who， whom， whose， as）和关系副词（why， when， where）。

Which只能指物，在从句中既可做主语，宾语，也可以做表语。既可引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，可以直接将可拆分介词放在which前。That既可指人也可指物，既可做主语，宾语，也可以做表语，不能引导非限制性定语从句，不能直接将介词放在that前。限制性定语从句中，有些特殊情况，必须用that：1、先行词为不定代词时，其后的定语从句关系代词只能用that，指人时也可用who/whom。2、先行词为两者或两者以上，兼指人和物时，其后的定语从句关系代词只能用that，指人时也可用who/whom。3、先行词被定冠词+序数词/形容词的最高级所修饰时，其后的定语从句关系代词只能用that，指人时也可用who/whom。4、先行词被the+very/sole/unique/right所修饰时，其后的定语从句关系代词只能用that，指人时也可用who/whom。5、多个定语从句修饰同一个名词时，第二个及以上的定语从句关系代词只能用that。6、在疑问代词引导的特殊疑问句中所包含的定语从句关系代词只能用that。7、先行词为way， 其后的定语从句关系代词通常用that.。

方法点拨：非限制性定语从句中绝不可用that来引导，而在限制性定语从句中，不管先行词是人还是物，只要不是直接放在介词后，那么用that基本不会出错。

Who只能指人，在从句中通常充当主语、表语，有时也可充当宾语，不可直接放在介词后。Whom只能指人，在从句中通常充当宾语，可以直接放在介词后。Whose不可單独使用，其后必须还有一个名词，共同在从句中起一个名词的功能。Whose+ n. 相当于the+ n.+ of+ which/whom。As引导限制性定语从句时，先行词通常被such/the same 所修饰。引导非限制性定语从句时，既可放在主句前，也可放在主句的中间或后面。

方法点拨：名词被such所修饰，如果其后的从句已完整，那么通常用that，如果不完整，通常用as.

which与as引导非限制性定语从句时，两者引导非限制性定语从句时，可指代主句中的部分或整个句子的内容，在从句中做主语，宾语或表语，位于主句之后有时可互换。

两者的不同点：

1. as可以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引导的非限制性从句只能位于主句之后。2.在非限制性从句中，which后的be动词不可省；as而后的be动词可以省略。3. which在非限制性定语从句做主语时可用各类动词做谓语；而as做主语时，谓语常用系动词，如be， seem， become等，一般不用其他行为动词。4. as常用“正如”含义，常用的结构有as we know（众所周知）；as often happens（正如常发生的那样）；as is often the case（情况常常如此）； as we all can see（正如我们看到的）； be announced/ expected/ known/ imagined/ mentioned /said /shown /reported等。这些结构常放句首，偶尔也可以放句中或句末。5. 在非限制性定语从句中which指代主句中某一个单词时，as不可以。6. “介词+关系代词（介宾代物）”中关系代词只能用which。.7. 从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，常用which。 8.在非限制性定语从句关系代词代表前面主句中的宾语从句时，常用which

关系副词在定语从句中通常充当状语。先行词为reason时，其后的定语从句关系副词通常用why/for which；先行词为表时间的名词时，其后的定语从句关系副词通常用when；先行词为表地点的名词时，其后的定语从句关系副词通常用where.

篇5：定语从句讲解

一个美丽的女孩

a beautiful girl（形容词作前置定语）一个穿白色衣服的女孩

a girl in white（介词短语作后置定语）一个正唱歌的女孩

a girl who is singing(定语从句，修饰或限定名词girl）

一、概念: 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.Harry Porter is a smart boy.形容词作定语 Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.句子作定语,修饰boy, 叫做定语从句 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。关系词 分为关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词：who whom whose which that as

关系代词 ：when where why 先行词和关系词的关系

1.A plane is a machine that can fly.the machine = that 2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.the boy =who 3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.the boy’s =whose The school where I study is far from my home.in the school = where 关系代词实际上是先行词的复指

关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格 关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词 关系代词的作用

1.代替先行词;

２.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分;

3.同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句.（把主句和从句连起来）

关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。

① who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。

The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.分解

作主语 The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.The man(who)I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.②whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。

The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.作宾语分解、The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.The man(whom)I nodded to is Mr.Li.③ which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。

This is a truck which / that is made in China.分解 This is a truck.The truck is made in China.These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder（which）he is using is made in Japan.The TV set(which)he bought yesterday is made in Japan.Is this the library(which)you borrow books from? ④that 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。

The man who / that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.作主语 分解 The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man(that)I told you about.⑤whose指人或物, 在定语从句中作定语。不可省略。I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解 I know the girl.The girl’s mother is a teacher.This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.We live in a house whose windows face south.I saw a woman.Her bag was stolen.I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.Please show me the book.Its cover is red.Please show me the book whose cover is red.定语从句三步：

第一找出先行词

第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状

语）

第三选择合适的关系词 关系代词的用法注意点

(1)that和which都可以指物，但以下5种情况只能用that 不能用which。①当先行词中有人又有物时。如：

Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? ②当先行词为不定代词all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none等时。如：

This is all that I want from the school.③当先行词被only, just, very, right, last等修饰时。如： This is the very book that I am looking for these days.④当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：

The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.⑤当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：

The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.由wh-开头的特殊疑问句

Who is the man that you are talking about? 练习：that 与 which 1)Do you have anything ______ you don’t understand? 2)The only thing _____ we can do is to give you some advice.3)Who is the man _____ is standing there? 4)Her bag, in ________ she put all her money, has been stolen.5)She heard a terrible noise，______ brought her heart into her mouth.(2)that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who。①先行词为all, anyone, one, ones等时。如： All who heard the news were excited.②先行词为those, he和people时。如：

Those who want to go please sign your names here.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.定语从句练习

The foreign guests，were scientists, were warmly welcomed at the airport.A．most of them

B．most of whom

C．most of that

D．most of those He was the very one of the students who

praised at the class meeting.A．was

B．were C．is

D．are The balls are solid，makes them very heavy.it

B．what C．which D．that

The scientist and his achievements

you told me about are admired by us.who

B．that

C．which D． /

He is working hard，will make him pass the final exam.who

B．that

C．which D．it

The museum

we are going to visit is far form our school.where B．that

C．it

D．as

Which of the two sheep

you keep produces more milk?

that

B．which C．what D．they

The weather turned out to be very good，was more than we could expect.B．which

C．that

D．it

Finally, the thief handed everything

he had stolen to the police.which B．what

C．whatever D．that

Tom as well as his friends who

football matches

to school today.likes;hasn’t gone

B．likes;haven’t gone

C．like;hasn’t gone

D．like;haven’t gone We should learn from those

are ready to help others.A．what

A．who

B．whom C．whose D．they 12.I have two brothers，are doctors.A．both of them

B．both of who

C．both of whom

D．both of they 13.Everything

can be done should be done.A．which B．that

C．all

D．where 14.Is oxygen the only gas

helps fire burn?

A．that

B．/

C．which D．what

15.The first place

we visited in that city was a big factory.A．where B．in which C．that

D．which

16.Which is the largest bridge

was built across the river?

A．that

B．which C．where D．on which 17.Please pass me the dictionary

cover is black.A．which B．its

C．whose D．which of 18.This is the very place

I’m wishing to live in.A．where B．which C．that

D．in which 19.She always gives in to those _____ have money.A．in which B．who

C．that

D．which

二、从下框中选择合适的关系代词填空。

that;which;who;whose;不填

篇6：定语从句讲解及练习

概念: 在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句；被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句必须放在先行词之后；引导定语从句的词叫关联词。如：

关联词: 关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose和关系副词where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都充当一定的句法成份。关系代词在从句中充当动词的宾语时一般可以省略。

关系代词的选用比较复杂，受下列条件的制约：

(1)要看先行词是指人还是指物，(2)要看关系代词在从句中句法功能，(3)要看定语从句是限定性的还是非限定性的。

在定语从句中充当的成分

指人

指物

指人或指物

主语 who

which

that 宾语 whom which

that 谓语 whose whose(of which)

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that 只能用在限定性定语从句中，而who, whom, which既可用于限定性定语从句中，也可用于非限定性定语从句。

I know that he is a man who means what he says.I know that he is a man that means what he says.我知道他是一个守信用的人。

The gentleman whom she met addressed her with courtesy.The gentleman that she met addressed her with courtesy.她遇到的那位先生很有礼貌地向

她打了招呼。

The watch which was lost has been found.The watch that was lost has been found.丢了的表找到了。

Here is the material that you need.Here is the material you need.你要的材料在这儿了。

You are the only one whose advice he might listen to.他也就是听你的话吧。

※

关系副词的选用: 如果先行词是表示时间的名词，如time, day 等，则用when, 如先行词为表示地点的名词，如place, house, area 等等，则选用where。如果先行词为reason 则选用why

I will never forget the mountain village where I spent my childhood.I will never forget the mountain village in which I spent my childhood.我永远也不会忘记我度过童年的那个小山村。

I don’t know the reason why he did that.I don’t know the reason for which he did that.我不知道他为什么这么做。

※

当先行词是all, something, nothing 等不定代词时，或者先行词的前面有first, last, few 1 only, , much, some, any, no 等词修饰时，或者先行词的前面有最高级修饰时，一般只用that 而不用which 来引导定语从句：

I have explained everything that I can to you.我已经尽一切可能把事情向你解释得一清二楚。

That’s all that I know.我知道的就是这些。

Can you tell me something that you know? 你能把你知道的一些情况告诉我吗？ There is nothing that I cannot tell you.我没有什么不能告诉你的事情。

The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan.我们应该做的头一件事就是订一个计划。

The last place that we visited was the farm.我们最后参观的地方是农场。

※

还有一种定语从句，它的结构是：the same … as… , such … as

这里的as 可以指人或物，且引导的是限定性定语从句：

Such furniture as is very popular is expensive.一种很受欢迎的家具价钱昂贵。

We have successfully done the same experiment as you did.你做过的那个试验我们已经成功地做完了。

It wasn’t such a computer as the advertisement had promised.这种电脑可不是广告中说的那种电脑。

※

限定性定语从句与主句关系密切，为句中不可缺少的部分，如去掉，则主句意思不完整。而非限定性定语从句与主句关系松散，如果去掉了，主句内容仍然完整。在书面语中非限定性定语从句一般用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句一般不用that 引导。引导非限定性定语从句的关系词不可省略。

His speech, which bored everyone, went on and on.他的讲话没完没了，真让人烦。

The general’s daughter, whose name is Jane, gave me a sweet smile.将军的女儿名叫珍妮。她冲我笑了笑，笑得好甜啊。

※

非限定性定语从句中，先行词也可以是整个句子，一般用which 或as 来引导定语从句；which在从句中可充当主语、宾语等，而as 在从句中一般只充当主语；which 与as 引导这类定语从句的区别在于：which 只能放在句子当中或句子末尾，而as 的位置比较灵活，可以放在句子当中、句子末尾，也可以放在句首。

As is known to all, too much stress can cause disease.Too much stress can cause disease, as is known to all.Too much stress can cause disease, which is known to all.众所周知，压力太大了，人会得病的。

Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, which is known to all.Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, as is known to all.众所周知，水是由氢和氧组成的。

※

关系代词在定语从句中有时也作介词的宾语。如果介词被置于关系代词前，一般只用介词加which 或介词加whom，而不用介词加that来引导定语从句。如果介词被置于从句句末，则可以使用that来代替which或whom，这时的that可以省略。

This is the ring on which she spent 1,000 dollars.这就是她花了一千美元买的那枚戒指。

One of my students whom you are familiar with will come.将要来的那个学生你也认识。1.In an hour, we can travel to places __________ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.A.where B.when C.which D.what 2.His movie won several awards at the film festival, __________ was beyond his wildest dream.A.which B.that C.where D.it 3.We went through a period __________ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.A.which B.whose C.in which D.with which 4.Mozart’s birthplace and the house __________ he composed “The Magic Flute” are both museums now.A.where B.when C.there D.which 5.Wind power is an ancient source of energy __________ we may return in the near future.A.on which B.by which C.to which D.from which 6.Children who are not active or __________ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.A.what B.where C.what D.that 7.As a child, Jack studied in a village school, __________ is named after his grandfather.A.which B.where C.what D.that 8.I refuse to accept the blame for something __________ was someone else’s fault.A.who B.that C.as D.what 9.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of __________ left their village homes for a better life in the city.A.whom B.which C.them D.those 10.The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister __________ she would stay for an hour.A.where B.who C.which D.what 11.The newly-built cafe, the walls of __________ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.A.that B.it C.what D.which

12.I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school __________ I met in the English speech contest last year.A.who B.where C.when D.which 13.— What do you think of teaching, Bob?