奥巴马芝加哥演讲词（精选6篇）
篇1：奥巴马芝加哥演讲词
Moments ago, President Barack Obama delivered a victory speech after winning re-election over Mitt Romney from Obama campaign headquarters – McCormick Place, Lakeside Center in Chicago, IL.“Thank you.Thank you.Thank you so much.Tonight more than 200 years after a former colony won the right to determine its own destiny, the task of perfecting our union moves forward.It moves forward because of you.It moves forward because you reaffirmed the spirit that has triumphed over war and depression, the spirit that has lifted this country from the depths of despair to the heights of hope.The belief that while each of us will pursue our own individual dreams, we are an American family and we rise or fall together as one nation and as one people.Tonight in this election, you, the American people, remind us while our road has been hard, while our journey has been long, we have picked ourselves up, we have fought our way back, and we know in our hearts that the united states of America – the best is yet to come.[cheering] I want to thank every American who participated in this election [CHEERING] Whether you voted for the very first time or waiting in line for a very long time.By the way, we need to fix that.Whether you pounded the pavement or picked up the phone.Whether you held an Obama sign or a Romney sign, you mad your voice heard.And you made a difference.I just got off the phone with Governor Romney and I congratulated him and Paul Ryan on a hard-fought campaign.[CHEERING] We may have fought fiercely, but it’s only because we love this country deeply.And we care so stronly about its future.From George to Lenore to their son Mitt, the Romney family has chosen to give back to Americans through public service.And that is a legacy that we honor and applaud tonight.[CHEERING] In the weeks ahead, I also look forward to sitting down with Governor Romney to talk about where we can work together to move this country forward.[CHEERING] I want to thank my friend and partner for the last four years, America’s happy warrior, the best vice president anybody could ever hope for: Joe Biden.I want to thank my friend and partner of the last 4 years, America’s happy warrior, the best Vice President anyone could ever hope for: Joe Biden.And I wouldn’t be the man I am today without the woman who agreed to marry me twenty years ago.Let say this publicly, Michelle I have never loved you more.I have never been prouder to watch the rest of America fall in love with you too as our nation’s first lady.from
Sasha and Malia before our very eyes you are growing up to become two strong smart beautiful young women, just like your mom.And im so proud of you guys.But I will say that for now one dog is probably enough.To the best campaign team and volunteers in the history of politics.The best.The best ever.Some of you were this time around.Some of you were new this time around and some of you have been at my side since the very beginning but all of you are family.No matter what you do or where you go from here, you will carry the memory of the history we made together and you will have the life long appreciation of a grateful president.Thank you for believing all the way, through every hill, through every valley.[applause] You lifted me up the whole way and I will always be grateful for everything that you’ve done and all the incredible work that you’ve put in.[applause]
I know that political campaigns can sometime seem small, even silly, and that provides plenty of fodder for the synics who tell us that politics is nothing more than a contest of egos or the domain of special interests.But if you ever get the chance to talk to folks who turn out at rallies and crowded out along a ropline in a high school gym or saw folks working late at a campaign office in some tiny county far away from home, you’ll discover something else;you’ll hear the determination in the voice of a young field organizer who is working his way through college and wants to make sure every child has that same opportunity.[applause] You’ll hear the pride in the voice of a volunteer who is going door to door because her brother was finally hired when the local auto plant added another shift.[applause] You’ll hear the deep patriotism in the voice of a military spouse who is working the phones late at night to make sure that no one who fights for this country every has to fight for a job or a roof over their head when they come home.[applause] That’s why we do this.That’s what politics can be.That’s why elections matter.It’s not small, it’s big.It’s important.Democracy in a nation of 300-million can be noisy and messy and complicated.We have our own opinions, each of us has deeply held beliefs.And when we go through tough times, when we make big decisions as a country;it necisarily stirs passions, stirs up controversy.That won’t change after tonight and it shouldn’t.These arguments we have are a mark of our liberty.We can never forget that as we speak, people in distant nations are risking their lives right now just for a chance to argue about the issues that matter [applause] The chance to cast their ballots like we did today.But despite all our differences, most of us share certain hopes for America’s future.We want our kids to grow up in a country where they have access to the best schools and the best teachers.[applause] A country that lives up to its legacy as the global leader in technology and discovery and innovation;with all the good jobs and new businesses that follow.A country that lives up to its legacy as a global leader in technology, discovery and innovation.With all the good jobs and businesses that follow, to live in America that isn’t burdened by debt, that isn’t weakened by inequality.That isn’t threatened by the destructive power of a warming planet.We want to pass on a country that is saved and respected and admired around the world.A nation that is defended by the strongest military on earth and the best troops this world has ever known.But also a country that moves with confidence beyond this time of war to shape a peace.That is built on the promise of dignity of every human being.We believe in a generous America, in a compassionate America, in a tolerant America, open to the dreams of an immigrants daughter that studies in our schools and pledges to our flag.To the young boy on the south side of Chicago, who sees a light beyond the nearest street corner.To the furniture workers child in North Carolina who wants to become a engineer or a scientist.And engineer or an entrepreneur.A diplomat or even a president, that’s the future we hope for.That’s the vision we share, that’s where we need to go.Forward.That’s where we need to go.Now we will disagree sometimes fiercely on how to get there, as it has for more then two centuries, progress will come in fits and starts, it’s not always a straight line or a smooth path.By itself a recognition of our common hopes and dreams won’t end the gridlock.Or solve all our problems or substitute for the hard work of building consensus.And making the difficult compromises needed to move the country forward but that common bond is where we must begin.Our economy is recovering, our decade of war is ending.A long campaign is now over.[applause] And whether I earned your vote or not, I have listened to you.I have learned from you and you have made me a better President.With your stories and your struggles, I returned to the White House more determined and more inspired than ever about the work there is to do and the future that lies ahead [applause] Tonight, you voted for action, not politics as usual.You elected us to focus on your jobs, not ours.And in the coming weeks and months, I am looking forward to reaching out and working with leaders of both parties to meet the challenges we can only solve together: reducing our deficit, reforming our tax code, fixing our immigration system, freeing ourselves from foreign oil, we’ve got more work to do.But that doesn’t mean your work is done.The role of citizen in our democracy does not end with your vote.America’s never been about what could be done for us, it’s about what can be done by us, together, through the hard and frustrating but necessary work of self-government.That’s the principle we were founded on.This country has more wealth than any nation, but that’s not what makes us rich.We have the most powerful military in history but that’s not what makes us strong.Our university, our culture, are all the envy of the world but that’s not what keeps the world coming to our shores.What makes America exceptional are the bonds that hold together the most diverse nation on Earth, the belief that our destiny is shared, that this country only works when we accept certain obligations to one another and the future generations so that the freedom so many Americans have fought for and died for comes with responsibilities as well as rights, and among those are love, and charity, and duty and patriotism.That’s what makes America great.I am hopeful tonight because I have seen that spirit at work in America.I’ve seen it in the family business whose owners would rather cut their own pay than lay off their neighbors, and in the workers who would rather cut back their hours than see a friend lose a job.I’ve seen it in the soldiers who re-enlist after losing a limb, and in those SEALS who charged up the stairs into darkness and danger because they knew their was a buddy behind them watching their back.I’ve seen it on the shores of New Jersey and New York where leaders from every party and level of government have swept aside their differences to help a community rebuild from the wreckage of a terrible storm.And I saw it just the other day, in Mentor, Ohio wehre a father told the story of his eight-year-old daughter who’s long battle with leukemia nearly cost their family everything had it not been for healthc are reform passing just a few months before.The insurance company was about to stop paying for her care I had an opportunity to not just talk to the father but meet this incredible daughter of his, and when he spoke to the crowd listening to that father’ story, every parent in that room had tears in their eyes because we knew that little girl could be our own.And I know that every American wants her future to be just as bright.That’s who we are.That’s the country I’m so proud to lead as your president.And tonight, despite all the hardship we’ve been through, despite al lthe frustrations of Washington, I’ve never been more hopeful about our future I’ve never been more hopeful about America.And I ask you to sustain that hope.I’m not talking about blind optimism.The kind of hope that just ignores the enormity of the tasks ahead or the road blocks that stand in our path.I’m not talking about the wishful idealism that allows us to just sit on the sidelines or shirk from a fight.I have always believed that hope is that stubborn thing inside of us that insists, despite all the evidence to the contrary, that something better awaits us so long as we have the courage to keep reaching to keep working, to keep fighting.America, I believe we can build on the progress we made and continue to fight for new jobs and new opportunity and new security for the middle class I believe we can keep the promise of our founder.The idea that if you’re willing to work hard, it doesn’t matter who you are or where you come from or what you look like or where you love, it doesn’t matter if you’re black or white or Hispanic or asian, or native American, or young or old, or rich or poor, able, disabled, gay or straight, you can make it.I believe we can sieze this future together.Because we are not as divided as our politics suggest.We’re not as cynical as the pundents believe.We are greater than the sum of our individual ambitions.And we remain more than a collection of red states and blue states.We are and forever will be the United States of America.With your help and God’s grace, we will continue our journey forward.And remind the world just why it is that we live in the greatest nation on Earth.Thank you, America.God bless you.God bless these United States.”
篇2：奥巴马芝加哥演讲词
奥巴马芝加哥卸任演讲视频（中英文字幕）以下为奥巴马演讲全文：
很高兴回家，回到芝加哥!回家真好!正如你们所见，我现在是个“跛脚鸭”总统，因为没有人再听从我的指示，正如现场大家每个人都有个座位。
我和米歇尔对于近几周我们收到来自各方的祝福表示十分的感动。今晚，我该向大家说句谢谢了!也许我们为曾见面，也许我们意见不合，但谢谢美国人民对我的真诚。是你们让我成为了一位美国总统，是你们让我成为一个更棒的人。
我二十多岁的时候来到芝加哥，那个时候我还在探求我是谁，人生的意义是什么。那个时候我工作的地方就离现在这里不远，也正是在这几条街道上我意识到了信念的力量和面临磨难的尊严。在这里，我知道，只有普通人真正融入、团结在一起，我们才可以做出改变。即使在我作为总统的这八年中，我依然坚信。
这不仅只是我的信仰，也是全体美国人的心声。美国的与众不同是我们能变得更好的能力。
权力从一个自由选举的总统向下一任转移的过程是平稳有序的，这是非常重要的。我曾向特朗普承诺，我的政治团队将确保此次换届过程非常平稳，就像当初布什总统把权力交接给我一样。因为，我们每个人首先要保证美国政府未来有能力解决我们现在仍然面临的问题。
在美国历史中，曾经有过几次内部团结被破坏的时候。本世纪初，就是美国社会团结遭到威胁的一个时期。世界各国联系更加紧密，但是社会不平等问题更加突出，恐怖主义的威胁也更加严重。这些因素不仅仅会考验美国的安全和法弄，也对美国的民众体制产生威胁。未来，我们如何迎接这些民主挑战将关系到我们是否能正确教育下一代、继续创造就业岗位并保护美国的国土安全。
医疗保险政策
目前，美国未参保人数比例大幅下降，医疗保健费用增速已将降至过去50年以来最低水平。如果任何人能够提出一项医保政策，并切实证明新政策比上一届政府提出的医保改革更加有效，能够尽可能地以较低价格覆盖广大美国人民，我会公开支持这种新的医保政策。
种族和移民问题
美国总统大选结束后，一些人认为美国已经进入后种族时代。尽管这种种族融合的愿望是好的，但是却不太可能真正实现。目前，种族问题仍然是一个可能造成社会分裂的重大问题。以我个人经历来看，如今美国社会的种族问题比二十、三十年前有了较大改善，这种社会进步不仅仅体现在统计数字中，也可以从不同政治观念的年轻一代美国人的态度中看出来。
但是，我们的工作还远远没有结束。我们每个人都还有很多工作去做。如果每个经济问题都通过勤劳的美国中产阶级与少数族群之间的冲突来解读，那么各个种族的工人阶级将为一点点剩余的劳动果实争得头破血流，而那些富人会进一步收缩进他们自己的小圈子。如果我们仅仅因为移民后裔长得不像我们，就拒绝给这些孩子投资，那我们也是在牺牲美国人后代的希望，因为这些移民后裔未来会在美国工薪阶层占很大比例。
少数族裔问题
对于黑人和其他少数族群需要共同奋斗来解决许多美国人面临的问题，这不仅仅包括难民、移民、农村的群人和变性人，也包括那些看上去享受各种社会优待的中年男性白人，因为这些人都面临全社会经济、文化和科技发生重大变革的挑战。
政治是一场观点的较量，这也是民主体制的设计理念。但是，如果每个政治团体没有一些社会共识，不愿意去了解新的信息，不愿意去承认对手方的论点合理，也不愿意通过科学论据理性思考，那么这场辩论中没有人在聆听，双方就不可能产生共识或者妥协。
环境保护
如果我们不采取更加积极的环境保护措施，我们的下一代就没有时间再讨论环境变化是否存在，而是忙于处理环境变化带来的后果，包括自然灾害、经济发展停滞以及环境难民寻求避难等问题。现在，我们能够也应当讨论如何最好地解决环境变化问题。但是，如果我们仅仅否认环境问题存在，这不仅仅是背叛下一代，也背叛了历史先驱们寻求创新并解决实际问题的精神。
恐怖袭击
过去八年中，没有任何一个境外恐怖主义组织成功地在美国本土上计划并执行一次恐怖袭击。尽管美国发生了本土滋生的恐怖主义袭击事件，包括波士顿马拉松炸弹袭击以及圣博娜迪诺袭击事件。对于那些一直坚守在工作岗位上的反恐工作人员，担任你们的指挥官是我一辈子的荣耀。
我反对任何歧视美国穆斯林群体的行为。我们需要更加警惕，但是不需要害怕ISIL组织（伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯兰国）杀害更多无辜的人民。如果我们在斗争中坚守美国宪法和核心精神，他们就无法战胜美国。俄罗斯或者中国等其他国家无法匹敌美国在全球范围内的影响，除非我们自己放弃这种影响力，变成一个只会欺负周边小国的大国。
不论我们属于哪一个党派，我们所有人都应当致力于重建美国的民主政治制度。我们的民主宪法是一项杰出的成就，也是上天赐予的礼物，但是这仅仅是一张纸，宪法本身不具备任何力量。宪法的力量是我们美国人民通过参与选举、做出决议赋予的。
美国人应当成为积极参与政治的公民，让参与政治成为日常生活的一部分，特别是如果一些人对目前美国政治的现状不满的话：“如果你厌倦了与互联网上的陌生人争辩，可以考虑在现实生活中与异见人士辩论。如果你认为一些问题需要被解决，那就采取行动组织力量。如果你对选举出来的政府官员不满意，那就争取其他人的支持来自己竞选。致谢
米歇尔，过去二十五年中，你不仅仅是我的妻子孩子的母亲，也是我最好的朋友。你担任了一个不是你争取来的职责，但是你的优雅、勇气和幽默都给这个身份烙上了你自己的印记。
（奥巴马转向他的女儿）你们两个女孩聪明、美丽，更重要的是，你们善良而又充满热情。过去几年中，你们没有被聚光灯所累。在我的一生中，我为成为你们的父亲而自豪。
（感谢副总统拜登）从宾州斯克兰顿到特拉华州，你是我当选美国总统后提名的第一个人选，也是我最好的选择。拜登是一个好兄弟，就像家人一样。
（感谢工作人员）你们改变了这个世界。今晚，我将离开这个舞台，但是我对于这个国家比我刚上任时更加乐观。
美国民众对国家充满信心
我希望你相信，不仅仅相信我能够为美国带来改变的能力，也相信你自己能够改变这个国家的能力。
希望你们坚信美国建国宪章中记载的精神，相信奴隶和废奴主义者传播的平等观念，相信曾经通过游行争取移民公平权利的精神，相信那些将美利坚旗帜插在海外战场和月球表面的国家信念。这种信念存在于每个普通美国人的心中。
是的，我们能行。
是的，我们做到了。
篇3：奥巴马芝加哥演讲词
1 修辞
所谓修辞, 指的就是修饰文辞, 也就是在使用语言的过程中, 利用多种语言手段以收到尽可能好的表达效果的一种语言活动。恰当的修辞可以使意思表达的更加准确, 使语言更具有感染力。汉语修辞有虚写和实写之分, 在语言表达中有意识地运用虚实观点, 取得某种效果, 汉语修辞古今一贯的主导思想是要为表达内容服务。与汉语修辞相比, 英文的修辞手法集中为亚里士多德理论研究法, 即语言修辞和言语修辞, 语言修辞包括语音修辞、词汇修辞、句法修辞和篇章修辞。言语修辞包括理性诉诸、情感诉诸以道德诉诸。在演讲中体现为多层面, 交叉式, 更侧重于劝说式的语言策略。
2 巴马芝加哥演讲词的精妙之处
演讲人的目的在于激发听众的情感, 说服和打动听众, 因此, 演讲者常常运用多种修辞手段来增强说辞的文采和艺术感染力, 奥巴马芝加哥演讲中使用了多种修辞方法。可赏析音韵修辞、结构修辞、美学修辞的精妙之处
2.1 音韵修辞
音韵修辞是利用词语的语音特点创造出来的修辞手法, 主要有onomatopoeia, alliteration和assonance, Onomatopoeia是模仿事物发出的声响的修辞手法, 与汉语的拟声辞格完全相同。音韵修辞可以使文章在韵律和发音方面更加流畅, 更能吸引听者的注意力。例句:
2.1.1“There are mothers and fathers who will lie awake after their children fall asleep and wonder how they'll make the mortgage”. (这里的awake和after, make和mortgage构成了韵律)
2.1.2“Will ask you join in the work of remaking this nation the only way it's been done in America for 221 years-block by block, brick by brick, callused hand by callused hand.”两个或者两个以上的首字母相同, 形成悦耳的读音, 与汉语中的双声技巧有相似之处。
2.2 结构修辞
排比是奥巴马在其演说中实用最频繁的一种修辞手法。芝加哥的这篇演说词出现了大量的短语, 句子以及段落的排比, 使其演说更加鼓舞人心。使用短语的平行排列如:
2.2.1“It's been a long time coming, but tonight, because of what we did on this day, in this election, at this defining moment, change has come to America.”
2.2.2“a government of the people, by the people and for the people”
运用短语组合排列来达到极其震撼的感觉, 拉近了总统和人民的距离, 体现人权, 文中多次使用“我们”更加形象的说明了总统与人民在一起的亲民政策。
3 美学修辞
美学修辞在运用逻辑思维的同时, 偏重于随景应情, 运用想象和联想, 通过一些修辞格唤起生动的意象, 使语言文字更加意蕴优美, 取得艺术性的表达效果。
3.1 拟人
所谓拟人就是把事物人格化, 把不具备人的一些动作和感情的事物变成和人一样的。使其具有人的外表、个性或情感的这样的修辞手段。拟人在这篇演说中多次被使用到, 例如,
“It's the answer told by lines that stretched around schools and churches in numbers this nation has never seen;”这里的“the nation have seen”是把民族这个词拟人化了。这样的例子还有, 例如, “and I look forward to working with them to renew this nation's promise in the months ahead”奥巴马期待着努力实现他对整个民族的诺言。又如,
“Let us remember that if this financial crisis taught us anything”财政危机本身只是一个专有名词, 在这里活用为能教会我们的人。
3.2 比喻
比喻就是打比方, 即抓住两个事物的相似点, 把一个事物比喻另一事物。这篇演讲中有一处:
“The road ahead will be long, our climb will be steep.”在这里, 奥巴马把自己竞选后要面临的种种问题看成是一条狭长的道路。要走到路的尽头, 不仅耗时, 而且耗力。这就和解决美国面临的问题一样艰苦, 只有用攀登高峰时的勇气来解决, 才足以形容问题的艰巨。与比喻相比, 暗喻没有明显的比词如, like, as等等。例如:
“and doubtful of what we can achieve to put their hands on the arc of history and bend it once more toward the hope of a better day.”这句是暗喻的手法, 历史之轮如今在我们手中, 把历史比作车轮般运转。
除了以上修辞之外, 奥巴马芝加哥演讲还出现了少量的反问、设问、对偶以及反复等修辞手法, 奥巴马超凡脱俗的演讲, 为他竞选胜利起到了至关重要的作用, 他可以成为一位杰出了演说家, 并在多次演讲中, 他都熟练地运用了更重修辞技巧, 学习研究其修辞技巧不仅让学者欣赏其语言之美, 还可以领悟奥巴马的演讲技艺, 通过学习、借鉴来提高自身的演讲水平。
参考文献
[1]郑殿臣.奥巴马就职演说的语用研究[J].楚雄师范学院学报, 24 (5) .
[2]张学玲.奥巴马获胜演讲词的巧妙之处[J].考试周刊, 2008 (53) .
[3]孟颖.演讲词的修辞原则及其要素[J].东莞理工学院学报, 14 (6) .
篇4：奥巴马芝加哥演讲词
关键词：文体学 演讲 词汇 语法
1 概述
文体学是用语言方法研究文体风格的学问。它以语言学的方法为工具对文学语篇进行描述和解释[1]。文体是指说话或写作的格调，它随时变化，由具体情景、对象、地点、话题等因素而定[2]。对文体的定义有很多种，简单可靠的定义是：文体是一个语篇的语言特征。任何实际可行的文体分析都必须选择一些语言特征，同时放弃其他语言特征。要分析的语言特征是那些被称为文体标记（style marker）的突出文体特征。一般来说文体特征分四类：词汇类、语法类、修辞手段、衔接和语境[3]。
根据演讲活动的性质和特点的不同，演讲从内容上分为：政治、经济、学术、道德、法律、宗教和军事演讲等。本文主要分析政治演讲。政治演讲，是指各阶段、政党或个人对国家内政事务和对外关系，表明立场，阐明观点、宣扬主张的一种演讲。如竞选演讲、施政演讲、政治集会演讲等。政治演讲的特点为：①观点鲜明；②逻辑严谨；③鼓动性强。本文选取2013年奥巴马连任就职的演讲词作为分析对象，主要从词汇和句法两个方面进行文体分析。以力求了解本文的文体特征，更好地理解政治演讲的特点。
2 文体学分析
2.1 词汇层面
按照二元论的分析方法，分析词汇主要是看词汇是否正式，词汇的难易程度，单音节与多音节的数量，抽象名词与具体名词的数量，词汇中描述动作的动词与渲染性的形容词的数量等等。然后再计算这些词汇的出现频率。
第一个词汇特征是此文难度指数属于容易类。由于书面语是演讲的特征之一，因此，一般来说其词汇相对较复杂，在奥巴马的演讲词中，全文的总字数是2103个，其中难词有8个，即三个音节以上的词（不含专有名词和因语态、时态和数而演变来的派生词），只占全文总词汇的0.38%，其原因是要让来自各个阶层，有着不同文化程度的听众都能听懂、理解。虽然难词不多，其语言仍能显示出正式和庄重；本文运用The Gunning Fog index指数公式，来计算文章语言内容的难度指数，公式为（fog index）=0.4（H+L）其中，L=句子的平均长度；H=难懂的词的百分比。得出本演讲的难度指数=0.4（8/2103+23.8）=9.52。由迷雾指数原理得出难度指数在10左右的语篇属于容易类。所以，尽管本文语篇较长，但就其难度指数为9.52<10来说，这篇演讲从理解难易程度来看属于容易类。
另一个词汇特征是本文使用了大量的第一人称代词。此演讲中三种人称代词都有所涉及，但第一人称代词的使用相对较多，其人称代词的使用情况如表1。
表1
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在这篇演讲中，奥巴马主要运用了第一人称代词，主要是为了方便于表达自己的观点和整体的概念。所用的169个第一人称代词中we（67个）、our（75个）、us（20个）、I（3个）、my（3个）、ourselves（1个）。在此文中奥巴马多次运用we和our增强了对美国国民集体身份的反复强化，加深了全民的共识，同时，演讲者通过带有倾向性或暗示性的语句向听众施加某种信仰和情感来激起感情并最终促使他们产生行动，演讲中的感情示现增进了美国民众对奥巴马政府的信赖，旨在为奥巴马政府争取更多的民意支持，实现了民族感情的集体共鸣。这种对感情的诉诸表达了作者对美国未来的憧憬之情和对美国历史的缅怀之意，号召美国同胞拥抱与生俱来的永恒权利，珍爱未知的自由未来，激起美国公众同舟共济、珍惜自由之心，让全国人民以更大的决心取得永恒的胜利。
在这篇演讲词中，奥巴马大量的使用了情态动词，如表2所示：
表2
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表3对出现较多的情态动词进行分析：
由表3可以看出，本文多使用情态动词will、would（与will属同类）和must占情态动词总数的67.8%。奥巴马多次使用语气较为温和、态度较为客观的will和would，主要是为了能够在表达自我政治主张的主观意志和意愿时获得听众的接受与支持。奥巴马多次使用语气坚定的must，是为了表达对自己过去政绩的自信和对自己威信的把握，同时也表明了他在施政策略方面坚定的态度和果敢的手段。
2.2 句法层面
句子长度及结构
依据句子长度，句子有长句和短句两种，短句是使用词语少，形体短，结构简单的句子，其特点是表意灵活，简洁明快，节奏感强；长句则与短句相反，表意严密，内容丰富，精确细致。英语中平均句子长度为18.6个单词，该演讲的句长如表4：
由表4可以看出：第一，该演讲词句子较长，平均句长23.8个单词高出了为数18.6个单词的英语平均句。第二，该演讲词主要使用了长句表达，即大于17.6个单词的句子比例超过了一半。长句因其用词较多，表达的内容较为丰富，也使文体效果显得庄重。
句子类型分析
按句子的功能特点，可以讲其分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四种。奥巴马的演讲中共有87个句子，陈述句有85句，比例是97.7%，几乎全部使用陈述句来表达。他以平衡的语调陈述了事实，表达了观点，同时奥巴马使用陈述句表达了美国的政治、经济及外交方面的观点。
句子语态分析
英语中句子可分为主动语态和被动语态两种，被动语态的构成为be+动词的过去分词。被动语态用于：①不知道或者没必要提到动作的执行者时；②强调或者突出动作的承受者时；③调整句子结构时[4]。奥巴马此篇演讲的语态使用中有15个被动态，分别为：
①All men are created equal.
②They are endowed by their Creator.
③Freedom must be secured by His people.
④Through blood drawn by lash and drawn by sword.
⑤All societys ills can be cured through government alone is the fiction.
⑥This generation of Americans has been tested by crises.
⑦We are made for this moment.
⑧Twilight years were spent in poverty.
⑨We dont believe that freedom is reserved for the lucky.
⑩That all of us are created equal.
■Our gay are treated like anyone else under the law.
■We are truly created equal.
■No citizen is forced to wait for hours to exercise the right to vote.
■Bright young students and engineers are enlisted in our workforce.
■Our children are cared for and cherished.
奥巴马在演讲的87个句子中巧妙的运用了15个具有独特语法功能的被动语态。由以上被动态总结，我们可将①、②、③、⑦、⑩、■归为一类，都是美国传统中不言而明的事物理论，如上帝创造人类，故而属于被动语态的第一种情况，不用特意强调动作的执行者。剩下的④、⑤、⑥、⑧、⑨、■、■、■、■归为一类，用来形容美国过去的遭遇、未来法案的确立方向和切实可行的计划，属于被动语态的第二种情况，强调所受遭遇的主人公和确立法案所需保护的对象，突出动作的承受者。强调了施政方针，树立了作为连任总统的个人的决断力与执政力，是总统诉诸人格权威的有效手段。
3 总结
该演讲时长为18分44秒，掌声和欢呼不断响起，是因为他的演讲内容贴合了民众的实情，并做出了切实可行的计划。总之奥巴马的连任演说词能够做到鼓动民众之心，完成对自己决心的表决，回顾美国的历史，展望美国的未来，计划美国的当下，作为政治演说达到了与听众建立良好人际关系，具有说服力、吸引力和鼓动性的目的。
参考文献：
[1]刘世生，朱瑞青.第二次印刷《文体学概论》[M].北京大学出版社.2007年6月.
[2]王宗炎.英汉教学语言学词典[M].湖南教育出版社.1990.
[3]成亚君.林肯葛底斯堡演讲词文体分析[J].外语教学理论与实践，2011（4）.
[4]徐贺艳，成亚君.比尔盖茨在清华大学的演讲文体分析[J].金华职业技术学院学报，2012年4月第12卷第2期.
[5]史菲菲，周晓凤.奥巴马连任就职演说的公众交际性分析[J].长春师范学院学报，2013（5）.
基金项目：
本文系锦州市2013年社会科学重点研究课题《基于西方修辞学辩论理论的英语议论文话语策略分析》的部分研究成果。
作者简介：
篇5：奥巴马芝加哥演讲词
奥巴马开学演讲演讲稿：Now, I’ve given a lot of speeches about education。And I’ve talked about responsibility a lot。I’ve talked about teachers’ responsibility for inspiring students and pushing you to learn。I’ve talked about your parents’ responsibility for making sure you stay on track, and you get your homework done, and don’t spend every waking hour in front of the TV or with the Xbox。I’ve talked a lot about your government’s responsibility for setting high standards, and supporting teachers and principals，and turning around schools that aren’t working, where students aren’t getting the opportunities that they deserve。
But at the end of the day, we can have the most dedicated teachers, the most supportive parents, the best schools in the world--and none of it will make a difference, none of it will matter unless all of you fulfill your responsibilities, unless you show up to those schools, unless you pay attention to those teachers, unless you listen to your parents and grandparents and other adults and put in the hard work it takes to succeed。That’s what I want to focus on today: the responsibility each of you has for your education。
I want to start with the responsibility you have to yourself。Every single one of you has something that you’re good at。Every single one of you has something to offer。And you have a responsibility to yourself to discover what
that is。That’s the opportunity an education can provide。Maybe you could be a great writer--maybe even good enough to write a book or articles in a newspaper--but you might not know it until you write that English paper--that English class paper that’s assigned to you。
Maybe you could be an innovator or an inventor--maybe even good enough to come up with the next iPhone or the new medicine or vaccine--but you might not know it until you do your project for your science class。Maybe you could be a mayor or a senator or a Supreme Court justice--but you might not know that until you join student government or the debate team。And no matter what you want to do with your life, I guarantee that you’ll need an education to do it。You want to be a doctor, or a teacher, or a police officer? You want to be a nurse or an architect, a lawyer or a member of our military?
You’re going to need a good education for every single one of those careers。
You cannot drop out of school and just drop into a good job。You’ve got to train for it and work for it and learn for it。And this isn’t just important for your own life and your own future。What you make of your education will decide nothing less than the future of this country。The future of America depends on you。What you’re learning in school today will determine whether we as a nation can meet our greatest challenges in the future。You’ll need the knowledge and problem-solving skills you learn in science and math to cure diseases like cancer and AIDS, and to develop new energy technologies and protect our environment。
篇6：奥巴马宣誓就职演讲词
——美国第44任总统奥巴马宣誓就职的演讲词
英文：
My fellow citizens:
I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors.I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath.The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace.Yet, every so often the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms.At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because We the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forbearers, and true to our founding documents.So it has been.So it must be with this generation of Americans.That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood.Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred.Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsi
bility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age.Homes have been lost;jobs shed;businesses shuttered.Our health care is too costly;our schools fail too many;and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet.These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics.Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our landthey will be met.On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord.On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics.We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things.The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit;to choose our better history;to carry forward
that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.In reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given.It must be earned.Our journey has never been one of short-cuts or settling for less.It has not been the path for the faint-heartedsome celebrated but more often men and women obscure in their labor, who have carried us up the long, rugged path towards prosperity and freedom.For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life.For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the West;endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth.For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg;Normandy and Khe Sanh.Time and again these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life.They saw America as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions;greater than all the differences of birth or wealth or faction.This is the journey we continue today.We remain the most prosperous, powerful nation on Earth.Our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began.Our minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week or last month or last year.Our capacity remains undiminished.But our time of standing pat, of protecting narrow interests and putting off unpleasant decisions-that time has surely passed.Starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking America.中文：
同胞们：
我今天站在这里，深感面前使命的重大，深谢你们赋予的信任，并铭记我们前辈所付的代价。我感谢布什总统对国家的贡献以及他在整个过渡阶段给予的大度合作。至此，有四十四个美国人发出总统誓言。这些字词曾在蒸蒸日上的繁荣时期和宁静安详的和平年代诵读。但是间或，它们也响彻在阴云密布、风暴降临的时刻。美国能够历经这些时刻而勇往直前，不仅因为当政者具有才干或远见，而且也因为“我们人民”始终坚信我们先辈的理想，对我们的建国理念忠贞不渝。这是过来之路。这是这一代美国的必由之路。我们处于危机之中，这一点已得到充分认识。我国在进行战争，打击分布广泛的暴力和仇恨势力。我们的经济严重衰弱，部分归咎于一些人的贪婪不轨，同时也因为我们作为一个整体，未能痛下决心，让国家作好面对新时代的准备。如今，住房不再，就业减少，商业破产。医疗保健费用过度昂贵；学校质量没有保障；而每一天都在不断显示，我们使用能源的方式在助长敌人的威风，威胁我们的星球。这些是危机的迹象，数据统计将予以证明。不易于衡量然而同样严重的是全国各地受动摇的信心——一种挥之不去的恐惧感，认为美国将不可避免地走下坡路，下一代人不得不放低眼光。今天，我告诉大家，我们面临的挑战真实存在，并且严重而多重。它们不可能在一个短时间内被轻易征服。但是，美国，请记住这句话——它们将被征服。我们今天聚集在这里是因为我们选择希望而不是恐惧，选择齐心协力而不是冲突对立。我们今天在这里宣告，让斤斤计较与虚假承诺就此结束，让窒息我国政治为时太久的相互指责和陈词滥调就此完结。我们仍是一个年轻的国家，但用圣经的话说，现在是抛弃幼稚的时侯了。现在应是我们让永恒的精神发扬光大的时侯，应是选择创造更佳历史业绩的时侯，应是将代代相传的宝贵财富、崇高理想向前发展的时侯：上帝赋予所有人平等、所有人自由和所有人充分追求幸福的机会。在重申我们国家伟大精神的同时，我们懂得，伟大从非天生，而是必须赢得。我们的历程从来不是走捷径或退而求其次的历程。它不是弱者的道路——它不属于好逸恶劳或只图名利享受的人；这条路属于冒险者，实干家，创造者——有些人享有盛名，但大多数是默默无闻耕耘劳作的男女志士，是他们带我们走向通往繁荣和自由的漫长崎岖之路。为了我们，他们打点起贫寒的行装上路，远涉重洋，追求新生活。为了我们，他们在血汗工厂劳作，在西部原野拓荒，忍着鞭笞之痛在坚硬的土地上耕耘。为了我们，他们奔赴疆场，英勇捐躯，长眠于康科德、葛底斯堡、诺曼底和溪山。为了我们能够过上更好的生活，他们前赴后继，历尽艰辛，全力奉献，不辞劳苦，直至双手结起层层老茧。他们看到的美国超越了我们每一个人的雄心壮志，也超越了所有种族、财富或派系的差异。今天，作为后来者，我们踏上了这一未竟的旅程。我们依然是地球上最繁荣、最强大的国家。我们的劳动者的创造力并没有因为眼前的这场危机而减弱。我们的头脑依然像以往那样善于发明创新。我们的产品与服务仍旧像上星期、上个月或去年一样受人欢迎。我们的能力丝毫无损。但是，维持现状、保护狭隘的利益集团、推迟困难的抉择的时代无疑已成为过去。从今天起，我们必须振作起来，扫除我们身上的尘土，重新开启再造美国的事业。无论我们把目光投向何处，都有工作在等待着我们。经济形势要求我们果敢而迅速地行动，我们将不辱使命——不仅要创造新的就业机会，而且要打下新的增长基础。我们将建造道路和桥梁，架设电网，铺设承载我们的商务和把我们紧密相连的电子通讯网络。我们将恢复尊重科学的传统，利用高新技术的超常潜力提高医疗保健质量并降低成本。我们将利用太阳能、风力和地热为车辆和工厂提供能源。我们将改造我们的中小学和高等院校，以应对新时代的挑战。这一切我们都能做到。这一切我们必将做到。现在，有人怀疑我们的雄心壮志——他们说我们的体制不能承受太多的宏伟规划。他们的记忆是短暂的，因为他们忘记了这个国家已经取得的成就，忘记了一旦共同的目标插上理想的翅膀、现实的要求鼓起勇气的风帆，自由的人民就会爆发出无穷的创造力。那些冷眼旁观的人没有认识到他们脚下的大地已经移动——那些长期以来空耗我们的精力的陈腐政治观点已经过时。我们今天提出的问题不是我们的政府太大还是太小，而是它是否行之有效——它是否能够帮助人们找到报酬合理的就业机会，是否能够为他们提供费用适度的医疗保健服务，是否能够确保他们在退休后不失尊严。如果回答是肯定的，我们就要向前推进。如果回答是否定的，计划和项目必须终止。作为公共资金的管理者，我们必须承担责任——明智地使用资金，抛弃坏习惯，在阳光下履行职责——因为只有这样我们才能恢复人民对政府的至关重要的信任。我们提出的问题也不在于市场力量是替天行道还是为虎作伥。市场在生成财富和传播自由方面具有无与伦比的力量，但这场危机提醒我们：没有严格的监督，市场就会失控——如果一个国家仅仅施惠于富裕者，其富裕便不能持久。我们的经济成功从来不是仅仅依赖国内总产值的规模，而是还依赖繁荣的普及，即为每一位愿意致富的人提供机会的能力——不是通过施舍——因为这才是最可靠的共同富裕之路。至于我们的共同防御，我们决不接受安全与理念不可两全的荒谬论点。建国先贤面对我们难以想见的险恶局面，起草了一部保障法治和人权的宪章，一部子孙后代以自己的鲜血使之更加完美的宪章。今天，这些理念仍然照耀着世界，我们不会为一时之利而弃之。因此，对于今天正在观看此情此景的其他各国人民和政府──从最繁华的首都到我父亲出生的小村庄──我们希望他们了解：凡追求和平与尊严的国家以及每一位男人、妇女和儿童，美国是你们的朋友。我们已经做好准备，再一次走在前面。回顾过去，几代人在战胜法西斯主义
时依靠的不仅仅是导弹和坦克，更是牢固的联盟和不渝的信念。他们懂得单凭实力无法保护我们的安全，实力也并不赋予我们随心所欲的权利。相反，他们知道审慎使用实力会使我们更强大；我们的安全源于事业的正义性、典范的感召力、以及谦卑和克制的平衡作用。我们是这一传统的继承者。我们只要从新以这些原则为指导，就能应对那些新威胁，为此必须付出更大的努力──推动国家间更多的合作与理解。我们将开始以负责任的方式把伊拉克移交给伊拉克人民，并在阿富汗巩固来之不易的和平。我们将与多年的朋友和昔日的对手一道不懈地努力，减轻核威胁，扭转全球变暖的厄运。我们不会在价值观念上退缩，也不会动摇捍卫它的决心，对于那些妄图以煽动恐怖和屠杀无辜的手段达到其目的的人，我们现在就告诉你们，我们的意志更加顽强、坚不可摧；你们无法拖垮我们，我们必将战胜你们。因为我们知道，我们百衲而成的传统是一种优势，而不是劣势。我们是一个由基督教徒和穆斯林、犹太教徒和印度教徒、以及无宗教信仰者组成的国家。我们受惠于地球上四面八方每一种语言和文化的影响。由于我们饮过南北战争和种族苦水，走出了那个黑暗时代并变得更加坚强和团结，我们不能不相信昔日的仇恨终有一天会成为过去；部族之间的界线很快会消失；随着世界变得越来越小，我们共同的人性将得到彰显；美国必须为迎来一个和平的新纪元发挥自己的作用。面对穆斯林世界，我们寻求一条新的前进道路，以共同利益和相互尊重为基础。对于世界上那些妄图制造矛盾、将自己社会的弊端归罪于西方的领导人，我们奉劝你们：你们的人民将以你们的建设成就而不是你们的毁灭能力来评判你们。对于那些依靠腐败、欺骗、压制不同意见等手段固守权势的人，我们提醒你们：你们站在了历史错误的一边；但只要你们放弃压迫，我们将伸手相助。对于贫困国家的人民，我们保证同你们并肩努力，为你们的农田带来丰收，让清洁的用水取之不竭；使饥饿的身体得以饱食，使饥渴的心灵受到滋润。对于那些象我们一样比较富裕的国家，我们要说我们再不能对他人的苦难无动于衷，也再不能肆意消耗世界的资源。世界已经改变，我们必须与时俱进。在思索我们面前的道路时，我们怀着崇敬的心情感谢此刻正在偏远的沙漠和山区巡逻的英勇无畏的美国人。他们向我们述说着什么，正如在阿灵顿(Arlington)公墓长眠的阵亡英雄在漫漫岁月中低浅的吟诵。我们崇敬他们，不仅因为他们捍卫着我们的自由，而且因为他们代表着献身精神，体现了超越个人，寻求远大理想的意愿。然而，在这个时刻，这个具有划时代意义的时刻，我们大家必须具备的正是这种精神。虽然政府能有许多作为也必须有许多作为，但最终离不开美国人民的信仰和决心，这便是我国的立国之本。正是因为人们在大堤崩裂时接纳陌生人的关爱之情，正是因为工人们宁愿减少自己的工时而不愿看到朋友失去工作的无私精神，才使我们度过了最暗淡的时光。正是因为消防队员们有勇气冲进浓烟滚滚的楼道，也正是因为做父母的希望培养一个孩子，我们才能决定最后的命运。我们面临的挑战可能前所未闻。我们迎接挑战的方式也可能前所未有。然而，我们赖以成功的价值观──诚实和勤奋、勇气和公平、宽容心和探索精神、忠诚和爱国──均由来以久。这些价值观都是千真万确的。这些价值观是我国整个历史过程中一股无声的进步力量。现在需要的便是重归这些真理。我们现在需要做的是开创负责任的新时代──每一位美国人都需要认识到我们对自己、对国家、对全世界都承担着义务。对于这些义务，我们并非勉强接受，而是心甘情愿主动承担，同时坚信我们为艰巨的使命付出一切，没有任何事可以如此满足我们的道义感，也没有任何事能如此体现我们的特性。这就是公民的义务和承诺。这就是我们自信的来源──认识到上帝呼唤我们在前途不明的情况下掌握自己的命运。这就是我们的自