英文合同解读

英文合同解读（精选6篇）

篇1：英文合同解读

英文合同解读--(八)英语合同的常用句型

有限责任公司，股份有限公司，外商投资公司 王辉

2009-08-17 分类 作者

发文日期

正文内容:

一、引导条件从句的句型

in the event that(短语为in the event of), in case(短语为in case of), providing(that), provided(that), on the conditions that, if(if and whenever), where, in so far as(insofar as), should, suppose/supposing（that）

在英文合同中，以上这些词常用来引导条件从句表示“如果、假如”等情形，基础英语中常用的“as long as”在英文合同中非常鲜见。

例一：In the event that the Contract Price or any other terms of the Contract changes after the issuance of the Letter of Credit(or Letter of Guarantee)the Owner shall arrange for such Letter to be amended accordingly as soon as possible after any such changes.如果在信用证（或保函）开出后，合同总价或合同其他条款发生变化，业主应尽快安排对信用证（或保函）进行相应的修改。

例二：In case part of or all know?how of the above?mentioned technical contents have been published by Party B or Third Parties A obtains evidence of such publication, then Party A shall no longer be responsible for keeping secret and confidential the part already published.如上述专有技术的一部分或全部已由第三方公布，而甲方也掌握了已公布的证据，则甲方不再承担保密义务。

例三：15% of the above contract price, e.g.US $ 21, 000.00 shall be paid by Party A to Party B by M/T within 30 days after Party A has received from Party B the following technical documentations and documents and providing that they are in conformity with the contract:甲方从乙方处收到以下技术资料和文件后30天内应信汇乙方上述合同总价的15%，也就是21000美元，但该技术资料和文件应符合本合同要求。

例四：Either party may at anytime replace the chairman, deputy chairman or director(s)it has appointed, provided that it gives written notice to the Joint Venture Company and the other party.任何一方可随时更换自己委派的董事长、副董事长或董事，但必须书面通知合资公司和合资的另一方。

需要注意的是，provided that通常语气上有转折的含义，不宜翻译为“假如，如果”；译为“但是”，则译文过渡自然，符合汉语表达的规范。

例五：Should the seller make delivery on time as stipulated in the Contract with the exception of Force Majeure specified in Clause18 to this contract, the Buyer shall agree to postpone the delivery on condition that the Seller agree to pay a penalty which shall be deducted by the paying bank from the payment under negotiation.如果卖方并非因本合同第18条规定的不可抗力事件而未按合同规定的期限交货，那么，只要卖方同意支付罚金，并由付款行从议付款中扣除，买方便同意卖方延期交货。

句中出现两处条件从句，should引导的从句属于非真实条件句，即虚拟语气，表示该条件发生的可能性很小，也就是说是当事人不希望出现的不利情况。而on condition that引导的条件从句，往往表示只要某情况出现，就如何如何。

例六：Notwithstanding the completion of the sale and purchase of theordinary shares in the Company, the terms and conditions of this agreement shall remain in full force and effect as between the parties hereto in so far as the same are not fulfilled.即使买卖公司股普通股已经结束，只要该行为尚未履行完毕，本协议条款对双方仍然完全有效。

例七：In all cases where Licensee desires artwork involving articles which are the subject of this license to be executed, the cost of such artwork and the time for the production thereof shall be borne by Licensee.如果被许可方需要的工艺品涉及本许可将履行的标的，则该工艺品的费用和生产该工艺品的时耗应由被许可方承担。

例八：As an example, suppose that Stamps.com has a partnership agreement with a company called “Internet Marketing”.In this example, “Partner Name” would be “Internet Marketing”.试举一例，如果Stamp.com公司与一家名叫Internet Marketing的公司有一合伙协议。本例中，该“合伙名称”就是“Internet Maketing”。

If and whenever the attorney at law designated by Party B comes to work with Party A, Party A shall offer all sufficient and necessary facilities, arrange the said legal counsel with an office, appoint a company officer to assist legal counsel with his function, provide relevant information and write and print legal draft for such legal counsel.乙方律师到甲方工作时，甲方应充分给予安排，安排法律顾问办公场所，选派干部协助律师工作，提供有关情况，缮写、打印稿件等。

相关链接：in no case, in no event, in the case of，in any case等

in no case和in no event表示“决不”即无论怎样都不行。

例如：Vessel over 20 years of age shall in no event be acceptable to the Buyer.船龄超过20年的，买方概不接受。

In the case of 就什么来说，关于，in any case 无论如何

例如：In the case of dangerous and/or poisonous cargo(es), the Seller is obliged to take care to ensure that the nature and the generally adopted symbol shall be marked conspicuously on each package.关于危险或有毒货物，卖方有义务照管确保其属性安全且应在每一包装上标注通常采用的标识。

二、表示“某物所有权属于某人”的句型

Sth.is(shall remain)the property of sb., the title of sth.shall be vested in sb.英语合同表示“某物所有权属于某人”时，常用到这两个句型。如果用the ownership of sth.belongs to sb.,或者sb.owns/possesses sth.就不够正式，而且possess只指目前属于某人，并不能说明获得的来源，而own只表示“对„„的合法占有”。

例一：Any drawings or technical documents interested for use in the Construction of the Plant or of part thereof and submitted to the Seller by the Buyer prior or subsequent to formation of the Contract remain the exclusive property of the Buyer.本合同订立前后由买方送交卖方用于建筑设备或其部分设备的图纸或技术资料仍为买方的专有财产。

例二：Licensee hereby agrees that at the termination or expiration of this agreement Licensee will be deemed to have assigned, transferred and conveyed to Licensor any rights, equities, good will, titles or other rights in and to the Name which may have been obtained by Licensee or which may have vested in Licensee in pursuance of any endeavors covered hereby, and that Licensee will execute any instruments requested by Licensor to accomplish or confirm the foregoing.被许可方特此同意本协议终止或届满时，被许可方视为向许可方转让被许可方因该名称可能已获得或经努力已拥有的任何权利、权益、商誉、所有权或其他权利，并且被许可方应在许可方的要求下签署任何文件以完成或确认上述转让。

三、It is + p.p that（past participle过去分词）+clause

英文合同在使用被动语态时，有一些常见的特殊句型：

It is agreed that+clause

例一：It is mutually agreed that the certificate of quality and quantity of weight issued by the manufacturer shall be part of the document for payment with the adopted Letter of Credit.双方同意以制造厂出具的品质、数量或重量检验证明书作为有关信用证项下付款的单据之一。

例二：It is expressly agreed that Lessee will not, without obtaining prior written permission of Lessor, assert on its behalf, or on behalf of Lessor, any immunity from taxation based on the tax?exempt status, if any, of the Lessor.双方明确同意承租人未经出租人事先书面同意，不得自行或代表出租人基于出租人的免税身份主张免税，如果出租人有该身份。

It is understood that+clause

例一：It is strictly understood that the Sellers can not be held responsible for non?delivery of delayed delivery of the goods ordered if the situation is caused by Force Majeure, such as war, rebellion, fire, strike, new levies imposed by government, mistakes in telegrams, inability of, or refusal by the manufacturers to fulfill this Contract or any other causes beyond Seller?s control.严格明确卖方对于自己无法控制的不可抗力，如战争、叛乱、火灾、罢工、政府新征税、电报错误、生产厂商无能力或拒绝按合同生产，致使的已定货物不能发货或迟延发货概不负责。

例二：It is understood that the Seller shall not be liable for any discrepancy of the goods shipped due to causes for which the Insurance Company, Shipping Company, other transportation organizations and/or Post Office are liable.双方明确卖方概不承担属保险公司、装运公司或其他运输机构、邮局责任范围内原因所造成已装运货物的瑕疵责任。

It is stressed that+clause

例句：It is essentially stressed that the Buyers are requested to sign and return the duplicate of this Contract within 3 days from the date of receipt.In the event of failure to do this, the Sellers reserve the right to cancel the Contract.必须强调：买方应于收到本合同之日起３天内签字并退还合同的副本，如买方不这样做，卖方保留取消合同的权利。

四、Saving Clause ?

在英文合同中Saving Clause（除外条款, 但书条款）通常有save that句型和save as句型，表示“„„者例外”。

例一：Subject to clause 18.4, each party shall bear its own costs arising out of or in connection with the preparation, negotiation and implementation of this Agreement save that if this Agreement is lawfully rescinded by the Purchaser the Vendors shall pay to the Purchaser its accountancy, legal and other costs and expenses in relation to the investigation of the Company prior to the date hereof and the preparation and negotiation of this Agreement.在遵守第18.4条的条件下，每一方应各自承担其准备、协商和实施本协议所产生的或与之有关的费用，除非如本协议系买方依法解除，则卖方应向买方支付与本协议订立前调查公司以及准备和协商本协议有关的会计、法律和其他花费和支出。

例二：Save as expressly provided herein, this Agreement may be amended or terminated, and any of the terms hereof waived, only by a document in writing specifically referring to this Agreement and executed by the parties hereto or, in the case of a waiver, by the party waiving compliance.除非本协议明确规定，本协议可做修改或终止，本协议任一条款可放弃，仅当通过书面文件特别提及本协议并由本协议双方执行或一方通过弃权声明放弃遵守。?

此外，也常见用provison表示限制条款或但书。

例一：5.6 Legal Proceedings;Injunctions.(a)The Seller, the Buyer and the Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts(subject to the provision in Section 5.6(b))to cooperate with each other in connection with any claim, action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation with any other person which relates to the execution and delivery of this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereunder.法律诉讼；禁止令。（1）卖方、买方和本公司应竭尽全力（除本条第二款的但书规定外）互相配合处理涉及本合同履行与交付及本合同项下预期交易完成的与他方有关的索赔、诉讼、案件、诉讼程式、质询或调查。

例二：Tenant shall not be required to join in any proceedings referred to in the provision at the end of 4.6 hereof unless the provisions of any law, rule or regulation at the time in effect shall require that such proceedings be brought by or in the name of Tenant, in which event Tenant shall join and cooperate in such proceedings or permit the same to be brought in its name, but shall not be liable for the payment of any costs or expenses in connection with any such proceedings, and Landlord shall reimburse Tenant for, and indemnify and hold Tenant harmless from and against, any and all costs or expenses which Tenant may reasonably pay, sustain or incur in connection with any such proceedings.承租人不得被应要求参加本合同第四条第六款最后但书/限制性条款提及的任何诉讼，除非当时生效的法律法规要求该诉讼应由承租人或以承租人名义提起，此种情况下，承租人应参加配合该诉讼或允许该诉讼以其名义提起，但概不承担任何与该诉讼有关的任何费用和花费，业主应偿还并保证赔偿承租人合理支付的因该诉讼产生或遭受的全部费用和花费且确保承租人免于以上责任。

五、As句型

参看本章第一节as的用法

六、Upon sth.英文合同中表达“一经„„，就„„”的含义时，不用基础英语中的as soon as, 而用upon sth.表达。

例如：Upon expiration of such term of contract, the contract shall automatically become void and null.合同一经届满则自动失效。

七、Unless otherwise 和 except(as)otherwise

英文合同中表示“除非另有规定”时，常常用到这两个句型。它们在句中的位置非常灵活，句首、句末或者句中都能看到它们的身影，后接stipulate, provide, require, state, specify等动词或其过去分词。

例一：On the Transfer Date，New Company shall transfer to B, free from any lien or encumbrance created by New Company and without the payment of any compensation, all its right, title to and interest in the infrastructure project, unless otherwise specified in the Agreement or any supplementary agreement.新公司应在转让日向乙方转让其在基础设施项目中的全部权利、所有权和权益，免于新公司创设的任何质押或财产担保，除非本协议另有规定或补充协议。

例二：The arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing Party except otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Institute.仲裁费由败诉方承担，除非仲裁机构另有裁决。

例三：Except as otherwise provided herein, all import permits and licenses and the import duties, customs fees and all taxes levied by any government authority other than the Seller?s country shall be the sole responsibility of the Buyer.除非本协议另有规定，所有进口许可证照和政府机关（不是卖方国家）征收的进口关税和所有税费均应由买方独自承担责任。

八、表示“尽力做某事”的句型

Use all reasonable endeavors(efforts)to do sth., make full endeavors(efforts)to do sth.，exert one?s effort(s)to do sth.，exert oneself to do sth.英文合同中表示“尽力做某事”时，常常用到这几个句型，而不用基础英语中try one?s best to do sth.等句型。

例一：Except as contemplated by this Agreement, from the date hereof through the Closing Date, Mattel shall cause each TLC Subsidiary to use commercially reasonable efforts to conduct its business in the ordinary course in all material respects, and shall use commercially reasonable endeavors to preserve intact its business relationships, keep available the service of its employees and maintain satisfactory relationships with its suppliers and customers.除非本协议预期，从本协议日期到成交日，Mattel公司应促使TLC子公司竭尽全力在所有实质方面按通常程式进行交易。并应尽力来保持其商业关系完整，可获得其员工的服务并与供应商和客户维持良好的关系。

例二：However, both parties shall make efforts to get the ratification within 60(sixty)days.然而，双方应努力在60天内获得批准。

例三：Each of Quotesmith and IIS agrees to exert its commercially reasonable efforts so that IIS can begin providing instant quotes on QIM in as short a time as the capabilities and technologies of each party will allow.Quotesmith和IIS均同意尽其全力使得IIS在各方能力和技术许可的范围内尽快开始向QIM公司提供即时报价。

例四：Promptly following the Effective Time, the shareholders of Tunes who are employed by JAMtv or Merger Sub shall exert their best efforts to cause all employees of Tunes and Merger Sub to execute in favor of Merger Sub proprietary rights agreements substantially similar to JAMtv?s existing employee proprietary rights agreement.生效时间后，被JAMtv公司或Merger Sub公司所聘的Tunes公司股东应立即竭尽全力促使Tunes公司和Merger Sub公司的所有员工执行Merger Sub公司控股权协议，该协议实质上与JAMtv公司现有的员工控股权协议类似。

第三节合同各部分常用例句与用词

(Sample Wording and Sentences in Each Part)

英文合同由标题（Title）、前言(Preamble)、正文(Habendum)、附录(Schedule)及证明部分即结尾词(Attestation)五大部分构成。标题部分由于比较简单，在此就不多述，而附录由于不是所有合同都具备，固定的句式用词很少，现就前言(Preamble)和证明部分即结尾词两个方面介绍如下。

1.前言部分

前言又分为合同方（Parties）和叙述（Recital）两部分，合同方部分主要载明合同当事人的名称或者姓名、国籍、主营业所在地或住所地以及合同签订的日期等内容，通常有两种句型：

一种是完整的句子，以This Contract is made on, 20, by and between ABC Company Ltd.(hereinafter called Party A)and XYZ Company Ltd.(hereinafter called Party B)为代表。

另一种则是由名词主语加动词过去分词构成的短语，如Agreement made thisday of , between(hereinafter called “Licensor”), and(hereinafter called “Licensee”)。

其中，made 后常用entered/concluded into等并列，this后直接接日期，或者用on，后接方式较为灵活，但接日期更为正式。而表达合同各方时还成对出现of /as one part(y), of/as the other part(y), 或是of/as one hand, of/as the other hand。表示“以下简称”时通常用hereinafter called 或是hereinafter referred to as, 甚至有直接把简称写到括弧里的情形。

合同方（Parties）的句式范例：

例一：This Contract made on April 1, 19, at, China, between ABC Co.with its principal office at, China(hereinafter called Party A), and XYZ Co.with its principal office at, USA(hereinafter called Party B).本合同于19年4月1日于中国签订，合同双方为ABC公司（以下简称甲方），其主营业地位于中国，和XYZ公司（以下简称乙方），其主营业地为美国。

例二：This contract is signed on this(date)of(year)in(place)by and between(hereinafter referred to as Party A)and(hereinafter referred to as Party B).本合同由公司（以下简称甲方）与公司（以下简称乙方）于年月日于地签订。

例三：AAA Corporation, Beijing, China(hereinafter referred to as the Buyer)as one party and(hereinafter referred to as the Seller)as the other party agree to authorize their representatives to sign the present Contract under the following terms and conditions...合同一方中国北京AAA公司（以下简称买方）和合同另一方公司（以下简称卖方）同意授权各自代表签署现有合同，条款如下„„

例四：This contract is made by and between the Sellers and the Buyers;Whereby the Sellers agree to sell and the Buyers agree to buy the undermentioned goods according to the terms and conditions stipulated below and overleaf...本合同由买卖双方签订，凭此合同，卖方同意出售、买方同意购买根据下文和背面规定条款的如下货物„„

前言的叙述（Recital）部分，往往由whereas引导的句子（鉴于条款）后，再接now therefore...(最为常见)等结构。

例一：Now therefore, in consideration of the premises and covenants described hereinafter, Party A and Party B agree as follows...由此，以上述各点和以下规定契约为约因，甲乙双方约定如下„„

例二：Now therefore, the parties hereby agree as follows...由此，双方特约定如下„„

例三： Now, Therefore, in consideration of the mutual promises herein contained, it is hereby agreed...由此，以相互本协议包含的承诺为约因，双方特此约定如下„„

例四： Now it is hereby agreed as follows...特此约定如下„„

例五：now, therefore, the parties agree as follows...由此，合同方约定如下„„

例六：It is understood and expressively agreed that...双方确认并明确约定如下„„

2.证明部分，即结尾词(Attestation)

英文合同的该部分，通常表达“双方签字盖章，特此为证”的含义。主要是由in witness where of或者in testimony whereof后接常用的句子。通常有如下形式：

例一：In witness whereof, the parties hereto have caused their respective duly authorized representatives to execute the Agreement on theday ofin the year of.合同双方授权其代表于年月日签订本协议，特此为证。

例二：In witness whereof, the parties have caused this instrument to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.双方确认本协议于上述所具日期起签订生效，特此为证。

例三：in witness whereof, the Parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by their duly authorized representatives as of the day and year set forth below.合同双方确认本协议自以下注明的日期起由其授权代表签字生效，特此为证。

例四：In witness whereof, the parties have executed this agreement at(designate place of execution)the day and year first above written.合同双方于上述日期于地（指定签订地）签订本协议，特此为证。

例五：In testimony whereof, Assignor has caused this Assignment to be executed by its officer(s)thereunto duly authorized.转让方授权其官员签署生效本转让协议。

（出自：英文合同解读--语用、条款及文本范例）

2010 LexisNexis, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc.All rights reserved.

篇2：英文合同解读

有限责任公司，股份有限公司，外商投资公司 王辉

2009-08-17 分类 作者

发文日期

正文内容:

DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT

经 销 协 议

THIS DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT(the “Agreement”)is made on this day of 200, between ABC INC., a Florida Corporation(the

“Company”)located at ×××, Florida 32114 and(the “Distributor”)located at, Beijing.本经销协议(以下简称“协议”),系由ABC公司，位于佛罗里达州某地的公司（以下简称本公司）与(以下简称“经销商”)位于北京某地的公司于200年 月日签订。

合同名称、合同当事双方及签约日期，为下文引用方便，直接在各方的全称后括弧内标注其简称，说明其在合同中的地位。

WITNESSETH

兹证明（可忽略不翻译）

WHEREAS, the Company is the exclusive worldwide distributor of cosmetic and skin?care products(collectively the “BBB Product” or “Products”)manufactured by BBB INTERNATIONAL, INC.a Florida Corporation;and

鉴于本公司是BBB化妆品的全球独家的经销商，所代理的护肤品均由佛罗里达BBB国际公司制造(以下称 “BBB产品”或“产品”)。

WHEREAS, the Company desires to increase the public?s consumption of the BBB Products specified herein within the geographic area described in Exhibit A(the “Territory”);and

鉴于本公司希望经销商在附件1所规定的地理区域内（以下简称“本区域”）提高公众对本合同项下BBB产品的消费额度。

WHEREAS, the Distributor desires to secure the right to market the aforementioned Products in the Territory and such additional territories as may be agreed upon in writing between the Company and Distributor.鉴于经销商希望能得到授权在该区域及与本公司以书面方式协商一致的另外区域对上述产品进行销售。（鉴于条款，说明当事人签约的原由属一般性条款）

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual promises set forth herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties agree as follows:

由此，考虑到双方以上共识和本协议达成的相互承诺及其他对价，双方在此充分接受达成一致，协议如下：

介绍合同背景情况，按英美法传统说明当事人基于对价（valuable consideration）达成合意，约定如下，引出正文条款。

ARTICLE Ⅰ

第一条

APPOINTMENT TO SELL AND DISTRIBUTE

委任销售与分销

Section 1.1 APPOINTMENTS.The Company agrees to sell and the Distributor agrees to buy Products on the terms and conditions contained in this Agreement.The Distributor agrees to sell, distribute and promote the sale of Products throughout the Territory on the terms and conditions contained in this agreement.第一条第一款委任。按本协议条款规定本公司同意售卖，经销商同意购买该产品。经销商同意根据本协议项下条款在本区域出售、分销、促销本产品。

Section 1.2 TERRITORY.Except as provided in Section 11.4 hereunder, the Company agrees not to deliver the Products to any person other than Distributor within the portion of the Territory, provided, however, that the Company shall have the right to ocean?going vessels and to ship Products through or deliver Products within the Exclusive Territory if it knows or reasonably believes that substantially all of such Products are to

be reshipped for eventual delivery outside the Territory.Without the prior written consent of the Company, which in the Company?s sole and absolute discretion may be withheld, Distributor hereby covenants and agrees that it shall not:(i)sell, ship or deliver the Products to or in any place or geographic area located outside the Territory;or(ii)sell Products to any purchaser if Distributor knows or has reason to believe that more than 20% of such Products will eventually be sold through retail outlets located outside the Territory.In the event that sales of Products are made by a distributor in another area and a substantial portion of such Products are shipped by customers of such Distributor into the Territory, or in the event sales of Products are made within the Territory by Distributor and a substantial portion of such Products are shipped by customers into an area outside the Territory in which another distributor has sales rights,(whether or not such shipments take place as the result of a breach hereof), then the Company shall have the right in its discretion(in addition to any other rights and remedies)to make an equitable apportionment of the adjusted gross profits from such sales between the Distributor and any other distributors of the Products purchasing directly from the Company involved in such dispute.Any such apportionment in adjusted gross profits may be determined by the Company acting in its sole discretion exercised in good faith, taking into account such factors as sales effort and expenses in securing the customer?s business, the level of advertising and promotion by the distributor into whose territory the Products are shipped, and the likelihood that the cross?shipments have reduced sales which otherwise would have been made in the territory into which the goods have been shipped.Adjusted gross profits, as used herein, shall mean sales prices, less(I)cost of goods sold,(ii)direct freight, and(iii)direct selling cost.第一条第二款区域划分。除本协议第 11.4规定外, 本公司对经销商所签订的区域实行区域内销售保护，不能在区域内将产品提供给其他人, 但如果本公司知道或者有理由确信,实际上这些产品将最终转运到保护区域外地区，则有权在本保护区域运送本产品。未经本公司的书面同意，本公司有权随时收回该同意，经销商承诺保证同意不得有如下行为：（1）不在/到任何非经销商区域内进行销售、装运、交付本产品；（2）经销商知道或应当知道，20%以上的本产品将最终通过区域外的零售店销售出去，则不得出售给该买方。如果，另一个区域的经销商窜货到本区域或该经销商客户大部分货物窜货到本区域以及本区域内经销商窜货或其客户窜货到别的区域，（无论装运是否构成违约的后果），本公司有权（除了任何其他权利和救济），在直接从本公司购买产品的涉及纠纷的经销商之间调整毛利作出公平分配以避免矛盾。本公司将根据诚实信用的原则独自裁量，考虑经销商的销售业绩、业务花费、广告促销水准以及因为窜货而引起的销售额减少程度等因素来调整这一合理的区域利润分配。调整毛利润意味着调整销售价格，减少(1)销售成本,(2)直接运费,(3)直接销售费用。

委任销售、经销所在区域和许可权等内容是该类协议的特殊条款。

CORPORATE ACCOUNTS

BBB公司账户:

BBB has no interest in supplying accounts in Distributor?s respective territory and will strongly discourage accounts from electing to be supplied directly thru BBB corporate.However, in some rare instances, an existing or new account may elect to be supplied directly by BBB corporate, i.e., an international hotel chain or spa chain.In these rare instances, Distributor would be immediately notified by corporate of any such activity in their respective territory.In this case, Distributor would then be awarded a 20% commission on all sales generated from BBB retail and professional products on placed orders from said BBB corporate account.In exchange for this commission, Distributor would be required to train, educate and support said account.However, BBB corporate would be solely responsible for advertising and co?op advertising incentives, Spa menu design package and event sampling opportunities, etc.BBB公司不会给经销商在各自经销区域提供账户，并强烈反对直接提供通过BBB公司选用账户。然而，在一些特殊情况下，BBB公司也可直接提供账户，如国际宾馆或者水疗连锁。在这些特殊情况下，公司会立刻告知各自区域的经销商该活动。在这种情况下，经销商会获得来自从BBB公司在该账户所产生的BBB零售和专业产品销售额20%的提成。作为提成的交换，经销商需要培训、训练和支持该账户。但BBB公司会独自负责进行广告运作和合作广告激励、Spa项目设计包装和事件抽样机会等。

In the event Distributor elects to refrain from training, educating and supporting said corporate account, Distributor would be awarded a monthly commission of 5% on all sales generated from BBB retail and professional products on placed orders.如果经销商不愿意对该账户进行培训、训练以及支持的话，那么经销商可以每月从总的销售BBB产品的成交订单销售额中得到5%的提成。

这一段说明会计账户。

Section 1.3 OCEAN?GOING VESSELS.Distributor shall not sell Products to ocean?going vessels unless approved in writing from the Company.第一条第三款海运出口。经销商未经本公司书面许可的不得将产品出口。

Section 1.4 Conflicts of Interest.Distributor hereby covenants and agrees that during the initial term and any renewal term hereof neither Distributor nor any Related Person(as hereinafter defined)shall, either directly or indirectly, distribute or sell within the Territory any products

or goods not manufactured or sold by the Company which are or may be in competition with the Products, including(without limitation)skin care products.(The term “Related Person” shall mean:(i)any person who directly or indirectly owns any beneficial interest in or in any manner controls any of the stock of Distributor;(ii)any member of Distributor?s or any such stockholder?s immediate family;and(iii)any person, partnership, corporation or other entity which any of the foregoing individually or collectively control or in which any of the foregoing have any direct or indirect ownership or financial interest.)

第一条第四款利益冲突。经销商特立约同意在初始期间和其后任何续约期间，经销商和任何关联人员(下文中定义的)不得直接或间接在区域内分销或者销售任何不是本公司制造或者销售的或可能产生竞争的产品，包括(但不限于)护肤品。［术语“关联人员”指：(1)任何直接或者间接享有经销商权益或以任何方式拥有经销商股份的人;(2)经销商股东或者任何经销商股东的直系亲属;(3)任何上述独自或共同控制或直接间接拥有所有权或者财产利益的自然人、合伙、公司或者其他实体。］

利益冲突，也就是竞业禁止的约定。

Section 1.5 REMEDIES.Distributor specifically acknowledges that any breach of any of its covenants contained in this Section Ⅰ may cause irreparable harm to the Company and that damages are not an adequate remedy.Distributor therefore agrees that the Company shall be entitled to injunctive or equitable relief to enforce such covenants.(The foregoing shall not be construed to limit in any way the Company?s right to enforce such covenants in any manner or the Company?s rights to injunctive or equitable relief with respect to any other terms of this Agreement.)

第一条第五款救济。经销商明确承认任何违背本条规定的契约的行为可能给本公司带来不可弥补的损害且损害赔偿金不足以救济。因此，经销商同意本公司有权申请禁止令或衡平救济来强制履行该契约。(以上所述并不得解释为以任何方式限制本公司就本协议其他条款用任何手段来强制履行该契约或申请禁止令或衡平救济的权利。)

违约救济的约定，注意普通法救济、衡平法救济的双重救济模式。

Section 1.6 INVALIDITY OF COVENANTS.In the event that any covenant of Distributor set forth in this Section Ⅰ is determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to be unenforceable for any reason, the Distributor hereby agrees to be bound by such lesser restrictions as such court determines are enforceable.第一条第六款契约无效。如本协议第一条规定的任何约定由有管辖权的法院因某种原因裁定无法执行，则经销商在此同意按该法院裁定可执行的较小限制而受约束。

这是契约效力的一般性约定。

Section 1.7 BOND.In any action or proceeding by Company to obtain a temporary restraining order and/or preliminary injunction to enforce these covenant(s), Distributor hereby agrees to waive the necessity of the posting of any injunction bond by Company in order to obtain the temporary restraining order and/or preliminary injunction.In the event that Company?s request for a temporary restraining order and/or motion for preliminary injunction is granted in whole or in part but Company is ultimately unsuccessful in obtaining a permanent injunction to enforce any of these covenant(s), Distributor hereby waives any and all rights it

may have against Company for any injuries or damages, including consequential damages, sustained by Distributor and arising directly or indirectly from the issuance of the temporary restraining order and/or preliminary injunction.第一条第七款担保金。在公司为获得临时限制令和/或初步禁止令以强制执行这些契约的任何诉讼或法律程序中，经销商兹此同意放弃要求公司提供禁令担保金以获得临时限制令和/或初步禁止令。倘若公司临时限制令的要求和/或初步禁止令的动议完全或部分获准，但最终公司未能获得永久禁止令来强制执行这些契约，经销商兹此放弃因发布临时限制令和/或初步禁止令直接或间接导致其遭受的任何损害或损失，包括继发的损害赔偿，而对公司可能拥有的任一和全部权利。

这一段约定经销商保证对临时限制令和/或初步禁止令造成损害赔偿的权利放弃。

ARTICLE Ⅱ

第二条

TERM

协议期间

Section 2.1 DURATION OF AGREEMENT.Unless this Agreement is earlier terminated as provided herein, this Agreement shall be for an initial term beginning on the date hereof and ending, 200.This Agreement shall be renewed for successive one?year terms thereafter unless either party gives written notice of non?renewal at least 30 days prior to the end of the initial term or any renewal then in effect.第二条第一款协议期间。除非根据本协议项下规定本协议提前终止，本协议初始期间将从签订日期开始生效至,200年终止。如任一方未以书面方式在初始期间届满前至少30天通知不再续约，则本协议续展至其后的下一年期间，该续展即时生效。

协议期间的约定包括续约的条件。

ARTICLE Ⅲ

第三条

PRODUCTS AND PRICES

产品和价格

Section 3.1 PRODUCTS.The term “Products” shall include only those products of the Company listed in Exhibit “B”.The Company may, upon fifteen(15)days written notice to the Distributor, cease selling any or all of the Products to Distributor without any liability to Company, provided that the Company does not sell any of such Products to another person or legal entity within the Territory during the term hereof, and that the discontinuance is undertaken in good faith for bona fide business reasons.The Company may add Products to Exhibit “B” from time to time upon such terms and conditions as it deems appropriate.第三条第一款产品。本协议中用语“产品”只包括本公司在附件2 中所列出的产品。本公司可以提前15天书面通知经销商，停止销售任一或者全部产品而不承担任何责任，但本公司不得在本协议期间销售任何该产品给本区域中的其他自然人或者法律实体且该中断是按诚实信用原则基于善意的商业理由。本公司可以在适当时机，根据该条款随时增加产品到附件2。

Section 3.2 PRICES.Company shall strive to maintain reasonable price levels of Products, which shall be determined and established at its sole discretion, taking into consideration such factors as competition and market conditions in Territory as well as the nature and extent of the sales promotion support that Distributor and Company shall each provide.Company shall notify Distributor of any changes in price thirty(30)days in advance of any price changes.第三条第二款价格。本公司应考虑诸如本区域竞争因素、市场情况以及经销商和本公司所提供的促销支援的性质和程度，独自裁量确定价格并且努力维持该产品的合理价格水准。遇有价格变化，本公司应提前30天告知经销商。

Section 3.3 MARKETING AND ADVERTISING MATERIAL.Distributor shall abide by all corporate policies and procedures directly relating to trademarks, product/packaging color guidelines, and image, marketing and advertising materials as defined by the latest revision of Corporate Policies & Procedures Booklet.第三条第三款市场行销和广告宣传材料。经销商应遵守所有最新版的公司制度规程手册中所定义的与商标、产品包装颜色说明、图像、行销广告品有关的公司制度和规程。

Distributor shall pay Company for all marketing and advertising material which the Distributor desires subsequent to the marketing and advertising material furnished Distributor with its initial order.Company will sell marketing and advertising material to distributor at Company?s cost.Distributor shall also pay all shipping charges and a reasonable handling charge for the marketing and advertising material.All translations and printed material in foreign languages are at the sole expense of the Distributor.All “brand?related” design, set?up time and artwork submitted to Company?s graphic department shall be reasonably requested and provided free of charge as follows: proofs provided in PDF format, final artwork provided on CD final art format.Should distributor or distributor?s media sources require final films/matchprints said material will be provided to distributor at Company “Cost” only after distributor approves/signs Job Quote and return to Marketing Department.经销商应支付供给经销商最初订单产品所有市场行销和广告材料的费用以为随后所需，公司将以成本价供给经销商。经销商也应支付该材料所有的运费和合理的装卸费用。所有资料的翻译以及翻译后的印刷的费用由经销商独自承担。

所有提交到本公司策划部与“商标相关的”设计、安装时间、图案,可在以下情形下合理要求免费提供。经销商在以下合理的情况下可以申请免费提供和使用：以PDF文件格式提供的文样,以CD格式提供的最终图案。倘若经销商或者经销商委托的媒体需要原版胶片的，当经销商同意/签收报价并返还给本公司销售部以后，则按照本公司成本价格提供。

Section 3.4 ORDERS.Company shall fill and ship each order of the Distributor within sixty(60)days of receipt of such order, but shall not be liable in any respect for failure to ship or for delays in shipment where such failure or delay shall have been due wholly or in part to fire, strike, differences with workmen, failure to secure materials or energy sources from usual supply outlets, any governmental regulations, orders or controls, or to any cause beyond its control.Any portion of an order remaining unshipped after such sixty(60)days may be cancelled by Distributor upon written notice to Company.第三条第四款订单。本公司应在收到订单后的六十(60)天内海运发货,但是本公司对全部或部分因火灾、罢工、劳工争议、未能从通常的供应管道获得原料或能源、政府法令或管制或任何无法控制的原因导致不能装运或延迟装运概不负责。订单上的任何部分在发出订单六十(60)天之后还不能发货的，经销商可以书面通知本公司予以取消。

Section 3.5 SHIPMENT.Company agrees to ship the Product to Distributor or to any individual or entity that Distributor so directs EXWorks.The cost of such shipment and any charges for demurrage, storage, or otherwise after the arrival of the Product at its destination shall be borne by Distributor.If diversions of shipments are made upon the Distributor?s request, or are made by Company as a result of the Distributor?s failure or refusal for any reason to accept shipments made pursuant to the Distributor?s orders, the Distributor shall pay the additional charges and expenses incident to such diversions, but in no event shall the Distributor pay Company an amount in excess of the charges or expenses incident to returning such shipments to their original shipping points.第三条第五款运输。本公司同意将产品装船运送给经销商或经销商按工厂交货方式指定的任何个人或实体。运输费以及任何由此而发生的延滞费、仓储费或者其他的产品抵达目的地后需要支付的其他费用由经销商承担。如果经销商要求变更卸货地, 或者是经销商的基于某种原因不收或拒收订单货物,则经销商应支付由此而发生的附

加费用和因变更产生的费用,但是经销商概不承担超过运输费用或者返程费用以外的部分。公司有义务协助经销商选择安全快速节约的运输方式。

产品、价格、行销、广告、订单及装运的约定。

ARTICLE Ⅳ

第四条

PERFORMANCE

协议履行

Section 4.1 BEST EFFORTS.Distributor shall use its best efforts to promote and sell the Products throughout the Territory.Such promotion shall include Distributor?s attendance at those trade shows listed on Exhibit “C” attached hereto.Distributor is required to advertise Company?s products in local trade publications and regional consumer publications a minimum of six times per year commencing no later than six months after official Product Launch date.第四条第一款竭尽全力。经销商应该竭尽全力在本区域促销销售该产品。该促销应包括经销商参加本协议附件三所列明的那些展会。经销商必须在该产品正式投放日6个月内以不低于每年6次的频率在与当地的商业出版物和地方消费者出版物发布本公司的产品广告。

Company shall provide use of Company?s International Educator one time per year, provided Distributor is in full compliance with all terms and conditions of this contract.Company shall provide trainer and pay for airline travel.Company shall pay for three(3)training days at the rate of USD 225.00 per day.Distributor shall pay for any additional training days at the rate of USD 225.00 per day, payable in advance upon confirmed travel itinerary, prior to scheduled training.Distributor shall

pay for trainer?s room and board at a minimum “3-Star” hotel as defined in the current Michelin hotel rating manual, and safe transport to and from the airport and daily training site.如经销商完全遵守合同条款，本公司应每年委派一次公司的全球性讲师来培训。公司将提供导师并支付交通费用，并以每天225.00美元支付3天的培训费用。经销商需要支付每天225.00美元以外的其他费用。经销商必须在预定培训前，确定旅程路线后提前支付。经销商应承担讲师的食宿费，至少是Michelin 酒店星级手册定义的三星级以上酒店，以及酒店和机场间以及酒店和培训地间日常安全接送。

Section 4.2 INSPECTION AND REPORTING.Distributor shall permit Company and its representatives at any reasonable time to inspect Distributor?s inventory of Products, and to inspect, audit and make copies of and extracts from all books, records, accounting information and all other papers in the possession of Distributor which relate in any way to this Distribution Agreement.Within ten(10)days after the end of each calendar month, Distributor shall furnish Company with written reports certified as true and correct by Distributor and by Distributor?s president individually in such form as Company may specify(or in the absence of such specification in any reasonable form)containing the following information with respect to the preceding month:

第四条第二款检查和报告。经销商应允许本公司及其代表在任何合理的时间检查经销商销售该产品的明细目录并检查、审计和复制或节录各种账簿、记录、核算资料,以及其他一切与以任何方式与本经销协议经销商所占有的其他文件。在每个日历月结束后10天内，经销商都要向本公司提供由经销商及其董事长个人证实真实正确的书面报告，该报告应按本公司要求的格式(如果没有以合理的格式提供说明)，应包括有关上个月的以下几个方面情况的内容：

(a)beginning and ending inventory of products on hand, itemized by Product line and item;

(b)sale of products during the month and for the year to date;

(c)month?end balance of cash on hand;

(d)month?end report of accounts receivable to include an aged schedule of accounts receivable, specifically identifying any account receivable which may be of doubtful collectability;

(e)a complete monthly listing of each and every sales representative of Distributor, clearly indicating the Territory, or part thereof, for which that representative is responsible and reporting the volume of sales attributable to that representative for the preceding month;and

(f)such other information concerning Distributor or pertinent to this Distribution Agreement as Company may at any time reasonably request.（1)按产品系列和品种列出该月的产品存货数量及产品目录；

(2)本月产品销售额及本年度到当月为止销售额；

(3)月底的现金结存表；

(4)月底应收账款财务报表还包括过期应收账款一览表，特别地确定有疑问的应收账款；

(5)经销商该整月的每个销售代表名单，明确各销售代表负责的区域或区域的部分，报告其在所述区域内上月的销售额；和

(6)本公司可以在随时合理要求的其他与经销商或本经销协议相关的其他资讯。

Section 4.3 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.Within fifteen(15)days after the end of each calendar quarter, Distributor shall submit to Company an unaudited balance sheet and statement of income and retained earnings of Distributor, certified as true and correct by Distributor and by Distributor?s president.Within ninety(90)days after the close of Distributor?s fiscal year, Distributor shall also submit to Company an audited balance sheet and statement of income and retained earnings of Distributor together with the usual and customary notes and schedules related thereto, which financial statements shall be true, correct and complete and shall be accompanied by a report of an independent certified public accounting firm, selected by Distributor but subject to the approval of the Company, to the effect that such firm has examined such financial statements in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards and that, in its

opinion,such financial statements present fairly the financial position of Distributor as of the end of such fiscal year and the results of Distributor?s operations for such fiscal year, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis.第四条第三款财务报表。每季度结束后15天内，经销商应向本公司提交经经销商公司及董事长确认的真实准确的未审计前的资产负债表、收益说明、留存利润。在经销商会计年度结束后90日内，经销商也应向本公司提交经经销商公司及董事长确认的真实准确的审计后的资产负债表、收益说明、留存利润说明以及平时所用票据和相关的一览表, 并应随附独立注册会计师事务所的报告，该会计师事务所由经销商自己选择但是要经过本公司的批准，以便该事务所按一般公认的审计标准审查该财务报表并根据其意见，该财务报表能够公正说明经销商在该年度结束时的财务状况及该年度经销商的经营业绩，符合一贯适用的一般公认的会计原则。

Section 4.4 INSURANCE.The Distributor shall have and maintain at all times, at Distributor?s sole expense, an insurance policy or policies insuring Distributor and the Company against any loss, liability or expense whatsoever as a result of personal injury, death, property damage, and with respect to its inventory of Products, insurance against risk of fire, so called extended coverage, sprinkler leakage, if applicable, and insurance against other risks customarily insured against by companies engaged in business similar to that of Distributor, in such amounts, containing such terms, in such form, for such period, and written by such companies as shall be satisfactory to the Company such insurance to be payable to the Company and to the Distributor as their interest may appear.All policies of insurance shall provide for not less than fifteen(15)days written minimum cancellation notice to the Company and shall list Company as an additional Named Insured.The Distributor shall furnish to the Company certificates or other evidence satisfactory to the Company of compliance with the foregoing insurance provisions within fifteen(15)days from date of request.第四条第四款保险。经销商应自费投保，保单要确保经销商和公司避免遭受无论是由人身伤害、死亡、财产损害、有关产品存货、火灾、通常所说的增加保险范围、喷洒（如果适用），还是与经销商类似商业的公司都有可能遭受到的风险、损失、责任。经销商应该以此类的形式，此类投保额度，包括此类条款由此类公司书就满足本公司要求的保单。该保险在保险利益出现时可付给本公司和经销商。所有的保单应在投保前15天内将书面最低限度删减通知公司，保单应该将公司名称列为附加的被保险人。经销商应在本公司要求后15天内提供本公司上述保险的保险证明书或者满足本公司要求的其他凭证。

Section 4.5 CARE OF INVENTORY.Distributor shall maintain its inventory of Products in first class order and shall follow strictly all reasonable instructions from the Company regarding handling and storage of the Products which includes a policy of first in，firs tout on all sales.Distributor shall not alter in any manner whatsoever the bottles, labels or contents of any of the Products nor shall the Distributor sell or repackage any Products which are damaged without the Company?s prior written consent which may, in the Company?s sole and absolute discretion, be withheld.第四条第五款库存管理。经销商应保持库存秩序良好，严格遵守本公司关于产品装卸、储存的合理指示，包括所有销售的“先进先出”原则。经销商不得以任何方式更改产品瓶型、标签或者内容物，也不得未经公司事先书面同意销售或者重新包装任何残损品。

Section 4.6 PROTECTION OF PRODUCTS.Distributor shall not alter in any manner or form any of the Company?s materials, brochures or Products.第四条第六款产品保护。经销商不得以任何方式或形式更改公司的产品、手册、宣传品。

合同履行的相关约定包括尽责、验收与报告、年度财务报表、保险、库存及产品保护几方面。

ARTICLE Ⅴ

第五条

TERMS OF PAYMENT

支付条款

Section 5.1 TERMS OF PAYMENT BY DISTRIBUTOR.The terms of payment for the Products shall be as stated in Exhibit “D” attached hereto.Unless otherwise agreed in writing, all monies past due shall bear interest at eighteen(18)percent per annum simple interest(except that, during any period in which the balance outstanding exceeds $500,000, such interest rate shall be limited to a maximum of twenty?five(25)percent per annum simple interest calculated for such period, rather than eighteen(18)percent).Notwithstanding the foregoing, the interest rate charged shall in no event exceed the maximum rate permitted by applicable law.It is not the intent of the Company to collect or receive interest in excess of the maximum rate allowable by law, and any interest so paid shall be deemed to be a principal payment and shall be so credited and applied to the indebtedness hereunder.第五条第一款经销商支付条款。产品的支付条款应该在附录4中说明。除非另外签订书面协议，所有到期的未付款应支付年18%单利(除此之外，在

每一个付款期间如果现金超过500,000美元，此利率最高以年25%单利为限

进行计算而不是18%)。纵然如此，利率一概不得超过适用法律允许的最大限额。本公司无意收取超过法律许可最高利率的利息，所付利息应视为本金付款记入贷方账户适用该账户下的负债。

Section 5.2 COSTS OF COLLECTION.If any amounts due from the Distributor to the Company or from the Company to the Distributor hereunder are collected by or through an attorney at law, the collecting party shall be entitled to recover all costs of collection including, but not limited to, court costs, reasonable attorneys? fees and paralegal fees,(including fees on appeals)if any.第五条第二款托收费用。如果任何到期应付款项不论是经销商应付给公司的还是公司应付给经销商的由律师托收，则托收方有权收取托收的全部费用，包括但不限于诉讼费用、合理律师费用和律师助理费用，如果有的话（包括上诉费用）。

支付条款含委托律师收款的费用。

ARTICLE Ⅵ

第六条

TRADEMARK

商标

Section 6.1 OWNERSHIP.The trademark “BBB” is registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office.(Said trademark, together with any and all other trademarks, trade names, designs, signs, emblems, insignia, symbols, slogans and other marks the Company may now possess or may hereafter adopt, acquire or use in connection with the Products shall be collectively referred to herein as the “Trademarks.”)The Trademarks are the exclusive and valuable property of the Company or its affiliates.Nothing herein contained shall be construed as conferring upon the Distributor any right or interest in the Trademarks or their registration, and any use of the Trademarks by the Distributor shall be solely as a licensee of the company.Distributor expressly recognizes and agrees not to contest the Company or its affiliates, ownership of the Trademarks.第六条第一款商标所有权。“BBB”商标在美国商标专利局注册(此商标和任何别的商标、商业名称、设计图案、符号、徽章、标识、口号和其他公司拥有或后来采用、获得、使用与该产品有关的标志本协议统称为该商标)。该商标是本公司或其附属公司专有的有值财产。本协议所含内容不得解释为转让经销商任何该商标或注册的权益，经销商对该商标的任何使用均经获得本公司单独授权许可。经销商明确承认并同意不对本公司或其附属公司的商标所有权提出异议。

Section 6.2 USE OF TRADEMARKS.Distributor may use only such of the Trademarks as the Company may authorize and only in such manner as the Company may authorize, and the decisions of the Company on all matters concerning the Trademarks shall be final and conclusive, and not subject to question by the Distributor.The Distributor shall not take, nor shall he knowingly permit, any action which may in any way prejudice or harm the Trademarks, or the Company?s ownership thereof.The Distributor shall not use, nor shall it authorize any person, partnership, corporation or other entity to use, any of the Trademarks as part of a corporate, business or firm name.The Distributor shall not use the Trademarks in any way which might suggest that the Distributor is an agent, employee, partner or joint venturer of, or otherwise affiliated with, the Company and shall not use any of the Trademarks in any manner so as to suggest that the Distributor is the Company?s authorized distributor for any products of the Company other than the Products as herein defined.第六条第二款商标的使用。经销商使用商标、怎样使用商标以及须经本公司授权。本公司对有关该商标问题的决议为最终决定性的，经销商不得质疑。经销商不得提起或有意允许以任何方式损害或侵害该商标或本公司该商标所有权的诉讼。经销商不得使用或授权任何个人、合伙、公司或其他实体使用该商标或作为公司、企业或商号名称的一部分。经销商不得以任何方式使用该商标来暗示其为本公司的代理人、雇员、合伙人或合作人或其他与本公司的关联，也不得以任何方式使用该商标来暗示其取得了本协议定义外产品本公司的授权。

Section 6.3 OBLIGATIONS UPON TERMINATION.Upon termination of this Agreement, for whatever cause, the Distributor shall abandon at once all use of the Trademarks, and shall not thereafter use in any manner whatsoever any of the Trademarks.第六条第三款协议终止义务。无论是由何原因导致的协议终止，经销商都应立刻终止所有该商标的使用并且从此以后不得以任何方式再使用此商标。

Section 6.4 PROTECTION OF TRADEMARKS.The Company(or its affiliates), shall have sole and exclusive right to protect and defend the Trademarks at its sole cost and expense and shall have the sole and absolute discretion as to how to protect and defend and whether or not to protect and defend the Trademarks.The Company shall not be liable to the Distributor for any loss or damage suffered by the Distributor as a result of the use of the Trademarks, or as a result of any litigation or proceeding involving the Trademarks, or as a result of any failure by the Company to protect or defend the Trademarks.The Distributor shall cooperate fully with the Company, its affiliates in the defense and protection of the Trademarks and shall promptly and fully advise the Company of any use in the Territory of which Distributor has knowledge of any trademark or other mark infringing upon any of the Trademarks.第六条第四款商标的保护。本公司（或其附属公司），是唯一拥有专有权独自承担费用维护和保护商标的实体。有权独立完全决定怎样和是否维护和保护该商标的权利。本公司对由于经销商使用商标、涉及该商标的起诉，以及维护保护商标权不成致使经销商遭受的损失或损害概不承担责任。经销商应密切配合本公司及其附属公司进行该商标的维护和保护并应及时全面通知本公司其发现的任何在该区域侵害该商标权的行为。

商标的约定包括商标所有、商标的合理使用、合同终止不得使用及商标保护。

ARTICLE Ⅶ

第七条

LOCAL LAWS

本地法律

Section 7.1 LOCAL LAWS.The Distributor shall sell and distribute the Products in compliance with all national, state, municipal, local and other governmental laws,decrees, ordinances,rules,orders,regulations and charges.第七条第一款地方法律。经销商一切经销活动必须符合国家、州、市、地方的法规和其他的政府法律、法令、条例、法规、裁令、规章和指示。

守法经销。

ARTICLE Ⅷ

第八条

LOCAL FEES AND TAXES

地方税费

Section 8.1 LOCAL FEES AND TAXES.The Distributor shall, at the Distributor?s own cost and expense obtain all licenses, permits and other authorizations to conduct its business and for shipment to or from the Distributor of Products, equipment, and all other materials required for the selling and distributing of the Products, without any responsibility on the part of the Company with respect to such licenses, permits or authorizations.Distributor also agrees to pay all applicable taxes, licenses, fines and fees relating to Distributor?s business and its purchase and sale of Products hereunder.第八条第一款地方税费。经销商应自行承担为进行经营获得所有许可证照和其他授权的费用，该产品、设备和所有其他经销该产品所需的材料装运的费用，但不承担本公司方有关该许可证照和授权许可的费用。销售商也同意支付与经销商经营和本协议项下该产品买卖有关的适用赋税、许可费用、罚款和费用。

地税承担。

ARTICLE Ⅸ

第九条

LEGAL RELATIONSHIP AND INDEMNIFICATION

法律关系与保证赔偿

Section 9.1 LEGAL RELATIONSHIP AND INDEMNIFICATION.Nothing in this Agreement shall create or be deemed to create any relationship of agency, employment, partnership, or joint venture between the Distributor and the Company.Distributor shall assume full responsibility and liability for, and shall indemnify and hold the Company harmless from, any loss, injury, or damage(including expenses and reasonable attorneys? fees)resulting from, or claimed to result from, any act or omission on the part of the Distributor.第九条第一款法律关系及保证赔偿。本协议不得创设或视为创设了经销商与本公司间任何代理、聘用、合伙或合作的关系。经销商应自行完全承担由于其作为或不作为产生的索赔、损失、伤害或损害（包括花费及合理的律师费）并保证赔偿并使本公司免于该责任。

不形成代理、聘用、合伙、合资法律关系和保证赔偿条款，这是本协议比较典型的规定。

ARTICLE Ⅹ

第十条

ASSIGNMENT

转让

Section 10.1 ASSIGNMENT OF RIGHTS OR OBLIGATIONS.Distributor may not sell, assign, transfer, pledge, lease, license, or in any other way or manner encumber or dispose of any of its rights or obligations hereunder, either in whole or in part, nor shall said rights or obligations pass by operation of law or in any other manner without the prior written

consent of the Company.The Company?s right to withhold such consent shall be absolute and unqualified.If this Agreement is in any way assigned or transferred by the Company or if it is in any way assigned or transferred by the Distributor upon the prior written consent of the Company as aforesaid, then this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the successors and assigns of the parties.第十条第一款权利或义务转让。未经本公司事先书面同意，经销商不得售卖、转让、转移、抵押、租借、许可或以其他方式、手段设定债权或处置其本合同项下权利或义务无论部分或全部，也不得运用法律或其他方式让渡该权利或义务。本公司对该同意的撤回权应是绝对无限制的。如果本协议按上述以某种方式由本公司或经销商出让，则本协议应对该方的继受方和受让方有约束力并适用其利益。

Section 10.2 TRANSFER OF STOCK OR SECURITIES.Neither Distributor nor any other person shall sell, assign, transfer, issue, reissue, pledge or otherwise dispose of or encumber, whether by operation of law or otherwise, without the prior written consent of the Company, which consent in the Company?s absolute and unqualified discretion may be withheld:(i)If Distributor is a partnership, any partnership interest in Distributor;or(ii)if Distributor is a corporation, any or all of the Distributor?s stock, and/or securities with voting rights and/or certificates of indebtedness with voting rights(whether or not such stock, securities or certificates or indebtedness are issued or outstanding at such time)is such transactions either singly or when aggregated with all previous such transactions shall or may causeand members ofimmediate family to own less than fifty?one(51)percent of the outstanding voting stock of the Distributor or have less than fifty?one(51)percent of the effective voting power over the Distributor.Distributor hereby agrees that its stock shall at all times during the terms hereof bear a legend which states that its transferability is subject to the terms hereof.Distributor further warrants and covenants that its stock ownership(or partnership interest as the case may be)is now and shall be as of the effective date hereof.第十条第二款股票和证券的转让。未经本公司事先书面同意，经销商或者其他人不得出让、转移、转让、发行和重新发行、质押或者用其他的方式处置股份或者有价证券，或者在股份和证券上设定债权，无论是否出于法律操作。该同意为本公司完全无限制权利，可在以下情形随时收回：(1)如果经销商的公司是合伙企业，任何合伙利益；(2)如果经销商的公司是一个有限公司，拥有一部分或者全部的股份或有投票权的证券或具有投票权的债券(无论该股票、证券或债券当时已发行在外或发行未售出)的该交易，无论是单独还是与所有先前此种交易结合应该或可能导致以及的直系亲属的成员拥有少于51%的经销商已发行有投票权的股票或者拥有超过经销商少于51%的有效投票权。经销商在此同意其股份在协议期间提供本公司图例表明其根据本协议条款的转让。经销商进一步立契担保其股份的所有权（或合伙权益视情况而定），为本协议生效时其现有的。

合同转让和股份转让条款。

ARTICLE Ⅺ

第十一条

TERMINATION

协议终止

Section 11.1 TERMINATION BY DISTRIBUTOR.Distributor may terminate this Agreement at any time, with or without cause, upon thirty(30)days written notice to the Company.第十一条第一款经销商终止。经销商随时可以终止本协议,无论有无原因,但要提前三十(30)天书面通知本公司。

Section 11.2 TERMINATION BY THE COMPANY.Upon the occurrence of any one or more of the following events, in addition to all other rights and remedies, including the right to damages, the Company shall have

the right, in the Company?s discretion, to terminate this agreement immediately by giving written notice thereof to the Distributor:

第十一条第二款本公司终止。以下任一或更多事件一经产生，除其他权利和救济，包括损害赔偿请求权，本公司应有权决定立即书面通知经销商终止本协议：

(a)Distributor?s failure to pay any amounts due hereunder or under any other agreement between the Company and Distributor at the time such amounts become due.（1）经销商未能支付本协议或本公司与经销商间其他协议项下的应付到期款项。

(b)Distributor?s breach or failure to perform of any other covenant, obligation, warranty, term or condition hereof or Distributor?s failure to adhere to any established written Company policy which is applicable to all or substantially all of the Company?s distributors and which is in its terms mandatory, if Distributor fails to cure any such breach or failure within thirty(30)days after the Company gives written notice thereof to the Distributor, provided that no such notice to cure need be given if the Company has previously given the Distributor notice to cure with respect to a breach of or failure to perform of the same covenant, obligation, warranty, term, condition or policy on at least two previous occasions, whether or not Distributor has in fact cured on such occasions.（2）经销商违背或拒不履行本协议项下的别的契约、义务、担保、条款，或者经销商未能坚持执行已签署的适用于公司所有或大部分经销商的规章制度和其强制性条款，如果经销商在本公司书面通知30天内该事件仍然不能解决, 但如果本公司就至少两次同样的该违约或不履行事件以前发过书面通知要求处理，公司将终止协议，无论前几次是否解决了问题。

(c)The discontinuation, without cause, in whole or in substantial part of distribution of the Products by the Distributor, for any reason whatsoever

(except for normal seasonal variation in the sale of the Products)for a period of more than sixty(60)days.（3）经销商无故中止销售整个或者大部分该产品超过60天的，无论出于何种原因(产品的正常季节性变化除外)。

(d)The insolvency of the Distributor;or assignment by the Distributor for the benefit of creditors;or the filing of a voluntary bankruptcy or reorganization petition by the Distributor;or the failure of the Distributor to vacate an involuntary bankruptcy or reorganization petition filed against the Distributor, within thirty(30)days from the date of such filing;or the failure of the Distributor to vacate the appointment of a receiver or a trustee for Distributor, or for any part or interest of the Distributor?s business, within thirty(30)days from the date of such appointment;or the failure of the Distributor to vacate, set aside, or have dismissed any insolvency proceeding under any law governing, or applicable to the Distributor within thirty(30)days from the date of the commencement of any such proceeding.（4）经销商破产；或经销商为偿债转让；或经销商提出自愿破产请求或者自愿重组，或30天内未能撤销对其的强制性破产或重组请求；从该指定起30天之内，经销商未能撤销其任何业务的部分或权益破产管理人或托管人的指定或从该诉讼程式开始30天内未能根据任何管辖或适用的法律撤销、驳回或解除对经销商的该强制破产程式。

(e)The effective loss by the Distributor of management or control of the Distributor?s business by virtue of any law, decree, order, rule, regulation, ordinance, foreclosure or similar cause and failure to restore such management or control to Distributor within thirty(30)days.（5）由于经销商的管理或者由于法律、法规、政策、规定等类似原因对经销商经营的控制造成销售额的明显减低，并且经销商在30天内无法解决问题，恢复销售额。

由于法律、法令、裁令、条例、规章、规则、没收或类似原因导致经销商明显丧失对其业务管理和控制且未能在30日内恢复管理控制的。

(f)The failure by Distributor to achieve the level of sales for the Products as stated in Exhibit “E” in the Territory, unless such failure is substantially caused by the failure of the Company to supply a sufficient amount of Products with reasonable promptness or by any breach of this Agreement by the Company.（6）经销商未能在其经销区域内达到附件5中规定的销售水平, 除非是实质上由于本公司没有及时提供充足的货源，或者是由于本公司违背本协议。

Section 11.3 RIGHT TO DISCONTINUE SUPPLY.Upon the happening of any one or more of the events specified in Section 11.2 hereof or if the Company reasonably believes that Distributor may not have the financial ability to pay for the Products ordered, then the Company shall also have the right to discontinue supplying the Distributor with Products and other materials for such length of time as the Company may in its sole judgment deem necessary, without terminating this Agreement and without thereby prejudicing the Company?s rights to terminate this Agreement for the same cause or for any one or more other causes.第十一条第三款中止供应权。如果出现一个或多个本条上款中所述情况或者公司有理由确信经销商没有经济能力去支付订单产品的情况下，本公司有权在其认为必要时，在这段时期对经销商停止供货以及其他材料而不终止本协议，并不由此而损害公司以相同事由或其他一种或多种事由终止本协议的权利。

Section 11.4 PARTIAL TERMINATION.If Distributor fails, with respect to any or all of the Products in any or all parts of the Territory, either to perform its duties or covenants hereunder or to achieve the level of sales in Section 11.2(f)hereof, the Company may, instead of terminating this Agreement altogether, sell any or all of such Products to one or more other persons(including but not limited to Distributor?s existing customers), in any or all of such parts of the Territory and, in addition or in the alternative, may withdraw the Distributor?s rights to

sell any or all such Products in any or all such parts of the Territory.第十一条第四款部分终止。如果经销商在部分或者全部所属的区域中经营业绩不佳，未能履行本协议项下义务和约定或未能达到第11.2（f）规定的销售水平,在不终止全部合同的情况下，本公司可将该产品的部分或者全部销售给此等部分或全部区域内的一人或者多人(包括但不限于经销商现有的客户),除此之外或另行选择，可撤销经销商在本区域全部或部分销售的部分或者全部此产品的授权。

Section 11.5 EFFECT OF TERMINATION.Termination or expiration of this Agreement for any reason shall not impair the obligation of the parties to pay any and all amounts payable hereunder at the time such amounts are or become due.Distributor?s sole remedy for Company?s breach of Agreement shall be termination of the Agreement.第十一条第五款终止效力。无论因何导致本协议的终止或届满，均不得减少协议双方偿还应付到期款项的义务。经销商因本公司违约的唯一救济应是终止协议。

Section 11.6 OPTION TO REPURCHASE.Should this Agreement be terminated for any cause whatsoever, the Company shall have the option to purchase from the Distributor, and the Distributor shall, upon the exercise of such option by the Company, sell to the Company, any part or all of the Distributor?s labels, containers, cases, cartons, mixtures, ingredients and Products at the invoice price thereof to the Distributor, less a 40% handling charge and a reasonable allowance for depreciation, deterioration and obsolescence.第十一条第六款优先回购权。倘若本协议无论出于何种原因而终止，本公司应有优先回购权，且本公司一经行使该回购权，经销商应以开单价卖给本公司其标签、集装箱、木箱、纸板箱、合剂、配料、产品的部分或全部。减去40%的装卸费/手续费和合理折旧费、变质、过期的费用。

合同终止条款包括约定终止情形、中止供应、部分终止、终止效力、优先回购。

ARTICLE Ⅻ

第十二条

MISCELLANEOUS

杂项条款

Section 12.1 COSTS OF ENFORCEMENT.In the event that Company initiates legal action(including both trial and appellate proceedings)to enforce its rights hereunder, Company shall recover from the non?prevailing party his or its reasonable litigation expenses(including, but not limited to, reasonable attorney?s fees)of all such proceedings.第十二条第一款强制执行费用。如本公司为了强制执行其本协议项下权利而进行法律诉讼时(包括一审和上诉程式),败诉一方需要偿付本公司所有该诉讼程式合理的诉讼费用（包括但不限于合理的律师费用）

Section 12.2 NOTICES.Any notices required to be given under the terms of this Agreement shall be addressed to the parties at the following addresses, or at such other address designed in writing by the party to receive notice:

第十二条第二款通知。任何在本协议期间所要求的通知均应按合同方的以下地址或者其他接受通知方书面指定的其他地址：

If to Corporation: ABC, Inc.Attn: John Doe, President

Fentress Boulevard

Daytona Beach, FL 32114

致本公司: ABC, Inc.Attn: John Doe, President

Fentress Boulevard

Daytona Beach, FL 32114

If to Distributor:

致经销商:

If to Guarantor(s):

致保证人:

Any party by written notice to the other parties may change the address or the persons to whom notices or copies thereof shall be directed.任何一方变更地址或者变更主要负责人均要通知其他两方人员。

Notices shall be either(1)personally delivered(including delivery by Federal Express or other courier services)to the address set forth above, in which case they shall be deemed delivered on the date of delivery;(2)sent by Western Union Telegram, in which case they shall be deemed delivered on the date Western Union delivers it telephonic communication;(3)sent by certified mail, return receipt requested, in which case they shall be deemed delivered on the date shown on the receipt unless delivery is refused or delayed by the addressee, in which event they shall be deemed delivered on the date of the deposit in the U.S.Mail.Notices or communications to or from a party?s attorney will be deemed to be or from the party.通知应按以下任意方式：(1)亲自传递(包括联邦快递或者其他快递服务)至上列位址，在这种情况下投递当日视为送达；(2)通过西联电报，此种情况西联发出电话传送的日期视为送达；(3)保证邮件寄送，要求回执，此种情况下以回执上显示日期为送达，除非被收信人拒收或延误，则邮件的送达日期被确认为在美国邮局存放的日期。是发给或者由当事人律师发出的通知或者通信视同发给或者由该当事人发出。

Section 12.3 ACCEPTANCE BY TELECOPIER.Either party may demonstrate its execution or acceptance of this Agreement by facsimile transmitted via telecopier showing the transmitting parties? signature thereon.Such a facsimile, once received by the other party, shall bind the transmitting party to the same extent as would delivery of this Agreement(or a counterpart hereof)containing the parties? actual signature.第十二条第三款传真的确认。双方中的任意一方如果要通过发送传真来签署或接受本协议必须有发送传真方在传真件上的亲笔签名。如果一方收到了该传真，应对发传真方具有约束力，视同其送达含有其真实签名的本协议文件(或者是副本)。

Section 12.4 CONSTRUCTION.The parties acknowledged that each party and its counsel have reviewed and revised this Agreement and that the normal rule of construction to the effect that any ambiguities are to be resolved against the drafting party shall not be employed in the interpretation of this Agreement or any amendment or exhibits thereto.第十二条第四款解释。协议方确认各方与各自的辩护律师都可以审查、修订本协议，正常的解释原则以便解决起草方的含糊之处，该含糊不得应用于本协议及其修正或其附件的解释中。

Section 12.5 WAIVER.The failure of either party to this Agreement to object to or to take affirmative action with respect to any conduct of the other which is in violation of the terms of this Agreement shall not be construed as a waiver of the violation or breach, or of any future violation, breach or wrongful conduct.第十二条第五款弃权声明。本协议任一方就任一他方违反本协议条款的行为反对或提起积极的诉讼未成的，不得解释为对违反、违约或任何将来的违反、违约或不正当行为作出弃权。

Section 12.6 ENTIRE AGREEMENT.This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties hereto concerning the subject matter hereof, and supersedes all prior memoranda, correspondence, conversations and negotiations.第十二条第六款完整协议。本协议构成协议各方间就本协议标的的完整协议，取代以前所有的往来信件、谈判、会谈、备忘录。

Section 12.7 MODIFICATIONS.This Agreement cannot be altered or amended except by an instrument in writing signed by both parties.第十二条第七款修正。未经双方签字的书面文件，本协议不能够修改或修正。

Section 12.8 SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE.In the event of a breach or threatened breach by Distributor of any of the provisions of this Agreement, Corporation, in addition to and not in limitation of, any other rights, remedies, or damages available to Company at law or in equity, shall be entitled to a permanent injunction in order to prevent or restrain any such breach.第十二条第八款特别履行。如果经销商违背或者可能违背本协议条款的规定,本公司除外但不限于可按普通法或衡平法获得任何其他权利、救济和损害赔偿金，应有权申请永久禁止令以防止或约束该违约。

Section 12.9 CHOICE OF LAW.This Agreement and the performance hereunder and all suits and special proceedings hereunder shall be construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Florida.第十二条第九款法律的选择。本协议及本协议的履行和本协议下的所有诉讼和特别审判程式均应符合佛罗里达州的法律并按其解释。

Section 12.10 FORUM.All actions under this Agreement shall be taken in a court of competent jurisdiction in Volusia County, Florida and no party shall advance a position that such forum is improper or inconvenient.第十二条第十款受理法院。所有本协议下的诉讼均应在佛罗里达Volusia 县的有管辖权的法院中进行,任何一方不得提出一个位置以认为该法院不合适或不方便。

Section 12.11 INVALID PROVISIONS.The invalidity or unenforceability of a particular provision of this Agreement shall not affect the other provisions hereto, and this Agreement shall be construed in all respects as if such invalid or unenforceable provisions were omitted.第十二条第十一款无效规定。本协议某特殊规定的无效或不可执行不得影响本协议的其他规定，即使删除无效或不可执行的规定，本协议也应被全面解释。

Section 12.12 LEGAL EXPENSES.Each of the parties hereto agrees to bear its or their own expenses relating to the negotiation for and preparation and review of documents leading to, as well as this Agreement, whether or not the transaction contemplated hereby is consummated.第十二条第十二款法律费用。本协议当事人各方同意承担协商有关费用、准备和审查文件的费用以及本协议相关费用, 无论最终预期交易是否完成。

Section 12.13 HEADINGS AND TERMINOLOGY.The headings used in this Agreement are inserted for convenience of reference only and are not intended to be part of or to affect the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement.The specific terms that are defined in various provisions of this Agreement shall apply throughout this Agreement(including, without limitation, each exhibit hereto unless expressly indicated otherwise).第十二条第十三款标题和术语。本协议中的标题只为提及的方便无意成为本协议的部分或影响本协议的意义或解释。本协议在各种不同条款中定义的特殊术语适用于整个协议(包括但不限于,每个附件除非另有指示)。

Section 12.14 COUNTERPARTS.This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, and each executed copy shall constitute an original instrument, but such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.第十二条第十四款协议副本。本协议签署若干副本，每一经签署的副本构成原始的文件，但所有该副本应一起构成同一文件。

Section 12.15 CONFIDENTIALITY.The terms and conditions of this Agreement are to be held in strictest confidence and are not to be disclosed by the Representative to any third party other than appropriate Company personnel.第十二条第十五款保密条款。本协议的条款必须严格保密，不得由销售代表向任何第三者披露，除了本公司合适人员外。

Section 12.16 LIMITATIONS.The word “including” in this Agreement, when followed with a listing, shall mean including, without limitation.第十二条第十六款限制。本协议的“包括”这个词,当后面跟有清单时,将意味包括,没有限制。

杂项条款涉及申请执行费用、通知条款、传真确认、保密条款、副本、合同解释、弃权声明、完整协议、合同修改、特别履行、法律选择、管辖法院、无效规定、标题和术语解释及限制条款。

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Agreement on the date first above mentioned by their representatives, who personally attest that they are duly authorized to enter into this Agreement.本协议由各方代表于上述日期签字盖章生效，各代表证明其系经正式授权签署本协议，特此为证。

WITNESSES：COMPANY：

ABC，INC.BY:

Its President

DISTRIBUTOR:

BY:

Its President

见证人:公司:

ABC公司

签约人:

董事长

经销商:

签约人:

董事长

结尾即证明部分,双方由授权代表签约,特此为证。

EXHIBITS

附件（略）

（出自：英文合同解读--语用、条款及文本范例）

篇3：英文合同解读

them powerfully dramatizes the conditions of urban life—specifically, the hardscrabble existence of an impoverished working class—and also stands as Oates’s most thorough portrayal of Detroit, which she has call“the quintessential American city.”In them, Oates remarks that“all of Detroit is melodrama, and most lives in Detroit fated to be melodramatic.”Although some reviewers criticized the novel for its many sensational and violent episodes, Oates insisted in her“Author’s Note”that she had actually toned down the reality of inner-city Detroit:“Nothing in the novel has been exaggerated in order to increase the possibility of drama—indeed, the various sordid and shocking events o slum life, detailed in other naturalistic works, have been understated here, mainly because of my fear that too much reality would become unbearable.”[1]

1 A General Overview of Psychological Realism

Psychological realism is a writing principle that combines reality with psychology, material with spirit, and the individual with society.It is a way of interpreting reality through a character’s psychological perception and observation.In addition, perception and observation bridge the gap between the psychology and the reality.The character’s psychological world is within an externally ordinary world, and psychological states can cast intense feelings on the outside world and re-establish an objective world.

Psychological realists put emphasis on showing rather than telling.Instead of summarizing an event, they bring the readers into the event as if the readers were watching it in a movie or on stage, which is associated with James’s self-containment.The author does not have to intend to explain or make something happen.It is as if the reader were right there watching what is going on.

Psychological realism presents moral visions.The author does have a purpose for presenting an objective account of real life.Often a moral sense resides in the author’s purpose.Psychological realists are ethical writers, who are fond of talking about the problems of the individual conscience in conflict with social institutions.Generally, these writers show how an individual’s conscience wins when it opposes social conventions and social practices.This indicates their suspicion from romantic individualism.

2 Individuals and Society

them opens with an announcement of violence:one day the teenage Loretta Botsford brings her young lovers to her bed and is awakened the next morning by the sound of her brother shooting the man on head.As a result, Loretta’s youth is over.Oates seriously portrayed and totally, vividly described Loretta.Loretta exhibited a traditional and enduring literary image of a woman perfectly.She is not only patient, submissive, good-natured, but talkative as well.Men around Loretta are such deadly creatures that they dominate her life so easily and smoothly.According to Loretta’s inner monologue, her mother has gone crazy and died because of her father.Loretta represents an era and a victim of social force conducted by men.Her character and personality are taken shape by the family and social environment she lived in.She has become numb because of being teased frequently and habitually.When she is only sixteen years old, she has already realized the fact that“Children were teased, especially girls;it was inescapable”.[2]Her personality is deeply influenced by these profound feelings and thoughts originating from the past several years’unhappy experience in her family:she was obliged to bear conscious or perhaps unconscious ridicules from her grandfather, father, and even some mischievous kids in streets“she was used to (being teased and ridiculed) anyway...”.[3]Loretta has been treating by continuous teasing and injustice treatment.At last, irrationality gradually turns into rationality and women gradually turns into those what men demand.Loretta loses heart to live a happy and harmonious life, and makes efforts to escape from the family, even the social reality ultimately because of being influenced deeply in her mind.

These familiar and social factors lead to Loretta’s unhappy and miserable life, it is clear that Oates offers the answer to the question of what life contemporary women live in the society.Her view of women’s lives is certainly a bleak one, like Loretta and Wendall’s, reflecting the women’s apathy towards family even society.

Maureen, Loretta’s second-born after her favorite child Jules, is a strangely diligent daughter.Maureen’s fate is her wil to escape the shabbiness of her life.Her career as a prostitute ends when her stepfather discovers her cache of money and beats her severely.When Maureen’s stepfather discovers her money and he knows immediately how she got it, he almost kills her The attack puts her in a comatose condition that lasts thirteen months, a period in which all she does it grow fat, one of the Oatesian woman’s bizarre responses to her disgust with men and with her life in general.Unlike Jules, who lashes out in his frustration, Maureen, the“good girl, ”turns her miseries in upon herself, giving up the struggle and assimilating death in her catatonic condition.She is not obsessed with an irrational fear.She simply knows what can happen and is understandably afraid.Maureen is the victim of the family even the society, she is incapable of getting happiness from her family, which urges her to get money by prostitution.Her stepfather’s hard beating, her clients’impassive intercourse, and her fear for the apathetic family make her feels hostile to her family even the society she lived in.

Jules is believable as a young man, enduring some of the same agonies that Maureen endures, but endowed, because he is a boy, with better opportunities to escape their common fate.The most likeable one of them is Jules, whose freedom of movement and capacity for romanticizing his love affairs is pleasant contrast to Maureen’s sense of entrapment.Jules is every bit as desperate as Maureen, and he comes to lead a more disastrous life than hers.But his is at least enlivened by greater energy and choice A comparison of this brother and sister make the particular fears and responses of a woman more noticeable.The differences between them could be merely the quirks of two personalities, but too much arises from their roles as man and woman to ignore The unsuccessful love with Nadine and his personality of pursuing freedom enable Jules escape from his fixed and passionless familial life and the society to quest for the success and freedom he has been dreaming.His sense of value and self-identity only can be realized by his alienation and escape from the real life.

3 Social Reality and Psychology

In the 20th century, women’s movement does not meet the needs of society and women’s voices.In 1920’s and 1930’s, a lot of American women began to take action and devote their great energy and determination to control their own fate.Their self-consciousness and self-identity were awakening during this women’s movement.After the Depression of the 1930s and the Second World War, America went through a radical change American people lived in a relatively steady social environment and wealthy material life and American people began to enjoy a comfortable family life.Therefore, facing a new challenge for women, they were demanded to return home and they no longer need to seek their fortune in society.“Returning Home”became a social trend at that time.Women sacrificed their talent, youth and ambition to meet various needs of male-oriented society.

Women described by Oates, whether physical or mental is surrounded by violence and hurt by violence.They struggled, resisted and wanted to fight for their own piece of blue sky.However, we sadly find that the women in Oates’s novels are so helpless that they simply can not get rid of violence.Love, money can not save them from the violence.

Perhaps women are not inherently weak, but the male-centered patriarchal society does not give women more living space Oates describes violence, not only for so much violence itself, but to perceive the living condition of women in American society and reveal the hidden violence against women under the sorrow and helplessness.In exploring and reflecting women’s confusion and sadness, Oates noticed the persecution of women under the male-centered ideology, and also dug their own weakness of women in contributing to women’s role in the tragedy.

4 Conclusion

Literature has always been a sensitive, responsive medium creating and reflecting the attitudes and values of society.By means of psychological description, Oates showed us Maureen’s dreams, probed into her inner world, so as to give the reader a panoramic picture of Maureen’s whole life.Not come in singly but in pairs, Jules’s contradictory personality is displayed vividly and thoroughly through the psychological description.In this novel, the characters constantly pursue their ideal life in their particular way, nevertheless, their dreams become unreal and indistinct due to the torture of life.No more than a deep and exquisite psychological description could revel the internal transmutation of the characters.With the proficient writing technique and sympathetic tone, Oates described the unbearable life and miserable destiny of lower-class people, displayed the authentic social life from 1930s to 1960s in America, reveled the violence, contradictions, decadence, evil, etc—the another side of America, which

参考文献

[1] Oates, Joyce Carol. them[M]. New York: Vanguard Press, 1969.

[2] Grant, Mary Kathryn.The Tragic Vision of Joyce Carol Oates [M].Duck University Press, 1978.

[3] Kazin, Alfred. Bright Book of Life[M]. New York: Dell Pub, Co., 1973.

[4] Parini, Jay.Conversations with Joyce Carol Oates, [M]. Lee Milazzo.Jackson and London: University Press of Mississippi, 1989.

篇4：英文解读“奶粉门”

三鹿奶粉被爆含有三聚氰胺之后，全国一片哗然。作为著名品牌，三鹿集团应对这场公关危机的方式备受抨击。造成数千名婴幼儿患病的“奶粉门”不仅使三鹿集团本身面临倾覆，也使国产奶粉集体面临尴尬，更使整个民族乳业陷入前所未有的信任危机。伊利、蒙牛等著名品牌也“榜上有名”，随后国家质检总局废止了存在八年之久的免检制度。三鹿“奶粉门”可谓国产奶粉之殇，对中国整个乳制品行业产生重大影响。而“奶粉门”也引起了国外媒体的广泛关注，中国食品安全再次陷入一片质疑声。

•奶粉 Milk powder/Powdered milk

此外，“婴幼儿配方奶粉”的英语表达是baby formula/infant formula，指an artificial substitute for human breast milk, designed for infant consumption，能够替代母乳为婴儿生长与发育提供所需营养的一种人工食品；formula此处指a special nutritive mixture, esp. of milk, sugar, and water, in prescribed proportions for feeding a baby，为婴幼儿配制的特殊营养物质。

例：The dairy company at the heart of the scandal, Sanlu Group Co., is one of China's biggest producers of powdered milk.

丑闻中处于风口浪尖的三鹿集团是中国最大的奶粉生产商之一。

【延伸】平常所说的milk，是“牛奶”的统称，牛奶还可细分，如全脂奶、脱脂奶等，跟牛奶相关的产品称作乳制品。

•乳制品 Dairy product/Milk product

Dairy还可表示“牛奶场、乳品店”； 此外，dairying，乳制品业；dairy cattle /milk cows，奶牛；dairy maid，牛奶场女工；dairy man，牛奶场主、牛奶场男工、奶品商等。

例：Dairy products are the best source of calcium.

奶制品中钙含量丰富，是补钙的好来源。

•污染乳、异味乳Tainted milk

例：China's chief quality supervisor resigned Monday in response to the tainted-milk scandal that has killed four infants, sickened nearly 6,300 and highlighted China's difficulties in overhauling its food safety system.

周一中国质监总局局长引咎辞职，此次“毒奶粉”事件造成四名婴儿死亡，六千多名患病，同时凸显了中国在改革食品安全体系方面的重重困难。

•全脂牛奶 Whole milk

•低脂牛奶 Low-fat milk

•脱脂牛奶 Skimmed milk/Fat-free milk

例：Most grocery stores and dairies stock skimmed milk, along with low-fat and whole milk products. For people who are concerned about the amount of fat in their diets, skimmed milk is an excellent alternative to whole milk, although some people do not enjoy the flavor.

大多数杂货店和乳品店都出售脱脂牛奶，还有低脂和全脂牛奶产品。对于那些关心脂肪摄入量的人来说脱脂牛奶是全脂牛奶的完美替代品，虽然有些人觉得脱脂牛奶的味道不怎么样。

•液态奶 Liquid milk

例：Tests show that 10% of the liquid milk supply has been contaminated with melamine, the chemical that has killed four infants and left thousands more ill.

有10％的液态奶已被检出含有三聚氰胺，该化学物质已导致4名婴儿死亡，另有上千名婴幼儿致病。

注：三聚氰胺（melamine）是一种低毒的化学物质，多用于生产塑料和肥料。由于其性纯白色、无味，掺杂进食物不易发现，因此常为造假者利用，通过三聚氰胺“增加”产品的蛋白质含量。长期摄入三聚氰胺可能对肾与膀胱产生影响，导致产生结石。目前患肾结石（kidney stones）的婴幼儿，主要是由于食用了含有大量三聚氰胺的三鹿牌婴幼儿配方奶粉引起的。

•酸奶 Yogurt/Yoghurt

酸奶一般指用乳酸杆菌（lactobacillus）发酵的奶。乳酸菌是一种存在于人体内的益生菌，能够帮助消化，有助人体肠脏的健康，常添加在酸奶之内。

例：Eating yogurt and other foods laden with lactic acid may keep your gums from receding and teeth from falling out, Japanese researchers report.

日本研究人员称，吃酸奶等富含乳酸的食物能防止牙龈萎缩和牙齿脱落。

•奶油 Cream

•奶油蛋糕为cream cake

•冰激凌为ice cream

例：Cream is a dairy product that is composed of the higher-butterfat layer skimmed from the top of milk before homogenization.

奶油是一种乳制品，提取自牛奶均化前第一层含脂量较高的部分。

•奶酪 Cheese

例：When we strain milk through this thin cloth overnight, it makes excellent cheese.

如果将牛奶摊在薄布上脱整夜的水分，可以制出优质的奶酪。

•炼乳 Condensed milk/Concentrated milk

例：Condensed milk, also known as sweetened condensed milk, is cow's milk from which water has been removed and to which sugar has been added, yielding a very thick, sweet product that can last for years without refrigeration if unopened.

炼乳，也称甜炼乳，是将牛奶进行脱水，加入糖，然后产生的一种浓稠的甜乳品，包装良好的情况下可长期储存。

•奶昔 Milkshake

例：I'll have a cheese burger, french fries and a large chocolate milkshake, please.

我想要一个芝士汉堡包、一包薯条和一大杯巧克力奶昔。

活学活用

注：“奶粉门”让每个中国妈妈都提心吊胆，但我们也可以趁这一热点话题，学习一些相关的日常英语。

【场景】购买奶粉

Mother: Excuse me, has this milk powder been inspected and certified?

妈妈：请问这个牌子的奶粉经过检验了吗？

Saleswoman: Yes, this brand is imported, so there's no chance it contains melamine. You don't need to worry.

售货员：是的，这是进口奶粉，目前还没有发现这个牌子的奶粉中含有三聚氰胺，您放心吧。

Mother: Thanks. It's a little expensive, though. It'll be great when the domestic brands are properly certified. Otherwise, I can't afford the expense.

妈妈：谢谢，可是有点贵。国产奶粉要有放心的就好了，否则常此下去，我可承担不起。

Saleswoman: There are certified and inspected domestic brands, like this one. Besides, after this scandal, local milk powder should be ok.

售货员：也有检测合格的国产奶粉，比如这个牌子。另外，过了这段时间，以后批次的国产奶粉应该都没问题了。

Mother: That's right. Next time I must check the production date to see that it's after October, and definitely no Sanlu. It's awful. Thanks for the advice.

妈妈：也对，以后买奶粉一定要看一下生产日期是不是10月以后的。另外，坚决不买三鹿奶粉。太可恶了。谢谢您的提醒。

Saleswoman: You're welcome. Hope your baby's well. Here's your stuff, look forward to seeing you again.

售货员：不客气。祝您的宝宝健康，拿好您的东西，再见。

Note

篇5：展会邀请函格式英文解读

英文商务展会邀请函范本 dear sirs/madam: we’re one of the manufacturers specialized in sanitaryware, concluding one & two piece toilet, wash basin, cabinet basin, pedestal basin, bidet,urinal, counter basin , decorated ceramics and so on.our new models offer superb design and their new features give them distinct advantages over similar products from other manufacturers.it would be a great pleasure to meet you at the exhibition.we exhibition center : the continental exhibition center booth number : g-k105 g-k-106 date : apr xxth to xxth xxxx best regards mr.xxx general manager篇二：英文版展会邀请函格式 篇三：展会英文邀请函范文 letter of invitation dear sirs/madam: we’re one of the manufacturers specialized in sanitaryware, concluding one & two piece toilet, wash basin, cabinet basin, pedestal basin, bidet, urinal, counter basin , decorated ceramics and so on.our new models offer superb design and their new features give them distinct advantages over similar products from other manufacturers.exhibition center : the continental exhibition center booth number : g-k105 g-k-106 date : apr 15th to 20th 2006 best regards mr.su jia jian general manager [回复2]：the continental centre is a magnificent trade fair venue in pazhou.you can reach us easily by any of the following 4 ways:

cacfair address in chinese: [回复3]：看来广交会来了，还真是很多人要这发邀请函，我公司的格式如下： dear xxx, we treasure every opportunity to meet with you, our valued customer.from 28 april-1 may 2006, we will be exhibiting at the hong kong gifts & premium fair 2006.we cordially invite you to visit our booth.our booth number is 3d11 in hall 3.you may click here to find our location.基本上就是这个格式了，当然你完全可以把它弄得漂亮些。

篇6：英文合同(中英文)

Date:ContractNo.:

买方：(TheBuyers)卖方：(TheSellers)兹经买卖双方同意按照以下条款由买方购进，卖方售出以下商品：

ThiscontractismadebyandbetweentheBuyersandtheSellerwherebytheBuyersagreetobuyandtheSellersagreetoselltheunder-mentionedgoodssubjecttothetermsandconditioasstipulatedhereinafter:

(1)商

品名称:

NameofCommodity：

(2)数量：

Quantity:

(3)单价：

Unitprice:

(4)总值：

TotalValue:

(5)包装：

Packing:

(6)生产国别：

CountryofOrigin:

(7)支付条款：

TermsofPayment:

(8)保险：

iurance:

(9)装运期限：

TimeofShipment:

(10)起运港：

PortofLading:

(11)目的港：

PortofDestination:

(12)索赔：在货到目的口岸45天内如发现货物品质，规格和数量与合同不附，除属保险公司或船方

责任外，买方有权凭中国商检出具的检验证书或有关文件向卖方索赔换货或赔款。

Claims:

Within45daysafterthearrivalofthegoodsatthedestination,shouldthequality,ecificatioorquantitybefoundnotinconformitywiththestipulatioofthecontractexceptthoseclaimsforwhichtheiurancecompanyortheownersoftheveelareliable,theBuyersshall,havetherightonthestrengthoftheiectioncertificateiuedbytheC.C.I.CandtherelativedocumentstoclaimforcompeationtotheSellers

(13)不可抗力：由于人力不可抗力的原由发生在制造，装载或运输的过程中导致卖方延期交货或不

能交货者，卖方可免除责任,在不可抗力发生后，卖方须立即电告买方及在14天内以

空邮方式向买方提供事故发生的证明文件，在上述情况下，卖方仍须负责采取措施尽

快发货。

ForceMajeure:

Thesellersshallnotbeheldreoibleforthedelayinshipmentornon-deli-veryofthegoodsduetoForceMajeure,whichmightoccurduringtheproceofmanufacturingorinthecourseofloadingortrait.ThesellersshalladvisetheBuyersimmediatelyoftheoccurrencementionedabovethewithinfourteendaysthereafter.theSellersshallsendbyairmailtotheBuyersfortheiracceptanceacertificateoftheaccident.UndersuchcircumstancestheSellers,however,arestillundertheobligationtotakeallnecearymeasurestohastenthedeliveryofthegoods.(14）仲裁：凡有关执行合同所发生的一切争议应通过友好协商解决，如协商不能解决，则将分歧提

交中国国际贸易促进委员会按有关仲裁程序进行仲裁，仲裁将是终局的，双方均受其约

束，仲裁费用由败诉方承担。

Arbitration:

AlldiutesincoectionwiththeexecutionofthisContractshallbesettledfriendlythroughnegotiation.incasenosettlementcanbereached,thecasethenmaybesubmittedforarbitrationtotheArbitrationCommiionoftheChinaCouncilforthePromotionofInternationalTradeinaccordancewiththeProvisionalRulesofProcedurepromulgatedbythesaidArbitrationCommiion.theArbitrationcommitteeshallbefinalandbindinguponbothparties.andtheArbitrationf

eeshallbebornebythelosingparties.买方：卖方:

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