英汉翻译大赛原文

2022-07-24

第一篇:英汉翻译大赛原文

第十一届翻译大赛初赛原文

第十一届“语言桥”杯翻译大赛

初赛原文

1. Look at this dialogue and translate it twice as required.Consider the word dog. The word dog evokes very different images in the minds of those who have been bitten by dogs and those who have not. Dog lovers can distinguish different kinds of dogs and point out their respective characteristics, while people who are not interested in dogs cannot. But this does not keep anyone from understanding and using the word dog. With this in mind, I feel that the meaning of a word should be as follows: the sum total of all the individual experience and knowledge we have in connection with a certain phonological shape.

(1) Translate this paragraph, paying attention to the italicized words, and doing justice to the length of content of the source text.

(2) Translate it again, in about two lines, by preserving what may be considered as the essence of this episode (about 30 words) while deleting the seemingly unnecessary parts. Imagine that the entire works where this paragraph occurs is expected to be abridged in the rendering as wanted by the publisher or client.

2. Translate this short passage, making it accurate in the author’s points of view and representing it in the same serious academic style.

What can be understood without being said is usually, in the interest of economy, not said … A person making a statement in the form, ‘Some S is P’, generally wishes to suggest that some S also is not P. For, in the majority of cases, if he knew that all S is P, he would say so [...] If a person says, ‘Some grocers are honest’, or ‘Some books are interesting’, meaning to suggest that some grocers are not honest or that some textbooks are not interesting, he is really giving voice to a conjunctive proposition in an elliptical way.

3. Translate this paragraph, making it like literature – in the same style as the source text.

The great royal gardens of France owe their existence to a war that took X down through Italy until, in 1495, he reached the kingdom of Naples, which was ruled at the time by the mad Y. Y wasn’t just mad, he was mad about gardening, and he is said to have fled with packets of his favorite seeds, so that he could start new gardens in exile in Sicily. So X got to see, and to inhabit, a state-of-the-art garden -- and it had avenues, and fountains and baths and -- oh -- it had a hippodrome and there was nothing like it in France.

4. Translate this into English, sounding like journalism of a certain type.

11月8日,北京商务印书馆迎来了数十位满头银发的老人。这些老人走在街上,恐怕不被多少人认识,但是经由他们笔下译介的外国文学名著,则几乎无人不知,如专门翻译福克纳小说的李文俊、与萧乾共同翻译《尤利西斯》的文洁若、翻译毛姆作品的傅惟慈。各位资深翻译家为了缅怀施咸荣先生对文学翻译事业所做的贡献汇聚一堂。

第二篇:第二届荣鼎杯全国青年日语翻译口译大赛原文

所谓环境,是围着我们人类,拥有与我们人类相互作用和相互影响的周围世界,即由人文环境,人造环境和自然环境共同组成的综合环境。

广辞源解释说,所谓环境:①围绕的区域;②四周的外界,周围的情况。

宫内泰介说,即便目睹大自然森林,也多以某种形式经过人类加工过的形态。并且,即便完全是人类加工过的田地,从生物多元性来看,也多散发着珍贵大自然的气息。

深入思考自然与人之间的关系,其结果告知我们,关键还是在于人与人之间的关系。特别是库孟孜的观点:居住地的居民,以各种形式伴随着大自然从过去一直走到今天。

同样,井口博贵说,凡是执拗于环境只为人类服务,那么人类与大自然的关系就会疏远开去。 从这个意义说,人或者企业法人的意识和行为的方式影响着周围的环境。

倘若人或者企业法人的意识和行为方式善待环境,那么,人文环境﹑人造环境以及自然环境就会朝着可持续发展的良性方向发展。

问题是,企业法人的发展导致祖先留下的传统文化走向灭亡,架构起没有企业便一事无成的社会构造。

再者,企业法人热衷于自己企业利益,损害大自然,并且无视废水﹑废气和废弃物对环境构成的破坏性。从现象看,受害者是环境,但实质上,环境是企业赖以生存的基盘。

例如,企业破坏环境的结果,不得不吞下政府发出的生产停止令﹑接受根据公害病判决的刑罚和赔偿等直至破产倒闭的恶果。可见,企业正在受到“三废(废水,废气,废弃物)”的无声侵蚀。

近年来,出现了二氧化碳﹑氟利昂等造成的地球趋暖化,出现了尾气排放形成的大气污染,出现了沙漠化扩大和地盘下沉,出现了废弃物的非法扔弃﹑填埋场污水和工厂废水带来的河水与海水严重污染,还出现了由焚烧造成的二次污染等不忍目睹的现象。因此,研究如何改善上述动摇人类生存基盘的环境问题和制定对策则成了燃眉之急。也许,应该从战略高度根本解决日益严峻的环境问题之角度出发,以环境法和环境道德为基准,例如,也许应该把构筑回收再生利用体系﹑构筑环境教育体系﹑构筑申领ISO认证体系作为最优先考虑的课题吧?!

中国的上海城,被称之为国际大都市,也被称之为世界最大工厂集结地。诚然,世界“500强”跨国企业争先恐后地把工厂﹑分公司和办事处设在了上海。美国和日本等先进国的大量制造﹑大量消费﹑大量废弃之新生活方式也早已在中国上海着陆,废弃物的排放量也早已登上日均14﹐440吨。

在上述状况下,如果不迅速研究和制定环境问题的有效对策,上海有可能变成垃圾城﹑污水城和废气城,从而将难以实现可持续发展的环境。

老实说,经济发展和环境保护两者并立确实是困难事。但即便这样,也不能怠慢两者并驾齐驱的大事。即,以实现经济和环境两者同时可持续发展的目标,保持两者在科学技术上的平衡,构筑人可以放心生活的环境。本研究课题是《关于朝着可持续发展的企业贡献之考察--以实现科学回收利用为目标》,拟参考日本先进经验,提供“应对上海经济发展如何加速环境保护步伐”的讨论抓手。

根据卡诺爱戴论文《关于朝着可持续发展的企业贡献之考察--以实现科学回收利用为目标》 附日本国某市有关垃圾分类的规定,如下:

可燃垃圾:蓝色半透明袋,厨房垃圾类(必须沥水),纸屑类,塑料类,被褥和地毯(缚成1米以内),布、皮革和橡胶类,木屑(锯成50厘米左右)。

不可燃垃圾:①透明袋,金属类,陶瓷等,煤气灶(取出电池),玻璃类,喷罐(必须开孔),小型家电,干电池(纽扣电池和充电式电池,请归还给销售店)。②化妆品瓶,破瓶,荧光管和杯子等玻璃制品;缺损或碎裂的一公斤瓶和啤酒瓶。

回收物:①空罐(放入回收容器):食物和饮料的空罐(不要区分铁皮罐和铝皮罐,放入相同回收容器),由于占用空间,因此可弄癟的空罐尽可能弄癟,并且取出异物,用水洗涤里面。②笨重垃圾:橱,床,桌子,沙发,席梦思,自行车,晾衣杆,晾衣架,滑雪器具,暖炉等。③玻璃瓶(放

1 入回收容器):玻璃瓶(酒和饮料和调料等)。取出异物,用水洗涤里面,并且取下盖子(将盖子放入垃圾)。④生料瓶(放入回收容器):啤酒瓶(地方产啤酒和外国产啤酒,放入“玻璃瓶”回收容器),一公斤瓶“茶色和绿色”(磨砂玻璃瓶放入“玻璃瓶”回收容器)。取下盖子,用水洗涤里面(将盖子放入垃圾)。⑤旧纸类:旧纸类,杂志和纸箱和包装纸,报纸和插页广告,纸板箱,纸盒(洗涤里面,剪开),每种类都要用“纸带”缚住,并且,纸以外东西(塑料等)不要混入。⑥聚乙烯塑料瓶(放入回收容器):限于标签上注有“回收”记号的饮料﹑酒类和酱油的聚乙烯塑料瓶。由于占用空间,因此要弄癟(标签不要取下),并且取下盖子,用水洗涤里面(盖子放入垃圾)。

危险物:车、摩托车、踏板车(也包括部件),蓄电池,轮胎,灭火器,废油,液化气钢瓶,大油桶,农机具,塑料大棚,农药,大型槽罐,锅炉,建筑废材,医疗废弃物(注射器等)等。

特定家电产品(家电也回收利用):空调,冰箱,冷冻库,洗衣机,电视机(显像管式),电脑。 企事业系统垃圾:从商店和企事业单位排出的一般垃圾,不能拿到家庭垃圾收集场所。请自行搬运到处理设施或者委托被批准的收集搬运企业。建筑废材和医疗废弃物等产业废弃物,请委托处理产业废弃物的企业妥善处臵。

其它:炉灰和宠物厕所用的沙等,请自己搬运到处理设施或者委托被批准收集搬运的企业。犬和猫等宠物的粪便,请除去沙等冲入自家厕所。

第三篇:英汉对比与翻译

被动与主动

英语多用被动句,而汉语少用被动句,多采用主动的表达方式。

英语常用被动句,主要有以下几方面的原因:

1.施事的原因。

A 施事未知而难以言明。

B 施事从上下文中可以不言自明。

C 施事不如受事重要,或受事需要强调。

D 由于特殊的原因而不要指明施事,如为了使叙述显得圆通,得体,或为了表达某种微妙的情绪。

Some things have been said here tonight that ought not to have been spoken.

今晚有人在此讲了些不该讲的话。

2. 句法的要求。

A 为了使句子承上启下,前后连贯,便于衔接。

Some kinds of plastics can be forced through machines which separate them into long, thin things, called “fibres”, and these fibres can be made into cloth.

B 为了保持句子平衡。

I was astounded that he was prepared to give me a job

3. 修辞的考虑。

英语修辞学主张不要过分使用被动句,但适当使用被动句可以使表达方法灵活多变,避免句型单调,达到一定的修辞效果。

4. 文体的需要。

某些文体较多使用被动句,以迎合其表达的需要。 例如科技文体,新闻文体,公文文体等,以显客观,正式。

It‟s traditional among technical writers to keep themselves in the background, to exclude personal pronouns and emphasize their work instead.

由于铝总是和其他元素结合在一起的,所以,在自然界找不到处于游离状态的铝。

原译: Since aluminium is always combined with other elements in nature, we can never find it.

Since aluminium is always combined with other elements in nature, it is never found free.

我们将理论设想与模拟实验结果进行比较,发现该理论设想完全可以应用于电力系统。

The theoretical prediction was compared to the results from simulated tests and was found to be applicable to power system.

汉语少用被动句

汉语的被动语态有较明显的消极情态色彩,历史上曾经被称为 “不幸语态”(the Inflictive-Voice)。

汉语中实际存在两种被动句:

一是有形态标志的被动句。

形态标志主要指的是“被,受,遭”等词语,又称为结构被动句。

The aged should be respected everywhere.

老人应到处受到尊敬。

She was caught in the downpour.

她叫大雨淋着了。

The dictionaries have been affected with damp.

字典受潮了。

Two-thirds of the area are covered with immense forests of pine, spruce and birch.

面积的三分之二由广阔的松林,云杉林和白桦林所覆盖。

If this suggestion is accepted, it should not be considered as a precedent.

如果此建议被接受,以后不得引以为例。

We were received with great honor and kindness in your great country.

我们在贵国受到过隆重和盛情的接待。

另一种被动句是无形态标志的被动句,又称为意义被动句。

杯子打了。

这个座位占了。

新产品总是好卖。

那个技术性难题很难解决。

Only objects struck by the light are visible.

只有被光照到的东西才能被看见。

光照到的物体是可见的。

汉译英

A 汉语的“意义被动句”译为英语的被动语态。

军备竞赛必须制止。

The arms race must be stopped.

我们的团结进一步加强了。

Our unity has been further strengthened.

B. 汉语的无主句往往转换成英语被动句。

必须保证8小时睡眠。

Eight hours‟ sleep must be guaranteed.

发现了错误,一定要改正。

Wrongs must be righted when they are discovered.

C. 有时将主动句转移为英语被动句是为了上下文的连贯,使句子之间的衔接紧密自然。

那个孩子在街上玩,一辆摩托车把他撞伤了。

The boy playing in the street was injured by a motorcycle.

他出现在舞台上,观众给予热烈鼓掌。

He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.

英译汉中的一个普遍而又可理解的现象:不适当的乱用”被”。

Unless something is moved, no work is done.

除非某种东西被移动,否则功就不会被完成。

除非某种东西发生了移动,否则就没有功。

英译汉

A

转换成汉语的意义被动句。

Solution to the problem was ultimately found.

这个问题的解决办法终于找到了。

On their domestic stations events in the Middle East were dismissed briefly.

在他们国内电台的广播中,中东事件只轻描淡写地报导了一下。

B 变状语或其他成分为主语,把原主语转换成宾语。

Friction can be reduced and the life of the machine prolonged by lubrication.

润滑能减少摩擦,延长机器寿命。

C 如原句无表施动者的状语,考虑到汉语的表达习惯,可适当填词,如 “人, 人们,大家,我们”。

The lecture is considered very important for beginners.

大家认为这个讲座对初学者来说很重要。

Although the first synthetic materials were created little more than a hundred years ago, they can now be found almost everywhere.

虽然首批合成材料仅在一百多年前才研制出来,但现在人们几乎都到处能见到它们。

D 转换成汉语无主句。

A force is needed to stop a moving body.

要使运动的物体停下来,就需要施加力。

E 有些英语被动句被动意义很弱,侧重强调或肯定某一事实或行为的存在,可按原句语序译成汉语“是„.的”判断句。

History is made by the people.

历史是人民创造的。

The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872.

美国的学分制是一八七二年在哈佛大学首先实施的。

F 用“加以”,“予以”等字眼。

These problems should be resolved at an appropriate time with an appropriate means.

这些问题应当在适当的时候,以适当的方式加以解决。

Our prisoners of war must be repaired without further delay.

我们的战俘必须毫不延迟地予以遣返。

英语被动语态有其独到的修辞功能.

比较:

The games of the 29th Olympiad in 2008 are awarded to the city of Beijing.

Beijing has been awarded the games of the 29th Olympiad.

在翻译被动语态时,句尾信息核心原则(the Principle of Endfocus)不可遗忘。

应用文翻译

应用文就体裁而言,几乎涵盖当今政治,经济,社会,文化生活的各个领域,包括政府文件,告示,科技论文,新闻报道,法律文书,商贸信函,产品说明书,使用手册,广告,技术文本,科普读物,旅游指南(tourist guidebook)等各类文本。

应用文翻译有别于文学翻译。

按照功能翻译学派的理论:翻译是一种有目的的交际活动。在这一过程中,译者应该根据客户或委托人的要求,结合翻译的目的和译语读者的具体情况,来决定原语文本信息的选择,翻译策略的运用及译文的表现形式,以满足不同文本的功能。

文本类型分类

按照文本功能,文本可分为三种:

表达型文本(expressive texts)

信息型文本(informative texts)

呼唤型文本(vocative texts)

表达型文本的核心是作者的思想,其在文本中的地位是神圣的,因而作者的个性成分构成了表达型文本的表达要素,包括他所要传递的思想,信息以及表达思想的方式。

Question: 哪些体裁属于表达型文本?

文学作品,私人书信等

信息型文本中,信息传达的“真实性”是这类文本的“核心”,而作者在文本中只是处于一种“匿名”的地位,作者的个人写作手法,风格或者个人成分不再重要。

Question: 哪些体裁属于信息型文本?

科技报告,法律文书,合同,商品说明书等。

对于信息型文本(科技,法律,新闻)的翻译来说,其侧重点在于信息的准确传递。在这些文体当中,引起读者的晦涩,曲解是大忌。因此,与一般的翻译文本不同,在形式与内容的关系上,它往往注重内容而轻形式,为突出信息传递的效果不惜改变原文形式。它不像文学作品那样追求对文学形象的审美体验。

The contract was declared null and void by the competent authority.

主管部门宣布合同无效。

We are looking forward with interest to your reply.

盼复。

Hijacked Jets Destroy Twin Towers and Hit Pentagon.

恐怖分子劫持客机撞向世贸双塔,美国国防部五角大楼也遭突袭。

呼唤型文本中,由于文本的“核心”是“读者层”,是需要呼唤读者去感受,反应,行动,因而文本作者的身份并不重要,包括他在文本中体现的个人成分:思想,风格。

Question: 哪些体裁属于呼唤型文本?

广告,包括商品,旅游广告等

对于呼唤型文本的翻译来说,其目的在于诱导。非常注重读者的反应。意在唤起读者去体验去行动,它更看重的是译文的效果而不是原文。

在翻译策略上,基本以“归化”为主流。

以目的语读者为中心,顺从译文读者的欣赏习惯和心理感受,尽量使用他们所熟悉的语言表达形式,减少信息交流与文化交流的障碍,去获取译文预期的效果。甚至原文的信息都可以考虑增删,改动,以配合读者的需要。这是它大大不同于文学翻译的地方。

M&M’ melts in your mouth, not in your hands. 只溶于口,不溶于手。

Where there is a way for car, there is a Toyota. 车到山前必有路,有路必有丰田车。

Not all cars are created equal.

古有千里马,今有三菱车。

总而言之,在具体的操作中,很少有文本是只有单纯一种功能的,大部分文本都是以一种功能为主而其他二者兼而有之。因此,译者必须首先确定一种文本的主要功能,或在同一文本不同部分确定每一部分的语言功能,从而有针对性地采用相应的翻译策略和手法,或忠实传递原文信息,或顾及译文读者,注重译文效果。

英汉旅游文本对比与翻译

旅游文本包括旅游景点介绍,旅游宣传广告,旅游告示标牌,民俗风情画册等。

旅游资料是一种大众化的,喜闻乐见的通俗读物,它的目的就是要让普通游客读懂看懂并能从中获取相关的自然,地理,文化,风俗等方面的知识,并有到此一游的愿望。

旅游资料主要有两个功能:一是传递信息;二是诱导行动。其功能更像商品广告,目的是要吸引游客,最大限度地取得旅游产品的预期功能。

英汉旅游文本的差异

满树金花,芳香四溢的金桂;花白如雪,香气扑鼻的银桂;红里透黄,花多味浓的紫砂桂;花色似银,季季有花的四季桂,竟相开放,争妍媲美。进入桂花公园,阵阵桂花花香扑鼻而来。

The Park of Sweet Osmanthus is noted for its profusion of osmanthus. Flowers from these trees in different colors are in full bloom, which pervade the whole garden with the fragrance of their blossoms.

Tiny islands are strung around the edge of the peninsula like a pearl necklace: hunks of coral reef, coconut palms and fine white sand.

座座岛屿玲珑小巧,紧密相连,像一串珍珠缀成的项链,环绕着半岛边缘。岛上椰树成片,沙滩如银,四周满是红色的珊瑚礁,景色如诗如画。

英文旅游文体大多简洁,明了,客观力求忠实再现自然。最忌罗嗦堆砌,失其自然流畅之美。

汉语讲究四言八句,言辞华美,声情并茂,诗情画意盎然,情景相融,虚实相生,充满了意境美,色彩美,音韵美,情感美,极大地迎合了中华民族的审美心理和欣赏习惯。

英汉互译

汉译英------修辞性减译

英译汉------修辞性增译

Venice invites idleness and strolling. Its silence is restful and its sundials are inscribed with the words: Horas non mumero nisi serenas (I count only the happy hours).

威尼斯是人们休闲解闷,闲庭信步的好去处,她宁静从容,闲适悠然,连城中的日就上都刻着这样的铭文:“只记幸福时光”。

阿坝州风光秀丽,山河壮美。座座雪峰耸入云霄,原始森林遮天盖地,莽莽草原花团锦簇,叠溪遗迹神秘奥妙,瀑布溪流蜿蜒跌宕,高山湖泊灿若明珠,藏羌村寨别具一格,肥沃河谷瓜果飘乡。

The beautiful landscapes of Aba Prefecture feature towering snow-clad mountains, crisscrossing rivers, and boundless forests and grassland. On this fertile land are peculiar geological ruins, fantastic streams and waterfalls, alpine lakes, and Tibetan and Qiang villages.

注释性增译或改译

The earliest recorded eruption of Vesuvius occurred in 79 A.D. and destroyed Pompeii.

有记录记载的最早的维苏威火山喷发是在公元79年,摧毁了庞贝古城。

归化

As one of the Four Tigers in Asia, Hong Kong is also known as the Oriental Pearl and the Shopping Paradise.

作为亚洲四小龙之一的香港,同样被誉为“东方之珠”和“购物天堂”。

Singapore, the smallest nation in Asia, occupies a 225 square mile expanse of swamping, tropical islands---an area about the size of Trenton, New Jersay.

亚洲最小的国家新加坡是一个热带国家,原是一片洼地,面积为225平方英里,远不如香港的一半大。

英汉企业推介文本的差异与翻译

企业推介文本是对外宣传企事业单位形象的一个主要途径,用最直接有效的方式让国外读者或消费者了解自己,以促成购买的欲望与行为。

企业推介文本属于呼唤型文本,其翻译的核心是传递信息,感染受众。

英汉企业推介文本的差异

内容

语言

内容

我国企业在推介自己时,多在炫耀自己是成功者,竭力为读者树立一个强大而可靠的形象,以博取消费者的信赖。

我国的简介在内容上常常千篇一律,一般都是包括企业的经营性质,注册资金,从业人员,厂房占地面积,产品介绍,获奖情况等。

英文的推介显得灵活轻松,以人为本,客观具体,突出信息功能,把功夫放在给读者留下切实可行的印象上。

语言

汉语修辞讲究词句整齐对仗,声韵和谐。重视凝练概括,辞藻华丽。大量渲染烘托,夸大煽情。常常用响亮的口号作为结尾。

英语

不示人以其艺术性的艺术是最高的艺术。

这一修辞传统造成西方话语推崇质朴自然,在平实中显生动,重客观表述事实,不提倡文字表达重过分张扬,空洞无物,重复堆砌。因此,英语企业推介文本行文简洁直接,信息明确,逻辑条理清楚,一目了然。

精制老北京二锅头”为北京特产。已具百年历史,因具独特风格而蜚声华夏。该酒以红高粱为原料,采用传统工艺精制而成。本品清香纯正,醇甜绵柔,爽净协调,余味悠长,实为宴朋赠友之上品---精制老北京二锅头。

西凤酒是久负盛誉的名酒之一,远在唐代就被列为珍品,北宋末年,苏东坡任职凤翔,酷爱此酒,随之盛名益彰。1910年西凤酒参加南洋赛酒会获奖,随获世界声誉。

西凤酒清澈透明,香气浓郁,醇厚圆润,回味悠长,别具一格。饮后令人神声清爽,有通胃祛劳之功,历为广大群众所喜爱。---西凤酒

绵竹“剑南春”酒,久负盛名,曾多次荣获各种奖励,1989年荣获国家优质金奖,为中外人士赞赏。

“剑南春”历史悠久,唐人李肇《国史补》一书已有记载。

它是用高粱,大米,糯米,小麦,玉米酿造,具有芳香浓郁,醇和甘甜,清冽净爽,余味悠长的特点,是宴席馈赠之佳品。---剑南春

中铁XXX局集团有限公司是一支修建铁路,公路,承担市政建设,工业与民用建筑,设备安装,火电,水利水电,机场,港口,矿山建筑与安装的大型专业施工队伍。现有员工XXX名,拥有各类专业技术干部XXX名。

企业资产总值XXX亿多元,年施工能力XXX亿元以上,拥有各类大中型施工机械设备XXX台(套),拥有世界先进,国内一流的隧道,桥梁,铺架高等级公路和大型图示方机械化施工生产线,在全国500家最大经营规模建筑企业排序中名列第XXX位。

1999年通过ISO9002质量体系认证,获得英国UKAS证书,并取得国家对外开展经济合作业务的资格。2002年取得“铁路工程施工总承包特级”主项资质,进入全国99家特级企业行列。2003年通过GB/T28001职业安全健康管理体系和ISO14001环境管理体系认可。

公司先后被授予“全国工程建设管理先进单位”,“全国先进建筑施工企业”,“全国思想政治工作优秀企业”荣誉称号,连年被辽宁省信誉评级委员会评定为特级(AAA)信誉企业。

China Railway XXX Bureau Group Corporation is a builder comprehensively engaged in the construction for railways, highways and airports, civil engineering, water conservancy, thermalpower/ hydropower projects, mine building and equipment installations. The corporation has XXX employees among whom xxx are professional technicians.

Well equipped with xxx large-and-medium-sized construction equipment and a world-advanced productive line in the mechanized construction for tunnels, bridges, expressways and large-scale earthworks, it possesses a total capital of more than RMB xxx billion with an annual productive capacity of over RMB x billion, ranking xx among the 500 largest construction enterprises in China.

Entitled to be a superfine contractor in railway construction by the state in 2002, it was authorized as one of the 99 superfine enterprises in China.

处在世纪之交的XXX 铁路车辆(集团)有限责任公司,正在奋力实现“再现国家队雄风,再造新世纪辉煌,再为社会主义增光”的宏伟愿望,朝着“发展规模集团化,产品品种系列化,市场营销国际化,经营格局多元化,企业规模现代化”的目标迈进。公司将一如既往地坚持“信誉第一,用户至上”的宗旨,不仅以更多的高质量,高品位,高档次的新产品满足市场,而且以良好的作风,为广大用户提供一流的全过程的服务。

At the turn of the century, XXX Railway Rolling Stock(Group)Co.Ltd, is now striving hard in confidence and well on the way towards a global-market-oriented enterprise group to be well developed in management, marketing and product series. Focusing on our clients, we will continue with our credit to provide our customers with high quality and advanced products as well as our cover-all services.

天津师范大学是一所综合性的重点高等师范院校,诞生于1958年,随着共和国的成长,她也历经磨砺,走过了三十多年的风风雨雨。三十多年来,一批批德才兼备的教学,科研和管理人员汇集在这里,怀着振兴天津,振兴教育的希冀,在这块土地上默默地耕耘。春华秋实,硕果累累,两万多名教育教学人才走出学校大门,足迹遍及全国,桃李满天下。他们献身教育,殚思竭虑,为撑起教育的脊梁,托起明天的太阳。

Founded in 1958,the University has entered its fourth decade with a remarkable record of both hardship and achievements. It is now ranked as one of the key institutions of teacher training in China. In the past thirty years, hundreds of talented teachers, researchers and administrators have gathered and worked here in a continuous endeavor to meet the ever-increasing demands for educators both in Tianjin and the rest of the country.

More than 20 thousand students have graduated from the University and are now teaching nationwide. They have dedicated their wisdom and energy to the educational needs of the country in the firm conviction that future of China lies in the education of the younger generation.

国内外受众的思维共性,心理习惯,信息需求和言语表现方式等都有相当大的差异。

因此,在翻译企业推介文本时,应充分考虑译本受众的接受倾向,采取恰当的翻译策略。

文化差异与翻译

征婚广告

男, 未婚,36岁,身高172米,北京市某公司总经理,大学毕业,朴实自信。当过军人,记者,城市有私人豪华住宅(带泳池)及轿车。觅25岁以下,漂亮纯情,中专文化的女性,凭照片简历试缘。

女,48岁,身高1.58,有婚史,独居,初中文化,体健貌端,气质高雅,在某市工作,觅60岁以下(大中城市),65岁以下(海外),身高1.65以上,开朗大方,经济条件优裕的男士为伴。

S/W/M, 5‟10‟‟,165.Ibs., blonde hair, blue eyes, seeking attractive, slim lady between 28&40, who likes to go dancing and have a good time. I am social drinker. Enjoy 50‟s and 80‟s and country music, dancing, dining out, cookouts, sports. Great sense of humor but also a serious side. Please send photo and phone number. Thank you.

S/W/F, 31, 5‟6‟‟, blonde and tan! Seeking sun loving male, 26-42. Must be affectionate, honest, caring. But also can get wild and crazy! Interests: Romantic weekends, beaches, fishing, camping, cuddling, auto races, barbecues, flea markets. Loving for friendship or relationship? Enjoy summer activities? Pick up that pen and write!! Photo and phone number .

文化是一种复杂体,它包括知识,信仰,艺术,道德,法律,风俗,以及其余社会上习得的能力与习惯。

语言,文化与翻译

如同在做心脏手术时人们不能忽略心脏以外的身体其他部分一样,我们在翻译时也不能冒险将翻译的言语内容和文化分开来处理。

------Susan Bassnett

To do translation, you have to be both a bilingual and a bicultural.

(1)ecological culture

(2)material culture

(3)social culture

(4)religious culture

(5)linguistic culture

ecological culture

挥金如土 ;瑞雪兆丰年;

揠苗助长;解甲归田;瓜熟蒂落;

俯首甘为孺子牛 ;

黔驴技穷;人心齐,泰山移;

不到黄河心不死,不到长城非好汉。

福如东海,寿比南山。

all at sea

burn one‟s boats

sail before the wind

keep one‟s head above water

to sink or swim

to go with the stream

to clear the decks

all at sea

plain sailing

to rest on one‟s oars

to spend money like water

How many winter days have I seen him, standing blue-nosed in the snow and east wind.

Shall I compare thee to a summer‟s day Thou art more lovely and more temperate.

力大如牛---------as strong as a horse

老黄牛--------work like a horse

狐朋狗党

狗急跳墙 狼心狗肺 狗腿子

狗嘴里吐不出象牙

lucky dog

Every dog has his day.

Love me, love my dog.

Barking dogs never bite.

2. 物质文化对比

巧媳妇做不出没米的饭,叫我怎么样呢?

Even the cleverest housewife can‟t cook a meal without rice. What do you expect me to do?

I don‟t see what I am supposed to do without any capital. Even the cleverest housewife can‟t make bread without flour.

3. 社会文化对比

天下真有这样标致的人物,我今儿才算见了!况且这通身的气派,竟不像老祖宗的外孙女儿,竟是个嫡亲的孙女,怨不得老祖宗天天口头心头一时不忘,只可怜我这妹妹这样命苦,怎么姑妈偏就去世了!

4. 宗教文化对比

谋事在人,成事在天。

Man proposes, Heaven disposes.

Man proposes, God disposes.

周瑞家的听了笑道:“阿弥陀佛,真坑死人的事儿!等十年都未必这样巧的呢。”

Gracious Buddha!” Mrs. Zhou chuckled. “How terrible chancy! You might wait for ten years without such a run of luck.”

God bless my soul!” Zhou Rui‟s wife exclaimed. “You would certainly need some patience! Why, you might wait ten years before getting all those things at the proper times.”

5. 语言文化对比

宝钗笑道:“我说你得陇望蜀呢。我劝你且缓一缓。”

她有沉鱼落雁之容,闭月羞花之貌。

不要失了你的时了!你自己只觉得中了一个相公,就‘癞蛤蟆想吃起天鹅肉’来!

难道这也是个痴丫头,又像颦儿来葬花不成?” 因又自笑道:“若真也葬花,可谓东施效颦;不但不为新奇,而且更是可厌。

文化的差异给翻译带来的困难

词汇空缺

词义冲突

联想意义不同

词汇空缺

我属鸡。我从来不吃鸡。鸡年是我的本命年。

钱先生周岁时“抓周”,抓了一本书,因此得名“钟书”。

文化空缺不仅体现在词汇层面,还体现在语言层面。

表现在:语言韵律,修辞格,句子的长短,句子结构的紧凑或松散,篇章的层次,段落的排列组合,衔接等。

嘴上无毛,说话不牢。

Downy lips make thoughtless slips.

哼! 你别看我耳朵聋---可我的心并不聋啊!

Hem! Although my ears are dull of hearing, my mind is not dull of apprehension.

长相思

白居易

汴水流,泗水流,

流到瓜洲古渡头,

吴山点点愁。

思悠悠,

恨悠悠,

恨到归时方始休,

月明人倚楼。

Everlasting Longing Bai Juyi See the Bian River flow, And the Si River flow! By Ancient Ferry, mingling waves, they go, The Southern Hills reflect my woe. My thought stretches endlessly, My grief wretches endlessly, So thus my husband comes to me,

Alone on moon---lit balcony.

鲁大海:放开我,你们这群强盗!

周 萍: 把他拉下去!

鲁侍萍:这真是一群强盗!

(走到周萍面前)你是萍,„„凭---凭什么打我儿子?

Hai:

Let go of me, you hooligans!

Ping: Hustle him outside!

Ma:

You are hooligans, too! (going across to Zhou Ping) You‟re my---mighty free with your fists! What right have you to hit my son?

词义冲突

联想意义不同

等我性子上来,把这‘醋罐子’打个稀烂,他才认的我呢!

人家是醋罐子,他是醋缸,醋瓮!

“这断子绝孙的阿Q!”远远地听到小尼姑的带哭的声音。

一见面是寒暄,寒暄之后说我“胖了”,说我“胖了”之后即大骂其新党。(鲁迅《祝福》)

语言的融合

鳄鱼的眼泪------crocodile tears

橄榄枝------olive branch

特洛伊木马------Trojan horse

酸葡萄------sour grapes

白色污染------ white pollution

语言的融合

绿色食品------green food

网上购物------on-line shopping

快餐------fast food

网址------website

民主;科学;逻辑;雷达;维他命;超市

翻译方法

1. 直译法

直译指在一定程度上保留原文的语言表现形式,但前提条件是译文必须为译语读者所理解与接受------通顺易解。

奈达:最好的翻译应该读起来不像翻译。

又要马儿好,又要马儿不吃草。

You want the horse to run fast and you don‟t let it graze.

叫一声请,一起举箸,却如风卷残云一般,遭去了一半。看那周先生时,一箸也不曾下。

At the signal to begin, they fell to with their chopsticks, like a whirlwind scattering wisps of cloud. And half the food had gone before they noticed that Chou Chin had not eaten a bite.

她有沉鱼落雁之容,闭月羞花之貌。

Her beauty would make the fish sink, the wild goose fall down, the moon hide herself, and put the flowers to shame.

2. 套用法

在保留原有意义的前提下,套用或借用译语表达方式来代替原语的表达。

壮得像头牛--- as strong as a horse

聪明无比 --- as wise as an owl

胆小如鼠 --- as timid as a hare

急得像热锅上的蚂蚁 --- as nervous as a cat on a hot tin roof

海底捞针 --- to look for a needle in a haystack

想是翟家这奴才,走下乡狐假虎威着实恐吓了他一场。

It‟s all the fault of this rascal Chai. He goes down to the villages like a donkey in a lion‟s hide, and he must have scared this painter fellow out of his wits.

宝玉忙道:“只是这姑娘可好,你们大爷怎么就中意了?”香菱笑道:“一则是天缘,二来是‘情人眼里出西施’。

--- What‟s the girl like? How did he come to take a fancy to her?

--- It‟s partly fate, and partly a case of “Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder.”

不要失了你的时了!你自己只觉得中了一个相公,就‘癞蛤蟆想吃起天鹅肉’来!

“Don‟t be a fool!” he roared. “Just passing one examination has turned your head completely---you‟re like a toad trying to swallow a swan!”

宝钗笑道:“我说你得陇望蜀呢。我劝你且缓一缓。”

Bao-chai laughed. “You‟re like the famous general, „one conquest breeds appetite for another‟. I advise you to take things more gently.”

需注意:尽量避免使用译语中的具有典型民族文化特征的词语------不要给洋 人穿上长袍马褂。

as wise as Solomon 智如诸葛

to teach one‟s grandmother to suck eggs.

夫子庙前卖文章,关公面前耍大刀。

Two heads are better than one.

三个臭皮匠,胜过一个诸葛亮。

3. 直译加注法

这种方法既保留了原文的文化与语言色彩,又能为译语读者所理解。

人家是醋罐子,他是醋缸,醋瓮!

They call jealous people “vinegar bottles”, don‟t they? Well, she‟s not just a bottle full of vinegar; she‟s a storage jar --- a whole cistern --- full of it!

一见面是寒暄,寒暄之后说我“胖了”,说我“胖了”之后即大骂其新党。(鲁迅《祝福》)

After exchanging a few polite remarks when we met, he observed that I looked fat, and having made that complimentary remark he started a violent attack on the revolutionaries.

“难道这也是个痴丫头,又像颦儿来葬花不成?” 因又自笑道:“若真也葬花,可谓东施效颦;不但不为新奇,而且更是可厌。”

Can this be some silly maid coming here to bury flowers like Frowner?” he wondered. He was reminded of Zhuang-zi‟s story of the beautiful Xi-shi‟s ugly neighbor, whose endeavor to imitate the little frown that made Xi-shi captivating produced an effect so hideous that people ran from her in terror. The recollection of it made him smile. “This is „imitating the Frowner‟ with a vengeance,‟” he thought, “---if that is really what she is doing, not merely unoriginal, but downright disgusting!

“这断子绝孙的阿Q!”远远地听到小尼姑的带哭的声音。

“Ah Q, may you die sonless!” sounded the little nun‟s voice tearfully in the distance.(--- a curse intolerable to hear in China)

我属鸡。我从来不吃鸡。鸡年是我的本命年。

I was born in the Year of the Rooster. I never eat chicken. The Year of the Rooster will bring me good luck or bad luck.

Note: Chinese people traditionally use 12 animals, representing the 12 Earthly Branches, to symbolize the year in which a person is born. Spring Festival 1993, for example, is the first day of the Year of the Rooster. People born in this year have the rooster as their life symbol. All other years of the rooster, according to an old Chinese saying, become either good-or-bad-luck years for them.

钱先生周岁时“抓周”,抓了一本书,因此得名“钟书”。

When Qian was just one year old, he was told by his parents to choose one thing among many others, he picked up a book of all things. Thereupon his father very gladly gave him the name: Zhongshu(=book lover).

意译法

由于英汉两种语言存在巨大差异,意译是不可避免的。 意译的好处是译文易懂,但失去了原文的文化与语言色彩。

Free translation is the last resort.

等我性子上来,把这‘醋罐子’打个稀烂,他才认的我呢!

Y:

“One of these days when I really lose my temper, I‟m going to give that vinegary bitch a good beating to show her who‟s master here.”

H: One of these days when I get my temper up I‟m going to lay into that jealous bitch and break every bone in her body. Then perhaps she‟ll know who‟s master round here.

宝钗笑道:“我说你得陇望蜀呢。我劝你且缓一缓。”

Bao-chai laughed. “You‟re like the famous general, „one conquest breeds appetite for another‟. I advise you to take things more gently.”

“The more you get, the more you want!” Chuckled Pao-Chai.

天下真有这样标致的人物,我今儿才算见了!况且这通身的气派,竟不像老祖宗的外孙女儿,竟是个嫡亲的孙女,怨不得老祖宗天天口头心头一时不忘,只可怜我这妹妹这样命苦,怎么姑妈偏就去世了!

This is the first time I‟ve set eyes on such a ravishing beauty. Her whole air is so distinguished! She doesn‟t take after her father, son-in-law of our Old-Ancestress, but looks more like a Jia. No wonder our Old Ancestress couldn‟t put you out of her mind and was for ever talking or thinking about you. But poor ill-fated little cousin, losing your mother so young!

人家是醋罐子,他是醋缸,醋瓮!

They call jealous people „vinegar bottles‟, don‟t they? Well, she‟s not just a bottle full of vinegar; she‟s a storage jar --- a whole cistern --- full of it!

If other women are jealous, she‟s a hundred times.

她有沉鱼落雁之容,闭月羞花之貌。

Her beauty would make the fish sink, the wild goose fall down and the moon hide herself, and put the flowers to shame.

Her beauty is beyond description.

除了我这间房,大院里还有二十多间呢。一共住着多少家子,谁说得清?住两间房的就不多,又搭上今儿个搬来,明儿个又搬走。我没那么好的记性。大家见面,招呼声“吃了吗?”透着和气。

Besides the room we occupy there are twenty more rooms in the same compound. How many families live there, only God knows. Those who occupy two rooms are very few. Besides, they are always on the go, moving in today and moving out tomorrow. I haven‟t got such a good memory as to remember all that. When people meet, they greet with each other with a Hi, just to show their good neighborly feelings.

第四篇:外贸包装英汉翻译

纸箱Carton 瓦椤纸箱 Corrugated Carton

旧瓦椤纸箱 Old Corrugated Carton (O.C.C.) 木箱 Wooden Case 板条箱 Crate 木条箱 Wooden Crate

竹条箱 Bamboo Crate 胶合板箱 Plywood Case

三层夹板箱 3--Ply Plywood Case 镀锡铁皮胎木箱Tin Lined Wooden Case盒Box 木盒Wooden Box

铁盒Iron Box 塑料透明盒 Plastic Transparency Box

苯乙烯盒 Styrol Box 袋Bag(Sack)

布袋 Cloth Bag 草袋 Straw Bag

麻袋 Gunny Bag/Jute Bag 旧麻袋 Used Gunny Bag/Old Gunny Bag新麻袋 New Gunny Bag 尼龙袋 Nylon Bag

聚丙烯袋 Polypropylene Bag 聚乙烯袋 Polythene Bag

塑料袋 Poly Bag 塑料编织袋 Polywoven Bag

纤维袋 Fibre Bag 玻璃纤维袋 Glass Fibre Bag

玻璃纸袋 Callophane Bag 防潮纸袋 Moisture Proof Pager Bag

乳胶袋子Emulsion Bag 锡箔袋 Fresco Bag 特大袋 Jumbo Bag

单层完整袋子Single Sound Bag 桶 Drum

木桶 Wooden Cask 大木桶 Hogshead

小木桶 Keg 粗腰桶(琵琶桶) Barrel

胶木桶 Bakelite Drum 塑料桶 Plastic Drum

铁桶 Iron Drum 镀锌铁桶 Galvanized Iron Drum

镀锌闭口钢桶 Galvanized Mouth Closed Steel Drum

镀锌开口钢桶 Galvanized Mouth Opened Steel Drum

铝桶 Aluminum Drum 麻布包 Gunny Bale (Hessian Cloth Bag)

蒲包 Mat Bale 草包 Straw Bale

紧压包 Press Packed Bale 铝箔包 Aluminium Foil Package

铁机包 Hard-pressed Bale 木机包Half-pressed Bale

覃(缸)Jar 陶缸 Earthen Jar 瓷缸 Porcelain Jar

壶 Pot 铅壶 Lead Pot 铜壶Copper Pot

施 Bottle 铝瓶 Aluminum Bottle 陶瓶 Earthen Bottle

瓷瓶 Porcelain bottle 罐 Can 听 Tin 绕线筒 Bobbin

笼(篓、篮、筐)Basket 竹笼(篓、篮、筐)Bamboo Basket

柳条筐(笼、篮、筐)Wicker Basket 集装箱 Container

集装包/集装袋 Flexible Container 托盘 Pallet

件(支、把、个)Piece 架(台、套)Set(Kit)

安瓿 Amp(o)ule(药针支) 双 Pair

打 Dozen 令 Ream 匹 Bolt(Piece) 码Yard

卷(Roll(reel) 块Block 捆 Bundle 瓣 Braid

度 Degree 辆 Unit(Cart) 套(罩) Casing

包装形状 Shapes of Packing 圆形 Round 方形Square

三角形 Triangular(Delta Type) 长方形(矩形) Rectangular

菱形(斜方形) Rhombus(Diamond) 椭圆形 Oval 圆锥形 Conical圆柱形 Cylindrical 蛋形 Egg-Shaped 葫芦形 Pear-Shaped

五边形 Pentagon 六边形 Hexagon 七边形 Heptagon 八边形 Octagon

长 Long 宽 Wide 高 High 深 Deep 厚 Thick 长度 Length

宽度 Width 高度 Height 深度 Depth

厚度 Thickness 包装外表标志 Marks On Packing

下端,底部 Bottom 顶部(上部) Top(Upper)

小心 Care 勿掷 Don’t Cast

易碎 Fragile 小心轻放,小心装运 Handle With Care

起吊点(此处起吊) Heave Here 易燃物,避火 Inflammable

保持干燥,防泾 Keep Dry 防潮 keep Away from Moisture

储存阴冷处 Keep in a Cool Place 储存干燥处 Keep in a Dry Place

请勿倒置 Keep Upright 请勿倾倒 Not to Be Tipped

避冷 To be Protected from Cold 避热 To be Protected from Heat

在滚子上移动 Use Rollers 此方向上 This Side Up

由此开启 Open from This Side 爆炸品Explosive

易燃品 Inflammable 遇水燃烧品 Dangerous When Wet

有毒品 Poison 无毒品 No Poison

不可触摩 Hand off 适合海运包装 Seaworthy Packing

毛重 Gross Weight (Gr.Wt.) 净重 Net Weight (Nt.Wt)

皮重 Tare Weight 包装唛头 Packing Mark

包装容积 Packing Capacity 包袋件数 Packing Number

小心玻璃 Glass 易碎物品 Fragile

易腐货物 Perishable 液体货物 Liquid

切勿受潮 Keep Dry/Caution Against Wet 怕冷 To Be Protected from Cold

怕热 To Be Protected from Heat 怕火 Inflammable

上部,向上 Top 此端向上 This Side Up

勿用手钩 Use No Hooks 切勿投掷 No Dumping

切勿倒置 Keep Upright 切勿倾倒 No Turning Over

切勿坠落Do Not Drop/No Dropping 切勿平放 Not to Be Laid Flat

切勿压挤 Do Not Crush 勿放顶上 Do Not Stake on Top

放于凉处Keep Cool/Stow Cool 干处保管Keep in Dry Place

勿放湿处 Do Not Stow in Damp Place 甲板装运 Keep on Deck

装于舱内 Keep in Hold 勿近锅炉 Stow Away from Boiler

必须平放 Keep Flat/Stow Level 怕光 Keep in Dark Place

怕压 Not to Be Stow Below Other Cargo 由此吊起 Lift Here

挂绳位置 Sling Here 重心 Centre of Balance

着力点Point of Strength 用滚子搬运 Use Rollers

此处打开 Opon Here 暗室开启 Open in Dark Room

先开顶部 Romove Top First 怕火,易燃物 Inflammable

氧化物 Oxidizing Material 腐蚀品 Corrosive

压缩气体Compressed Gas 易燃压缩气体Inflammable Compressed Gas

毒品 Poison 爆炸物 Explosive

危险品 Hazardous Article 放射性物质Material Radioactive

立菱形 Upright Diamond 菱形 Diamond Phombus

双菱形 Double Diamond 内十字菱形 Gross in Diamond

四等分菱形 Divided Diamond 突角菱形Diamond with Projecting Ends

斜井形 Projecting Diamond 内直线菱形 Line in Diamond

内三线突角菱形 Three Line in Projecting Diamond 三菱形 Three Diamond

附耳菱形 Diamond with Looped Ends 正方形 Square Box

长方形 Rectangle 梯形 Echelon Formation

平行四边形 Parallelogram 井筒形 Intersecting Parallels

五边形 Pentagon 六边形 Hexagon

长六边形 Long Hexagon 圆形 Circle/Round

二等分圆 Bisected Circle 双环形 Crossed Circle

双圆形 Double Circle 双带圆形 Zoned Circle

长圆形 Long Circle 椭圆形 Oval

双缺圆形 Double Indented Circle 圆内三角形 Triangle in Circle

三角形 Triangle 六角星形 Hexangular Star

二重三角形 Double Triangle 对顶三角形 Hourgrass Touching Triangle

内外三角形 Three Triangle 十字形 Cross

圆内十字形 Cross in Circle 山角形 Angle

义架形 Crotch 直线 Line

月牙形 Crescent 心形 Heart

星形 Star 包装情况 Packing Condition

散装 In Bulk 块装 In Block

条装 In Spear 片装 In Slice

捆(扎)装 In Bundle 裸装 In Nude

裸散装 Bare in Loose 木托架立装 Straightly Stand on Wooden Shelf

传统包装 Traditional Packing 中性包装 Neutral Packing

水密Water Tight 气密 Air Tight

不透水包 Water Proof Packing 不透气包 Air Proof Packing

薄膜 Film Membrane 透明纸 Transparent Paper

牛皮纸 Kraft Paper 地沥青牛皮纸Bituminous Kraft Paper

腊纸 Waxpaper 厚板纸 Cardboard Paper

蒲、苇 Bulrush mat 防水纸 Water Proof Paper

保丽龙(泡沫塑料)Poly Foam(SnowBox) 竹条Bamboo Batten

竹篾 Bamboo Skin 狭木条Batten

铜丝 Brass Wire 铁丝 Iron Wire

铁条 Iron Rod 扣箍 Buckle

外捆麻绳Bound with Rope Externally

外裹蒲包,加捆铁皮Bale?Matted Iron-band-strapped Outside

块装外加塑料袋Block Covered with Poly Bag

每件外套一塑料袋 Each Piece Wrapped in a Poly Bag

机器榨包不带包皮Press Packed Bale without Wrapper

机器榨包以铁皮捆扎 Press Packed in Iron Hooped Bale

用牢固的纸箱装运 Packed in Strong Carton

适合于长途海洋运输 Suitable for Long Distance Ocean Transportation

适合出口海运包装 Packed in Seaworthy Carton for Export

全幅卷筒 Full with Rolled on Tube

每卷用素包聚乙烯袋装 Each Roll in Plain Poly Bag

混色混码 With Assorted Colours Sizes

每隔--码烫有边印With Selvedge Stamped Internally at Every--Yards

用…隔开 Portioned with 纸屑 Paper Scrap 纸条 Paper Slip

纸带 Paper Tape 纸层 Paper Wool 泡沫塑料 Foamed Plastics

泡沫橡胶Foamed Rubber

帆布袋内充水 Canvas Bag Filled with Water

包内衬薄纸 Lined with Thin Paper

内衬锡箔袋 Lined with Frescobag

内置充气氧塑料袋 Inner Poly Bag Filled with Oxygen

内衬牛皮纸 Lined with Kraft Paper

内衬防潮纸、牛皮纸 Lined with Moist Proof Paper &Kraft Paper

铝箔包装 In Aluminium Foil Packing

木箱内衬铝箔纸Lined with Aluminium Foil in the Wooden Case

双层布袋外层上浆 Double Cloth Bag with Outer Bag Starched

外置木箱 Covered with Wooded Case

外绕铁皮 Bound with Iron Bands Externally

胶木盖Bakelite Cover

外绕铁丝二道 Bound with Two Bands 0f Metal Wires Outside

标签上标有:Labels Were Marked with

纸箱上标有Cartons Were Marked with

包装合格 Proper Packing

包装完整 Packing Intact

包装完好 Packing Sound

正规出口包装 Regular Packing for Export

表面状况良好 Apparently in Good Order& Condition

包装不妥 Improper Packing

包装不固 Insufficiently Packed

包装不良 Negligent Packing

包装残旧玷污 Packing Stained &Old

箱遭水渍 Cartons Wet &Stained

外包装受水湿 With Outer Packing Wet

包装形状改变 Shape of Packing Distorted

铁皮失落 Iron Straps Off 钉上 Nailed on

尺寸不符 Off Size 袋子撕破 Bags Torn 箱板破 Case Plank Broken

单层牛皮纸袋内衬塑编布包装,25公斤/包 Packed in Single Kraft Paper Bag Laminated with PE Wovenbag 25Kgs Net Eash

三层牛皮纸袋内加一层塑料袋装,25公斤/包 Packed in 3-ply Kraft Paper Bags with PE Liner,25Kgs/bag

牛皮纸袋内压聚乙烯膜包装,25公斤/包 Packed in Kraft Paper Iaminated with Polyethylene Film of 25Kgs Net Each

两端加纸条 With a Paper Band at Both Ends

木箱装,***以螺栓固定于箱底,箱装完整 Packed in Woodencase,the***was(were)Mounted with Bolts on the Bottom of the Case.Packing Intact.

木箱装,箱装箱装运,箱装完好Packed in Woodencases with Container Shipment.Packing Sound.塑料编织集装袋装,内衬塑料薄膜袋,集装箱装运,每箱20袋

Packed in Plastic Woven Flexible Container,Lined with Plastic Film Bags,Shipped in Container,20Bags for Each.

铁桶装,每桶净重190公斤。 Packed in Iron Drums and Each Drum Net 190kgs

木箱包装,内装2卷。每卷用塑料薄膜牛皮纸包裹,箱外铁带捆扎。

Packed in Wooden Case with 2 Reels Inside and Each Reel Was Wrapped with Poly-Membrane and Kraf Paper.It was Bound with Iron Belts Externally.

木箱包装,内装5卷,每卷用塑料薄膜及中性纸包裹,箱外铁带捆扎。

Packed in Wooden Case with 5 Reels Inside and Every Reel was Wrapped with Poly-Membrane and Neutral Paper.The Cases were Bound with Ironbelts Externally.

筒装,纸箱装,箱外三道纺织袋捆扎,包装完好.Rolled on Tube and Packed with Carton.Bounded with Three Woven Belts Extermally.Packing Sound.

木托架包装,用纤维板、塑料薄膜及瓦愣纸皮包裹,外用铁带捆扎,再用铁带固定于集装箱内 Straightly Stand on Wooden Pallet and Wrapped with Fibre Borad,Plastic Membrane &Kraft Paper

Board Bound with iron Belts Externally and Then Mounted in the Container with Iron Belt.

布包包装,包装完好Packed in Gunny Bales.Packing Sound 塑料纺织袋装,包装完好。Packed in P.P.Wovenbags Packing Sound. 木箱装,箱装完整 Packed in Wooden Case.Packing Intact纸箱装,箱装完好 Packed in Cartons Packing Sound

托盘纸箱装,箱内衬一层塑料薄膜,包装完好 Packed in Cartons on Pallet and Lined with Single Polymembrane Inside.Packing Sound.

双层纸箱装,外扎四道塑料腰带,内裹牛皮纸,包装完好。

Packed imply Cartons,Lined with Kraft Paper and Bound with Four Plastic Belts Externally.Packing Sound.

原产加厚聚乙烯袋装,每袋净重25公斤,集装箱运 2Skgs Net Originally Manufactured Heavy Duty Polyethylene Bag.Shipped in Container.

托盘装,包装良好。Packed on Pallets,Packing Sound.

卷筒装,包装良好。Rolled on Tubes。Packing Sound.

编织包包装,包装完好. Packed in wovenbales.Packing Sound.

木箱包装,6.0mm×430mm规格中,除1箱装3卷外,其余为8卷装,695mm×300mm规格为6卷装,箱内用塑料薄膜包裹,每卷再用塑料薄膜包裹

Packed in Wooden Case,for Specification 6.0mm×430mm,except One Case Packed with Three Reels.All were Packed with Eight Reels Respectively;for Specification 6.5mm×300mm, Every Case was Packed with Six Reels.The inner Reels were Wrapped with a Poly-mumbrane and Each Reel was wrapped with a Poly-membrane Again.

双层纸箱装,外扎四道塑料腰带,内裹牛皮纸,包装完好。

Packed in 2 Ply Cartons,Lined with Kraft Paper and Bound with Four Plastic Belts Externally Packing Sound.

麻袋装,包装完好。Packed in Gunny Bales Packing Sound.

集装箱装运,箱号***,集装箱外观完整,箱号清晰,封识完好。货物纸箱包装,包装完好。Shipped with Container No.*** with Intact Appearance,Clear Number And Sound Sealing.The Goods Were Packed in Cartons and Packing Sound.

第五篇:英汉翻译心得体会

英语1101

袁立冬

111001116 经过一个学期的学习,我们即将结束《英汉翻译教程》的学习。通过学习,我又掌握了一门新的英语学习技能,也初步了解了英汉翻译的基本要求与要领。简而言之,就是获益匪浅。

英汉翻译是一门建立在综合能力基础之上的学科,囊括了全方位的知识以及中西文化的差异。不管是对个人能力以及日常积累都有较高的要求。前我一直有一种误区:认为只要掌握大量的词汇,翻译起来就会很容易,认为翻译只不过是把大量的词汇拼接连接在一起。可是当我真正接触到这门课程时惊觉自己原来的思维是有多么的狭隘。当翻译一句话时,我根本不知道该怎么组合。勉强组合在一块时不是错误百出,就是很Chinglish. 首先,英汉翻译应遵循“忠实,通顺”的标准。所谓忠实,就是忠实于原文的内容。由于中西文化之间存在的巨大差异,一句英文在欧美人看起来顺理成章,而在我们中国人看起来就会极其别扭。我们就会在翻译过程中不自觉的用上自己的思维,因而改变了原文的意思破坏了原文的风格。通顺就是指原文语言必须通俗易懂,符合规范。译文必须通顺,避免死译,硬译,符合规范。把原文的内容适当的表达出来,既不能改变扭曲,也不能增加或删减。如“He is seriously ill”.就译为:“他病得很厉害”。有人为了追求汉语的“漂亮”译为“他苟延残喘”,这就得不偿失了。

其次,翻译分为三个阶段:理解,表达,和校核。准确理解原文所要表达的意思,注意上下文的关系在翻译过程中是至关重要的。在翻译时采取直译或者意译两种方式。有时在翻译过程中我们也可以直译和意译结合起来使用。主要取决与具体的情景。校核也是一个非常重要的过程,不可忽视。即在翻译时要经过反复的推敲,已到达最好效果的翻译。

翻译不是一朝一夕就能做到做好的事。我们在日常学习中必须注重积累有关英译汉方面的知识以及基本方法。了解基本英汉语言对比(词法和句法) 。通过对比,掌握两种语言各自的特点,以及所对应的意思,在翻译的时候才能得心应手的运用。避免造成错用,误用,闹出笑话。需要注意的是随着语言的发展,很多英语单词已经不再紧紧局限于其原有的意思,更有了扩展。这就要求我们积极扩充自己的积累。同时,我还学习掌握了英译汉时常用的方法和技巧。如:增词法,重复法,省略法,以及词义的转义等等。还有关于各种不同句型的不同翻译方式。如定语从句,被动语态,状语从句等等,这些在书本上都有系统的介绍。我们在日常练习的时候也要避免为了做题而做题,要在过程中学会理解,应用这些方法。

我还体会到理解和翻译并不是一回事,几个人的理解相同,翻译成的文字 风格可以是不同的。通过学习,我了解到可以直译的就直译,只要把词序调整一 下,保证通顺,不致引起误解就好。如果不能直译,可凭借各种翻译技巧,在不 偏离原文意思的前提下,对句子的结构作一些变动。方法也好,技巧也好,都是为忠实、通顺地再现原作这个目的服务的,其功效自不待言,但并非万应灵药。任何方法在应用中都有其限度,过犹不及。如果一味死搬教条,盲目遵照翻译的规则,过分依赖这些翻译的技巧,最终只会落得个邯郸学步的结果。优秀的翻译者会在在实践中经常数法并用,因人因文而异,并无一定之规,主要靠自己不断实践、不断总结经验和不断提高理论水平,才能最终达到得心应手、曲尽其妙的境界。

经过学习,我确实获得了不少的进步以及在本学期的翻译学习中,我们获得了翻译专业应具备的一项技能,也对下学期的汉英翻译学习有了初步的计划和想法,以后学起来的时候亦不会无从下手。我相信我在今后的翻译道路更加宽阔平坦,我会再今后的学习中,不断总结经验技巧,是这些宝贵经验成为翻译学习的宝贵财富,力争做一名合格的英语人。

我也知道只是经过这学期的学习,我还有很多缺失以及不足的对地方。像中西文化这方面我就做的不是很好,经常在翻译时会弄不清具体的背景知识而做出错误的译文。翻译的时候也会出现措辞不当的现象。我还需要继续的加深关于这方面的知识。翻译不像我想象中的那么简单,但是也不是高不可攀。最重要的是要保持一颗积极学习进取的心,无论何时何地不能失去对翻译的热情。只有这样,才能在日后的学习中遇到困难时有勇气克服它。翻译本就是一个需要不断探索,积累,应运的过程。我有信心在未来的学习中会越走越远,越做越好!!!另外,在此对我们的吴老师表示衷心的感谢,谢谢您的陪伴以及指导!!!

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