初一英语语法教学大纲

初一英语语法教学大纲（通用6篇）

篇1：初一英语语法教学大纲

七（上）Units 1-4知识点归纳

get-gets-getting

kid-kids-kidding let-lets-letting

run-runs-running set-sets-setting

shop-shops-shopping sit-sits-sitting

swim-swims-swimming C)类

班级：_______________ 姓名：_________________座号：_______________ Ⅰ、实义动词的第三人称单数及现在分词形式。

A)类

ask-asks-asking

be-/-being bring-brings-bringing

call-calls-calling

color-colors-coloring

cry-cries-crying

dress-dresses-dressing

eat-eats-eating

fly-flies-flying

guess-guesses-guessing

help-helps-helping

list-lists-listing

meet-meets-meeting

order-orders-ordering

play-plays-playing

see-sees-seeing

sleep-sleeps-sleeping

spell-spells-spelling

start-starts-starting

teach-teaches-teaching

think-thinks-thinking

visit-visits-visiting

want-wants-wanting

worry-worries-worrying

B)类

begin-begins-beginning

buy-buys-buying carry-carries-carrying cook-cooks-cooking do-does-doing drink-drinks-drinking find-finds-finding go-goes-going hand-hands-handing know-knows-knowing look-looks-looking need-needs-needing pick up-picks up-picking up say-says-saying sing-sings-singing speak-speaks-speaking stand-stands-standing study-studies-studying tell-tells-telling try-tries-trying wait-waits-waiting watch-watches-watching work-works-working

forget-forgets-forgetting

come-comes-coming

drive-drives-driving excuse-excuses-excusing

face-faces-facing give-gives-giving

have-has-having like-likes-liking

live-lives-living love-loves-loving

make-makes-making phone-phones-phoning

take-takes-taking telephone-telephones-telephoning

Ⅱ、重点词（组）、句归纳。

1.be afraid to do sth.⑴.She’s afraid __________________________(go)out.⑵.Are you afraid _________________________(see)the man over there? 2.ask sb.to do sth.请/叫某人做某事

⑴.Could you ask him _______________________(call)me back this evening? ⑵.Tony often asks me _______________________(help)him out.2.begin to do sth.He begins _____________________(have)breakfast with his family.3.buy sb.sth.= buy sth.for sb.Do your parents often buy new clothes for you? 4.call back sb.Please call me back at ***.5.do one’s homework

⑴.She seldom does her homework in the afternoon.⑵.Does Michael ___________(do)his homework in the classroom? 6.forget to do sth.Don’t forget ___________________(bring)your guitar.8.get sb.to do sth.= have sb.do sth.叫/让某人做某事

⑴.Please get him _____________________(come)in.⑵.Please have him _____________________(come)in.9.give sb.sth.= give sth.to sb.⑴.Jane, could you give me an eraser, please? ⑵.Please give it to her.10.have to do sth.⑴.Do you often have to ______________(cook)supper yourself? ⑵.She has to _________________(get)up at 6:00 a.m.every day.11.help sb.to do sth.= help sb.do sth.Can you help me ___________________(carry)the heavy box? 12.help out sb.= help sb.= give sb.a hand ⑴.Could you help me out, Ben? ⑵.Could you help the old man out, Ben? ⑶.Could you help out the old man, Ben? 13.How about doing sth.= What about doing sth.⑴.How about ____________________(have)a picnic on West Hill? ⑵.What about ____________________(sit)here? ⑶.What about ____________________(go)shopping this Sunday morning? 14.would like to do sth.want to do sth.⑴.I’d like ____________________(go)swimming after school.⑵.Does he want __________________(visit)the Great Wall? 15.would like sb.to do sth.want sb.to do sth.They’d like us __________________(sing)some songs.16.It’s time to do sth.⑴.Is it time ____________________(have)sports? ⑵.It’s time for us __________________(go)for a picnic.17.let sb.do sth.Let’s ____________________(begin)at a quarter to eight, OK? 18.like doing sth.喜欢做某事

（表示习惯的动作）

I like ____________________(watch)TV in bed.19.like to do sth.喜欢做某事

（表示一次性的、未发生的动作）

⑴.He likes _____________________(say)something with me this afternoon.今天下午他想跟我说点事儿。

⑵.I don’t like _____________________(be)late.我不愿意迟到。20.love to do sth.喜爱做某事

My brother loves ___________________(play)soccer a lot.21.make sb.do sth.使得某人做某事

He often makes me __________________(wait)out of my classroom.22.need to do sth.I need ______________________(buy)a pair of new shoes.23.order sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事

Does your father often order you __________________(do)this and that? 24.teach sb.sth.Mr.Guo teaches ____________(we)Chinese.25.tell sb.to do sth.Please tell them ___________________(come)after 7:00 p.m.26.Why not do sth.? = Why don’t you do sth.?

⑴.Why not ___________________(tell)her about it?

⑵.Why don’t you ___________________(play)the guitar with me? 27.try to do sth.Try ________________(be)one of the best students in our grade!28.plan to do sth.She plans __________________(work)on the farm.29.It’s very kind of sb.to do sth.It’s very kind of you _________________(help)me.

篇2：初一英语语法教学大纲

在我们身边，经常会看到学生为语法感到头疼的现象，中学阶段的学生经常说语法太难了,语法对于很多初中学生来说简直是一片空白,如果不懂得语法就没办法翻译,更谈不上对篇章的理解了。下面是小编给大家汇总的语法知识点，希望对大家有所帮助。

一、词法

1、名词

A)、名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：

一)在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas

二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes

三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories

2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways

四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯

五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves

六)单复数相同(不变的)有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese

七)一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks

八)单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员

九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals;但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers

十)有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡

十一)单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如：Is(I’s), Ks(K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs

十二)特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen

B)名词的格

当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：

一)单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s

二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’;Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节

三)由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间)，Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)

2、代词

项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词

人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性

第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself

复数 we us our ours ourselves

第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself

复数 you you your yours yourselves

第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself

he him his his himself it it its its this that itself

复数 they them their theirs these those themselves

3、动词

A)第三人称单数

当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：

一)一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains

二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes

三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries

2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys

四)以o结尾加es。如：does, goes 五)特殊的有：are-is, have-has

B)现在分词

当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：

一)一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing

二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having

三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning

四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

4、形容词的级

我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：

一)一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer-nicest, larger-largest

二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest三)以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier

sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest

四)特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)

good/wellmore most bad/ill – worse worstlittle-less least old-older/elder oldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthest

5、数词(基变序，有规则;一、二、三，自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。)first, second, third;fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth

二、句式

1.陈述句

肯定陈述

a)This is a book.(be动词)

b)He looks very young.(连系动词)

c)I want a sweat like this.(实义动词)

d)I can bring some things to school.(情态动词)

e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be结构)

否定陈述句

a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)

2.祈使句

肯定祈使句 a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!

c)Come in, please.否定祈使句a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑问句

1)一般疑问句 a)Is Jim a student? b)Can I help you? c)Does she like salad? d)Do they watch TV? e)Is she reading?

肯定回答: a)Yes, he is.b)Yes, you can.c)Yes, she does.d)Yes, they do.e)Yes, she is.否定回答: a)No, he isn’t.b)No, you can’t.c)No, she doesn’t.d)No, they don’t.e)No, she isn’t.2)选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.3)特殊疑问句

① 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.② 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.③ 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.④ 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.⑤ 问原因 Why do you want to join the club?

⑥ 问时间 What’s the time?(=What time is it?)It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦ 问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.⑧ 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨ 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?

⑩ 问东西 What’s this/that(in English)? It’s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.问字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.问电话号码 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.问谓语(动作)What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.问职业(身份)What do you do? I’m a teacher.What’s your father? He’s a doctor.三、时态

1、一般现在时

表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有：

Be 动词：She’s a worker.Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.情态动词：I can play the piano.Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.行为动词：They want to eat some tomatoes.Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch.Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.2、现在进行时

篇3：初一英语语法教学大纲

1.“生成语法”Generative grammar, (N. Chomsky) 。

生成语法学不是一般人所理解的语法学。其研究对象是内在性语言, 而不是外表化语言, 是指人脑对语法结构的认识以心理形式体现。生成语法学研究范围限于人的语言知识或语言能力, 而不是语言的使用。生成语法学以描写和解释语言能力为目标, 提出语法假设和理论来揭示其规律, 说明其原因。乔姆斯基说, 与其把生成语法看作一种理论, 不如看作一门“学科”, 其性质和研究方法与以往的语言学有本质的区别, 它是建立在三个基本的假设之上:

(1) 语言是一个自足的认知系统, 语言能力独立于人的其他认知能力。

(2) 句法是一个自足的形式系统, 独立于语言结构的词汇和语义部分。

(3) 描写语义的手段是以真值条件为基础的某种形式逻辑。

2.“认知语法”Cognitive Grammar, (Langacker, R.W) 。

跟“生成语法”注重形式、从形式出发相反, “认知语法”注重意义、从意义出发。Langacker据此提出三个与“生成语法”针锋相对的假设:

(1) 语言不是一个自足的认知系统;对语言的描写必须参照人的一般认知规律。

(2) 句法不是一个自足的形式系统;句法 (和词法) 在本质上跟词汇一样是一个约定俗成的象征系统;句法分析不能脱离语义。

(3) 基于真值条件的形式逻辑用来描写语义是不够用的, 因为语义描写必须参照开放的、无限度的知识系统。

二、用“生成语法”指导基本语法规则教学

众所周知, 英语最基本的语法规则几乎都是固定的。对于基本的语法规则, 学习者几乎不可能从意义出发去掌握这些规则。“A generative grammar views linguistics combinatorially, through use of formal grammars. A generative grammar is defined as one that is fully explicit, in the sense that it consists of a set of rules by which it is possible to decide whether any given sentence is grammatical or not.” (N. Chomsky) 。乔姆斯基在此强调了“rules” (语法规则) 对“explicit” (达意) 的影响。因此, 要想真正学好英语语法, 就要在学习中自觉运用“生成语法”的基本原理:“语言是一个自足的认知系统, 语言能力独立于人的其他认知能力” (N. Chomsky) , 排除来自于母语思维的影响, 牢记语法基本原则, 构建基本的语法框架。具体说来应该掌握以下几个方面知识:

(1) 词类:名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、代词、冠词、介词、助词、连词。

(2) 时态:现在、过去、将来时态, 然后在此基础上拓展相应时态。

(3) 语态:主动语态与被动语态;主动语态用来表示被动语态。

(4) 语气:真实条件与虚拟语气。

(5) 句式:简单句五种基本句式, 八种感叹句的特殊表达。

(6) 从句:名词性从句 (主、宾、表、同位语) , 定语从句, 状语从句体系。

三、用“认知语法”指导对语法难点的理解

在掌握了基本的语法规则之后, 学习者常常会发现对于一些复杂的语法现象难以理解。这时就需要运用“认知”这个概念。“认知语法”认为人类语言由语义单位 (semantic units) 、语音单位 (phonological units) 以及符号单位 (symbolic units) 组成。该理论也是目前为国内大多数人接受的理论模式。“Target structure is the result of conceptualization. It is essentially the coding of language unit and the context.. grammar plays the role of supplying potential conventionalization.” (Langacker) .要使语义单位达到“conceptualization” (概念化) 的结果, 必须先要经过大量“conceptualized”的训练, 也就是说在符合基本语法规则的前提下, 才可能实现这一目标。如下面两句话:

(1) We can’t help her break the code. It’s too elaborate.

(2) We can’t help her breaking the code. It’s too simple.

在这两个句子中, 学习者用“生成语法”的原理, 记住了“can’t help sb do sth”, “没法帮助某人做某事”, 但是如果仍这样去理解 (2) , 那就大相径庭了。这时候就需要把语义单位 (semantic units) 和文脉关系 (contextual details) 结合在一起。由于后面的单词“Simple”提供了另外一个语义, 从而理解“can’t help sb doing sth”中“help”实为“prevent”之意。

又如:

(3) Some authors write because they have a story to tell.

(4) Some authors write because they have to tell a story.

初看两句话, 似乎无多大区别。但是这种语序的调整, 带来了意思上本质的不同。“If the target structure is acknowledged by grammar, it can be converted to a perceptible expression, with schematization and conceptualization with or across structures .The expression can be processed either directly or with cognitive interventions like schematization and conceptualization.” (Langacker) 所以, 根据“cognitive interventions” (认知干预) 可知 (3) 为:“有些作家写文章是因为感到有东西可写。”而 (4) 的意思则为“有些作家写文章是因为非写不可。”

四、结语

Ross (1972) 在其论文“The category squish” (《范畴的果酱性》) 中指出了语法中存在的一些概念模糊和范畴模糊的现象:“语法规则不是要么适用要么不适用, 而是在一定程度上适用;语法成分不是要么属于某一语法范畴或要么不属于某一语法范畴, 而是在一定程度上属于。”Quirk (1985) 亦认为语法在某种程度上是一个不明确的体系, 在许多不同范畴或结构之间, 往往缺乏明确的界限, 而且这种模糊性分布很广。学习者在学习语法的过程中一定不要生搬硬套某一种理论。就目前现存的这两种主流的语法理论, 笔者认为也应“模糊”两种理论的界限, 综合运用两种理论中最适用的部分来指导自己学习英语语法。

摘要：本文在对比认知语法与生成语法的基础上, 根据两种理论的基本原理, 用简单通俗的语言阐明其在英语语法教学中的实际应用, 并力图模糊语言理论边界, 根据有利于掌握英语语法的原则, 把两种看似对立的理论统一地运用于英语语法教学之中。

关键词：生成语法,认知语法,英语语法教学

参考文献

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[2]徐广联.大学英语语法讲座与测试[M].华东理工大学出版社, 1998, 11.

[3]卢植.认知与语言——认知语言学引论[M].上海外语教育出版社, 2006.

[4]王寅.认知语法概论[M].上海外语教育出版社, 2006.

篇4：初一英语语法教学大纲

一、教学课题

Book4 Unit3 Grammar——V-ing form used as the object complement， predicative and attribute

二、教学目标

1.知识目标：掌握V-ing作宾补、表语和定语的用法。

2.能力目标：提高灵活运用V-ing的能力。

3.情感目标：通过探究、合作学习培养团队精神，体验学习语法的乐趣。

三、教学重难点

区别V-ing form的各种用法并加以灵活运用。

四、教学方法

讲练结合完成六个环节的任务，小组合作完成游戏环节。

五、教学过程

1.Watching the film makes a lot of people excited.

2.A lot of people enjoy watching the film.

3.The actors and the actress are charming.

4.The fascinating film is popular with the audience.

5.Their subtle acting makes the film attracting .

设计说明：用图配文，呈现5个含有V-ing的句子，让学生在情景中复习已学V-ing作主语、宾语的用法（头两句），初步感知V-ing作表语、定语和宾补的用法（后三句），导入新课。

Step2.Exploring

1.My job is teaching English.Teaching English is interesting.

2.His job is acting.His acting is so amusing.

设计说明：通过展示作者自己的照片和憨豆先生的图，呈现V-ing作表语的句子，引导学生探索规律，小结V-ing form作表语的常用词，如astonishing， amusing等。

1.A swimming man is in a swimming pool.

2.A walking man carries a walking stick.

3.The man swimming in the pool is Tom.

=The man who is swimming in the pool is Tom.

4.The man walking in the picture carries a stick.

=The man who is walking in the picture carries a stick.

设计说明：通过动感的图对比例句中不同的V-ing形式的用法，引导学生区别动名词和现在分词，然后做句型转换练习，使学生发现、比较、领悟V-ing作定语的形式、意义和用法。

Step4.Listening and learning

Listen to a song Love written by John Lennon， focusing on the V-ing form in the lyrics（歌词）.Try to fill in the blanks.

Love is feeling， feeling love； Love is wanting to be loved；

Love is reaching， reaching love； Love is asking to be loved；

Love is knowing； Love is living， living love；

Love is needing to be loved.

设计说明：让学生在新鲜而又真实的任务驱动下，保持最佳学习状态，感受在英文歌曲中学习语法的巨大乐趣。

Step5.Experiencing

1.We watch five kids running towards us in the picture.

2.We find the picture cheering.

3.The child has the cat keeping something in mind.

4.We see the child teaching the cat a lesson.

设计说明：选择生动、有趣的图片辅助看图造句，然后让学生体验、小结V-ing作宾补的用法。

Step6.Practising （课本21页中的短文填词练习）

设计说明：精心选出课本中涉及V-ing的练习，引导学生溯本追源，在语篇中运用语法。

六、教学反思

篇5：初一英语下册语法

主语+will+动词原形

2. 标志词：tomorrow, next day/month/year等表示将来的时间

3. 否定句：be动词后加not;will后加not

e.g. He is not going to have a piano lesson this weekend.

He will not have a piano lesson this weekend.

4. 疑问句：将be动词提前;将will提前

e.g. Is he going to have a piano lesson this weekend?

Will he going to have a piano lesson this weekend?

篇6：初一英语语法总结

1、名词

A）、名词的数（   ）

                                           



一）直接接s 如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二）x, sh, ch, s, 后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies，documentary-documentaries, story-stories 2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯

五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员

九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals;但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡

十一）单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如：Is(I’s)，Ks(K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二）特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen B）名词的格（      

）

当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成              如下：

一）单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s 二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’;Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day妇女节

由and连接两个词，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间（共住一间），Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）

2、代词（  ）

人称代词      物主代词       指示代词



    反身代词

第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself he him his his himself it it its its this that itself 复数 they them their theirs these those themselves

3、动词（ ）A）第三人称单数

当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数复数那样加s，如下：一）一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二）在x, sh, ch, s后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys B）现在分词      

当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，                  ing 构成如下：

一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

二、初一英语语法——句式

1.陈述句( )肯定式（ ）

a)This is a book.(be动词)b)He looks very young.(连系动词)c)I want a sweat like this.(实义动词)d)I can bring some things to school.(情态动词)e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be结构)否定式（ ）

b)a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)2.祈使句     肯定祈使句

a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!c)Come in, please.否定祈使句a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑问句

1)一般疑问句 a)Is Jim a student? b)Can I help you? c)Does she like salad? d)Do they watch TV? e)Is she reading? 肯定回答: a)Yes, he is.b)Yes, you can.c)Yes, she does.d)Yes，they do.e)Yes, she is.否定回答: a)No, he isn’t.b)No, you can’t.c)No, she doesn’t.d)No, they don’t.e)No, she isn’t.2)选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.3)特殊疑问句

① 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.② 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.③ 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.④ 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.⑤ 问原因 Why do you want to join the club? ⑥ 问时间 What’s the time?(=What time is it?)It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦ 问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.⑧ 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨ 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? ⑩ 问东西 What’s this/that(in English)? It’s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 问字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.14 问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.15 问电话号码 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.16 问谓语(动作)What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.17 问职业(身份)What do you do? I’m a teacher.What’s your father? He’s a doctor.三、初一英语语法——时态

1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有：

Be 动词：She’s a worker.Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.情态动词：I can play the piano.Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.行为动词：They want to eat some tomatoes.Do they want to eat any

tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch.Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.2、现在进行时 表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它.I’m playing baseball.Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter.Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.They’re listening to the pop music.Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.4、形容词的级

我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：

一）一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer-nicest, larger-largest 二）以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母＋1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三）以辅音字母＋y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier

friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四）特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)good/wellmore most bad/ill – worse worst little-less least old-older/elder oldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthest