英国首相布莱尔演讲

2024-05-13

英国首相布莱尔演讲(精选6篇)

篇1:英国首相布莱尔演讲

英国首相布莱尔演讲(4)

I want to speak today about the devastating outbreak of foot and mouth disease, to say what we are doing to control and eradicate it, and how everyone can play their part in ensuring this can be achieved as quickly as possible.The situation is indeed grave for British farming.The funeral pyres of farm animals are the worst nightmare for the livestock farmers.And it is not just the financial loss, massive as that is, which is the cause of so much pain for farmers, the heartbreak also comes from all the hard work and planning, often over many years, that has ended with their animals being slaughtered and burned.This also explains why there is such a tremendous feeling of dread and anxiety throughout farming, an industry which has suffered difficult times in recent years.I want to offer my sympathy to all those farmers whose livestock has been infected.I also promise them and the wider industry that the government will do what it can to help over this very difficult period.I can also reassure all farmers and the general public that everything possible is being done to contain this disease, to eliminate it, and in the longer term to put in place any new controls needed to prevent it happening again.It is why we imposed the total ban on the movement of livestock last Friday, and have placed exclusion areas around the farms affected.It is likely there will be more cases in animals already incubating the disease, but we hope however that the controls that have been put in place will prevent the further spread of the disease.I want too to pay tribute to the tremendous efforts of the State Veterinary Service in identifying, tracing and controlling this disease.But for their work we would now be facing an even bigger problem than we are.I also want to thank the farming and livestock industry itself for the way it has reacted to this crisis, for their advice and their co-operation in putting in place the tough controls needed.Everything we have done has been in full consultation with the National Farmers Union.I can understand too why there may be general concern in the public at large.The scenes of burning carcasses on our farms are disturbing.But it is important to remember that foot and mouth disease has no implications for human health or food.But though we are not at direct risk from this disease, we can play a part, unknowingly, in spreading it.Foot and mouth disease is a highly infectious virus which can be picked up by us on our boots, clothes and cars and carried many miles.By staying away from farmland, by keeping off any footpaths through or next to farms or open land with livestock, we can help the efforts to eradicate this disease.We are giving local authorities today the power to enforce the temporary closure of footpaths and rights of way, but we hope people will voluntarily stay away in any case.Farmers, of course, are not producers of our food simply, they are also guardians of our countryside.Their hard work and dedication has created and protects the countryside we cherish and enjoy visiting.So by staying away from farmland areas, unless we have good reason, we can show our support for farmers in these difficult times and help contain and then eradicate the disease from Britain as soon as possible.Thank you.

篇2:英国首相布莱尔演讲

议长先生、副总统先生、尊敬的国会议员先生们,我为所受到的热情慷慨的欢迎深深感动。坦诚而言,我受之有愧,而且有违常规。

首先,我要最诚挚地感谢你们投票授予我国会金质奖章。但是你们像我一样,知道谁是真正的英雄:那些英勇服役的男女们,你们的和我们的。他们在这次战争中奋斗并仍然处在危险境地。我们给予他们的献词应当以此方式来概括: 向他们和他们的家人证实,他们的奋斗和牺牲不是无谓的。他们的牺牲使后代可以生活在伟大的和平、繁荣和希望之中。(掌声)

让我也表达对布什总统的感激之情。经过自911灾难时刻以来的我们世界的改变,我们成为盟邦和朋友。谢谢您的带领,总统先生。(热烈掌声)

议长先生,先生们,我为获此奖而受宠若惊的心情稍有淡化,唯一原因,是被告知第一个国会金质奖章授予了乔治.华盛顿。如国会所言,表彰他的“机智英勇的运作”,从而把英国人赶出了波士顿(笑声、掌声)。

在我们到这里来的时候,议员富瑞斯特(FRIST)亲切地向我展示1814年战争的交火之地,英国人在那里火烧国会图书馆。我知道道歉有点晚了,但仍要说:对不起。(笑声,掌声,笑声)事实上,你们知道,我的二儿子曾经学习18世纪历史和美国独立战争史,他对我说,“你知道,诺斯勋爵(Lord North, 十八世纪下半叶中期英国首相,美国独立战争的对手。由于美国独立而下台----译者注),爸爸,他就是那个让我们丢了美国的英国首相。所以想想吧,无论你将犯多少错误,都不会比那个错误更糟糕。”(笑声)

恐怖主义威胁世界自由

国会议员们,我对关于今日世界的使命有相当的紧迫感。

9月11日不是一个孤立的事件,而是一个悲剧的序言。在伊拉克的另一行动和许多未来的争斗将在悲剧结束之前, 呈现在这个舞台上。

历史从来没有像今天这样,美国的力量如此必要却如此被误解。或者说, 在普通常识之外,历史的研究没有象今天这样为当前提供如此少的指引。

我们来自尚武好战、强国林立、军力强大、意识形态不同的大陆,我们一度全都诉诸战争。那是争夺领土或金钱的争斗,而且军事规模庞大。战争的统帅是公众人物,结果是决定性的。

今天,我们没有人期待自己的士兵在自己的领土上开战。这个世界上最强大的国家都没有差别地面对直接的威胁。为什么?因为我们都富有而容易失却。因为科技、通讯、贸易和旅行让我们彼此接近。因为过去50年来,类似你们美国和我们英国的国家将自己的产值和生活水平提高了三倍。因为甚至像俄国、中国或印度这样的国家都可以清晰地看到远景,看到未来的财富,并懂得他们正走在通往那里的坚实道路上。因为所有充分珍惜自由的国家,都将绝对捍卫自由,并都不希望践踏他人的自由。

我们从未像今天这样联结在一起。这种联结为我们提供空前的机会,但也使我们极易受攻击。

威胁所以来临,是因为在我们地球的另外一部分存有阴影和黑暗。那里没有自由,那里千百万人在残酷专制下遭受痛苦;那里,我们星球上三分之一的人生活在极度匮乏之中,甚至我们社会可以想象的最贫穷的东西他们也没有;那里极端主义宗教的盲目狂热已经出现,那是伊斯兰教真实而和平信仰的裂变。

由于这种扭曲折磨的化合,一种新的致命病毒浮现。这种病毒就是恐怖主义。它的毁灭意图不受人性情感限制,它的破坏能量被科学技术所放大。

我们的终极武器:自由的信念

这是一场仅以军队无法开战或赢得的战争。比之恐怖分子,我们在所有传统方式方面是如此强大。但是尽管我们集所有力量之大成,我们却惯于谦卑。

归根结底,抵抗这个魔鬼的将不仅是我们的实力。我们终极的武器不是我们的枪杆子,而是我们的信念(长时间的热烈的掌声)。

有一种荒诞的说法:虽然我们爱自由,但别人不爱。认为我们对自由的依恋是我们文化的产物。自由、民主、人权、法治是美国价值或西方价值;而阿富汉妇女满足于塔里班的鞭笞;萨达姆好歹为他的人民所爱戴;米洛舍维齐是塞尔维亚的救主。

议员先生们,我们所拥有的不是西方价值,无论在哪里,它都是人类精神的普遍价值。(掌声)......无论在哪里、在什么时候老百姓拥有机会选择,选择都是相同的:自由,而不是暴政;民主,而不是专政;法治,而不是秘密警察制。

自由的传播对于自由本身而言是最佳安全方式。它是我们防御的底线和进攻的第一线。

正是由于恐怖分子试图以仇恨分裂人类,所以我们必须围绕一个观念结成联盟,这个观念就是自由。(长时间的掌声)我们必须寻求为自由而战的意志和使自由全球化的同道。

亚伯拉罕 林肯说,“那些否认他人自由的人不配拥有自由。”正是这个关于正义的认知产生了自由之爱的道德。

当我们的安全直接受到威胁时,在某种情况下我们求助于武力,在另外情况下我们求助于理性的压力。但所有情况都指向一个终结:我们所追求的自由不是为若干人的而是为全人类的,因为这是在这场奋斗中真正获胜的唯一正确的途径。(掌声)

历史不能宽恕什么?

但是我们首先必须解释面临的危险。

我们的世界依存于秩序。危险则没有秩序。在现今世界,它可以如传染病一样传播。恐怖分子和那些支持恐怖的国家没有强大的军队或精密武器,他们不需要。他们的武器是混乱。

恐怖主义的企图不是任意毁坏的单一行动。它蓄意挑衅,寻求反动:经济崩溃、动摇、仇恨、分裂、消灭宽容,直至社会解体而顺从他们的倒行逆施,符合他们的意志。克什米尔、中东、车臣(Chechnya), 印度尼西亚、非洲,几乎没有人类大陆或国家民族逃脱此难。

风险在于恐怖主义及其国家联合起来发展大规模杀伤性武器。当人们说“这种风险是幻觉”的时候,我说,我们知道塔里班支持艾.凯达(Al Qaida),我们知道萨达姆治下的伊拉克支持恐怖分子并为他们提供避风港。我们知道中东一些国家积极搜寻并支持人们---这些人以神的意志为念---在自杀行为中胁迫众多无辜生命走上他们的末日审判之路。其中一些国家正在拼命试图获得原子武器。我们知道一些公司和个人与专家一起将这些武器出售给高价买主;我们知道至少有一个国家,北韩,让人民忍饥挨饿,却花数十亿美元发展原子武器、输出有关技术。

这不是幻觉,这是21世纪的现实。我们目前被迫面对的现实。(掌声)

我们能否确定恐怖主义和大规模杀伤武器合而为一?让我们这么说:如果我们错了,我们将粉碎一种威胁,这至少是对野蛮屠杀和苦难的负责反应。我自信,历史会为此宽恕我们(掌声)。

但是如果批评家们错了,如果我们对了,---就如我每根神经纤维本能确 认并深信不疑的那样我们对了----我们却不采取行动,我们就会在应当采取

行动时,面对危机而犹豫不决。而这,将是历史不能宽恕的(长时间的热烈掌声)。

重审外交观念,重组外交格局

但是恰恰由于威胁始临,它不明显。我们关于如何行动、何时行动的概念被颠覆了,这种颠覆它跨越了许多国家疆界。所以,恰恰由于它重新定义我们的安全观念,我们也必须审查我们的外交观念。

在国际政治中,再也没有比应当平衡美国与其它竞争对手国家之间的力量这种理论更加危险的理论了;不同的磁场周围聚集不同的国家。这种理论也许可以解释19世纪的欧洲。那是当时的必然形势。今天,抛出传统的安全理论是一个过时的错误。它同时是危险的,因为面对共同遭受威胁的事实,我们需要的是合作而不是竞争,我们需要共同意志和共同的决断。

欧州转变的可能,东欧国家的作用

我确信任何联盟必须从美国和欧洲开始。如果欧洲和美国联合,其它国家将和我们携手努力。如果我们分裂,其它民族将自行其是,摈弃我们,这样做只有灾难性后果。

你们也许认为经过近来的争论,上述结局可能兑现。但是欧洲的争论已经开始。永远不要忘记,伊拉克显示许多欧洲国家支持我们的行动。而且当那些国家不同意联合国1483号伊拉克重建决议的时候,这种支持依然如此。

今天,德国军人进驻阿富汗,法国士兵进驻刚果,他们在那里维持和平,制止屠杀。所以我们不应小视这种不同,但我们也不应为此而困惑。

你们知道,上个月,当欧洲,比方说,小有紧张的时候,人们问我,“为什么你坚持把不合格的英国弄到欧洲中心来?”我说,“啊,如果大不列颠英国是距离曼哈顿20英里远的一个岛国,我也许感觉不同。但事实上,我们距加来(Calais,法国北部海港城市—译者)20英里,而且跟它隧道相连。”

我们是欧洲的一部分。我们希望如此。但是我们也希望是变化中的欧洲的一部分。

欧洲有一个潜在的弱点。数种原因,十分明显,大约一千年以来,我们相互杀戮,死者众多。欧洲政治文化不可避免地、正确地建立在妥协之上。妥协是好事,除非有幻觉。但是我不相信你可以跟这个新型的恐怖主义妥协。(掌声)

但是欧洲有一个优势。它是一个了不起的政治成就。回顾过去,想想今日的联合。想想它甚至正在准备向土耳其这样一个文化、传统、宗教全然不同的国家伸出手臂,欢迎它并接纳它。

但是我真正想说的是:目前欧洲正处在变革环节中。明年,10个国家将加入进来。罗马尼亚和保加利亚将步其后尘。为什么这些新的欧洲成员国会使欧洲转化?因为他们伤口犹在,记忆犹新,他们仍旧热烈拥抱自由而不是已经习惯了自由。

他们相信大西洋彼岸的联盟。他们支持经济改革。他们企盼一个多民族的欧洲而不是一个超级国家。他们是我们的同盟,也是你们的同盟。所以,不要放弃欧洲。与它携手努力(掌声)。

欧洲必须反“反美主义”,安理会应当改组

作为一个严肃的伙伴,欧洲必须开始并且击败愚蠢的反美主义。这种主义有时候被看作是它的政治说教。美国必须做的是,展现自己是一个建立在说服基础上而非命令基础上的同伴(掌声)。

这样我们世界其他伟大民族和弱小民族就将聚集起来而不是一盘散沙。他们就将认同我们对威胁的理解。联合国将会变得名至实归:不仅仅是一个展开争论的工具,也是一个付诸行动的手段。

安理会应当改组。我们需要一个新的国际政体,以便防止核武器和大规模杀伤性武器的扩散(掌声)。

我们需要对联合国成员国清楚地说明:“如果你对这个系统承担义务却挑战联合国宪章,粗暴地践踏人权,你就不能期待象遵守联合国宪章的国家一样,享有他们所享有的同样权利。”(热烈掌声)

我相信,不是联合决定我们的使命,而是使命决定我们的联合。但是让我们首先选择联合,如果必要,再单独行动,舍此无它。

确然:以这种方式不易赢得战争,但是容易赢得和平。(掌声)

实现民主承诺,推进永久和平

我们必须战争与和平双赢。

你们在这方面有非凡的记录。二战后,是谁帮助日本更新?或者德国重建?或者欧洲再次挺立?美国。

所以当我们入侵阿富汗或伊拉克时,我们的责任没有随着军事上的胜利而完结。(掌声)

结束这场战斗不等于结束这次任务。

所以,如果阿富汗人需要国际社会提供更多军队维持喀布尔外围的治安,我们的义务是把军队送来。(掌声)

让我们帮助他们根除他们对罂粟的依赖,这种作物的恶劣的残余出现在英国街头,如同海洛因一样损害英国年轻人的生命。正向阿富汗人的丰收损害了他们自己的生命。

我们允诺伊拉克一个民主政府。我们将交付这个政府。(长时间的掌声)

我们应允他们用他们自己的石油财富为他们的全体公民,而不是腐败的精英,建立繁荣的机会,我们将兑现诺言。我们将和这些需要我们帮助的民众在一起,直到完成我们的任务。(掌声)然后反思:当这些不成功的国家正在和持续地从恐怖政权向繁荣国家转型、从专制政体向民主典范转型、从骚乱的源泉向稳定的灯塔转型的时候,有关“美国帝国主义”的指控是何等空洞!如果世界看到这些穆斯林民族依旧是穆斯林,但是却拥有了未来的希望,没有了假装保护穆斯林却使他们大量受难的残酷政权的桎梏,----如果世界看到这一点,那么关于这场战争是对穆斯林战争的说法将是何等可笑!(长时间的掌声)

对于自由的价值而言,这将我们能够想象的最有利于观察的广告。当我们铲除塔里班和萨达姆侯赛因的时候,这不是帝国主义。对于那些受压迫的人民来说,这是他们的解放。

打跨恐怖主义,改变中东格局

为什么恐怖分子在穆斯林世界甚至可以发动一场争论,说这不是他们的解放?因为恐怖统治把握了一个理由,一个他们并不信奉但可以操纵利用的理由。我想非常明白简单地说:没有中东地区以色列和巴勒斯坦之间的和平,恐怖主义不会被打垮。(掌声)

这里是孵化毒素的地方。这里,极端主义者能够搅乱数量巨大的人群的心智,以便服务于巴勒斯坦国并诋毁以色列,而且进一步将此转嫁成为东方与西方之间,穆斯林、犹太教徒和基督徒之间的一场战争。

我们永远不能以色列的国家安全做妥协。(掌声)以色列国应当获得整个阿拉伯世界的认同。惯于灌输给孩子的、既攻击以色列,也攻击犹太教徒的卑鄙宣传,必须终止。(掌声)

你不能先教人们憎恨,然后要求他们实践和平。但是你也不能教人们和平,却不尊重他们,不给他们希望。(掌声)无辜的以色列人遭受苦难。巴勒斯坦人同样遭受苦难。

伊拉克的萨达姆政权的结束必然是中东重新组合的起点:伊拉克,自由而稳定;伊朗和叙利亚,援助暴力歹徒,他们应当明白,世界将不再迁就他们。唯有彻底改恶从善,才能获得友谊。果真如此,友谊之手将向他们和他们的人民而伸出。整个地区将在帮助下走向民主。作为民主的总体象征,一个独立、自治而民主的巴勒斯坦人的国家将与以色列国并肩而立。(掌声)

总统目前在中东所作所为,艰难而正确。

在这一点上,为我们把和平带给北爱尔兰的尝试,让我感谢总统的支持,感谢他之前的克林顿总统的支持,感谢在座国会议员们所提供的支持。(掌声)

你们知道,关于和平的进程,我学到一件事:总有沮丧,常有苦恼,并且偶尔看似无望。但无论如何,推动和平比不推动它好。

实行经济援助,开展自由贸易

为什么一个巴勒斯坦解决方案引起如此强烈的遍及世界的兴趣?因为它具体化为一种可操作的走向公正的途径。就象你们总统提议、你们国会支持的,追加一百五十亿美元费用,帮助世界上最贫穷国家防治免疫系统/爱滋病毒一样,它是一个关注的表示,立即在世界各地获得回声。

没有公正就没有非洲的自由;没有对非洲贫穷、疾病和饥馑的宣战,就没有公正。这种宣战的决心正如我们铲除暴君和恐怖主义分子的决心一样坚定。(掌声)

9月份在墨西哥,世界应该团结起来实施贸易圈,打开我们的市场。我是为了自由贸易,我告诉你为什么:因为我们不能对世界上最贫困的人们说,“我们希望你们自由,但就是不准备在我们的市场卖你们的产品。”(掌声)

因为自从世界打开大门,繁荣昌盛紧随其后。而这种繁荣昌盛也必须拥有一个可以持久的环境。(掌声)

你们知道,我记得在我们最早的一次国际会议上,一个欧洲总理告诉布什总统,解决方案相当简单:把美国的汽油税加一倍。(笑声)

你们的总统意味深长地看了他一眼。(笑声)这使我想起20世纪早期我的党的第一位领袖,基尔 哈迪(Keir Hardy)......(此处删节关于哈迪与潘克赫斯特(Pankhursts)就妇女投票问题的一段历史回顾----译者)

但是坦白说,我们需要到远方的京都(曾是日本古都)去,我们需要依靠科学和技术。

气候改变,森林砍伐,我们不能忽略对自然资源的贪婪采掘。这些未加限制的破坏将阻碍经济的发展,首先影响最易受伤害的国家,最终波及所有国家。所以我们必须展示给世界,我们愿意迎接环绕世界的和来自自家后院的挑战(掌声)。

自由是人类价值,美国不必道歉

国会议员们,如果恐怖与大规模杀伤武器的威胁看起来漫长持久,只需要再说一次:没有全球人类团结一心,世界安全就没有保障。所以,美国不仅要带领,美国也必须倾听。

但是,议员先生们,永远不要为你们的价值而道歉(热烈掌声)。

告诉世界为什么你们为美国而自豪。

告诉他们,当星条旗开始飘扬的时候,美国站了起来:西班牙人、爱尔兰人、中欧人、东欧人、犹太人、穆斯林人、白人、亚洲人、黑人,那些早年到此定居的、英语跟某些我接触过的纽约出租车司机一个水平的人,但是他们的儿子女儿可以竞选国会议员。

告诉他们,为什么美国人,一个人乃至全体,笔直挺立而且谦恭有理。不是因为某些国家官员告诉他们这样做,而是因为无论他们属于什么种族、肤色、阶层或职业,做一个美国人就意味着自由。

这就是他们自豪的理由。(长时间的热烈的掌声,欢呼声)

美国历史使命:留赠世界自由之光

如同英国人所知,一切伟大的能量似乎都一度无可战胜,但事实上那是短暂的。问题是,你在身后留下了什么?

你们能够留赠给这个焦渴世界的,是自由之光。

这就是这次对恐怖组织或国家奋力抗争的意义。尽管我们希望这个世界是一个美国能够与之轻松相处的世界,但是我们并非为赢得独裁而战,我们并非为一个美国的世界而战。我们并非为基督教而战,我们仅仅是反对一切种类的宗教狂热。

这不是一场文明之间的战争,因为每一种文明都有独特能力丰富人类遗产的宝库。我们是为人类不可剥夺的权利而战,为黑人或白人、基督徒或非基督徒、左派、右派,乃至百万不同的人的自由权利而战。自由:在爱和希望中养育家庭的自由、生存并由自己努力获得酬劳的自由、不在恐惧中向任何人下跪的自由、做你自己---在不侵犯别人自由的情况下做你自己的自由。

这就是我们战斗的理由。这是一场值得为之奋斗的抗争。

我知道这在美国并不易。在这个广袤大地的一些小角落,内华达州(Nevada)或者爱达荷州(Idaho)或一些我从来没有去过但总想光顾地方(笑声),我知道在那里有一个伙计过着自己的日子,全然幸福逍遥,自我关照自己生意,对你们,你们这些本国政治领袖说,“为什么是我?为什么是我们?而且为什么是美国?”

唯一的回答是,“因为命运把你们放在了历史的这个位置、时间长河中的一时刻,把这样的任务交给你们完成。”(长时间的热烈的掌声、呼声)

英国将支持美国为自由而战

我们的任务----我的国民看这你们发展,你们过去孤军奋战,现在我们并肩作战。在这个共同体中,我们为我们的联盟和伟大友情倍感骄傲----我们的任务就是跟你们在一起。(掌声)你们将不孤独。(热烈掌声)我们将跟你们在一起,(热烈掌声中断讲演)为自由而战。(热烈掌声)我们将跟你们在一起,为自由而战。

如果我们的正念正行并且勇敢坚定,世界将跟我们在一起。

谢谢你们。(经久不息的掌声)

篇3:英国首相布莱尔演讲

Fairclough的三维分析模式为批评性语篇分析在实践上提供了相对全面的分析步骤, 常被作为语篇的批判性分析框架。本文就是采用Fairclough的描述、阐释和解释的三维模式对英国首相卡梅伦挽留苏格兰的演讲进行分析, 展现了卡梅伦如何在苏格兰公投前声情并茂地发表演讲, 将苏格兰从分裂的边缘拉回到大不列颠联合王国的演讲策略。

一、演讲材料与背景

苏格兰政府计划于2014年9月18日举行了一场公投, 目的是让苏格兰选民决定是否从英国独立。对于卡梅伦和整个英国来说, 这无疑是一个艰难的时刻。距离苏格兰独立公投仅有三天之际, 卡梅伦飞赴苏格兰, 呼吁选民在18日的独立公投中投反对票。卡梅伦在苏格兰阿伯丁发表演讲时, 情绪激动, 数次哽咽。他动情呼吁苏格兰人不要和英国“离婚”, 呼吁苏格兰人民拯救联合王国。这次演讲, 是向苏格兰民众做最后的挽留。联合王国存在的意义在于国家统一。如果国家分裂了, 受挫的将不仅仅是国人的自尊, 还将减弱英国作为一个国家在国际舞台上的影响力。

二、演讲分析

政治演讲是政治家针对国家的内政事务或外交关系表明立场、阐明观点、宣传主张的一种演说, 语言学界对政治演讲的研究从未间断过。政治家通过有声语言和体态语言发表演讲, 目的在于把观点、主张与思想感情传达给听众, 使他们信服并在思想感情上产生共鸣。政治家发表演讲时使用的语言是实现上述目的重要途径, 不同的语言手段蕴含或表明政治家的立场和观点, 从而起到宣传、鼓动和教育的作用。 (王静, 2012:37)

(一) 描述

描述是批评性语篇分析的第一步, 主要是运用语言学的研究方法, 就语篇本身的语言特征进行描述, 以揭示语篇中隐含的意识形态领域的控制和统治的关系。 (黎金娥, 2012:80)

1. 人称代词。

人称代词体现人际关系, 它的选择会受到交际双方社会地位、权力关系和亲疏程度的限制。政治语篇中人称代词的选取往往由演讲者的意图所决定, 所以通过对人称代词的分析可以发现演讲者的意图、对听众的态度以及隐藏在语篇背后的意识形态和权力关系。在这篇演讲中, 卡梅伦大量使用第一人称复数形式进行演讲。从语用角度讲, 第一人称代词复数有外排 (exclusive) 和内包 (inclusive) 两种用法, 演讲中出现的大都属于内包性的, 代表包括苏格兰人民在内的全体英国人, 缩短了苏格兰人民和其他大不列颠人民的距离, 给人一种团结、不可分离的感觉。

通过表1可以看出, 卡梅伦大量使用了内包的人称代词we、our、us, 这里代表全体英国人, 表明了全体英国人民和苏格兰人民是密不可分的一家人, 大不列颠土地上的一切为包括苏格兰人民在内的所有英国人民所共有。如:“our family of nations”“our army”“our country”“our values”“our economic might”“our pension funds”……

用第二人称you和your指代苏格兰人, 暗示一旦苏格兰人民投票赞成独立, 大家从此就要分道扬镳了。如:“your credit card”“your life”“your economy”“your businesses”……

第一人称代词I具有外排性, 突显首相此次演讲代表个人向苏格兰人民发出最后的呼声, 呼吁苏格兰人民谨慎选择适合苏格兰发展的道路。如:“If you don't like me–I won't be here forever”, 这是卡梅伦演讲中比较经典的句子, 是卡梅伦发自肺腑的劝诫之言, 提醒苏格兰人民顾全大局, 不要因为讨厌他而放弃整个国家。

2. 情态动词。

情态系统是话语中实现人际意义的重要手段。“考察语篇的情态系统主要有两个目的: (a) 弄清说话者对话语命题真实性所承担的责任程度和对未来行为做出的承诺和承担的义务; (b) 理解说话者对听话者和情景成分的态度, 说话者与听话者之间的社会距离和权力关系等” (辛斌, 2007:75) 。在英语里, 情态动词、情态形容词、情态副词等都可以表达情态意义。本文主要讨论情态动词。Halliday给情态类型赋予了不同的值, 将其就“概率”“频率”“义务”“意愿”等划分为不同的层级。就情态动词而言, 我们根据其意义的强弱进行归类, 情态动词must和have to表达意义最强烈, 因而量值最高;will、would、should、could等表达意义较弱, 因而量值较低。从整篇演讲情态动词出现的频率来看, 量值较低的情态动词出现多达39次, 表明卡梅伦意在提醒苏格兰民众:独立与否, 决定权在苏格兰人民手中。如果人民在公投中投反对票, 苏格兰将继续留在大不列颠联合王国中;如果人民赞成独立, 大不列颠就将分裂, 人民的生活也会受到极大的影响。

(1) It would mean-for any banks that remain in Scotland–if they ever got in trouble it would be Scottish taxpayers and Scottish taxpayers alone that would bear the costs.It would mean that we no longer pool resources across the whole of the UK to pay for institutions like the NHS or our welfare system.

在所有的情态动词中, would出现的次数最多, 占所有情态动词出现次数的51%, would委婉表达未来可能发生的变化。可见, 卡梅伦通过呈现苏格兰独立的后果提醒苏格兰人民, 苏格兰的未来完全取决于苏格兰人民, 要谨慎对待公投, 谨慎投票。

(2) And we must be very clear.There's no going back from this.No re-run.This is a once-and-for-all decision.

在政治演讲中, 政治家们为了强调自己的权威, 号召听众按其意愿行事, 有时会使用高量值的情态动词。 (陈丽萍, 2010:14) 量值高的情态动词must在这篇演讲中出现的频率较低, 说明卡梅伦已经降低了自己的权威, 以一种亲和的姿态劝说苏格兰民众不要在公投中投赞成票, 否则联合王国将分裂, 大家将分道扬镳。苏格兰脱离英国不是一时的, 而是覆水难收的永别。

3. 句式结构。

在这篇演讲中, 卡梅伦大量使用了排比句, 达到一种加强语势的效果。排比是一种把结构相同或相似、意思密切相关、语气一致的词语或句子成串排列的修辞方法。用排比来说理, 可以收到条理分明的效果, 而且排比具有极强的说服力, 能增强表达效果和气势。

(3) It would mean the automatic support that you currently get from British embassies when you're traveling around the world would come to an end.It would mean over half of Scottish mortgages suddenly, from one day to the next, being provided by banks in a foreign country.It would mean……

(3) 是由九句“It would mean……”组成的排比句, 卡梅伦将苏格兰独立后可能面临的后果和盘托出, 意在提醒苏格兰民众不要做出错误的选择, 酿成不可掌控的后果。选择什么样的道路由苏格兰人民自己决定, 可是一旦选择了将无法更改, 苏格兰人民要对自己和子孙后代负责, 承担不可估量的后果。

(二) 阐释

阐释是语篇分析的中间步骤, 主要是将语篇本身的语言与语篇参与者相联系, 分析语篇参与者在语篇生成过程中有不同的目的作用和结果。 (王玮, 2010:131) 在卡梅伦的演讲中, 涉及的对象是苏格兰全体民众。在语篇生成过程中, 卡梅伦扮演了多个角色。他既是英国首相, 也是民众中的一员, 又是代表英格兰、威尔士、北爱尔兰人民去劝说苏格兰人民留在联合王国中的领导者。

(4) And as Prime Minister I have to tell you what that would mean.It would mean we no longer share the same currency.It would mean the armed forces we have built up together over centuries being split up forever.It would mean……

作为首相, 卡梅伦有责任也有义务为维护英国统一做出自己最大的努力, 因为首相的职责之一就是维护国家统一。所以在演讲中, 卡梅伦将独立与否的利害关系告知苏格兰民众。苏格兰独立后将不可以继续使用英镑作为货币, 军事力量也将受到削弱。卡梅伦的演讲, 可以说是极其细致全面的。

(5) To warn of the consequences is not to scare-monger it is like warning a friend about a decision they might take that will affect the rest of their lives-and the lives of their children.I say all this because I don't want the people of Scotland to be sold a dream that disappears.

作为普通民众的一员, 卡梅伦也有义务维护祖国统一, 在苏格兰要独立之际贡献自己的一份力量。演讲中卡梅伦使用“friend”一词, 以朋友的身份, 以一种亲和的口吻、诚恳的态度发表演讲, 劝诫苏格兰民众不要离开联合王国, 离开就无法再回来。演讲中, 他多次使用第一人称I, 表明自己是作为大众之一而非政府来澄清立场, 拉近了与苏格兰人民的距离。也多次使用“we、our、us”等第一人称复数来指代全体英国人民, 表明苏格兰人民与其他联合王国人民是一体的, 希望苏格兰人民留下来。

(6) Utterly heart-broken to wake up on Friday morning to the end of the country we love, to know that Scots would no longer join with the English, Welsh and Northern Irish in our Army, Navy and Air Force, or in our UK-wide celebrations and commemorations, or in UK sporting teams from the Olympics to the British Lions.

作为代表除苏格兰人民外其他联合王国人民的领导者, 卡梅伦更是要避免历史悲剧的上演, 防止国家分裂的发生。1707年英格兰与苏格兰合并, 1801年又与爱尔兰合并, 自此联合王国统一。如果公投通过, 苏格兰将于2016年3月24日脱离英国, 成为一个独立的国家, 联合王国就将分裂, 这是所有英国人民所不愿看到的, 所以一定要竭尽所能留住苏格兰。

(三) 解释

解释交际过程和它的社会环境之间的关系, 联系相关的历史和社会背景, 再现社会控制和语篇结果之间的相互作用, 是语篇分析的最后一步。

1707年, 苏格兰根据《联合法案》与英格兰合并, 正式成为大不列颠王国的一部分。长期以来, 苏格兰人民一直有着强烈的民族认同感, 独立的呼声从未停止, 自治斗争也从未间断。2012年10月15日, 首相卡梅伦同苏格兰首席大臣萨蒙德在爱丁堡签署协议, 同意苏格兰于2014年正式举行公投, 让苏格兰人民自主决定是否脱离英国。一旦公投结果为赞成独立, 苏格兰将于2016年3月正式独立。如果苏格兰离开英国, 英国将失去近三分之一的国土面积和近十分之一的人口, 需耗费巨资撤走位于苏格兰的核设施, 重新部署核武器系统;长期以来, 苏格兰一直是欧洲绿色能源的主要来源地之一, 该地区提供了欧洲四分之一的风电及潮汐电力, 这些能源将不再属于英国。苏格兰独立以后, 英国经济总量的全球排名也将从目前的第六名滑落至第七名。

在苏格兰即将举行公投之际, 为挽救危局, 英国三大主要政党抛开政治分歧, 紧急组成“统一战线”。同时, 联合执政的保守党、自由民主党和反对党工党也承诺, 只要苏格兰不独立, 将给予苏格兰更大自治权。在卡梅伦的演讲中, 他充分利用了英伦英语的严谨和优雅, 竭尽全力劝说苏格兰继续留在英国, 呼吁苏格兰民众在独立公投中投下反对票, 称“Independence would not be a trial separation, it would be a painful divorce.”“If Scotland votes yes, the UK will split, and we will go our separate ways forever”。卡梅伦的演讲温和且句句入心, 演讲中他几近哽咽, 相信也打动了不少苏格兰民众的心。卡梅伦也一再强调苏格兰对英国的重要性, 称“It's only become Great Britain because of the greatness of Scotland”, 并承诺如果苏格兰选择继续留在英国, 政府将兑现对苏格兰下放更多自治权力的承诺, 还把英格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰也考虑进来。演讲时, 卡梅伦的贵族气质和绅士风度一览无余, 感动了苏格兰人民, 也感动了全世界。

三、结语

本文基于Faircough的三维分析模式, 通过对卡梅伦挽留苏格兰的演讲文本进行分析, 展示了卡梅伦令人折服的用词选择和高超的演说技巧。卡梅伦发表这篇演讲后的第三天, 也就是9月18日, 苏格兰如期举行了公投。19日, 苏格兰公投结果公布, 55%选民投下反对票, 对独立说“不”, 苏格兰继续留在大不列颠, 英国将保持统一。苏格兰公投的和平解决, 为世界提供了启示:政治问题不一定要通过武力来解决, 真诚对话、平等协商同样可以解决问题。公投结束了, 苏格兰赢得了自由选择的尊严, 英国也避免了国家分裂。苏格兰能够继续留在联合王国中, 卡梅伦功不可没。他充分利用自己独特的个人魅力和出色的演讲技巧, 与全体英格兰、威尔士、北爱尔兰的民一起将苏格兰从分裂的边缘拉回来。

参考文献

[1]陈丽萍.政治演讲语篇中情态动词的人际意义探讨[J].语文学刊·外语教育教学, 2010 (09) :13-15.

[2]黎金娥, 吕梦.语篇与意识形态[J].高等函授学报 (哲学社会科学版) , 2012, 27 (12) :80-82.

[3]廖益清.批评视野中的语言研究[J].山东外语教学, 1999 (02) :1-5.

[4]王静.卡梅伦就职演讲的批评性语篇分析[J].天津外国语大学学报, 2012, 19 (04) :37-40.

[5]王玮.关于奥巴马总统就墨西哥漏油事件的电视讲话的批判性语篇分析[J].文学界 (理论版) , 2010:130-131.

篇4:英国首相布莱尔演讲

9月4日,即《旅程》面世的第四天,布莱尔在爱尔兰首都都柏林的某家书店举行了首场签售会。现场约有300名读者慕名而来,希望在回忆录扉页上留下偶像亲笔书写的名字。另外还有200名反战人士则用鸡蛋、水瓶和鞋子向布莱尔表达了他们的“热情”。对于表情远比言辞有魅力的布莱尔来说,这点骚乱的确不算什么,他从容不追地为书迷们签完了名,又从容不迫地用微笑撵走他们的惊慌,最后连书店隔壁被迫关闭自家商铺4小时的老太太都不知不觉原谅了这位笑容可掬的“罪魁祸首”。也难怪布莱尔会在回忆录中自信满满地宣称:“在我书里记述的许多事件中,并没有出现政治人物,并非他们无关紧要,而是因为他们只是我精彩故事的一部分,而非主角。”是的,托尼布莱尔的人生一直都是以“我”为中心展开的,当你看见整个世界都匍匐在这个男人脚下时,他才不过刚刚为你开启了一扇窥探的窗。

目前,《旅程》正以“最伦敦”的脸孔占据着亚马逊网站英国畅销书排行榜的冠军宝座,用不到一天的时间就击败了英国前工商大臣曼德尔森回忆录前3周的销量。在书中的每个故事都忙着向布莱尔“致敬”的当儿,人们对这本回忆录的兴趣也逐日飙升,这正完美地契合了他当初的预想。

曾与“EQ零蛋”布朗“如胶似漆”

他们曾是最亲密无间的战友,也是最水火不容的敌人,没有动过刀枪却干过无数嘴仗,亲身验证了“相亲相杀”这条恒久不破的真理。

比起在位时民望日渐下滑、卸任时没有一个朋友的布莱尔,英国民众更乐意接近他曾经的老友兼死对头戈登布朗。虽说布朗会像一头头部受伤的熊一样和别人吹眉瞪眼,但大家反而觉得这是他心无城府的表现,所以当布莱尔在回忆录中断言“让布朗执政,是一场永远不会有作为的‘灾难’”时,你可以想象有多少张脸对着摊开的书页啼笑皆非。

通过布莱尔的讲述版本,人们发现他与前首相布朗的关系曾经“如胶似漆”,他们曾共用一个办公室,共同对付妄图拆散他们的政敌。但随着工党党魁史密斯的逝世,“二布”开始为争夺党魁位置而交恶。2003年,时任财政大臣的布朗就伊拉克战争开支一事与布莱尔大唱反调,布莱尔则干脆撕破此前双方定下的君子协议,拒绝交出相位。2006年,布朗在电视台抖出的工党政府卖爵丑闻曾一度把布菜尔逼入了死胡同,他确信这个令他疯狂又难搞的男人随时随地都想搅他的局,而他只能在一次又一次的招架中把自己打造成法国波尔多一级酒庄的葡萄酒桶,

“我发现酒精能让身体放松,能够缓解压力,还能让一个无聊的夜晚变得可以忍受”。等到布莱尔终于忍无可忍的今天,他以文字痛快淋漓地声讨布朗,说他“政治计算,有,政治感,没有。分析智能,棒极了;情商,零蛋”。

在新书附言中,布莱尔将工党在今年选举中的失利归咎于布朗策略上的改变,明确表示布朗不是适合处理现代政治的政治家。看来布莱尔会一辈子耿耿于怀老友对自己造成的伤害,哪怕人们都说人身攻击只会令布莱尔得不偿失。

献给小布什的超长“情书”

与对待布朗的态度截然相反布莱尔在回忆录里几乎用上了所有能想出的漂亮词语来美化小布什,好让全世界都读到这封热情洋溢的超长‘情书”。

若说布莱尔是小布什的忠实粉丝,恐怕一点也不为过。在这本700多页的回忆录中,布莱尔不惜笔墨对小布什大加颂扬,称他是世界上唯一有“勇气和决心”与本·拉登领导的基地组织较量的政治家,他的力量与信念令自己倾倒,他的聪明过人和高瞻远瞩则驯服了自己那颗桀骜的心。全英国人都知道,布莱尔喜欢将美式理想主义运用于政事处理,并不顾民怨地追随小布什将军队开上伊拉克的土地。他在书中洋洋洒洒地为自己辩护道:“我知道你们中有些人要求我为伊拉克问题道歉。但当你有可能面临战争罪指控时,问题就没有这么简单了。要知道,我感到每次士兵的牺牲都如同子弹刺穿我的身体,留下伤痕……不管你信不信,准确地讲,并不是一开始我就有计划参战的。在那位美国政治家小布什打电话给我时,我才第一次得知战事爆发,这家伙,我们的大思想家对我说美军正在开进!”

布菜尔坚信这场历时7年、夺去了179名英军士兵生命的战争是正确的,而他能想到的最大补偿就是将出版回忆录所获的全部收入捐赠给英国最大军方慈善机构“皇家英国退伍军人协会”,以便为在战争中受重伤的退伍军人提供帮助。布莱尔的漫不经心惹恼了本就愤怒的死者家属和部分反战人士,他们纷纷跳出来斥责他用“鳄鱼的眼泪”和“沾满血污的钱”赚取世人同情,而且假使他对当年支持美国出兵伊拉克一事稍有悔意,就绝不敢说“我现在仍是个普通人,尽管我成了千万富翁,并把中东搞了个底朝天!”

这位精明的前首相当然明白国内有多少双眼睛不待见自己,于是他“班师”美利坚,自9月13日起在美国展开《旅程》的巡回宣传活动,老家英国只举办一场新书签售会,接受一次英国广播公司的专访。新书宣传期间,他还前往费城领取“自由奖章”,一点也不担心都柏林的“鸡蛋大战”会历史重演。

总有一些文字留给人民永远的王妃

在关于戴妃形形色色的评价中,唯有布莱尔用了两个独特的形容词,“固执”和“情绪化”,而这也的确是对戴妃最中肯的描述。

意外的早逝把戴安娜塑造成一则不败的传说,即使心高气傲如布莱尔,也没法在回忆录中绕过关于她的那些斑斓的情节。布莱尔在书中回忆说,1997年7月,刚刚登上相位两个月的他在英国首相的乡间别墅与戴安娜会面。当时,他从戴妃的言谈中敏锐地觉察到她与情人多迪法耶德的关系不太对劲,便试着询问详情,不料戴妃无论如何都不愿谈论自己的感情生活,他只得识趣地转移了话题。咽下软钉子的布莱尔事后回想她“生气中流露的倔强神情”,惊喜地发现“我和戴安娜都是会操控别人的人,我们擅长掌握他人的情感”。

8月最后一天的凌晨2点,布莱尔在尖锐的电话铃声中得知戴安娜遭遇车祸重伤的消息,心中立刻升起不祥之感,果然两小时后,他接到戴妃去世的噩耗。虽说事发突然,布莱尔却没有手脚慌乱,他迅速下达指示:必须在最短时间内控制形势并正确疏导民众情绪,他自己则连夜同新闻秘书康贝尔赶工,在一只信封背面炮制出了题为“人民的王妃”的著名演说辞。接下来,布莱尔又间接通过查尔斯王子建议女王伊丽莎白二世针对戴妃过世一事发表公开评论,他很清楚民众铺天盖地的悲伤如果遭遇王室的冷漠应对会被催化成怎样一种强大的怨念,而这种怨念足以塞满王宫天花板的每条缝隙。幸运的是,女王伊丽莎白二世虽有些恼怒自己竟要被区区一任首相指点着做这做那,但最终仍接受了布莱尔的建议。

这些内幕都让书页这头的读者津津有味,而这年头,没几个爆料点的书还真是无法在多如牛毛的新作中突围而出。深谙为政和为商之道的布莱尔对这个尺度拿捏之准,可非一般作者所能及。

不久之前,为了替《旅程》做促销宣传,出版商哈钦森提前录制了一系列对布莱尔的采访,并打算逐步“入侵”各大媒体,掀起一场“布莱尔飓风”,而这正是布莱尔所期望的,他要让全世界看到,他的“旅程”尚未结束,它还会继续,而一旦自己登上这个准备充分的舞台,台下的世界将再次在他意味深长的笑容面前俯首称臣。

篇5:英国首相梅姨演讲感言全文

This United Nations was formed because leaders across the world knew that they could only deliver security for their citizens at home if they could cooperate, as a community of nations, to deliver security across the globe.

Some of the threats that we face together today are familiar to those founding leaders: war, political instability, abuses of human rights and poverty.

Others are new: global terrorism, climate change, and unprecedented mass movements of people.

We gather here today because we know that such challenges do not respect the borders of our individual nations and that only by working together shall we overcome them.

As a new Prime Minister to the United Kingdom my pledge to this United Nations is simple: the UK will be a confident, strong and dependable partner internationally C true to the universal values that we share together.

We will continue to honour our commitment to spend 0.7 per cent of our Gross National Income on development, building on the achievements we have already made to reduce poverty, deal with instability and increase prosperity the world over. And we will drive forward the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals.

We will continue to champion the rights of women and girls, making sure that all girls get the education they deserve, and tackling horrific abuses such as female genital mutilation and the use of sexual violence in conflict.

We will continue to be a steadfast, permanent member of the Security Council, meeting our NATO commitment to spend 2 per cent of GDP on defence and making a leading contribution to UN peacekeeping efforts, where we have doubled our commitment, including new deployments to Somalia and South Sudan.

We will continue to stand up for the rules based international system and for international law, and I join other leaders in condemning the outrageous bombing of the aid convoy in Syria yesterday.

We will continue to play our part in the international effort against climate change. And in a demonstration of our commitment to the agreement reached in Paris, the UK will start its domestic procedures to enable ratification of the Paris agreement, and complete these before the end of the year.

And we will continue to strengthen our existing partnerships, from this United Nations, to the Commonwealth and NATO, seeking to resolve conflict in countries across the world - from Colombia and Cyprus to Somalia and Yemen.

But we must never forget that we stand here, at this United Nations, as servants of the men and women that we represent back at home.

And as we do so, we must recognise that for too many of these men and women the increasing pace of globalisation has left them feeling left behind.

The challenge for those of us in this room is to ensure that our governments and our global institutions, such as this United Nations, remain responsive to the people that we serve. That we are capable of adapting our institutions to the demands of the 21st century and ensuring that they do not become irrelevant.

So when it comes to the big security and human rights challenges of our time, we need this C our United Nations - to forge a bold new multilateralism.

Because as we have seen even in the past week, no country is untouched by the threat of global terrorism. And when extremists anywhere in the world can transmit their poisonous ideologies directly into the bedrooms of people vulnerable to radicalisation, we need not just to work together to prevent conflict and instability in nation states but to act globally to disrupt the networks terrorist groups use to finance their operations and recruit to their ranks.

When we see the mass displacement of people, at a scale unprecedented in recent history, we must ensure we are implementing the policies that are fit for the challenges we face today.

And when criminal gangs do not respect our national borders C trafficking our fellow citizens into lives of slavery and servitude C we cannot let those borders act as a barrier to bringing such criminals to justice.

In each of these areas, it is the convening power of our United Nations that gives us a unique opportunity to respond. But we can only do so if we modernise and adapt to meet the challenges of the 21stcentury.

As a United Nations we have shown how we can work together to reduce the threat from international terrorism by preventing conflict and instability from developing.

For example, through our Permanent Membership of the Security Council, Britain has played a leading role in the fight against Al Shabaab in Somalia. Since , with huge support from across the region, and critically the commitment of Somalis themselves, Al Shabaab has been driven from all the major cities it used to control.

It is vital that as an international community we continue to support countries in the region that are contributing thousands of troops, and that we continue to build the capacity of Somali security forces. That is why the UK is now going to increase further our security support and we will be calling on others to do the same, hosting an international conference on Somalia in to maintain this vital momentum.

Missions like this must remain central to the work of this United Nations, but on their own they are not enough.

Because the terrorist threats we face today do not come from one country but exist in a different space. The global networks they exploit require a different kind of global response.

These organisations are using our own modern banking networks against us. So we need to look at our regulations, our information sharing and using our technological capabilities to get ahead of them.

They are targeting our airlines, exploiting the fact that no one country can keep its citizens safe when they are flying between multiple jurisdictions.

That is why this week the United Nations will vote on a UK led resolution on aviation security to ensure that every country implements the standards we need to ensure that no country is the weak link.

They are exploiting the internet and social media to spread an ideology that is recruiting people to their cause all over the world. So we need to tackle this ideology head-on.

That is why the UK has championed the work that the Secretary General has led to develop a strategy for Preventing Violent Extremism. Now, as an international community, we must work together to adopt and implement the most comprehensive national action plans to tackle both the causes and the symptoms of all extremism.

It is not enough merely to focus on violent extremism. We need to address the whole spectrum of extremism - violent extremism and non-violent extremism; Islamist and neo-Nazi C hate and fear in all their forms.

Just as we need the United Nations to modernise to meet the challenges of terrorism in the 21st century, so we also need to adapt if we are to fashion a truly global response to the mass movements of people across the world and the implications this brings for security and human rights.

The 1951 convention and the 1967 protocol must remain the bedrock of our response, but the context in which they must be applied has dramatically changed.

Across the world today, there are 65 million people who have been forcibly displaced. That it is equivalent to the entire population of the United Kingdom.

It is an unprecedented figure, one that has almost doubled in a decade. And yet UN appeals are underfunded; host countries are not getting enough support; and refugees are not getting the aid, education and economic opportunities they need.

We must do more. And as the second largest bi-lateral provider of assistance, the UK remains fully committed to playing a leading role.

In the last 5 years the UK has invested over $9 billion in humanitarian assistance, saving millions of lives every year.

The London Syria Conference in February raised $12 billion in pledges, the largest amount ever raised in one day in response to a humanitarian crisis.

And that money is being used to combine both urgent humanitarian assistance and vital economic development, benefitting both refugees and the communities and countries hosting them.

Clearly we need to continue our efforts to bring an end to the conflict and the appalling slaughter in Syria and to get aid through to those who need it.

And while these efforts continue inside Syria, we also agreed new efforts to support refugees and host communities in neighbouring countries, including through education and opportunities to work. This is being assisted by loans from international financial institutions and access to European markets. And through our trading relationships and direct engagement with businesses we are mobilising the private sector to create new jobs in the region for everyone.

And while there is more to be done, it is this approach to financing both humanitarian support and economic development that I will be championing when I announce a further UK financial contribution at President Obama’s Refugee Summit later today.

But in addition to refugees and displaced people fleeing conflict and persecution, we are also seeing an unprecedented movement of people in search of greater economic opportunities through the same unmanaged channels.

This affects all of us, and it is the responsibility of us all to take action. We cannot ignore this challenge, or allow it to continue unmanaged. We need to do better. Better for the countries people leave, for the countries they move through, for the countries they try to get to C and most of all, better for the migrants and refugees themselves.

Despite the huge increase in international efforts, more migrants have died attempting hazardous journeys across borders this year than any other. I believe we have to use the opportunity afforded by this General Assembly for an honest global debate to address this global challenge.

In doing so, we should be clear that there is nothing wrong with the desire to migrate for a better life. And also that controlled, legal, safe, economic migration brings benefits to our economies.

But countries have to be able to exercise control over their borders. The failure to do so erodes public confidence, fuels international crime, damages economies and reduces the resources for those who genuinely need protection and whose rights under the Refugee Convention should always be fulfilled.

I believe there are three fundamental principles that we now need to establish at the heart of a new approach to managing migration that is in the interests of all those involved.

First, we must help ensure that refugees claim asylum in the first safe country they reach. The current trend of onward movements, where refugees reach a safe country but then press on with their journey, can only benefit criminal gangs and expose refugees to grave danger.

So we must all do more to support countries where the refugees first arrive - to provide the necessary protection and assistance for refugees safely and swiftly, and to help countries adapt to the huge economic impact that refugees can have C including on their existing population.

As we are seeing in Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey, when the right assistance is provided, solutions that provide sanctuary and opportunity to refugees, and opportunities for those hosting them, can be found.

This is also good for the refugees and the countries they come from C because the closer they stay to home, the easier it will be for them to return and rebuild after the conflict.

Second, we need to improve the ways we distinguish between refugees fleeing persecution and economic migrants. I believe we must ensure the existing convention and protocol are properly applied to provide protection to refugees and reduce the incentives for economic migrants to use illegal routes. This in turn will help us target support for those refugees who need it most and retain the support of our populations for doing so.

Third, we need a better overall approach to managing economic migration which recognises that all countries have the right to control their borders - and that we must all commit to accepting the return of our own nationals when they have no right to remain elsewhere.

By ensuring a managed and controlled international migration response - and at the same time investing to tackle the underlying drivers of displacement and migration at source - we can reject isolationism and xenophobia, achieving better outcomes for all of our citizens C and particularly for the most vulnerable.

Finally, as we gather here today to bring the founding values of the United Nations to bear on some of the most pressing global problems, the likes of which we haven’t seen before, so we must also face up to the fact that some of the worst human rights abuses that we thought we had confined to the history books have re-emerged in new pernicious forms.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaimed by the General Assembly stated that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights, that no one shall be held in slavery or servitude and that slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.

Yet nearly seventy years on, we are presented with a new form of slavery: modern slavery.

Organised crime groups, who are largely behind this modern slavery, lure, dupe and force innocent men, women and children into extreme forms of exploitation.

Trafficked and sold across borders; victims are forced into living the kind of inhumane existence that is almost too much for our imagination.

These criminals have global networks to help them make money out of some of the world’s most vulnerable people. Victims are held captive in squalid conditions under the constant shadow of violence and forced into sex and labour exploitation.

If we are going to succeed in stamping out this abhorrent crime and bring the perpetrators to justice, we need to confront the reality of what we are dealing with.

These organised crime groups work across borders and jurisdictions. And they often use the internet and modern technology to recruit, transport, control and exploit their victims, all the while staying ahead of legal systems that are often constrained by traditional geographical boundaries.

So we must take action.

We must use our international law enforcement networks to track these criminals down, wherever they are in the world, and put them behind bars where they belong.

We need to be smarter and even more co-ordinated than the criminal gangs in our efforts to stop them.

In the UK, I am setting up the first ever government taskforce for modern slavery, bringing together every relevant department to co-ordinate and drive all our efforts in the battle against this cruel exploitation.

We are also using our aid budget to create a dedicated fund focused on high risk countries where we know victims are regularly trafficked to the UK.

And yesterday, I committed the first 5 million from this fund to work in Nigeria to reduce the vulnerability of potential victims and step up the fight against those who seek to profit from this crime.

But if we are to meet the Sustainable Development Goal to eradicate modern slavery, we need to go much further.

Security relationships have developed between so many countries for dealing with issues like counter-terrorism, cyber security, drug trafficking and wider intelligence sharing. But we do not have a similar relationship for this fight against modern slavery.

So we need our law enforcement agencies to work together C with joint investigation teams working across multiple countries.

Victims will only find freedom if we cultivate a radically new, global and co-ordinated approach to defeat this vile crime.

Together we must work tirelessly to preserve the freedoms and values that have defined our United Nations from its inception.

Together we must work tirelessly to restore these freedoms and values to the lives of the men, women and children who are exploited for profit and held captive with little or no chance of escape.

From the St James’ Palace declaration and the Atlantic Charter forged by Winston Churchill and President Roosevelt, to the first meeting of this General Assembly in London in 1946, the United Kingdom has always been an outward-facing, global partner at the heart of international efforts to secure peace and prosperity for all our people.

And that is how we will remain. For when the British people voted to leave the EU, they did not vote to turn inwards or walk away from any of our partners in the world.

Faced with challenges like migration, a desire for greater control of their country, and a mounting sense that globalisation is leaving working people behind, they demanded a politics that is more in touch with their concerns; and bold action to address them.

But that action must be more global, not less. Because the biggest threats to our prosperity and security do not recognise or respect international borders. And if we only focus on what we do at home, the job is barely half done.

So this is not the time to turn away from our United Nations. It is the time to turn towards it.

Only we C as Members of this community of nations C can act to ensure this great institution becomes as relevant for our future as it has been in our past.

篇6:英国首相布莱尔演讲

英国首相卡梅伦对英国小型企业英语演讲稿

My message to Britain’s small businesses is you are the lifeblood of our economy. Over 90% offirms in this country are small firms, over 60% people working in the private sector work forbusinesses like yours. So please keep doing what you are doing, creating the jobs, the wealthand the success our country needs. The government is on your side. We want to get out of yourway by deregulating, by cutting your taxes, by making it easier for you to take people on, butwe also want to stand up for small businesses, we want to help you with rates, we want to helpyou with procurement, we want to help make sure that you can export and succeed. Andabove all, what we’ve got to do together is stand up for enterprise, entrepreneurship and forthe dynamism that you represent and that’s the future of our country. But above all, keepdoing the great work. Thank you.

上一篇:山东省旅游业前景分析下一篇:科技经费结余管理