英国女王地位范文

第一篇：英国女王地位范文

英国历届女王

1st: 玛丽一世

玛丽一世，(Mary I, 1516年2月18日~1558年11月17日)英格兰和爱尔兰女王(理论上她是从1553年7月6日, 实际上从7月19日在位一直到1558年11月17日她去世时)。 她是都铎王朝的第四任也是倒数第二位君主。她主要事迹是曾努力把英国从新教恢复到罗马天主教(1555年)。 为此，她曾处决了差不多三百个反对者。于是而被称为「血腥玛丽」(Bloody Mary)。从此以后， Bloody Mary在英语中就成了女巫的同义词。 但是她的宗教政策在很大程度上被她的继任者伊莉莎白一世所颠倒。

2nd: 伊莉莎白一世

伊莉莎白一世(Elizabeth I，1533年9月7日出生于格林尼治，即今日伦敦的格林尼治，1603年3月24日逝世于萨里)，于1558年11月17日至1603年3月24日任英格兰和爱尔兰女王，是都铎王朝的第五位也是最后一位君主。她终身未嫁，因此被称为「童贞女王」。她即位时英格兰处于内部因宗教分裂的混乱状态，但她不但成功地保持了英格兰的统一，而且在经过近半个世纪的统治后，使英格兰成为欧洲最强大，富有的国家之一。英格兰文化也在此期间达到了一个顶峰，涌现出了诸如莎士比亚，培根这样的著名人物。英国在北美的殖民地亦在此期间开始确立。她的统治期在英国历史上被称为「伊莉莎白时期」，亦称为「黄金时代」。

3nd: 安妮女王

安妮女王(Anne of Great Britain 又译为安女王，1665年2月6日~1714年8月1日)，英国女王。安妮是詹姆斯二世与王后安妮·海德的次女。1683年，与丹麦王子乔治结婚。 1701年，英国议会通过「嗣位法」，安妮成为威廉三世的继承人。1702年，安妮即位为英国女王。1707年，英格兰议会与苏格兰议会合并，实现两个国家真正的联合。由于安妮身体虚弱和无后嗣的忧虑，托利党领袖、国务大臣博林布洛克子爵曾与安妮的弟弟、老王位觊觎者詹姆斯·爱德华联系，希望他能以放弃天主教信仰来换取王位继承权，但遭到拒绝。1714年，安妮女王在驾崩前任命施鲁斯伯里公爵为政府中至关重要的财政大臣，确保了王位由信仰新教的汉诺瓦选帝侯乔治继承。

4th:维多利亚女王

维多利亚女王(Alexandrina Victoria 1819年5月24日 ~1901年1月22日) 是英国在位时间最长的君主，也是第一个以「大不列颠和爱尔兰联合王国女王」和「印度女皇」名号称呼的英国君主。她在位的63年期间(1837年6月20 日~1901年1月22日，是英国最强盛的所谓「日不落帝国」时期，她在位期间直到她去世后，到第一次世界大战开始的1914年，英国都称为「维多利亚时代」，1914年以后，英国开始走向衰落。

5th: 伊莉莎白二世

伊莉莎白二世(Elizabeth II，1926年4月21日~)，全名伊莉莎白·亚历山德拉·玛丽·温莎(Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor)，现任英国君主，是英国,英联邦(The Commonwealth) 以及15个成员国的国家元首，同时也是英国国教会的最高首领。她的头衔全称为「托上帝洪福，大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国与其属土及领地之女皇伊莉莎白二世，英联邦元首，(基督教)信仰的保护者. 她于1952年2月6日加冕，是目前在位时间第二长的国家元首，在她作为国家元首的国度中大约生活着1.25亿人。

第二篇：英国女王圣诞演讲

《英国社会生态概论》补充阅读一

Each year that passes seems to have its own character. Some leave us with a feeling of satisfaction, others are best forgotten. 2009 was a difficult year for many, in particular those facing the continuing effects of the economic downturn. 过去每年似乎都各具特点。一些年份让我们心满意足，一些年份则最好忘却。2009年对很多人来说都不好过，尤其是那些深受经济衰退之苦的人们。

I am sure that we have all been affected by events in Afghanistan and saddened by the casualties suffered by our forces serving there. Our thoughts go out to their relations and friends who have shown immense dignity in the face of great personal loss.

我相信，我们所有人都受到阿富汗战事影响，为英军士兵伤亡感到悲伤。我们向这些士兵的家人和朋友表示慰问，他们面对巨大个人损失表现得无比高尚。

But we can be proud of the positive contribution that our servicemen and women are making, in conjunction with our allies.

但我们应该为我们的士兵与盟友作出的积极贡献而感到骄傲。

Well over 13,000 soldiers from the United Kingdom, and across the Commonwealthare currently serving in Afghanistan.

英国和包括加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰和新加坡在内的英联邦国家眼下共有超过1.3万名士兵在阿富汗服役。

The debt of gratitude owed to these young men and women, and to their predecessors, is indeed profound.

我们对这些年轻士兵以及先前在阿富汗服役过的士兵表示深深感激。

It is 60 years since the Commonwealth was created and today, with more than a billion of its members under the age of 25, the organisation remains a strong and practical force for good.

今年是英联邦成立60周年，今天其成员国25岁以下人口超过10亿，为它保持长久的强大和实用提供了力量源泉。

Recently I attended the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in Trinidad and Tobago and heard how important the Commonwealth is to young people. 最近我刚刚参加了在特立尼达和多巴哥举行的英联邦政府首脑会议，听到联邦对年轻人是多么重要。

《英国社会生态概论》补充阅读一

New communication technologies allow them to reach out to the wider world and share their experiences and viewpoints. For many, the practical assistance and networks of the Commonwealth can give skills, lend advice and encourage enterprise.

新的通信技术使他们能够接触到更广阔的世界，分享他们的经验和观点。对于许多人来说，英联邦的实际援助与网络可以提供技能，给予意见和鼓励进取。

It is inspiring to learn of some of the work being done by these young people, who bring creativity and innovation to the challenges they face.

令人鼓舞的是，我了解到一些年轻人正在做着一些事情，他们面对挑战，富于创造力和创新精神。

It is important to keep discussing issues that concern us all - there can by no more valuable role for our family of nations. I have been closely associated with the Commonwealth through most of its existence.

对关系到我们所有人的问题保持讨论很重要，它让我们的大家庭产生更大的价值。在英联邦成立以来的大部分时间里，我都同它联系紧密。

The personal and living bond I have enjoyed with leaders, and with people the world over, has always been more important in promoting our unity than symbolism alone.

我个人同各国领袖、人民密不可分。这不单是象征意义，也能促进我们的团结。

The Commonwealth is not an organisation with a mission. It is rather an opportunity for its people to work together to achieve practical solutions to problems.

英联邦并非一个具某种使命的组织，而更是一个让各国人民合作、解决困难的平台。 In many aspects of our lives, whether in sport, the environment, business or culture, the Commonwealth connection remains vivid and enriching.

在涉及我们生活的许多方面，不论是体育、环境、商业或文化，英联邦国家之间的联系紧密而丰富。

It is, in lots of ways, the face of the future. And with continuing support and dedication, I am confident that this diverse Commonwealth of nations can strengthen the common bond that transcends politics, religion, race and economic circumstances.

在很多方面这展现未来的前景。随着不断的支持和贡献，我相信英联邦国家的多元化能加强各国在政治、宗教、种族和经济环境的凝聚力。

《英国社会生态概论》补充阅读一

We know that Christmas is a time for celebration and family reunions; but it is also a time to reflect on what confronts those less fortunate than ourselves, at home and throughout the world.

众所周知，圣诞节是欢庆与家人团聚的时候，但我们也可以借这个时机回顾那些国内外不幸者面临的困境。

Christians are taught to love their neighbours, having compassion and concern, and being ready to undertake charity and voluntary work to ease the burden of deprivation and disadvantage.

基督徒被教导要爱他们的邻居，有同情心，乐于慈善和志愿工作，以减轻贫困和不利的负担。

We may ourselves be confronted by a bewildering array of difficulties and challenges, but we must never cease to work for a better future for ourselves and for others.

我们自己会面临一连串的困难和挑战，这些困难和挑战会令我们感到困惑，但我们绝不能停下脚步。而应该继续努力，为自己和他人创造更美好的未来。 I wish you all, wherever you may be, a very happy Christmas. 不论你们现时身在何处，我都祝愿你们圣诞快乐。

第三篇：英国女王2013 圣诞演讲

Unit7 Things: The Throw-away Society一次性社会

“Barbie,” a twelve-inch plastic teen-ager, is the best known and best-selling doll in history. Since its introduction in 1959, the Barbie doll population of the world has grown to 12,000,000— more than the human population of Los Angeles or London or Paris. Little girls adore Barbie because she is highly realistic and eminently dress-upable. Mattel, Inc., maker of Barbie, also sells a complete wardrobe for her, including clothes for ordinary daytime wear, clothes for formal party wear, clothes for swimming and skiing.

十二英寸高的塑料小人“芭比”曾是历史上最著名最畅销的洋娃娃，自从1959年问世以来，全世界的芭比娃娃的数量增长到1200,0000人—比洛杉矶，伦敦和巴黎任何一个城市的人口还要多。小女孩热衷芭比娃娃是因为他很像真的而且可以任意更换衣服，作为芭比娃娃的生产厂家，Mattel公司还出售芭比的整体衣柜，包括日常便装，正式晚装，泳装和滑雪衫。

Recently Mattel announced a new improved Barbie doll. The new version has a slimmer figure, “real” eyelashes and a twist-and turn waist that makes her more humanoid than ever. Moreover, Mattel announced that, for the first time, any young lady wishing to purchase a new Barbie would receive a trade-in allowance for her old one.旧货换新折让

最近Mattel公司推出一款更高级的芭比娃娃，这个新产品身材更苗条，有仿真睫毛，又可以扭转弯曲的腰肢，所有这些特点使其更加人性化。此外，M公司还首次宣布，任何一个购买芭比娃娃的女士都可以获得旧芭比娃娃的折价优惠。

What Mattel did not announce was that by trading in her old doll for a technologically improved modes, the little girl of today, citizen of tomorrow’s super-industrial world, would learn a fundamental lesson about the new society: that man’s relationships with things are increasingly temporary.

M公司所没有宣布的是，通过折旧芭比娃娃来销售新款芭比娃娃，今天的小女孩，明天工业化社会的公民就会得出这样一个对社会的基本认识：人类和物品的关系越来越短暂。

The ocean of man-made physical objects that surrounds us is set within a larger ocean of natural objects. But increasingly, it is the technologically produced environment that matters for the individual. The texture of plastic or concrete, the iridescent glisten of an automobile under a streetlight, the staggering vision of a cityscape seen from the window of a jet— these are the intimate realities of his existence. Man-made things enter into and color his consciousness. Their number is expandingwith explosive force, both absolutely and relative to the natural environment. This will be even more true in super-industrial society than it is today.

我们周围人造物品的海洋外围还有更广阔的自然物品的海洋。但是这个技术制造的环境逐渐影响着人类。塑料或混凝土结构， 街灯下霓虹闪烁的汽车，从飞机窗口俯瞰到的缓慢移动的城市—这些人类的亲密伙伴。人造物品进入并影响了人类意识，其数量急剧增长， 无论是就绝对而言还是相对而言。这种现象在将来的后工业化社会会更加突出。

Anti-materialists tend to deride the importance of “things.” Yet things are highly significant, not merely because of their functional utility, but also because of their psychological impact. We develop relationships with things. Things affect our sense of foreshortening of our relationships with things accelerates the pace of life.

唯心主义者试图否认物品的重要性，但是物品是非常重要的，不仅因为它有实用功能，还因为其对精神的影响，我们发展和物品的关系，物品影响我们对关联和断联的意识。他们在情景结构中的作用，我们和物品关系的缩短加快了生活的节奏。

Moreover, our attitudes toward things reflect basic value judgments. Nothing could be more dramatic than the difference between the new breed of little girls who cheerfully turn in their Barbies for the new improved model and those who, like their mothers and grandmothers before them, clutch lingeringly and lovingly to the same doll until it disintegrates from sheer age. In this difference lies the contrast between past and future, between societies based on permanence, and the new, fast-forming society based on transience.

此外，我们对物品的态度反映了基本的价值评判。有的小女孩兴高采烈的把她们的芭比娃娃换成新款高级的娃娃，有的小女孩象她们的母亲和祖母年少时一样，终日抱着同一个娃娃，形影不离，爱不释手，直到长大后娃娃从生活中消失，没有什么比这更具有戏剧性的对比了。这种不同在于过去和未来的对比，对于永久的社会和新的变幻无常的社会的对比。

That man-thing relationships are growing more and more temporary may be illustrated by examining the culture surrounding the little girl who trades in her doll. This child soon learns that Barbie dolls are by no means the only physical objects that pass into and out of her young life at a rapid clip. Diapers, bibs, paper napkins, Kleenex, towels, non-returnable soda bottles—all are used up quickly in her home and ruthlessly eliminated. Corn muffins come in baking tins that are thrown away after one use. Spinach is encased in plastic sacks that can be dropped into a pan of boiling water for heating, and then thrown away. TV dinners are cooked and often served on throw-away trays. Her home is a large processing machine through which objects flow, entering and leaving, at a faster and faster rate of speed. From birth on, she is inextricably embedded in a throw-away culture.

观察一下旧芭比换新芭比的小女孩身后的文化就可以看出人类和物品间的关系越来越短暂，这些孩子很快会知道有很多物品以极快的速度进入并离开他们的生活，不只是芭比娃娃。纸尿裤，围裙，纸巾，手绢，非循环使用的苏打汽水瓶—所有这些在她家被迅速使用，有的被无情的丢弃。玉米松饼放进一次性的烤罐，菠菜放进塑料袋中，这种塑料袋可以一起放进沸水锅中加热然后丢弃。电视上的烹饪节目也经常使用一次性的碟子。她的家就是一个大型处理机器，通过这个机器，物品以越来越快的速度不断流动，进入又离开，从出生开始，她就被包围在一次性的文化中。

The idea of using a product once or for a brief period and then replacing it, runs counter to the grain of societies or individuals steeped in a heritage of poverty. Not long ago Uriel Rone, a market researcher for the French advertising agency Publicis, told me: “The French housewife is not used to disposable products. She likes to keep things, even old things, rather than throw-away curtain. We did a marketing study for them and found the resistance too strong.” This resistance, however, is dying all over the developed world.

对一次性物品的使用让人想到了粮食问题和祖祖辈辈生活在贫困中的人，不久前，法国广告代理公司P的一位市场调查员U R 告诉我“法国的家庭主妇并不习惯于使用一次性的产品，:她们喜欢把东西留着，即使是旧物品也不会丢。我们代表公司宣传一种一次性的塑料窗帘。我们队她们作市场调查，却发现她们的抵制情绪很强。”这种抵制在其他发达国家越来越少了。

Thus a writer, Edward Maze, has pointed out that many Americans visiting Sweden in the early 1950’s were astounded by its cleanliness. “We were almost awed by the fact that there were no beer and soft drink bottles by the road sides, as, much to our shame, there were in America. But by the 1960’s lo and behold, bottles were suddenly blooming along Swedish highways„ What happened? Sweden had become a buy, use and throw-away society, following the American pattern.” In Japan today throw-away tissues are so universal that cloth handkerchiefs are regarded as old fashioned, not to say unsanitary. In England for sixpence one may buy a “Dentamatic throw-away toothbrush” which comes already coated with toothpaste for its one-time use. And even in France, disposable cigarette lighters are commonplace. Form cardboard milk containers to the rockets that power space vehicles, products created for short-term or one-time use are becoming more numerous and crucial to our way of life. 因此，作家E M 指出在十二世纪五十年代初期，很多区瑞典观光的美国人都被瑞典的干净所震惊“让我们敬佩的是路边没有一个啤酒瓶和软饮料瓶，而自惭形秽的是，美国到处都是。但是到二十世纪六十年代，看看吧，各种瓶瓶罐罐凸现在瑞典的高速公路上„„怎么了?跟美国一样，瑞典已经变成一个购买，使用一次性物品的国家了。在当今的日本，一次性的纸巾非常普遍，手绢已经老土了，而且也不卫生。在英国，花七便士就可以买到已经挤好牙膏，一次性使用的牙刷。即使在法国，一次性的打火机也很普遍，从牛奶纸盒到为太空提供动力的火箭，它们对我们的生活起着越来越重要的作用。

The recent introduction of paper and quasi-paper clothing carried the trend toward disposability a step further. Fashionable boutiques and working-class clothing stores have sprouted whole departments devoted to gaily colored and imaginatively designed paper apparel. Fashion magazines display breathtakingly sumptuous gowns, coats, pajamas, even wedding dresses made of paper. The bride pictured in one of these wears a long white train of lace-like paper that, the caption writer notes, will make “great kitchen curtains” after the ceremony.

刚上市的纸衣服或者类似纸的衣服将一次性文化更推进了一步。时尚饰品店和工薪阶层服装店已经陆续出现一个全新的部门，这个部门专门负责那些色彩艳丽设计特别的纸衣服。时尚杂志展示了价格惊人的纸长袍，纸外套，纸睡袍，甚至纸婚纱和礼服。图中的新娘穿着仿蕾丝纸做成的白色长袍裙，标题写道：这条裙子在婚礼结束后可以做成“不错的厨房窗帘”。

Paper clothes are particularly suitably for children, Writes one fashion expert: “Little girls will soon be able to spill ice cream, draw pictures and make cutouts on their clothes while their mothers smile benignly at their creativity.” And for adults who want to express their own creativity, there is even a “paint-yourself-dress” complete with brushes. Price: $2.00.

纸衣服是最适合孩子的。一位时尚专家写道：“小孩子会乱溅冰激凌，而且他可以在纸衣服上画画，或者贴剪纸画，而母亲在一旁微笑的赞许其创造力。”对于想展示创造力的成年人，可以买一种配有刷子的“自助衣服”，价格两美元。

Price, of course, is a critical factor behind the paper explosion. Thus a department store features simple A-line dresses made of what it calls “devil-may-care cellulose fiber and nylon.” At $1.29 each, it is almost cheaper for the consumer to buy and discard a new one than to send an ordinary dress to the cleaners. Soon it will be. But more than economics is involved, for the extension of the throw-away culture has important psychological consequences.

当然，价格是纸用品猛增的重要原因。因此有一家百货商店很有特色，店内全是清一色的衣服，这些衣服都是用被称作“魔鬼也会留意的纤维和尼龙”做成的。每件事1.29美元，对于消费者来说，一次性要比普通衣服送进洗衣店要便宜的多。但不仅仅是经济问题，一次性文化的蔓延还带来了不容忽视的精神影响。

***We develop a throw-away mentality to match our throw-away products. This mentality produces, among other things, a set of radically altered values with respect to property. But the spread of disposability through the society also implies decreased durations in man-thing relationships. Instead of being linked with a single object over a relatively long span of time, we are linked for brief periods with the succession of objects that supplant it. 我们已经形成了一种一次性的心态，来适应一次性的产品。这种心态使得我们对于物品的价值观产生了巨大的改变。然而社会中的一次性文化的蔓延也预示着人类和物品的关系持续的时间越来越短。我们只是和一系列马上将被代替的物品保持短期的联系，而不是和某一物品保持长期的联系。

Unit8Cultivating a Hobby 培养一种业余爱好

A gifted American psychologist has said, “Worry is a spasm of the emotion; the mind catches hold of something and will not let it go.” It is useless to argue with the mind in this condition. The stronger the will is, the more futile the task is. One can only gently insinuate something else into its rightly chosen, if it is really attended by the illumination of another field of interest, gradually, and often quite swiftly, the old undue grip relaxes and the process of recuperation and repair, begins. 美国一位天才心理学家曾经说过：“忧虑是一阵情感的冲动，意识一旦陷入某种状态，这种状态将很难被改变。”在这种情况下，与意识去抗争是徒劳的。意志力越强，这种抗争就越显得徒劳无益。这时，唯一的解决办法只能是悄悄的渗入某种新的东西，来分散注意力。如果这种新的东西选择恰当，而且确实能激起你对另一领域的兴趣，渐渐地、而且经常是非常迅速地，你过分紧张的情绪就会缓解，你又开始恢复到原来的状态。

The cultivation of a hobby and the forms of interest is therefore a policy of first importance to a public man .But this is not a business that can be untaken in a day or swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will. The growth of alternative mental interests is a long process. The seeds must be carefully chosen; they must fall on good ground; they must be sedulously tended, if the vivifying fruits are to be at band when needed.

因此，对一个公众人物来说，培养一种业余爱好、一种新的兴趣显得尤为重要。但这不是一件一朝一日或凭一时的意气就能一蹴而就的事情。这种替代忧虑的心理兴趣培养是一个长期的过程。它的种子必须要精挑细选，然后播撒到肥沃的土壤中，要想得到籽粒饱满、需要时随手可摘的果实，还必须对他们精心呵护。

To be really happy really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: “I will take an interest in this or that.” Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet hardly get any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes; those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death. It is no use offering the manual laborer, tired out with a hard week’s sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or businessman, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the week-end.

要想真正的快乐，而且每次都能真正奏效，一个人必须有两种或三种业余爱好，而且必须是真正的业余爱好。一个人到了晚年才说：“我要培养这种或那种兴趣。”那已经没有任何意义了。这种尝试只能更加增加大脑的压力。一个人可能具有与他日常工作无关的大量的知识，但这些知识并无助于他减轻心理压力。随心所欲的做你喜欢的工作不会帮你减轻心理压力，而是你必须设法喜欢你目前所做的工作。大致来说，人可分为三类：第一类人是累死;第二类人是愁死;第三类人是烦死。体力劳动者经过一周的辛勤劳动已经筋疲力尽，再让他们在周六下午踢足球或打棒球无助于消除他们的疲劳。让那些为一些大事已经连续工作或烦恼了六天的政治家、专业人员或工商界人士来说，在周末的时候让他们为一些鸡毛蒜皮的小事烦恼费神，也不会使他们身心轻松。

As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire — for them a new pleasure, a new excitement is only an additional satiation. In vain they rush frantically round from place to place, trying to escape from avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion. For them discipline in one form or another is the most hopeful path.

对于那些不幸的人：那些可以随意发号施令;那些随心所欲，无所不能的人，新的乐趣、新的喜悦对他们来说是无所谓的事情。他们狂乱地从一个地方跑到另一个地方、想通过不断换地方的这种方式来摆脱烦恼，这是徒劳的。对他们来说，条理、规矩是他们最有希望摆脱烦恼的办法。

It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human beings are dividing into two classes: first, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these the former is majority. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance(生计), but a keen appetite for leisure even in its simplest and most modest forms. 在办公室或工厂里长时间的工作，不仅带给他们维持生计的金钱，还带给他们一种渴求娱乐的强烈欲望，哪怕这种娱乐消遣是以最简单、最朴实的方式进行的。 But Fortune’s favored children belong to the second class. Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays when they come are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation. Yet to both classes the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. Indeed, it may well be that those whose work is their pleasure are those who most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds.

也可以说，理智、勤奋、有才能的人可以分为两类：第一类是工作与娱乐泾渭分明;第二类人是工作与娱乐合二为一。大多数人属于前者。他们有他们的报酬。长时间在办公室或工厂的辛勤劳作不仅使他们得到了维持生命的薪水，而且培养了他们追求快乐的强烈愿望，即使仅仅是那些最简单、最朴实的形式。然而命运女神所偏爱的却是第二类人。他们的生活自然、和谐。对他们来说，工作的时间永远都不够长。每一天都是假期，法定假期到来时，他们不愿休假，埋怨(认为)这是强行中断干扰了他们精彩的假期。然而，这两类人都必须改变一下他们的观点，调整一下气氛、转移一下奋斗的方向。事实上或许那些以工作为乐的人正是那些最需要通过一种兴趣或爱好使自己适时忘记自己工作的人。

第四篇：英国女王演讲稿

My Lords and Members of the House of Commons,

I am most grateful for your Loyal Addresses and the generous words of the Lord Speaker and Mr. Speaker.

This great institution has been at the heart of the country and the lives of our people throughout its history. As Parliamentarians, you share with your forebears a fundamental role in the laws and decisions of your own age. Parliament has survived as an unshakeable cornerstone of our constitution and our way of life.

History links monarchs and Parliament, a connecting thread from one period to the next. So, in an era when the regular, worthy rhythm of life is less eye-catching than doing something extraordinary, I am reassured that I am merely the second Sovereign to celebrate a Diamond Jubilee.

As today, it was my privilege to address you during my Silver and Golden Jubilees. Many of you were present ten years ago and some of you will recall the occasion in 1977. Since my Accession, I have been a regular visitor to the Palace of Westminster and, at the last count, have had the pleasurable duty of treating with twelve Prime Ministers.

Over such a period, one can observe that the experience of venerable old age can be a mighty guide but not a prerequisite for success in public office. I am therefore very pleased to be addressing many younger Parliamentarians and also those bringing such a wide range of background and experience to your vital, national work.

During these years as your Queen, the support of my family has, across the generations, been beyond measure. Prince Philip is, I believe, well-known for declining compliments of any kind. But throughout he has been a constant strength and guide. He and I are very proud and grateful that The Prince of Wales and other members of our family are travelling on my behalf in this Diamond Jubilee year to visit all the Commonwealth Realms and a number of other Commonwealth countries.

These overseas tours are a reminder of our close affinity with the Commonwealth, encompassing about one-third of the world’s population. My own association with the Commonwealth has taught me that the most important contact between nations is usually contact between its peoples. An organisation dedicated to certain values, the Commonwealth has flourished and grown by successfully promoting and protecting that contact.

At home, Prince Philip and I will be visiting towns and cities up and down the land. It is my sincere hope that the Diamond Jubilee will be an opportunity for people to come together in a spirit of neighbourliness and celebration of their own communities.

We also hope to celebrate the professional and voluntary service given by millions of people across the country who are working for the public good. They are a source of vital support to the welfare and wellbeing of others, often unseen or overlooked.

And as we reflect upon public service, let us again be mindful of the remarkable sacrifice and courage of our Armed Forces. Much may indeed have changed these past sixty years but the valour of those who risk their lives for the defence and freedom of us all remains undimmed.

The happy relationship I have enjoyed with Parliament has extended well beyond the more than three and a half thousand Bills I have signed into law. I am therefore very touched by the magnificent gift before me, generously subscribed by many of you. Should this beautiful window cause just a little extra colour to shine down upon this ancient place, I should gladly settle for that.

We are reminded here of our past, of the continuity of our national story and the virtues of resilience, ingenuity and tolerance which created it. I have been privileged to witness some of that history and, with the support of my family, rededicate myself to the service of our great country and its people now and in the years to come.

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第五篇：论英国女王与议会

论英国女王与议会—— 携手共启发展之路

十七世纪八十年代，在英国发生的一场不流血的政治革命为英国乃至整个世界开启了进入现代社会的大门。金色的王冠自此在风中摇曳，英国议会自此接手了英国的政治大权。但即使如此，英国王室的光辉依旧灿烂，在几百年后的今天依然熠熠生辉。自君主立宪之日起，国王就与议会形成了无声的默契，共同致力于英国人民的幸福生活。

众所皆知，人类历史的每一次前进，都免不了经历战火与鲜血的洗礼。但十七世纪八十年代，在大西洋沿岸的一个弹丸小国里，进行着一场似乎不顾历史遗训的不流血的政治革命，史称“光荣革命”。这场革命完成了英国资产阶级革命的重大任务，自此推翻了数百年来形成的黑暗的英国君主专制统治，从此接过了英国政权的金钥匙。国王从那时起失去了神佑的光辉，回归平民的境地。宪法和法律的权利至高无上，即使是国王也要从中寻求荫蔽。这就是我们常说的君主立宪政体。

英国资产阶级确立的君主立宪政体大大削弱了国王的权力，议会政府逐步掌握了国家政权。这种政治体制虽然有其历史局限性，但他结束了英国的封建君主专制制度，使得英国走上了资产阶级政治民主化道路，有利于资本主义的发展。它代表了历史发展的趋势，是历史的一大进步。英国是世界上第一个建立君主立宪制的国家，这一制度的确立和不断完善，不仅对巩固资产阶级对英国的统治起巨大作用，而且对其他国家的资产阶级建立新的制度，也有着巨大影响。 溯源英国国王的发展不难发现，从早期国王专制到国王与议会斗争，再从国王与议会斗争到议会独掌大权，经历了长期的血型与暴力，国王的权力逐渐轮空，最终被完全剥夺了权利。但作为几百年的君主专制国家，国王的威严已深入人心，成为人们享受现世生活的精神支柱，也成为英联邦各个国家的精神领袖和连接纽带，因而虽然国王失去了实权，依旧发挥着不可替代的作用。因而，英国一直保存着“国王”这一称号。

现任的英国女王伊丽莎白二世出生于一九二六年的伦敦，于一九五二年接替父王正式即位，成为英联邦国家元首，国教会最高领袖。女王在普遍英国人心目中，是国家团结的象征。而她的端正品行，亦往往是为全体国民树立了个人行为操守的典范。另外，女王亦时常在一年一度的圣诞节的广播谈话中，鼓励国民互相帮助及彼此团结。作为君主，女王仪态庄重，一丝不苟，总是非常严肃。除了在本国发挥着领导模范作用外，在国际事务上，英国女王也发挥着积极的重大作用。作为英联邦国家元首，在维系英联邦国家关系，保证英国国际地位方面发挥着重要作用。每逢英联邦国家举行重大庆典等活动时，举办方都会邀请女王参加，女王亦积极投身到各种活动中。例如：二零零六年三月十五日，女王出席了在墨尔本举行的英联邦运动会。二零零九年，法国因未邀请英国女王参加诺曼底登陆周年庆典而引起英国王室的愤怒，后法国政府立马改口，表示欢迎女王参加该庆典。由此可见，无论在英联邦国家还是在世界其他国家，英国女王都具有崇高的地位。 而作为英国政府的议会，因为女王的存在，光辉自然减少。但作为真正掌握政权的机构，其管理国家事务的能力及对于国家发展产生的作用当然是最强大的。回顾英国议会的历史，一条条纹路清晰地展开。它的产生、发展，内部矛盾及与国王的矛盾，无不体现者一路走来的心酸与艰难。

英国议会创建于十三世纪，迄今已有七百多年的历史，被称为“议会之母”。英国议会是英国政治的中心舞台，是英国的最高立法机关。政府从议会中产生并对其负责。英国议会为两院制，由上议院和下议员组成。上院由王室后裔、世袭贵族、新封贵族、上诉法院法官、教会大主教和主教组成，五任期限制。上院的立法职能主要是：提出法案;在立法程序中可以拖延法案生效;审判弹劾案;行使国家最高司法权。下院议员由普选产生，任期五年。下院的立法职权主要是：提出重要法案;先行讨论、通过法案;提出质询;财政法案只能由下院提出和通过。国王被看成是“一切权力的源泉”、“国家的化身”，在政治生活中处于“临朝而不理政”、“统而不治”的地位，具有国家的象征意义。在立法职权方面，国王批准并颁布法律;制定文官管理法规;颁布枢密院令和特许状;召集、终止议会会议;解散议会;任免重要官员。但是，国王的这些权力主要是象征性的，行使这些权力主要还是一种形式。例如，国王批准法律，必须先经由议会通过，国王只是履行一下手续;国王解散议会，但必须根据首相的决议才能采取行动。

英国议会居于优越于其他机关的“至上”地位，曾经拥有几乎是无限的立法权。英国议会立法的职权可以说是无所不能，主要包括三个方面：立法、监控财政、监督政府。

英国资产阶级革命后，女王与议会团结协作，共同致力于英国社会经济发展。英国女王领导着英国人民的精神动向，而首相则领导议会政府管理国家大小事务，为英国人民提供医疗、教育、卫生、住房、环境等方面的各种便利。