初中英语主谓一致小结

2024-05-14

初中英语主谓一致小结（通用6篇）

篇1：初中英语主谓一致小结

初中英语语法主谓一致

一、主谓一致：主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。

语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。

例如：Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。 They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。

2. 意义一致原则：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。例如： My family are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。 Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书 20 美元太贵了。

3. 就近一致原则：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。

例如： Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。 There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。

二、主谓一致常考题型：

1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词做主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)做主语，谓语用复数形式。

2. many a+单数名词做主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。例如： Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。

3. more than one+单数名词做主语，谓语用单数。

例如： More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。

4. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语做主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。

例如： Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。

Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. 2 0 英镑并不太重。

Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 1 0 英里并不是一段很长的距离。 Five minus four is one. 5 减 4 等于 1。

5. 主语是 each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。

例如： Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。

Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。

6. one and a half+复数名词做主语，谓语动词用单数形式。

例如： One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。

7. 动词不定式，动名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

例如：To see is to believe 眼见为实。

Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。

8. a/an+单数名词+or two 做主语，谓语动词用单数。

例如：A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。

9. 当主语部分含有 with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like 等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

例如： Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。

Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。

10. 由 and 连接的两个单数名词做主语时，一般用复数形式，但 and 所连接的并列主语是同一个人、事物或概念时，谓语动词用单数。

这两种情况区分如下： a/the+单数名词+and+ 单数名词，指的是同一个人或物; a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。

例如：The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)

The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)

11. people, police 等集体名词做主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family, class, group, team 等集体名词做主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。

例如：People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。

His family isn’t large. 他家的人不多。

My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。

12. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, nobody, everything, no one, nothing 做主语，谓语动词用单数，

例如：Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗?

Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。

Nobody was in. 没有人在家。

13. each, either, neither, another, the other 做主语，谓语动词用单数。

例如：Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。

Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确。

14. 以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如 news, maths, physics 等，

例如： No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。

No Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。

15. 由 both„and„ 连接两个单数名词做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式; 由 or, either„or„，neither„nor„,not only„but also„,not„but„,连接两个名词或代词做主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。

例如： Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.

Not only you but also he is ready to leave.

如果either, each, neither作主语，则动词为单数形式。

初中英语选择题技巧

1、结合语境

结合近几年全国各省市中考英语试题来看，单选题的命题方向越来越注重语境的考查。这类题的特点是，所给的四个选项填入空里，都没有语法错误，所以，同学们只有通过具体的语境分析，才能选择正确答案。

2、情景交际

英语是一门语言学习的学科，学习的目的在于英语。由此，情景交际也就很自然的成为单项选择题的热点。现在的中考单选题“语境与情景”是命题者命题的主要指导思想。所以，同学们在解答这类题的时候一定要在具体的情景下使用正确合适的应答。

3、习惯搭配

单选题经常会考查一些固定短语、固定结构和习惯用法等。对于这类题，就需要同学们在平时的学习中注意积累这方面的知识点，遇到这类题，在理解句子意思的基础上，根据习惯搭配就可以直接选择答案。习惯搭配是解答单选题的捷径。

4、找关键词

有的单选题，在题干中会有一些有利于我们解题的关键词，抓住这些关键词会使我们的问题迎刃而解。这些关键词是我们解题的突破口。

5、分析近义词

在英语的选择题中，会有很多近义词辨析这样的题。这对于同学们来说是很容易丢分的题。做这类题，需要大家学会区别它们的用法，学会分析。：

6、生活常识

有的时候在单选题中会出现一些关于政治、历史、地理、风俗习惯、科技等一些常识的考题。在解这类题的时候，我们就需要借助生活经验以及相关的学科知识来进行推理。

本次整理就到这里啦，祝大家在考试中能金榜题名!

篇2：初中英语主谓一致小结

主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致

1.单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。

例如： The desk is Tom’s.这张桌子是汤姆的。Some water is in the bottle.一些水在瓶子里。

The students are playing football on the playground.这些学生正在操场上踢足球。2.many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。例如： Many a student has been to Shanghai.许多学生到过上海。3.more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。

例如： More than one student has ever been to Beijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京。4.表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。

例如： Two months is a long holiday.两个月是一个长假。

Tweney pounds isn’t so heavy.2 0英镑并不太重。

5.主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。

例如： Each boy and each girl has got a seat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。Every man and every woman is at work.每个男人和女人都在工作。6.one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。

例如： One and a half hours is enough.一个半小时足够了。7.动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： To see is to believe 眼见为实。

Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。8.a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。

例如： A student or two has failed the exam.一两个学生考试不及格。9.主语为某些词组，如one of , each of, every one of, any one of , none of 等加复数名词或代词，谓语用单数。

如：One of my favorite sports is basketball.10.somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing等不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数

例如： Is everyone here today.今天大家到齐了吗？

Something is wrong with him.他有毛病。Nobody was in.没有人在家。11.people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式 The police are waiting for the boy.13.each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。

例如： Each of them has an English dictionary.他们每人都有一本英语词典。Neither answer is correct两个答案都不正确。

14.以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等，例如： No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息。

Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。15.由both„and„连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；

Both his father and his mother are both teachers.他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。

16.a number of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数；the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。

例如：A number of famous people were invited to party.许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。

The number of the students is over eight hundred.我们学校的学生数超过800人。17.当kind of,pair of, glass of 等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语与kind,pair,glass等一致。

例如： This pair of shoes is Tom’s.这双鞋是汤姆的。There are two glasses of wather on the table.桌上有两杯水。

18.the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。例如： The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad.穷人很快乐，富人却过得不快乐。

The beautiful lives forever.美是永存的。

19.以here，there开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。

例如： There is a book and three pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书，三只钢笔。Here are some books and paper for you.这是给你的书和纸。or, either„or„，neither„nor„,not only„but also„,not„but„,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。

例如： Tom or Jack is wrong.不是汤姆就是杰克错了。Either this one or that one is ok.这一个或那一个都行。当主语部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词由主语的单复数决定。

例如： Mike with his father has been to England.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。22 “lots of/ a lot of/plenty of+ 名词”或“分数/百分数+名词”作主语时，谓语动词取决于名词的数；若是不可数名词，用单数；若名词是复数，则用复数

23.由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。

这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物； a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。例如：

The writer and teacher is coming.那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)The writer and the teacher are coming.作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)24 family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。

例如： People here are very friendly.这儿的人很友好。

His family isn’t large.他家的人不多。

My family all like watching TV.我们一家人都喜欢看电视。none 如果指量，动词用单数。若用来指数目，与可数名词连用，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数，none 如果代表不可数名词时谓语动词用单数。None of the land has become desert.这些土地都没有变成沙漠。all/most/half/two thirds of/the rest of+名词作主语，谓语动词由of后面的名词的数保持一致。

Most of his time is spent on study.I.用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Two thousand miles __________(be)too far for us to travel over a short vacation.2.The old in my country __________(be)cared for by their children and grandchildren.3.There __________(be)a pair of trousers on the sofa.4.Ten divided by two __________(equal)five.5.The Chinese people __________(be)a great people.6.Nobody but Tim and Tom __________(be)in the room.7.Li Fang like many girls __________(like)dancing.8.Every boy and every girl __________(want)to go there.9.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth __________(be)sea.10.All of the work __________(be)finished.II.选择填空。

1.The rich ______ not always happy.A.are B.is C.has D.have 2.The old woman, together with her two grandsons, ______ crossing the road.A.are B.is C.has D.have 3.This pair of trousers ______ Lucy’s.Your trousers ______ on your bed.A.is, are B.is, is C.are, are D.are, is 4.Ten kilometers ______ a very long way to go in a day.A.are B.has C.is D.have 5.Climbing hills ______ better than having classes.A.are B.is C.was D.have 6.What he wanted to know ______ why they didn’t tell him.A.are B.was C.were D.is 7.Either you or he ______ to stay at home this afternoon.A.has B.have C.are D.is 8.Neither of the twins ______ bread.A.like B.likes C.liked D.is like 9.Fish and chips ______ my favorite food.A.is B.are C.has D.become 10.The singer and dancer ______ come to our city.A.are B.is C.have D.has 11.Three-fourths of the water ______ gone.A.is B.are C.have D.were 12.Everybody, men and women, young and old, ______ listening to the radio here.A.enjoys B.enjoy C.is enjoyed D.are enjoyed 13.Either Tom or Maria ______ sure to know the answer.A.are B.be C.is D.were 14.Neither you nor he ______ how to answer the question.A.know B.knows C.knowing D.to know 15.I as well as they ______ ready to help you.A.am B.are C.is D.be 16.The number of the students in the class ______ about forty.A.is B.are C.were D.have

四、应用性训练。

I.用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1.Neither the teacher nor the students __________(have)enough time.2.Most of the houses __________(need)painting.3.A person who has good friends __________(enjoy)life more.4.John, together with his family, __________(be)flying to London.5.Few of my family really __________(understand)me.6.One third of the students_______(be)boys.7.There______(be)twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.8.Many a students ________(have)this new dictionary.9.Every man, woman and child _______(be)asked to contribute.10.An old man or mature(成熟)woman_____(be)needed for this job.II.选择填空。

1.There _______a lot of people at the street corner when the accident happened.A.Was B.were C.have been D.had 2.Neither she nor Dick and I _____interested in maths.A.Is B.are C.am D.be 3.Fish and chips _____the most popular take-away food in England.A.Are B.is C.were D.was 4.How many students are there in your school ?---___the students in our school _____over two thousand.A.The number of;of B.The number of;are C.A number of;of D.A number of;are 5.All my classmates, except Wu Lin,____ interested in singing English songs.A.Is B.am C.are D.be 6.Neither he nor I ____from Canada.We awe from Australia.A.Is B.was C.am D.be 7.The teacher told us yesterday that December 25____Chritmas Day.A.is B.was C.has been D.will be 8.He thinks that two moths ____quite a long time.A.is B.are C.be D.was 9.There ___a sports meeting in our school next week.A.will hold B.will have C.is going to be D.is going to hold 10.Are the twins on thee team---No, neither of them_____on the team.A.is B.Are C.were D.be 11.I’m going to do some shopping this Sunday.---So____.A.do B.will C.am I D.I am 12.What___ the popular of Canada? Do you think it will_____? A.is;become B.are;become C.are;grow D.is;grow 13.This pair of trousers____.A.is mine B.is my C.are my D.are mine 14.Even a child knows that ____are made of___.A.glasses;glass B.glass;glass C.glasses;glasses D.glass;glasses

参考答案：

1.1-4 C D A D

2.1-4 D B A C

3.1-3 C C A

4.1-3 A D A

5.1-4 C B A C

6.1-3 C B 参考答案

1．B．[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体，谓语动词用单数形式。

2．D．[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。如果由not only„but also连接两个并列主语，其谓语动词同相邻的

主语保持一致，谓语动词应用单数形式。又因为他们还都没有回来，所以用has gone而不用has been。

3．A．[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。Neither„nor是一组连词，可连接连个并列主语，其谓语动词应同靠近的主语I保持一致, 因此应选A。

4．A．[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念，因此谓语动词应用复数形式。（deer单复数相同）

5．C．[解析]本题考查主谓一致的用法。the number of 后接复数名词，作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。故应选C。

6．A．[解析]本题考查主谓一致的用法。the number of 后接复数名词，作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。故应选A。7．B。“不仅是我而且简和玛莉都已厌烦了一个接着一个的考试。”not only„需用到就近原则，but also之后又是两个人，是复数。故选B。

8．A．[解析] “一座藏书量是5000册的图书馆作为礼物送给了那个国家。”要找出这句话的主说是a library还是books，根据主谓一致原则with后面的短语是修饰、补充主语的情况的，故主语应是a library，又因为此题是被动语态，因此选择A。

9．A．[解析] “还未决定何时何地建设新工厂。”“两个并列连词+主语+谓语”作主语看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数，根据题意又应用被动语态，故选A。

10．C．[解析] “邀请人的数目是50人，但是许多人由于各种原因都缺席了。”“the number of+复数名词”意为“„„的数量”，作主语，谓语动词用单数；“a number of+复数名词”意为“许多”，作主语，谓语动词用复数。

11．C．[解析] “一座纪念碑耸立在两楼之间。”倒装句的谓语动词要与后面的主语保持一致。

12．D．[解析] “许多学生以前就犯过这种错误。”“many a”虽然表达复数概念，意为“许多”，但当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

13．A．[解析] “钱都不属于他。”none作主语，谓语动词单复数都可，但这里的money为不可数名词，因此用单数形式为好，而belong to才是“属于”的意思，所以选A。

14．B．[解析] “昨天做了大约3／5的工作。”主语含有分数，百分比等等，谓语动词要根据其后面的名词而定，是不可数名词和单数可数名词，谓语动词用单数，是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。

15．B．[解析]句中的主语是your sister和mine，由并列连词neither„nor

连在一起，所以谓语动词要与后一个主语mine相一致，这里mine指my sister。初中英语总复习专题(19)主谓一致答案

三、巩固练习： I..用所给动词的适当形式填空：1.is 2.are 3.is 4.equals 5.are 6.are 7.likes 8.wants 9.is 10.is II.选择填空：1—5 ABACB 6—10 DABAD 11—15 AACBA 16—20 ACBBD

四、应用性训练。

篇3：高中英语主谓一致复习要领

一、主谓一致的基本用法

1. 并列结构作主语, 且当意义为复数时, 谓语用复数形式。

注意:当主语由and连结时, 如果它表示一个单一的概念, 即指同一人或物时, 谓语动词用单数, and连接的两个名词前只用一个冠词。如:

The writer and teacher Smith has gone through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.

2. 主谓一致中的靠近原则。

(1) 当there be句型的主语是一系列事物时, 谓语应与最近的主语保持一致。如:

There is a bowl, two knives and several forks on the table..

There are thirty boy-students and twenty-five girl-students in the class.

(2) 在由not only...but also..., not just...but..., or, neither...nor..., either...or...连接主语的句子中, 谓语动词的单复数遵循就近一致原则, 即按与谓语动词最靠近的那个主语来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。如:

Not only Mary but also I am going to London next week.

3. 谓语动词与前面的主语一致。

当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, as well as等词引起的短语时, 谓语动词与前面的主语一致。如:

The teacher together with his students is discussing Writing Skills that was newly published in China.

4. 谓语动词与后接名词或代词保持一致。

(1) 用half of, part of, most of等词引起主语时, 动词通常与of后面的名词或代词保持一致。如:

Most of her money is spent on dress.

(2) 在more than...of作主语时, 动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。如:

More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.

5. 谓语用单数。

(1) 主语中含有each, every时, 谓语动词需用单数。如:

Each boy gets a present.

(2) 当主语是一本书或一条格言时, 谓语动词常用单数。如:

The Arabian Nights is a book known to lovers of English.

(3) 表示金钱、时间、距离、价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时, 通常把这些名词看作一个整体, 谓语多用单数。 (用复数也可, 意思不变) 如:

Two weeks is allowed for preparing for the examination.

6. 指代意义决定谓语的单复数。

(1) 代词what, which, who, none, some, any, most, all等词后面的谓语动词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。如:

All is right.

All are present.

(2) 集体名词作主语时, 谓语的单复数要根据主语的意思来决定, 如family, audience, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时, 意为这个集体中的各个成员, 用单数时表示整个集体。如:

The committee is made up of 12 people.

Her family are music lovers.

但集合名词people, police, cattle等在任何情况下后面的谓语动词都用复数形式.

Are there any police around?

(3) 有些名词, 如variety, number, population, majority等构成的表示“一些”的词组作主语时, 有时看作单数, 有时看作复数。如:

A number of+名词复数+复数动词

The number of+名词复数+单数动词

The number of the students in our school is over 3, 000.

二、主谓一致中的“表里不一”现象

1.“more than one+名词”作主语时, 从意义上看是复数, 但谓语动词常用单数。例如:

More than one high official has been questioned by the police since the mayor was shot dead.

2.“many a+名词”作主语时, 从意义上看是复数, 但谓语动词常用单数。例如:

Many a student has been sent to plant trees.

3.What引导的主语从句, 谓语动词可视表语而定:表语是单数名词时, 动词用单数, 相反, 则用复数。例如:

What they want to get is?the number of good books.他们想得到的是大量的好书。

4.And连接的两个单数名词前若用each, every, no修饰, 从意义上看是复数, 但该名词短语作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。如:

Each boy and each girl has found a good dictionary.

5.Each作主语的同位语时, 谓语动词由主语来决定, 与each无关。如:

They each have a bike.

6.动词不定式, 动词-ing形式短语作主语时, 从意义上看是复数, 但谓语动词常用单数。如:

Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.

7.The following作主语时, 谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致。如:

The following are good examples.

8.有些用来表示由两个对应部分组成一体的名词复数 (trousers, glasses, shoes, shorts, scissors等) 作主语时, 前面若有“条”, “副”, “把”之类的单位词, 动词就用单数;若没有单位词或单位词是复数, 谓语动词就用复数。

The shoes are all right.

9.一些以-s结尾的名词通常谓语动词用复数如:arms (武器) , clothes, contents, remains (遗体) , thanks等。

10.“one and a half+名词”作主语时, 从意义上看是复数, 但谓语动词要用单数。例如:

One and a half apples is left on the table.

11.“One or two more+复数名词”作主语时, 谓语动词用复数。如:

Time flies!One or two years has passed.

12.“One of+复数名词+定语从句”结构中, 定语从句的谓语动词要用复数;而在“the only one of+复数名词+定语从句”的结构中, 定语从句的谓语要用单数形式。如:

He is one of the students who study hard in his class.

三、以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题

英语可数名词的复数形式往往是在词尾加-s或-es, 但是有一些以-s结尾的名词并不是可数名词。它们用法多样, 实际使用起来比较困难, 以下详述了以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题。

1. 以-s结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题。

某些以-s结尾的地理名称, 如果是国名, 如the United States, the Netherlands等, 谓语动词就用作单数。如:

In early January 1996 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1976.

如果是群岛、山脉、海峡等地理名称作主语, 谓语动词就用复数。

The West Indies are commonly divided into two parts.

2. 以-ics结尾的学科名称的词作主语的主谓一致问题。

某些以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语时, 如physics, mathematics, politics statistics, economics, linguistics, athletics等, 谓语动词通常用单数形式。

Athletics is a required course for students of all grades in China.

但如果这类名词表示学科以外的其他含义, 就可用复数形式。

Athletics have been greatly encouraged at this university.

篇4：主谓一致考点小结

一、由there或here引起的句子,谓语动词和后面的真实主语保持一致。如果主语是两个或更多个名词组成的短语,谓语动词通常和第一个名词保持一致。如:

There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。

There are two rulers and a knife in the pencil-box. 铅笔盒里有两把尺子和一把小刀。

考例:——There ____ a lot of meat on the plate. Would you like some?

——Just a little, please. (08年北京市)

A. isB. areC. amD. be

解析:选A。此题的真实主语meat是不可数名词,所以应填动词is。

二、由and或both…and…连接的并列名词作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。如:

Tom and Mike are good friends. 汤姆和迈克是好朋友。

Both Lucy and Lily are students. 露西和莉莉都是学生。

考例:Both Jim and Kate ____ in Beijing now. They both ____ from America. (08年汕头市)

A. is; comeB. are; comeC. is; comesD. are; comes

解析:选B。由both…and…连接的两个名词作主语,谓语动词应用复数形式。

三、“a number of+复数名词或代词”作主语,表示“许多……”,“一些……”之意时,谓语动词一般用复数;“the number of+复数名词或代词”作主语,表示“……的数目”,“……的数量”时,谓语动词一般用单数。如:

A number of students are playing basketball on the playground.

许多学生正在操场上打篮球。

The number of the students in our school is more than two thousand.

我们学校的学生人数超过两千。

考例:The number of ____ in our class ____ fifty. (08年烟台市)

A. student; isB. the students; areC. the students; isD. students; are

解析:选C。the number of(……的数量)后接复数名词,但谓语动词应用单数。

四、当动名词、不定式或从句作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:

To see is to believe. 眼见为实。

考例:Swimming in the pool with friends ____ very interesting. (08年攀枝花市)

A. hasB. haveC. isD. are

解析:选C。动名词短语Swimming in the pool with friends 作句子的主语,be动词与形容词interesting一起构成系表结构。

五、由either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…,or连接两个名词或代词作并列主语时,谓语动词要和最靠近的主语一致。如:

Neither you nor Li Hua has been to Beijing before. 你和李华以前都没去过北京。

考例:Either Mary or he ____ going to Paris. Only one person may go there. (08年黑龙江省)

A. areB. isC. was

解析:选B。be动词就应与he在人称和数上保持一致。此外,从Only one person may go there.可知,前句应用一般将来时,而非过去将来时。

六、主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, like, but, except, besides, including, rather than, as well as等引导的短语时,谓语动词通常和这些短语前面的名词或代词保持一致。如:

Tom with his parents goes to the park every day. 汤姆和他父母每天都一起去公园。

考例:Mr. Green with his wife ____ sitting there when I came in. (08年宁夏自治区)

A. isB. wasC. areD. were

解析:选B。此句的主语是Mr. Green,所以谓语动词应用单数形式。从时间状语when I came in可推断,主句应用过去进行时。

七、“one of+复数名词”意为“……之一”,作主语时谓语动词应用单数形式。如:

One of the most interesting subjects is English. 最有趣的科目之一是英语。

考例:One of my friends ____ already moved to London.(08年南宁市)

A. doB. does C. haveD. has

解析:选D。“one of+复数名词”作主语,谓语应用单数形式,且搬到伦敦是过去已经发生的事,应用现在完成时。

八、主谓一致与同位语无关。当主语后带有同位语时,谓语动词应与主语保持一致。如:

Our English teacher, Mrs Zhang, is strict with us. 我们的英语老师张老师对我们要求严格。

考例:The important sports festival, the Olympic Games, ____ held every ____ years.

(08年乌鲁木齐市)

A. is; fiveB. are; three C. is; fourD. are; two

解析:选C。此句的the Olympic Games是同位语,真正的主语是the important sports festival,所以谓语动词应用单数形式,又因为奥运会是每四年举行一次,所以应用every four years。

九、表示时间、距离、重量、金钱等名词短语作主语,表示整体概念时,其谓语动词用单数形式。如:

Two months is quite a long time. 两个月是相当长的一段时间。

考例:——Do you need more time to finish the work?

——Yes, another ten days ____ enough. (07年辽宁省)

A. are B. is C. wereD. was

解析:选B。此题中的“another ten days”“再有十天”为表时间的短语,应看作一个整体,所以谓语动词用单数形式。根据上下句可知该句应为一般现在时。

【巩固练习】

1. Dad, the phone is ringing. I guess either you or Mum ____ on the phone.

A. wantB. are wantedC. wantsD. is wanted

2. My mother ____ noodles, but my father ____.

A. likes; doesn’tB. don’t like; doC. likes; didn’tD. didn’t like; do

3. The teacher and writer ____ to give us two talks on environment tomorrow.

A. is comingB. are comingC. has comeD. have come

4. ——How many teachers are there in your school?

——About 200. One third of them ____ men teachers.

A. haveB. hasC. areD. is

5. ——How much ____ the shoes?

——Five dollars ____ enough.

A. is; isB. are; is C. are; areD. is; are

6. There ____ a football game between Italy and Germany tomorrow morning.

A. hasB. is going to beC. will have D. has been

7. None of the shops in the downtown ____ before 8 p.m.

A. are going to be closedB. will be closingC. is closingD. are being closed

8. The poor ____ to be helped.

A. amB. wasC. areD. is

9. What you said ____ wrong.

A. isB. areC. amD. be

篇5：高中英语主谓一致

一）主谓一致的种类

1．语法形式上的一致

主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如： The number of the students present is 200.Jane and Mary look alike.2．意义上一致

1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。如：The crowd were shouting.单数形式代表复数内容的词有：people, police, cattle等。2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。如：The news was so surprising.形复意单的单词有news和一些以ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics, economics等。

3．就近原则

即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or，either…or, neither…not, not only…but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。如：

Either your students or Mr.Wang knows this.（二）主谓一致的应用 1．名词作主语

1）某些集体名词，如family, team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如：

His family is a happy one.The whole family are watching TV.这类名词有：audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。

名词population一词的使用情况类似。“a group(crowd)of +复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数，前者强调整体，后者强调各个部分。

2）某些集体名词，如people, police, cattle等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。如： The police are searching for the thief.3）单、复数同形的名词主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。如： A sheep is over there.Some sheep are over there.4）名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。如：

The doctor’s is across the street.My uncle’s is not far from here.常见的省略名词有：the baker’s, the barber’s, the carpenter’s, the Zhang’s等。

表示店铺的名词，一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。如： Richardson’s have a lot of goods to sell.5）当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。如：

Three years has passed since then.6）不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如： Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.7）如果主语有more than one…或many a…构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：

More than one student has read the book.Many a girl has been there.但是，“more +复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如： More members than one are against your plan.8）一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：

A pair of shoes was on the desk.9）this kind of book =a book of this kind（这种书），其谓语动词用单数；短语this kind of men =men of this kind =these kind of men(口语)（这一类人），但this kind of men的谓语动词用单数，men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语动词用复数，all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如：

This kind of men is dangerous.Men of this kind are dangerous.10）复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致原则，作用单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有：means（方法），works（工厂），species（种类），Chinese，Japanese等。如：

The(This)glass works was set up in 1980.(这家玻璃厂建于1980年。)The（These）glass works are near the railway station.（这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。）当它们前面有a, such a , this, that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all, such, these, those修饰时，谓语用复数，但means, no means, the means等词前没有以上修饰词时，可用作单数，也可用作复数。

11）如果名词词组中心词是all，most, half, rest等词语，所指的复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数。如：

All of my classmates like music.All of the water is gone.12)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如： Between the two windows hangs a picture.2．由连接词连接的名词作主语

1）用and或both…and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如： Plastics and rubber never rot.Walking and riding are good exercises.但是，并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。如：

Truth and honesty is the best policy.The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor.To love and to be loved is great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.A knife and fork is on the table.2）当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数而定。如：

The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.３）以or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。如：

Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.Either you or he is to go.3．代词作主语

1）名词性物主代词作主语时，既可以用作单数，也可以用作复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。如：

Ours(Our Party)is a great party.Your shoes are black, and mine(=my shoes)are brown.2）such, the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。如： Such is our plan.Such are his words.3）关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：

Those who want to go please put up your hands.Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.4）疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。如：

Who lives next door ? It is Xiao Liu.Who live next door ? It is Zhang and Liu.What produce(s)heat ?

5）不定代词any, either, neither, none, all some, more等作主语时，有以下两种情况：

单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词用单数或复数形式，例如： Now all has been changed.All are present.either, neither单独作主语时，谓语通常用单数。

但后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词当然用单数形式，若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数，在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。如：

Do(es)any of you know his address ? None of them has(have)seen the film.4．分数、量词作主语

1）“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of, lots of plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of +名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语，例如：

Lots of damage was caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here are women.和这种情况类似的还有“a number of+名词复数”，但是，“the number of +名词”的中心词却是number, 试比较：

A number of students have gone home.The number of pages in this book is two hundred.注意：(large)quantities of修饰可数或不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数，例如：

Quantities of food(nuts)were on the table.短语in quantity, in large quantities意为“大量”；in small quantities意为“少量”。2）a great deal of , a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数，例如：

A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.3）表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，例如：

One and a half bananas is left on the table.4）half of,(a)part of修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。

5．名词化的形容词作主语

如果主语由“the+形容词（或过去分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数，这类词有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等；但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别，则用单数。如：

The blind study in special schools.The departed was a well-known engineer.这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时，就要与名词man, person或表示人的单数连和，如：an old man, a rich person, the(a)wounded soldier 6．从句作主语

1）由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式，例如：

What we need is more time.What we need are doctors.2）在“one of+复数名词++who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此，从句中的动词应该是复数形式。如：

This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told.但是当one之前有the only等修饰语时，关系代词的先行词是one，而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数形式。如：