杨澜ted演讲词

2024-05-08

杨澜ted演讲词（共6篇）

篇1：杨澜ted演讲词

杨澜TED英语演讲稿

Around the same time, I was going through an audition -the first ever open audition by national television in China - with another thousand college girls. The producer told us they were looking for some sweet,innocent and beautiful fresh face. So when it was my turn, I stood up and said,“Why [do] women’s personalities on television always have to be beautiful,sweet, innocent and, you know, supportive? Why can’t they have their own ideas and their own voice?” I thought I kind of offended them. But actually, they were impressed by my words. And so I was in the second round of competition,and then the third and the fourth. After seven rounds of competition, I was the last one to survive it. So I was on a national television prime-time show. And believe it or not, that was the first show on Chinese television that allowed its hosts to speak out of their own minds without reading an approved script.(Applause) And my weekly audience at that time was between 200 to 300 million people.

Well after a few years, I decided to go to the U.S. and Columbia University to pursue my postgraduate studies, and then started my ownmedia company, which was unthought of during the years that I started mycareer. So we do a lot of things. I’ve interviewed more than a thousand peoplein the past. And sometimes I have young people approaching me say, “Lan, you changed my life,” and I feel proud of that. But then we are also so fortunate to witness the transformation of the whole country. I was in Beijing’s bidding for the Olympic Games. I was representing the Shanghai Expo. I saw China embracing the world and vice versa. But then sometimes I’m thinking, what are today’s young generation up to? How are they different, and what are the differences they are going to make to shape the future of China, or at large,the world?

So today I want to talk about young people through the platform of social media. First of all, who are they? [What] do they look like?Well this is a girl called Guo Meimei - 20 years old, beautiful. She showed offher expensive bags, clothes and car on her microblog, which is the Chinese version of Twitter. And she claimed to be the general manager of Red Cross at the Chamber of Commerce. She didn’t realize that she stepped on a sensitive nerve and aroused national questioning, almost a turmoil, against the credibility of Red Cross. The controversy was so heated that the Red Cross had to open a press conference to clarify it, and the investigation is going on.

篇2：杨澜ted演讲词

杨澜TED演讲稿节选

So through some of the hottest topics on microblogging, we can see what young people care most about.Social justice and government accountability runs the first in what they demand.For the past decade or so, a massive urbanization and development have let us witnea lot of reports on the forced demolition of private property.And it has aroused huge anger and frustration among our young generation.Sometimes people get killed, and sometimes people set themselves on fire to protest.So when these incidents are reported more and more frequently on the Internet, people cry for the government to take actions to stop this.通过微博上很火的话题，我们可以看到年轻人的关注点。社会公正和政府的公信力是他们首要需求的。在过去的十年中，急速的城市化让民众读到太多强制私人住户拆迁的新闻，这引发了年轻一代的愤怒和不理解。有时候，被拆迁的住户以自杀和自-焚的方式来抗-议(强制拆迁行为)。当这些事件越来越常在互联网上被揭露出来，人们期待政府可以采取一些更积极的制止行动。

篇3：从人际功能分析杨澜北京申奥演讲

以韩礼德为代表的功能语言学派把语言的纯理功能分为三种:概念、人际和语篇功能。其中人际功能是指人们用语言来和他人交往,建立和保持人际关系,表达发话者的身份地位、态度动机的功能。人际功能主要由语气、情态和基调构成,因为基调的语义特征是从语音学层面的曲拱声调来体现的,所以不作为本文研究的重点。本文拟从交际角色、语气和情态三方面对杨澜北京申奥演说进行人际意义分析,以此来探讨该演说人际意义的实现方式,揭示语言模式的选择与其所要表达的意义之间的关系。

二、语料简介

本文是中国申奥形象大使——杨澜为北京申办第29届奥运会向国际奥委会主席和奥委会评审官员们所做的申奥演讲,历时四分钟。时间虽短,但她的表现却为中国获得奥运主办权发挥了不可替代的作用。这次演说是杨澜代表中国在莫斯科做的最后陈述,同时也是值得中国人民铭记于心的一次经典演说,具有一定的分析价值。

三、演说的人际意义分析

(一)交际角色分析

韩礼德认为,交际中有两个言语角色,一是“给予”,一是“求取”,交往中所交换的要么是物品和服务,要么是信息。如果把这二者结合起来,便可组成四个语言功能,即提供、陈述、提问和命令,与之相匹配的反应是接受提供、认可陈述、回答提问和执行命令。本篇演讲中,杨澜代表中国向评审委员会及世界各国听众表达中国及她本人的观点和态度,详尽地陈述了北京特殊的文化和奥林匹克运动的关系、北京的教育计划、闭幕式的设计以及火炬接力的设计等重要因素,因此她充当的交际角色是信息的发布者。作为发话者,她既没有向受话者发布命令,也没向受话者发出提问,而是通过充当信息发布者的角色来表明演说的目的,即代表中国争取奥运会主办权,邀请各国友人来华亲自感受奥运主办城市——北京的真正魅力。在整个演讲过程中,由于发话者获得的是话语主动权,因此听众无法插话或回答,这也体现了演讲重在发布信息,号召听众的基本特色。

(二)语气系统分析

语气系统功能是表达发话者希望通过讲话所达到的目的,由主语和限定成分构成。主语代表一个实体,是发话者在小句中要表达的主题。限定成分是对主题进行的有效限制。主语和限定成分的位置决定语气的信息。如果主语位于限定成分之前,这个句子就是陈述句语气;如果主语位于限定成分之后,那么这个句子就是疑问句语气;如果句子没有主语和限定成分,那么该句子被认为是祈使句。上述四个语言功能可以通过语法上的语气来体现。从语法结构上看,陈述、提问和命令分别由陈述句、疑问句和祈使句来完成;提供是例外,可由不同的句式来表达。

上述表格统计了杨澜申奥演讲词中的语句类型。从表中可以看出,这篇演说以陈述句为主,祈使句为辅。两种句式中陈述语气占94%,祈使语气占6%。这主要是因为本篇演讲的功能基调是劝说和传达信息,传达信息主要通过陈述语气完成,由于整个演讲语篇大都在陈述中国为成功举办此次奥运会所做的计划和设想,因此陈述句居多;而祈使句的意义在于传达命令、提出要求、请求和极力劝说、号召,其功能是向听众进行直接的呼吁,激发他们的热情。本篇用到了两个祈使句,一句是“let me share with you one story。”说明演讲者是在提出请求,希望听众给自己机会和时间与大家一起分享一个故事。另一句是“Come and join us.”这是一种直接的呼吁,表达演讲者代表中国诚挚邀请世界各国友人来华的热情。

(三)情态系统分析

情态系统是表达说话者对事物的判断和评价的语义系统,相对于语气系统而言,情态系统在结构上要复杂得多。韩礼德将情态意义分为情态和意态。当交换物是信息时,情态涉及命题,表达不同量值的概率及频率,体现发话者对命题的可信程度。当交换物是商品与服务时,意态涉及提议,此时意义的归一度表现为认可和否定,可能性则介于两者之间。其中,量值体现发话者对行为和事件不同程度的义务和意愿。根据Halliday对限定性情态动词三级量值的划分,我们可以对演讲中情态操作词进行如下分析:

这篇演说用到的情态动词只有“will”和“can not”。由表可以看出,情态操作词“will”属于中级量值,“can not”属于高级量值。霍耶提出说,大多数带有“will”和“would”的组合都和预见性有关,表达的都是将来发生的事件(Hoye,1997:113)。这种预见性是说话者的判断,“will”所表达的将来的信息通常暗示的是说话者对将来做出的判断,也可以将其理解为受命式,即我们要让自己去做什么事情或者承诺去做什么事情。(Palmer,1986:217)。

杨澜在本次演讲中大量采用了“will”,31句话中共出现了15次,以此来引领全世界人民共同展望中国举办此次奥运会的盛况,赢得广大听众对中国的好感和认可。文中的15个“will”都是杨澜基于自己和国家的信仰对未来将要发生的事情的预见,较好地体现了中国希望承办此次奥运会的诚意。同时杨澜也表达了她代表中国人民对在北京开办此次奥运会的美好憧憬及奥运会定能成功举办的信心和决心,并希望听众评审员们能够给中国一个机会。Will作为中级量词出现在本篇演讲中,即不失演讲者对未来的信心又没有给予极端的肯定,缓和了整篇演讲的语气。“can”这个情态动词常用来表达发生的事情可能会怎么样。除此之外,它还可以用来描述能力,因为能力不能够从外部观测得到,所以它也只是表达一种推断。而整个演讲中只有一句话用到了“can”的否定形式”——can not”,即“I am afraid I can not present the whole picture of our cultural programs within such a short period of time.”在此句中,演讲者之所以使用概率程度最高的否定情态词“can not”,是出于自己认为个人能力有限,在如此短的时间里不能将具有中国特色的奥运会举办计划陈述得淋漓尽致,面面俱到,因此用这个情态词来表达个人的谦逊,同时也避免了演讲的冗长啰唆,给听众留有了遐想的空间和回味的余地,促使大家怀着一颗好奇之心真正到中国来做切身体验,为下面提出邀请埋下伏笔。

四、结语

语言交流是人们建立并保持适宜的社会关系的重要手段。在语言交流过程中,人们根据自己的言语角色,在语言的人际意义潜势中选择适当的语言表达来实施各种言语功能,实现以信息或物品与服务为交流物的意义交换。同时,说话者通过人际意义潜势提供的语气系统和情态系统实施各种言语功能,并表达主观的和客观的判断及态度,从而对意义交换的有效性作出限定。本文运用韩礼德系统功能语法三大元功能理论之一的人际功能为理论框架,以人际角色,语气和情态系统为视角对杨澜北京申奥演讲进行具体分析。通过以上分析我们可以得出这样的结论:首先,杨澜以信息发布者的角色向评审们介绍中国申奥的优势;其次,演说中大量陈述句的使用强化了演说者的肯定态度;第三,情态操作词的频频出现增强了演讲的感染力;这些都是人际功能得以完美实现的有效手段,对于我们今后理解各类演讲语篇的深层次内涵具有一定的现实意义。

摘要：本文以韩礼德系统功能语法中的人际功能为理论框架,通过对杨澜北京申奥演讲词中交际角色、语气和情态系统的分析来探讨该演说人际意义的实现方式,对我们深入理解蕴含在该演说中的深层次含义具有一定的现实意义。

关键词：杨澜北京申奥演讲,人际功能,意义

参考文献

[1]、Halliday,M.A.K.(2000).An Introduction to Functional Grammar.Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001.

[2]、高波.(2009).关于《克林顿离职演讲》的人际意义分析. [J].科技信息.

[3]、胡壮麟,朱永生,张德禄.(1989).系统功能语言学概论[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社.

[4]、李占子.(2002).话语的人际意义研究[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社.

[5]、王馥兰.(2010).英语政治演讲的人际意义[J].吉首大学学报.

篇4：杨澜ted演讲词

【关键词】最佳关联性；预期释义；语境效果

Sperber和Wilson对Grice的合作原则中的关联准则进行了发展与补充，提出关联理论。合作原则为我们的话语交际找到了一个解释的途径，而关联理论进一步发展了合作原则，并提出认知语境，强调认知主体在交际中的作用。根据关联性的两条原则——认知原则和交际原则，我们知道每一段话语都应为使话语或行为本身要具备最佳的关联性而做出努力。认知原则中提到：人类的认知倾向于同最大程度的关联性相吻合，因此，我认为，从某种程度上说，在一段话语中，为引起听者的注意及共鸣，说话人会争取表达与听话人共同感兴趣的话题，且这个话题也可作为整段谈话的引入。也就是说一段话语或演讲的开场白总是需要深入听者内心、能够吸引听者极大注意力的，而这就要求演讲者尽最大可能来寻求与听者最大程度的关联性。而这恰好体现了要使话语交际达到最佳关联所需要的两个条件：话语的语境效果足以引起听话人的注意；听话人为获得语境效果付出了努力。

以杨澜2011年在美国TED演讲中的开场白为话语对象，我们会发现这段开场白恰当地运用了话语的最佳关联性。根据关联性理论，认知效果越大、为进行加工处理而付出的努力越少，关联性就越强；当且仅当一个话语具备足够的关联，值得对它进行加工处理，并与说话人的能力及偏爱相一致，就是具有最大关联的话语。杨澜在演讲中的开场白是这样的：The night before I was heading for Scotland， I was invited to host the final of "China's Got Talent" show in Shanghai with the 80，000 live audiences in the stadium.Guess who was the performing guest？Susan Boyle. And I told her，"I'm going to Scotland the next day." She sang beautifully，and she even managed to say a few words in Chinese：送你葱......在这段5分钟左右的开场白中，听众的理解过程首先经历了“以最少的努力推算出认知效果”，也就是说，杨澜通过明示行为，提出那些对听众来说具有关联性的话语和信息。而在这段开场白中，杨澜为足够吸引观众的注意力、达到幽默的效果、同时引出她要演讲的话题，为找到与听者相关的事实或信息做出了一系列努力，第一点努力就是：她要掌握地道的英文表达。只有语言能够为听众所理解，或者进一步说，为让听众不至于误解她的内心意图。注意，前提必须是“地道的”，才能够避免言语表达方面的误差。她所做的第二点努力就是：了解英美文化。这体现出明示话语交际需要考虑社会文化因素。比如她提出见到了英国47岁的无业大妈苏珊？波伊儿，而苏珊？波伊儿正是在电视选秀节目《英国达人》的舞台上凭借一曲《我曾有梦》而一鸣惊人、从此变身成功人士的耀眼明星。《英国达人》这一节目在国际上尤其是欧美国家有巨大的影响力，而苏珊大妈这个人物更是被在座的美国听众所熟悉，通过这样一个著名又熟悉的人物来提高听众对杨澜演讲内容的关注度，以及对杨澜接下来要演讲内容的好奇心。第三点努力就是：通过掌握英语以及了解英美文化来找到与听众之间的共鸣，也就是挖掘到听众的最大兴趣点。由于人类只对那些具有足够关联性的现象给以关注、表达和处理，因此，要以最佳关联性为交际目标，就要使话语能够驱使听者去寻求更多的语境效果，达到话语理解。杨澜充分利用了与其能力及偏爱相一致的话题，用苏珊大妈同中国的苏珊大妈联系到一起，使听话人从短时记忆中调取相关信息（即上文提供的信息）来扩展自己的认知语境，同时又相当于她有效地将欧美文化与中国文化联系到一起，既展现出其智慧、博学，又有力地实现最佳关联。另外，用“送你葱”这部分的汉语表达，加深了听众对其作为中国人的身份信息。

当一个人讲话时，我们会注意到与她相关的事实或信息，并把话语诠释出我们的必然假设，杨澜的开场就充分利用了欧美热点话题与汉语内容等等，让听者从三个问题的角度理解她的话语，即：说者打算说什么？说者打算暗示什么内容？以及说者对其所说和暗含的内容有哪些预期的态度？她在引出主题的同时，运用恰当的内容达到幽默的语言效果，而这种幽默效果的成功实现也是源于说者对欧美人心理和生活状态的充分了解。并在开场的结束部分表达出说者对所讲开场话题的预期态度。

在关联理论中，语境是认知和理解一段话语的主要促进因素，选择处理话语最佳语境的过程就是寻求最佳关联的过程。而在杨澜这段话语开场白中，听众只要对于这段话语有普遍意义上的假设就可以达到有效认知和理解，这就体现出语境扩展中的“听话人在现有的认知语境中加入所需的百科知识来扩充自己的认知语境”的情况，也是听话人愿意为获得语境效果而在付出努力。比如在大部分美国听众心里，从《英国达人》节目里出名的苏珊大妈是值得大家用正面、积极的眼光看待的。她虽然年龄较大、甚至不具备成为明星的特质，但却经自己竭尽半生的努力为世人所知。她的一生是不同于普通常人的一生，是different。从这里可以体现出：第一，在话语释义中，我们无需假设说话者打算让我们继续进行对可能语境的无限扩展来获取更多的隐含意义；第二，在决定预期内容之前，我们不用比较一段话语可能出现的全部释义。杨澜的开场白中就让听者用最少的努力使她的话语达到worth listening to的效果。而且，杨澜的话语一出，听众就尽快地选择出了全部可能出现的释义中最切中杨澜话语目的的那一释义。话语中表达了用足够的语境效果让听众值得继续注意的内容，并使听者愿意主动地为获取语境效果而进行加工努力，即在一定程度上，实现了最佳关联。

作为演讲者的杨澜致力于寻找出一个兴趣点。另外，在明示交际中，进行交际者本身是期待她的听众能够识别出她的交际意图或目的的，信息处理或选择的目的是为了实现用最少的处理来重获最多的语境效果，只要话语的目标是为了吸引听众的注意，说者就会特意考虑与听者相关联的信息并尽力使听者用最少的处理便可认知和理解话语。包括语言、文化与生活等各种相关联的信息与知识都可用来促进有效的交流，尤其是这种目的在于传递思想或见解的TED演讲当中。 [科]

【参考文献】

[1]Sperber，D.&D.Wilson;（2001）.Relevance：Communication and Cognition.Foreign Language and Research Press.

[2]Sperber，D.&Deirdre;，W.Relevance：Communication and Cognition.

蒋严译（Yan，Jiang）.关联性：交际与认知.北京：中国社会科学出版社，2008.

[3]何兆熊，新编语用学概要.上海：上海外语教育出版社，1999.

[4]吴炳章，徐盛桓.认知语用学研究.上海：上海外语教育出版社，2011.

篇5：杨澜ted演讲词

The night before I was heading for Scotland, I was invited to host the final of “China’s Got Talent” show in Shanghai with the 80,000 live audience in the stadium.Guess who was the performing guest? Susan Boyle.And I told her, “I’m going to Scotland the next day.” She sang beautifully, and she even managed to say a few words in Chinese.[Chinese] So it’s not like “hello” or “thank you,” that ordinary stuff.It means “green onion for free.” Why did she say that? Because it was a line from our Chinese parallel Susan Boyle — a 50-some year-old woman, a vegetable vendor in Shanghai, who loves singing Western opera, but she didn’t understand any English or French or Italian, so she managed to fill in the lyrics with vegetable names in Chinese.(Laughter)And the last sentence of Nessun Dorma that she was singing in the stadium was “green onion for free.” So [as] Susan Boyle was saying that, 80,000 live audience sang together.That was hilarious.来苏格兰（做TED讲演）的前夜，我被邀请去上海做”中国达人秀“决赛的评委。在装有八万现场观众的演播厅里，在台上的表演嘉宾居然是（来自苏格兰的，因参加英国达人秀走红的）苏珊大妈（Susan Boyle)。我告诉她，“我明天就要启程去苏格兰。” 她唱得很动听，还对观众说了几句中文，她并没有说简单的”你好“或者”谢谢“，她说的是——“送你葱”（Song Ni Cong)。为什么？这句话其实来源于中国版的“苏珊大妈”——一位五十岁的以卖菜为生，却对西方歌剧有出奇爱好的上海中年妇女（蔡洪平）。这位中国的苏珊大妈并不懂英文，法语或意大利文，所以她将歌剧中的词汇都换做中文中的蔬菜名，并且演唱出来。在她口中，歌剧《图兰朵》的最后一句便是“Song Ni Cong”。当真正的英国苏珊大妈唱出这一句“中文的”《图兰朵》时，全场的八万观众也一起高声歌唱，场面的确有些滑稽（hilarious)。

So I guess both Susan Boyle and this vegetable vendor in Shanghai belonged to otherness.They were the least expected to be successful in the business called entertainment, yet their courage and talent brought them through.And a show and a platform gave them the stage to realize their dreams.Well, being different is not that difficult.We are all different from different perspectives.But I think being different is good, because you present a different point of view.You may have the chance to make a difference.我想Susan Boyle和这位上海的买菜农妇的确属于人群中的少数。她们是最不可能在演艺界成功的，而她们的勇气和才华让她们成功了，这个节目和舞台给予了她们一个实现个人梦想的机会。这样看来，与众不同好像没有那么难。从不同的方面审视，我们每个人都是不同的。但是我想，与众不同是一件好事，因为你代表了不一样的观点，你拥有了做改变的机会。

My generation has been very fortunate to witness and participate in the historic transformation of China that has made so many changes in the past 20, 30 years.I remember that in the year of 1990, when I was graduating from college, I was applying for a job in the sales department of the first five-star hotel in Beijing, Great Wall Sheraton — it’s still there.So after being interrogated by this Japanese manager for a half an hour, he finally said, “So, Miss Yang, do you have any questions to ask me?” I summoned my courage and poise and said, “Yes, but could you let me know, what actually do you sell?” I didn’t have a clue what a sales department was about in a five-star hotel.That was the first day I set my foot in a five-star hotel.我这一代中国人很幸运的目睹并且参与了中国在过去二三十年中经历的巨变。我记得1990年，当我刚大学毕业时，我申请了当时北京的第一家五星级酒店——长城喜来登酒店的销售部门的工作。这家酒店现在仍在北京。当我被一位日本籍经理面试了一个半小时之后，他问到，“杨小姐，你有什么想问我的吗？”，我屏住呼吸，问道“是的，你能告诉我，具体我需要销售些什么吗？” 当时的我，对五星级酒店的销售部门没有任何概念，事实上，那是我第一次进到一家五星级酒店。

Around the same time, I was going through an audition — the first ever open audition by national television in China — with another thousand college girls.The producer told us they were looking for some sweet, innocent and beautiful fresh face.So when it was my turn, I stood up and said, “Why [do] women’s personalities on television always have to be beautiful, sweet, innocent and, you know, supportive? Why can’t they have their own ideas and their own voice?” I thought I kind of offended them.But actually, they were impressed by my words.And so I was in the second round of competition, and then the third and the fourth.After seven rounds of competition, I was the last one to survive it.So I was on a national television prime-time show.And believe it or not, that was the first show on Chinese television that allowed its hosts to speak out of their own minds without reading an approved script.(Applause)And my weekly audience at that time was between 200 to 300 million people.我当时也在参加另一场“面试”，中国国家电视台的首次公开试镜，与我一起参与选拔的还有另外1000名大学女毕业生。节目制作人说，他们希望找到一位甜美，无辜（LOL），漂亮的新鲜面孔。轮到我的时候，我问道“为什么在电视屏幕上，女性总应该表现出甜美漂亮，甚至是服从性的一面？为什么她们不能有她们自己的想法和声音？“我觉得我的问题甚至有点冒犯到了他。但实际上，他们对我的表现印象深刻。我进入了第二轮选拔，第三轮，第四轮，直至最后的第七场选拔，我是唯一一个走到最后的试镜者。我从此走上了国家电视台黄金时段的荧幕。你可能不相信，但在当时，我所主持的电视节目是中国第一个，不让主持人念已经审核过的稿件的节目（掌声）。我每周需要面对两亿到三亿左右的电视观众。Well after a few years, I decided to go to the U.S.and Columbia University to pursue my postgraduate studies, and then started my own media company, which was unthought of during the years that I started my career.So we do a lot of things.I’ve interviewed more than a thousand people in the past.And sometimes I have young people approaching me say, “Lan, you changed my life,” and I feel proud of that.But then we are also so fortunate to witness the transformation of the whole country.I was in Beijing’s bidding for the Olympic Games.I was representing the Shanghai Expo.I saw China embracing the world and vice versa.But then sometimes I’m thinking, what are today’s young generation up to? How are they different, and what are the differences they are going to make to shape the future of China, or at large, the world? 几年以后，我决定来美国哥伦比亚大学继续深造，之后也开始运营自己的媒体公司，这也是我在职业生涯初始时所没有预料到的。我的公司做很多不同的业务，在过去这些年里，我访谈过一千多人。经常有年轻人对我说，“杨澜，你改变了我的人生”，我对此感到非常自豪。我也幸运的目睹了整个国家的转变：我参与了北京申奥和上海世博会。我看到中国在拥抱这个世界，而世界也进一步的接受中国。但有时我也在想，今天的年轻人的生活是什么样的？他们（与我们相比）有什么不同？他们将带给中国，甚至整个世界的未来一些怎样的变化？ So today I want to talk about young people through the platform of social media.First of all, who are they? [What] do they look like? Well this is a girl called Guo Meimei — 20 years old, beautiful.She showed off her expensive bags, clothes and car on her microblog, which is the Chinese version of Twitter.And she claimed to be the general manager of Red Cross at the Chamber of Commerce.She didn’t realize that she stepped on a sensitive nerve and aroused national questioning, almost a turmoil, against the credibility of Red Cross.The controversy was so heated that the Red Cross had to open a press conference to clarify it, and the investigation is going on.So far, as of today, we know that she herself made up that title — probably because she feels proud to be associated with charity.All those expensive items were given to her as gifts by her boyfriend, who used to be a board member in a subdivision of Red Cross at Chamber of Commerce.It’s very complicated to explain.But anyway, the public still doesn’t buy it.It is still boiling.It shows us a general mistrust of government or government-backed institutions, which lacked transparency in the past.And also it showed us the power and the impact of social media as microblog.我想通过社交媒体来谈一谈中国的年轻人们。首先，他们是谁，他们是什么样子？这是一位叫郭美美的女孩儿，20岁，年轻漂亮。她在中国版的Twitter上——新浪微博上，炫耀她所拥有的奢侈品，衣服，包和车。她甚至宣称她是中国红十字会的工作人员。她没有意识到她的行为触及了中国民众极为敏感的神经，这引发了一场全民大讨论，民众开始质疑红十字会的公信力。中国红十字会为了平息这场争议甚至举办了一场记者会来澄清，直至今日，对于”郭美美事件“的调查仍在继续，但我们所知道的事实是，她谎报了她的头衔，可能是因为她的虚荣心，希望把自己和慈善机构联系起来。所有那些奢侈品都是她的男朋友给她买的，而那位”男朋友“的确曾经是红十字会的工作人员。这解释起来很复杂，总之，公众对他们的解释仍然不满意，这仍然是在风口浪尖的一件事。这件事体现出（中国社会）对长期不透明的政府机关的不信任，同时也表现出社交媒体（微博）巨大的社会影响力。

Microblog boomed in the year of 2010, with visitors doubled and time spent on it tripled.Sina.com, a major news portal, alone has more than 140 million microbloggers.On Tencent, 200 million.The most popular blogger — it’s not me — it’s a movie star, and she has more than 9.5 million followers, or fans.About 80 percent of those microbloggers are young people, under 30 years old.And because, as you know, the traditional media is still heavily controlled by the government, social media offers an opening to let the steam out a little bit.But because you don’t have many other openings, the heat coming out of this opening is sometimes very strong, active and even violent.微博在2010年得到了爆炸性的增长，微博的访问用户增长了一倍，用户的访问时间是09年的三倍。新浪（Sina.com)，一个最主要的微博平台，拥有1.4亿的微博用户，而腾讯拥有两亿用户。（在中国）最有名的微博主——不是我——是一位电影明星，她拥有近九百五十万”粉丝“。接近80％的微博用户是年轻人，三十岁以下。因为传统媒体还在政府的强力控制之下，社交媒体提供了一个开放的平台进行了一些（民众观点的）分流。因为这样分流的渠道并不多，从这个平台上爆发出的能量往往非常强烈，有时候甚至过于强烈。

So through microblogging, we are able to understand Chinese youth even better.So how are they different? First of all, most of them were born in the 80s and 90s, under the one-child policy.And because of selected abortion by families who favored boys to girls, now we have ended up with 30 million more young men than women.That could pose a potential danger to the society, but who knows;we’re in a globalized world, so they can look for girlfriends from other countries.Most of them have fairly good education.The illiteracy rate in China among this generation is under one percent.In cities, 80 percent of kids go to college.But they are facing an aging China with a population above 65 years old coming up with seven-point-some percent this year, and about to be 15 percent by the year of 2030.And you know we have the tradition that younger generations support the elders financially, and taking care of them when they’re sick.So it means young couples will have to support four parents who have a life expectancy of 73 years old.通过微博，我们可以更好的了解到中国的年轻一代。首先，他们中的大多数都出生在八零九零年代，在独生子女的生育政策的大背景下长大。因为偏好男孩的家庭会选择性的堕胎，现在（中国）的年轻男性的数量多过年轻女性三千万，这可能带来社会的不稳定（危险），但是我们知道，在这个全球化的社会中，他们可能可以去其他国家找女朋友。大多数人都拥有良好的教育。这一代中国人中的文盲率已经低于1％。在城市中，80％的孩子可以上大学，但他们将要面对的是一个，有接近7％的人口都是老年人的社会，这个数字会在2030年会增长到2030年。在这个国家，传统是让年轻人来从经济上和医疗上来支持老年人，这意味着，一对年轻的夫妻将需要支持四个平均年龄是73岁的老人。

So making a living is not that easy for young people.College graduates are not in short supply.In urban areas, college graduates find the starting salary is about 400 U.S.dollars a month, while the average rent is above $500.So what do they do? They have to share space — squeezed in very limited space to save money — and they call themselves “tribe of ants.” And for those who are ready to get married and buy their apartment, they figured out they have to work for 30 to 40 years to afford their first apartment.That ratio in America would only cost a couple five years to earn, but in China it’s 30 to 40 years with the skyrocketing real estate price.所以对于年轻人而言，生活并不是容易。本科毕业生也不在是紧缺资源。在城市中，本科生的月起薪通常是400美元（2500人民币），而公寓的平均月租金却是500美元。所以他们的解决方式是合租——挤在有限的空间中以节省开支，他们叫自己”蚁族。“ 对于那些准备好结婚并希望购买一套公寓的中国年轻夫妇而言，他们发现他们必须要不间断的工作30到40年才可以负担得起一套公寓。对于同样的美国年轻夫妇而言，他们只需要五年时间。

Among the 200 million migrant workers, 60 percent of them are young people.They find themselves sort of sandwiched between the urban areas and the rural areas.Most of them don’t want to go back to the countryside, but they don’t have the sense of belonging.They work for longer hours with less income, less social welfare.And they’re more vulnerable to job losses, subject to inflation, tightening loans from banks, appreciation of the renminbi, or decline of demand from Europe or America for the products they produce.Last year, though, an appalling incident in a southern OEM manufacturing compound in China: 13 young workers in their late teens and early 20s committed suicide, just one by one like causing a contagious disease.But they died because of all different personal reasons.But this whole incident aroused a huge outcry from society about the isolation, both physical and mental, of these migrant workers.在近两亿的涌入城市的农民工中，他们中的60％都是年轻人。他们发现自己被夹在了城市和农村中，大多数人不愿意回到农村，但他们在城市也找不到归属感。他们工作更长的时间却获得更少的薪水和社会福利。他们也更容易面临失业，受到通货膨胀，银行利率，人民币升值的影响，甚至美国和欧盟对于中国制造产品的抵制也会影响到他们。去年，在中国南方的一个制造工厂里，有十三位年轻的工人选择了结束自己的生命，一个接一个，像一场传染病。他们轻生的原因各有不同，但整个事件提醒了中国社会和政府，需要更多的关注这些在精神上和生理上都与外界脱节的年轻农民工人。

For those who do return back to the countryside, they find themselves very welcome locally, because with the knowledge, skills and networks they have learned in the cities, with the assistance of the Internet, they’re able to create more jobs, upgrade local agriculture and create new business in the less developed market.So for the past few years, the coastal areas, they found themselves in a shortage of labor.对于那些回到农村的年轻人，他们所经历的城市生活，所学到的知识，技巧和建立的社会网络，让他们通常更受欢迎。特别是在互联网的帮助下，他们更有可能获得工作，提升农村的农业水平和发展新的商业机会。在过去的一些年中，一些沿海的城镇甚至出现了劳动力短缺。These diagrams show a more general social background.The first one is the Engels coefficient, which explains that the cost of daily necessities has dropped its percentage all through the past decade, in terms of family income, to about 37-some percent.But then in the last two years, it goes up again to 39 percent, indicating a rising living cost.The Gini coefficient has already passed the dangerous line of 0.4.Now it’s 0.5 — even worse than that in America — showing us the income inequality.And so you see this whole society getting frustrated about losing some of its mobility.And also, the bitterness and even resentment towards the rich and the powerful is quite widespread.So any accusations of corruption or backdoor dealings between authorities or business would arouse a social outcry or even unrest.这些图片展现出整体的社会背景。第一张图片是恩格斯系数（食品支出占总消费支出的比例），可以看到在过去的十年中，食物和生活必需品在家庭消费中的比例有所下降（37％），然后在过去的两年中，这项指数上升到39％，说明近两年中生活成本的攀升。基尼系数早已越过了危险的0.4，到达0.5——这甚至高过了美国——体现出极大的贫富差距，所以我们才看到整个社会的失衡。同时，“仇富心态”也开始在整个社会蔓延，任何与腐败和走后门相关的政府或商业丑闻都会引发社会危机和不稳定。

So through some of the hottest topics on microblogging, we can see what young people care most about.Social justice and government accountability runs the first in what they demand.For the past decade or so, a massive urbanization and development have let us witness a lot of reports on the forced demolition of private property.And it has aroused huge anger and frustration among our young generation.Sometimes people get killed, and sometimes people set themselves on fire to protest.So when these incidents are reported more and more frequently on the Internet, people cry for the government to take actions to stop this.通过微博上很火的话题，我们可以看到年轻人的关注点。社会公正和政府的公信力是他们首要需求的。在过去的十年中，急速的城市化让民众读到太多强制私人住户拆迁的新闻，这引发了年轻一代的愤怒和不理解。有时候，被拆迁的住户以自杀和自焚的方式来抗议（强制拆迁行为）。当这些事件越来越常在互联网上被揭露出来，人们期待政府可以采取一些更积极的制止行动。

So the good news is that earlier this year, the state council passed a new regulation on house requisition and demolition and passed the right to order forced demolition from local governments to the court.Similarly, many other issues concerning public safety is a hot topic on the Internet.We heard about polluted air, polluted water, poisoned food.And guess what, we have faked beef.They have sorts of ingredients that you brush on a piece of chicken or fish, and it turns it to look like beef.And then lately, people are very concerned about cooking oil, because thousands of people have been found [refining] cooking oil from restaurant slop.So all these things have aroused a huge outcry from the Internet.And fortunately, we have seen the government responding more timely and also more frequently to the public concerns.好消息是，今年早些时候，人民代表大会通过了一项关于房屋征用和拆迁的新法规，将征用和拆迁的权利从当地政府移交到了法庭。相同的，很多其他与公共安全相关的问题也在互联网上被热烈讨论。我们听到有太多空气污染，水污染，有毒食品的报道。你甚至都想不到，我们还有假牛肉。人们用一种特殊的材料加入鸡肉和鱼肉中，然后以牛肉的价格进行出售。最近，人们对食用油也很担忧，大量的餐馆被发现在使用“地沟油“。所有这些事件引发了互联网上民众观点的大爆发。幸运的是，我们看到了政府正在更积极和更及时的对这些民众的质疑给予回应。

While young people seem to be very sure about their participation in public policy-making, but sometimes they’re a little bit lost in terms of what they want for their personal life.China is soon to pass the U.S.as the number one market for luxury brands — that’s not including the Chinese expenditures in Europe and elsewhere.But you know what, half of those consumers are earning a salary below 2,000 U.S.dollars.They’re not rich at all.They’re taking those bags and clothes as a sense of identity and social status.And this is a girl explicitly saying on a TV dating show that she would rather cry in a BMW than smile on a bicycle.But of course, we do have young people who would still prefer to smile, whether in a BMW or [on] a bicycle.一方面，年轻人越来越积极的参与到公共事务中；另一方面，他们也在寻找或者说迷失与个人生活的价值和定位。中国很快就要超过美国，成为世界上第一大奢侈品消费国——这还不包括中国人在国外的消费。但你知道吗，超过半数中国的奢侈品消费者的（年）收入都低于两千美元。他们其实并不富裕，他们用那些奢侈品牌的服装和包体现身份和社会地位。这是一位在电视节目上公然表明，自己宁愿在宝马车里哭也不坐在自行车后笑的年轻女孩。当然，我们也有更多的年轻人，喜欢微笑，不管是在宝马还是在自行车上。

So in the next picture, you see a very popular phenomenon called “naked” wedding, or “naked” marriage.It does not mean they will wear nothing in the wedding, but it shows that these young couples are ready to get married without a house, without a car, without a diamond ring and without a wedding banquet, to show their commitment to true love.And also, people are doing good through social media.And the first picture showed us that a truck caging 500 homeless and kidnapped dogs for food processing was spotted and stopped on the highway with the whole country watching through microblogging.People were donating money, dog food and offering volunteer work to stop that truck.And after hours of negotiation, 500 dogs were rescued.And here also people are helping to find missing children.A father posted his son’s picture onto the Internet.After thousands of [unclear], the child was found, and we witnessed the reunion of the family through microblogging.在下一幅图中，你看到的是现在非常流行的”裸婚“，这并不代表这“裸露出席婚礼”，这体现的是年轻人愿意接受结婚不买房，不买车，不买钻戒，甚至不办婚宴的这个现实，作为对纯朴的真爱的致敬。但同时，人们也在通过社交媒体做一些善事。这副图片里，这辆车上装有500只被”绑架“来，准备被送去屠宰的狗，这辆车被网友们发现后，人们开始通过微博关注事态的进展，并且通过捐钱，捐食物和做义工来试图拦截该车。在几个小时的周旋后，这500条狗获救并被放生。有更多的人在通过微博寻找丢失的孩子。一位父亲将他失散的儿子的照片发布到微博上，在几千条”转发“之后，他的儿子被找到，家庭的团聚也在微博上被报道出来。