第一篇：苔丝研究范文
浅析《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的悲剧
班级:2011英语教育姓名：孔秋芬时间：2013-10-9
浅析《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的悲剧
《德伯家的苔丝》是英国著名小说家托马斯·哈代的巨著之一。这部悲剧围绕着出生在贫苦农民家庭的少女苔丝展开的。主人公苔丝在精神上和肉体上受到两个男性的摧残，由一个天真活泼的少女转变成世俗偏见的受害者，并最终沦为一名杀人犯走上了刑场。
然而苔丝的 悲剧结局并不是意外，而是由于各方面的原因综合造成的： 一：贫穷和家庭是导致苔丝悲剧的最直接的原因。
苔丝的家庭原属于在当时农村不受欢迎的岌岌可危的阶层。苔丝的父亲是个懒散无能，虚荣愚昧而且好酒贪杯的小贩。母亲则是个浅薄庸俗 ，不谙世事的大娃娃，也是一脑子虚荣。家庭的贫寒使苔丝去认本家。但当苔丝受到侵犯并拒绝嫁给阿力克后，苔丝的母亲感到非常的沮丧和失望。她不停地抱怨苔丝光顾着自己，不为家里人着想，她甚至责备苔丝如果不想嫁给阿力克就应当更小心些。但苔丝的母亲从未考虑过造成这一切的根源是她从没有警告过苔丝所面临的那个危险。并且两个无能的父母却有着七个孩子，沉重的家庭负担随时都有可能落到苔丝头上。苔丝心疼她的弟妹，不忍心他们受苦。这个形势决定了苔丝的命运。 二：苔丝的悲剧与两个男性息息相关。
她的周围是两种类型的男人代表，阿力克代表着野蛮粗俗的恶势力，他狂妄的追求肉欲和金钱，这样的人其恶在于表面，人们有理由憎恨。而安琪儿，正如其名所言，是所谓“天使”的代表，我们毫不怀疑他对苔丝的爱情。但是，无法否认的是，他是一位对女性要求严厉，对自己宽容的伪善道德的化身。阿力克作风下流，利用苔丝的贫穷，假冒母亲的名义骗他去饲养家禽，利用快速赶车吓唬她，占她的便宜;在猎苑趁她精疲力竭时奸污了她;以后又乘人之危利用她一家老小无家可归时霸占了她。尽管他也曾做过“浪子回头”，现身说法狂热地宣扬过福音，但正如哈代所说：“他的阵地其实不堪一击，他那心血来潮式的转变跟理性没有任何关系，那只不过是一个吊儿郎当的人由于母亲的逝世心里难过，在寻求新的刺激时搞出的一种怪花样罢了。”安琪儿忠于自己的思想。他因为怀疑基督教义便毅然放弃了上剑桥读书的机会。他博览群书，有独立的思想。起初他对苔丝的爱具有初恋的纯洁，炽热与真诚，苔丝在他的眼里达到了物质与精神美的极致。可是，就在新婚之夜当纯洁的苔丝向安琪儿讲诉了她的过去之后，一切
班级:2011英语教育姓名：孔秋芬时间：2013-10-9
却突然变了样。苔丝的悲剧也就随之而来了。苔丝遭到阿力克的侮辱，那并不是她的过错。“这样遭受折磨的并不是一个在过去有很多见不得人的风流艳史的成熟女人，而是一个生活单纯不过二十一岁的姑娘还在她不通世事的年代，她就像一只小鸟，陷入了罗网，被人抓住了。”更何况安琪儿他自己也并非白璧无瑕。为什么苔丝可以原谅他一时的放纵，他就不可以理解苔丝的不幸?表面上看，安琪儿比阿力克好上百倍，但他给苔丝带来的伤害却远远超过了阿力克。 三：苔丝悲剧的自身性格因素。
她太过纯洁，太勇敢作自我牺牲了。她的这个性格却不断地给她带来灾难，着真是莫大的讽刺啊!跟自己不爱的人谈情说爱，硬要她娶她，她做不到;跟他鬼混下去，她更做不到。于是便离开。她的逻辑就这么简单。内心就这么纯洁朴素。她也是个传统的男性中心贞操观念的受害者。她被阿力克侮辱后，内心总是怀着一种犯罪感，内疚感，自卑感。一遇到这类问题就畏缩退让，表现得软弱。同时，她心地太过善良，她愿意为了家庭而无私的牺牲自己，当家里面临极度困难时，她竟会选择与无耻的阿力克同居，以换取这个恶棍的帮助。当然这也表明那个时代下的女子的无助和可悲，想要自食其力而不得的悲剧人生。
苔丝这个女性角色，她不同于传统的柔弱的女子。美丽迷人是她的资质，可是她在更深层上来说是一个想凭借自己的双手劳动谋生，追求自己幸福权利的姑娘，可是社会的强权却没有给她这样的机会，在遭受到了诱奸，抛弃的重重打击与伤害后，最终酿成了苔丝的命运悲剧。
参考文献：
《德伯家的苔丝》(英国)托马斯·哈代著 王忠祥 聂珍剑 译长江文艺出版社 《苔丝》(英国)托马斯·哈代著 孙法理译(译序)
《英国小说各家名著译析》上高继海主编
第二篇：苔丝 影评
苔丝:男权主义下的挽歌
小说《苔丝》的扉页是莎士比亚的一句话：可怜你这受伤的名字,我的心是一张床,将给你养息。苔丝啊，德伯家的苔丝啊，看完BBC改编的电影《苔丝》，心里一阵阵难受。四集电视时间很长，很精彩，但是到最后甚是凄凉。
主人公苔丝是古代贵族德伯家的后裔，举止优雅，美丽动人，白璧无瑕，受过良好的教育，但是由于经济上的窘迫，她不得不厚着脸皮去攀亲戚，导致自己的清白被所谓的堂兄玷污。至此，她的悲剧人生正式拉开帷幕，未婚先孕、孩子夭折、爱人离弃、家庭变故，真爱回归，杀人私奔，难逃劫数。苔丝经历了多少生活的不公平，而她自己对生活的完美理想没能阻止她一步一步陷入悲惨的境界。当她把夭折的儿子埋葬在被她形容为并不圣洁的地方时，当她委身于阿历克，而安琪历经千辛万苦来到她面前时，当她迈出步子，走向绞刑架脑海里浮现出多年前在村庄的草地上跳舞的自己时，苔丝也许已经明白了命运对自己无情的主宰和戏弄。
其实并不是神或命运在主宰苔丝，小说或电影自始至终无不显露着男性对女性的支配。无论是阿历克还是安琪，其实都在有意无意地控制苔丝，亦或是里面的其他女性，才会导致苔丝和她周围女性的可悲人生结局。
故事发生在19世纪维多利亚时代，男性他们作为一个强势的社会群体，在哪里都享有支配性的特权，男性的看法决定了什么是纯洁的，什么是值得肯定的，他们善于把这些看作是强权的炫耀。社会习惯用男性的眼光和标准来评价女性，因为整个社会都是在男性控制之下，从而否定了女性的价值，使女性处于从属和次等的社会地位，最后走向毁灭。
一开始，苔丝为了家庭的生计去攀附亲戚德伯家族，而阿历克，这个贵族的阔少，因为贪图苔丝的美貌，以堂兄的身份强行占有了她，就这样毁了苔丝的一切生活，他带来的伤害是巨大的，使苔丝的世界发生了极大的变化，她所有对未来的美好期望在那以后归于沉寂。这是整个故事中男人控制女人最彻底最严重的例子。
之后苔丝遇见了她一生的挚爱安琪。在农场里，四个挤奶女工同时明显或羞怯地表示出了对安琪的爱意，然而当安琪对苔丝示爱时，其他女工却无法接受，更有甚者，像莱蒂在他们结婚那天投河自尽，这种暗恋已经成为了超乎生命的迷恋，完全被感情支配，虽然安琪根本不知道自己会给她们带去这样痛苦的结果，但是这种没有意识的情感控制更加让人觉得残忍。
令我印象最深的是在他们的新婚之夜，苔丝道出了自己心中隐藏多年的秘密，那是她内心最大的伤痛。可是安琪无法说服自己接受她，就那样轻易地抛弃了苔丝。他说他要自己一个人离开，他让她别再去找他。我很想笑，因为我觉得他的做法和那个虚伪的贵族阔少没有本质的区别，他还是介意，此刻的他已经忘记了自己因为年少无知犯的错，已经忘记了他之前的对苔丝所做的种种承诺，只知道苔丝是不纯洁的，根本没有在意苔丝也是受害者，这样的人是值得珍惜的吗?这样的主宰对
于被主宰者来说公平吗?
最开始，我曾想过，为什么苔丝一定要杀了阿历克才能私奔呢，因为她明白如果不杀死对方，
就不足让安琪相信她依旧是爱他的，她爱他有多深.她可以为他杀人.当然这样的举动的确感动了安琪，却伤害了观众的心，我不要看到那么傻的苔丝，像每一个愚蠢的为爱牺牲的女子.如果爱情
需要用死亡来证明其真挚，那么为什么牺牲的总是女子，苔丝死了，她的纯洁还有什么意义呢?
其实这是我最初的极端想法，后来我渐渐明白这一切只是因为安琪对苔丝的爱是畸形地支配着
苔丝，虽然他的爱看上去那样纯洁温柔，但是就像很多人说的那样，他一直以纯洁的乡村女性的标准理想化了苔丝的形象，也以此代替了一个真实生活中的苔丝，也拒绝去更加深刻真实地了解自己的妻子。他总是形容苔丝是完美的女性，是自然的女儿，所以苔丝的个性与过去的经历也被他所压制。其实每个人都有生活中世俗的一面，那才是真实的自己。而作为完美主义的安琪根本无法容忍，他晚上梦游时抱着苔丝，嘴里嘟囔着说他的妻子已经死了，并把她放进一个棺材里。这是可怕怪异的哥特式场景表明了苔丝虽然活着，但是她在安琪心中的女神形象已经被破坏了，致使之后他们的婚姻也随之被毁坏。
但是安琪在巴西的生活让他的世界观人生观道德观发生了改变，所以他回来找苔丝，可是苔丝
已经被阿历克彻底地占有，人生真是讽刺啊。苔丝还是选择了自己深爱的丈夫，向阿历克的权威发起冲击，最终却招致了杀身之祸。苔丝在巨石阵被捕，说明了虽然她杀死了阿历克，挑战了男权社会，但是这只会招致男性对女性更加强大的压制，在那个时代，这种英雄式的人物注定是悲剧。
苔丝不是一个人，她是千千万万在维多利亚时代原本应该生活得幸福却因为男权主义的压迫与
践踏最终受苦毁灭的女子的缩影。
苔丝，这是一个时代，一个女性群体的挽歌。
第三篇：苔丝
《苔丝》读后感
《苔丝》写的就是社会如何把一纯洁、质朴、正直、刻苦、聪明、美丽的农村姑娘逼得走投无路，终于杀人的故事。她以不同的艺术形象成就了一个悲剧，老长老长的故事也因为这个悲剧的成功成为了很老很老的人们心中的疼痛。它的情节用现在的观点看似乎有点老套，但却深刻反映了古老的宗法制农村在资本主义势力侵蚀下瓦解的悲剧。苔丝的失贞主要是亚雷.德伯的责任，她第二次落入亚雷.德伯之手是她的父母、安机.克莱和亚雷.德伯共同的责任，而她终于杀死亚雷.德伯则是一位受尽欺凌的弱者的最后反抗。在苔丝身上，我们自始至终看到的是她纯洁本性对逼迫她的力量的苦苦挣扎。
如果说卡门的美在于野性叛逆，简爱的美在于倔强顽强，那么苔丝的美一定在于纯净自然，她是大自然的女儿。她的纯洁就像蓝天一样，虽然偶而会被乌云遮住，可是当乌云散去，世界上最纯净透明的依然是蓝天。
作为女人，她有迷人的外表。漂亮的脸蛋，和恰到好处的身材。哈代给这个美人加了点色，那就是着重去写了她的唇，她唇上的曲线。说那是任何男人都会为之神魂颠倒。红丽娇艳，如花沾露的唇，本身就是情种，再加之细致分明，乖巧柔美的线条，在顾盼流转间，不动人也难。
苔丝是坚强的，乐观的
，她的命运却不可逆转。即使再多给苔丝几次选择，我相信她最终仍然会走老路，除非安玑克莱没有抛弃她远走他乡。关于社会的悲剧，家庭的悲剧，人性的悲剧已有很多定论，令我感到叹息的只有苔丝和克莱的爱情悲剧。两个人吃尽了苦头，绕了一大圈又回到了原点，只是物是人非，苔丝选择了死亡来成全他们美好的爱情。终究到底是一场空。对于苔丝来说，她承受的苦难远大于克莱，她内心的彷徨无助克莱永远体会不到，如若不是苔丝的善良痴心，不计一切的去爱克莱，他们早已成为陌路人了。受尽苦难的苔丝实际什么都没有得到，受尽了侮辱，却只想到要成全克莱的高尚纯洁，最后只能把克莱拜托给自己的妹妹。在这场爱情当中，克莱是完全的操控着，最后的大赢家，苔丝是完全的牺牲者，纯粹的奉献自我至死方休。克莱表现出来的虽然看上去是维护心中那份对爱情的信念，实际暴露出来的是那份冷酷与自私!他爱的仅仅是自己虚构的一个形象，并非活生生的苔丝。如果不是在异国他乡遭受病痛的折磨事业的失败我相信他不会还记得有个苔丝在泥沼里苦等着他前去营救。
虽然后来克莱尔意识到自己的偏见和狭隘，他的心仿佛看见天上有一颗名叫“苔丝”的星星对他说：“亲爱的，现在你原谅我了么?”
很美的感觉。但是，这终究是一个悲剧，仿佛许多的爱情都是如此。为什么不可以抗拒，抗拒那虚伪的道德!离别......，等待......，彷徨......，后悔...... 虽然苔丝和克莱尔最后度过了五天美好的时光，可是，为爱复仇的苔丝结局依然悲惨。
爱是伟大的，是无私的。如果你深爱一个人，就应该接受她的过去，因为过去也是她的一部分，是她心灵的一部分。如果你不能接受她的过去，就永远无法走进她的内心，她那颗深爱你的心。情到深处是理解，爱到深处是包容，因为爱，可以让我们的心像蓝天大海一样宽广，一样无私。因为爱的温度能溶化一切。因为，爱是我们生活在这个世界上唯一的理由。
第四篇：苔丝书评
Tessofthed’Urbervilles
“Tess of the d’Urbervilles” is regarded as one of Thomas Hardy’s most famous masterpieces in the world. I was deeply impressed by the story:the poor girl girl---Tess Durbeyfields had to work for Alec d’Urbervilles in order to support her family.She was so beautiful that the so-called gentleman seduced her.And form then on,Tess’s life was doomed to be a tragedy.Later she found her true love ---Angel Clare.However,when Tess told him about her misery past soon after their wedding day,the man deserted Tess instead of forgiving her becaused he learned that Tess was not as pure as he thought---she was no more a maiden.Angel went to Brazil alone and asked Tess not to write to him .Tess waited for his return,living in a sorrow.Finally,Alec found her and wanted her to be his woman by all possible means .In order to get rid of him ,Tess had no choice but to murder him.It is such a heartbroken story that I couldn’t help thinking about it for several days.
Tess has a strong sense of responsbility and self respect.Her father was lazy and her mother was blind.She
was exactly the one who devoted herself to the family.I think,as a daughter ,she had done encough.She was also strongwilled and optimistic.There had been much gossip in the small village because of her prengnancy and people in the village looked down on her .However,she managed to recover from all these and decided to begain a new life at a distant dairy farm.
Tess was independent and loyal to love .She refused to get money from either Alec or Angel,she made a living on her own.She worked hard.What’s more,she was honest.She confessed her sufferings to her husband even though her mother told her not to.She did nothing wrong,she was just a little child at that time.
Tess wasbraveencoughto kill Alec—the man who ruined her whole life.She set a good example to the women throughout ages.And she didn’t accept the unfair fate as it was,instead she resisted the tempatation of Alec and she won over the misfortunes in some way.I admire Tess for her attitudes toward life;I also show my profound sympathy for Tess’s miserable fate;I envy Tess for she had the courage to fight against fate.
第五篇：苔丝 读书报告
TESS
100511Daisy(金陈洁)“Justice” was done, and President of the Immortals had ended his sport with Tess. This is a sentence coming from the book TESS, which was written by Thomas Hardy, a British poet and novelist. He has a lot of famous works, such as Far from the Madding Crowd, Desperate Remedies, A Pair of Blue Eyes and so on. Here he put the word “Justice” in quotes was to satirize the judge that was unjust and the society was faulty. From his book, we can see that after the Industrial Revolution, a lot of peasants in Britain went bankrupt and became poorer. What was more, most poor people at that time lead a bad life. By the way, the book TESS was one of the most typical works which could reflect that social background.
Tess Durbeyfield, the leading character in the novel, was a beautiful, naive and kind-hearted girl. However, her fate was very unlucky. Under Alec’s lure approach, the poor girl was pregnant. Unfortunately, her child died and from now on these humiliating events made her be spurned by others. Furthermore, at the evening of her marriage, she was abandoned by her husband, Angel Clare, as a result of her shameful past. Hopelessly, she came back to Alec. Nevertheless, in order to have her own love and happiness, after her husband came back she killed Alec. Finally, although she had a short meeting with Angel Clare, she still was sentenced to death
for her fault.
Tess is really a tragic figure in this book. She was always looking forward to true love and pure kindness; she was laborious and plain; she had a strong will and an enthusiastic heart. However, she till couldn’t escape from the so-called social morality and the social prejudice. Yes, she was worth sympathy. And apart from this, there were still someone should be mentioned. For example, Alec. Nominally，he was a nobleman. But as a matter of fact, his noble family name was just got by money. What’s more, in the help of his family’s money and power, he did many bad things. And Tess was one of the witnesses of his evils. Personally, I think, his result that he ended with death was an inevitable trend. Besides, here we can see one of the typical phenomena of Britain. This is his class structure which we can see from the influence of the family name of the figures.
In addition, there is one person we cannot neglect. He was Angel Clare. To be honest, when I was reading this book, I felt angry with him for he misunderstood Tess and abandoned her at the evening of their marriage. Moreover, what he chose to do after he knew Tess’s past was just escape. When I read here, I just couldn’t control myself criticizing his heartless and sympathizing Tess’s tragic fate. However, when calming down, I viewed him again. I could not deny that when comparing with other rich people, Angel Clare was more polite and well-educated. Besides, he
loved rural life and wanted to find true love rather than wealth. Be that as it may, what he couldn’t get rid of was the traditional moral idea that was deep in his heart, which resulted in Tess’s being not forgiven and
abandoned. In other words, although he was a kind person in a way, he was still on behalf of the benefit of the capitalist class and kept some characteristics of the capitalist class.
As a person, complex feeling may he or she had after reading. First and foremost, one may have a deep impression on the British society at that time, including the sympathy to the poor and the criticism to the high society. What’s more, the class structure, one of the British symbols, was also performed incisively and vividly in this book. For example, Tess went to ask the Durbeyfield for help was just because her father once heard that they were the distance relatives of the Durbeyfield. His father thought they were noblemen as well because they had the same blood as the Durbeyfield. Last but not least, the emotion between Tess and Clare tells us one truth: if we really love someone deeply, just believe your lover and stick to your love. No matter how much money he has or what mistakes he has made before, if he is willing to tell the truth and correct the mistake, that’s enough, isn’t it?
Nothing is perfect and justice cannot be seen from the surface. Just view our society from a clear and dialectical perspective. What’s more, learn to forgive and have a strong-minded will. Then do your best to
achieve it.