浙江高考英语阅读复习

2023-05-20

第一篇：浙江高考英语阅读复习

XX高考二轮复习英语教案阅读理解

XX高考二轮复习英语教案专题十九阅读理解【专题要点】阅读理解题考查的不仅是考生对整篇的把握能力，还考查了他们快速扑捉信息、准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的能力;考生不仅要理解表层意义，更重要的是要通过的表层去合理判断、挖掘的隐含意义、延伸意义。这是对考生能力、智力、心理的一个综合检验。具体要点如下：1主旨大意类;2细节理解类;3推理判断类;4词义猜测类;观点态度类等五大要点。【考纲要求】考纲对考生阅读能力的要求：1.要求考生能读懂一般性话题，且生词率不超过2%的简短文字材料，如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短。2.要求考生能够做到以下几点：理解主旨大意;寻读具体信息;识别不同文体特征;根据上下文提供的语境推测生词词义;作出简单的判断和推理;理解文段的基本逻辑结构;理解作者的意图和态度;理解文段的文化信息。新标对对高中英语阅读技能的要求：1能识别不同文体特征;2能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长句;3能理解阅读材料中不同的观点和态度;4能根据学习任务的需要从多种媒体中获取信息并进行加工处理;除教材外，外阅读量累计达到30万词以上。【教法指引】教师在引导学生突破阅读理解题时可以从高考命题方向和该题选材特点对学生进行训练，在训练中点拨技巧，在训练中提高考生的综合运用能力。具体说：1阅读理解作为高考英语中最重要的一种题型，题量最大，所占分值也最多。此类题型是全面检测考生接受书面信息和反馈能力的重要标尺。高考阅读理解要求考生在3分钟左右的时间内，完成对4～篇短文的阅读理解并作出解答。用来考查考生的以下几种能力：1)考查考生综合运用语言的能力;2)考查考生的英语思维能力和社会文化意识;3)考查考生辨认、捕捉和归纳细节信息，并通过字面意思对中心思想、作者的写作目的、意图、态度以及的行文特点进行合理推断的能力;4)考查考生的阅读速度与词汇量。近些年来，高考英语阅读理解着重检测考生对语篇的整体把握能力、根据所提供的语境进行语篇分析的能力以及综合利用有效信息解决实际问题的能力。在近几年的高考中，涉及较低能力要求的事实性和细节性的考题虽仍是考查重点，但词义猜测、推理判断和主旨概括等深层次试题也占很大比重。2.高考阅读理解中的选材特点：1)所选材料均于实际生活，其内容与社会现实保持较高的一致性，强调了语篇选材的真实性，具有鲜明的时代感。行文表达常使用比较正式的书面语言;2)语篇题材分布比较均匀，题材丰富多样。阅读语篇包括记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文等文体。内容涵盖日常生活、人物、社会、文化、史地、科技、政治、环保、经济等诸多领域的热点、焦点问题。3)高考阅读理解持续保持较大的阅读量，要求考生在特定语篇中有目的地获取信息。另外试题材料含有较高的词汇量，增加了试题的信息含量，体现了新标的理念。一般4-篇阅读题阅读词汇量控制在1000词左右;4)阅读材料的原汁原味越来越浓厚，体现了现代英语的特点，阅读材料的文化含量加大，的行文风格更具英语语言的特点，的遣词造句也更加地道，许多考生通常要反复阅读才能读懂。3点拨阅读技巧，在练中领悟，领悟中训练，技巧能力并进。

第二篇：高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专项限时训练[29]

高考英语二轮复习专项限时训练·阅读理解(二十九)

No poem should ever be discussed or “analyzed”, until it has been read aloud by someone, teacher or student. Better still, perhaps, is the practice of reading it twice, once at the beginning of the discussion and once at the end, so the sound of the poem is the last thing one hears of it.

All discussions of poetry are, in fact, preparations for reading it aloud, and the reading of the poem is, finally, the most telling “interpretation” of it, suggesting tone, rhythm, and meaning all at once. Hearing a poet read the work in his or her own voice, on records or on film, is obviously a special reward. But even those aids to teaching can not replace the student and teacher reading it or, best of all, reciting it.

I have come to think, in fact, that time spent reading a poem aloud is much more important than “analyzing” it, if there isn’t time for both. I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry. Poetry is “ a criticism of life”, and “ a heightening(提升) of life”. It is “an approach to the truth of feeling”, and it “can save your life”. It also deserves a place in the teaching of language and literature more central than it presently occupies.

I am not saying that every English teacher must teach poetry. Those who don’t like it should not be forced to put that dislike on anyone else. But those who do teach poetry must keep in mind a few things about its essential nature, about its sound as well as its sense, and they must make room in the classroom for hearing poetry as well as thinking about it.

1. To have a better understanding of a poem, one should________.

A. discuss it with othersB. analyze it by oneself

C. copy it down in a notebookD. practise reading it aloud

2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a function of poetry?

A. Extending your lifeB. Saving your life

C. Criticizing lifeD. Heightening life

3. According to the writer, one of the purposes of teaching English is to get students________.

A. to understand life.B. to enjoy poetry.

C. to become teachers.D. to become poets

4. What does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply?

A. More stress should be laid on the teaching of poetry.

B. Poetry is more important than any other subject.

C. One cannot enjoy life fully without an understanding of poetry

D. Poetry is the foundation of all language and literature courses

5. The phrase “make room” in the last paragraph could be best replaced by

A. “build a booth”B. “provide equipment”

C. “leave a certain amount of time”D. “set aside enough space”

Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the learned in the early days of the history, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading” undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become popular.

One should be careful, however, of supposing that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is distraction(分散注意力)to others. Examination of reasons connected with the historical development of silent reading shows that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.

The last century saw a gradual increase in literacy(读写能力)and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, so the number of listeners dropped, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the popularity of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, trains and offices, where reading aloud would disturb other readers in a way.

Towards the end of the century there was still heated argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully, and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever its advantages are, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and magazines for a specialized readership on the other.

By the end of t he century students were being advised to have some new ideas of books and to use skills in reading them which were not proper, if not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological developments in the century had greatly changed what the term

“reading” referred to.

6. Why was reading aloud common before the nineteenth century?

A. Because silent reading had not been discovered.

B. Because there were few places for private reading.

C. Because few people could read for themselves.

D. Because people depended on reading for enjoyment.

7. The development of silent reading during the nineteenth century showed_______.

A. a change in the position of literate people

B. a change in the nature of reading

C. an increase in the number of books

D. an increase in the average age of readers

8. Educationalists are still arguing about__________.

A. the importance of silent reading

B. the amount of information provided by books and newspapers

C. the effects of reading on health

D. the value of different types of reading material

9. What is the writer of this passage attempting to do?

A. To explain how present day reading habits developed.

B. To change people’s way to read.

C. To show how reading methods have improved.

D. To encourage the growth of reading.

Sherlock Holmes is considered by many people as the greatest detective in fictional literature. He is, in fact, more famous than his own creator, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. In the popular series of stories, Holmes is described as “tall and lean, pope-smoking, always in his cape and speaks in a splendid manner”. Doyle gave Holmes’ address as 221-B Baker Street, London, and to this day some visitors to London still go to Baker Street to search for 221-B. Of course, there never was really any such address. Holmes’ flat was supposed to be shared by the lovable, but sometimes clumsy Doctor Watson who went around with Holmes trying to solve crimes before Holmes did. Poor Dr Watson lost out to Holmes every time.Doyle gave Holmes a masterly skill of deduction---the ability to come up with interesting conclusion from the simplest clues found at the scene of a crime. Doyle said that the description of Holmes was modeled on one of his lecturers at Edinburgh University where he studied medicine. That man was Dr Joseph Bell. Sherlock Holmes first appeared in Doyle’s A Study in Scarlet published in 1887. Holmes was so loved by all that when his author killed him off in one of his stories, readers wrote in anger to complain. They refused to allow Holmes to die! Holmes was brought back to “life” and appeared in further stories.

The stories of Sherlock Holmes have been reprinted many times ever since then. Today we can watch Holmes at work on cinema and television screens as well as on stage.

10. Sherlock Holmes was________.

A. the greatest detective who ever lived

B. Dr Joseph Bell

C. Arthur Conan Doyle

D. only a character made up by Arthur Conan Dolye

11. Dr Watson was________.

A. tall and learn

B. lovable but always clumsy

C. lovable but sometimes clumsy

D. lovable and never clumsy

12. Holmes was supposed to have lived_______.

A. with Dr WatsonB. with Dr Joseph Bell

C. with the greatest detectiveD. with Doyle

13. Doyle made up the description of Holmes_______.

A. from his own imagination

B. based on a famous London doctor

C. based on Dr Joseph Bell at Edinburgh University

D. based on a model of Holmes

答案与解析

1. D 根据第一段内容可知答案。

2. AB、C、 D三个选项在文章中第三段都提到了。

3. B 根据文章中第三段第二句话I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry.可知答案。

4. A 结合本段主题及It also deserves a place …more central than it presently occupies.可知答案。

5. C 根据第三段第一句话I have come to think, in fact, that time spent reading a poem aloud is much more important than “analyzing” it, if there isn’t time for both.及in the classroom(在课堂上)可知答案。

6. C从文中第三段的前两句可以看出。

7. B 从最后一段可找到答案。

8. D 文中第四段的第一句话作了明确说明。

9. A 作者写此文的目的正是向我们说明现代的阅读习惯是如何变化的、发展的。

10. D 从第一段前两句话可知：Holmes (福尔摩斯 )被公认为是虚构文学中最伟大的侦探家，事实上他比他的创作者Arthur Conan Doyle 先生还出名，由此可知Holmes是Arthur Conan Doyle 笔下虚构的一个人物形象。

11. B 由第一段倒数第二句话可知：福尔摩斯和很可爱但有时难免笨拙的华伦医生住在一起。华伦医生伴随福尔摩斯左右并试图在福尔摩斯之前破案，但可怜的他每次都输给福尔摩斯。由此可知答案。

12. A 由第一段倒数第二句可知在小说中Holmes即福尔摩斯被安排和华伦医生住在一起，故选A。

13. C 由第二段第二句话可知福尔摩斯的原型来源于爱丁堡大学的Joseph Bell 博士。

第三篇：2016湖南株洲县高考英语二轮复习阅读理解练习(5)

湖南株洲县2016高考英语阅读理解二轮练习(5)

阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

Most young people enjoy some forms of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling, or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be a game of some forms—football, basketball, hockey, golf or tennis. It may be mountaineering. Those who have a passion of climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks in high mountains? This astonishment is caused, probably, by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure. Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as others, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of different kinds which would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods. If we compare mountaineering with other more familiar sports we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team game”. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no “ matches” between “teams” of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork. The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities. A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year by year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty. But it is not unusual for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they perhaps climb with more skills and less waste of effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment. 1

【文章大意】本文叙述了登山运动的独特之处以及登山运动员所要战胜的困难。登山运动员不遵循一些人为的规则，而是自由的用自己的方法来攀登，因此登山属于一种运动而不是一种比赛。登山运动员不仅要战胜内心的强迫意识而且要战胜自然界的力量。 46. What sports are popular among people in winter in the passage? A. Soccer and golf. B. Skiing and skating. C. Cycling and hockey. D. Mountaineering. 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据or in winter, skating or skiing.可知冬季人们喜爱的运动有滑雪和滑冰。故选B 47. The underlined word “passion” in Paragraph 2 could best be replaced by ______. A. strong emotion B. good way C. better feeling D. enough affection 【答案】A 【解析】词义猜测题。根据willing to suffer cold and hardship and to take risks in high mountains可知登山运动员愿意遭受寒冷和辛苦，冒险登山需要的是很强的热情和激情。故选A 48. Mountaineering is a sport, not a game because_______. A. it has man-made rules B. it is too dangerous for climbers C. it can’t bring people joy or leisure D. it is free for climbers to use their own methods 【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。根据Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.可知登山运动员不遵循一些人为的规则，而是自由的用自己的方法来攀登，因此登山属于一种运动而不是一种比赛。故选D。

49. We know from the passage that _______. A. mountaineering has no appeal for people B. physical quality is more important than mental one for climbers C. a mountain climber passes his best by the age of thirty D. it is possible for an old man of fifty or sixty to climb the Alps 【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。根据But it is not unusual for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps.可知50岁或60岁的男人攀登最高山阿尔卑斯山是很常见的，是有可能的。故选D。

50. What is the best title for the passage? A. Sports in winter B. Team work in climbing C. Mountaineering D. The quality for mountaineering 【答案】C 【解析】标题归纳题。全文围绕着登山运动的独特之处，以及登山运动员需要战胜的困难，可知本文主要讲的是登山运动。故选C。

阅读理解. Why play games? Because they are fun, and a 1ot more besides. Following the rules„planning your next move...acting as a team member„these are all “game” ideas that you will come across throughout your life. Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are entertaining and fun. But perhaps more importantly, they translate life into exciting dramas that teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating (合作) . 3

Many children’s games have a practical side Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For instance, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones. Which sharpens the hand-eye coordination(协调)needed in hunting. Many sports encourage national or local pride. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition. People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold medal is a win for an entire country, not just the athlete who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war, an Olympic win can mean so much. Sports are also an event that unites people. Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. People on all continents play it—some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian soccer player, has discovered a way to spread hope through soccer. He created a foundation to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a promising future. Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other aspects of your life. ( ) 1. Through playing hide-and-seek, children are expected to learn to ________. A. be a team leader B. obey the basic rules C. act as a grown-up D. predict possible danger 41.B. 细节理解题。根据第一段中Following the rules„planning your next move...acting as a team member„these are all “game” ideas that you will come across throughout your life.可知B项正确。

( ) 2. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 most probably means that games can________. A. describe life in an exciting way B. turn real-life experiences into a play C. make learning life skills more interesting D. change people’s views of sporting events

42.C. 词义猜测题。这部分前面的谓语动词是translate有“翻译，解释，转移，调动”的意思，该部分后面有一个定语从句，前后结合就可以理解这部分的意思了。

( ) 3. According to the passage, why is winning Olympic medals so encouraging? A. It inspires people’s deep love for the country. B. It proves the exceptional skills of the winners. C. It helps the country out of natural disasters. D. It earns the winners fame and fortune. 43. A. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold medal is a win for an entire country, not just the athlete who earned it.可知A项正确。

( ) 4. Iribarne’s goal of forming the foundation is to _______. A. bring fun to poor kids B. provide soccer balls for children C. give poor kids a chance for a better life D. appeal to soccer players to help poor kids 44.C. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中He created a foundation to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a promising future.可推出C项是正确的。 ( ) 5. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Gamed benefit people all their lives. B. Sports can get all athletes together. C. People are advised to play games for fun. D. Sports increase a country’s competitiveness.

45.A. 推理判断题。整段分析做游戏的好处，不仅儿童、成人也可以玩游戏。由此可以推断有些对人终身有益。

阅读理解. In the kitchen of my mother’s houses there has always been a wooden stand(木架)with a small notepad(记事本)and a hole for a pencil.

I’m looking for paper on which to note down the name of a book I am recommending to my mother. Over forty years since my earliest memories of the kitchen pad and pencil, five houses later, the current paper and pencil look the same as they always did. Surely it can’t be the same pencil? The pad is more modern, but the wooden stand is definitely the original one. “I’m just amazed you still have the same stand for holding the pad and pencil after all these years.” I say to her, walking bank into the living-room with a sheet of paper and the pencil. “You still use a pencil. Can’t you afford a pen?” My mother replies a little sharply. “It works perfectly well. I’ve always kept the stand in the kitchen. I never knew when I might want to note down an idea, and I was always in the kitchen in these days.”

Immediately I can picture her, hair wild, blue housecoat covered in flour, a wooden spoon in one hand, the pencil in the other, her mouth moving silently. My mother smiles and says, “One day I was cooking and watching baby Pauline, and I had a brilliant thought, but the stand was empty. One of the children must have taken the paper. So I just picked up the breadboard and wrote it all down on the back. It turned out to be a real breakthrough for solving the mathematical problem I was working on.”

This story—which happened before I was born—reminds me how extraordinary my mother was, and is, as a gifted mathematician. I feel embarrassed that I complain about not having enough child-free time to work. Later, when my mother is in the bathroom, I go into her kitchen and turn over the breadboards. Sure enough, on the back of the smallest one, are some penciled marks I recognize as mathematics. Those symbols have traveled unaffected through fifty years, rooted in the soil of a cheap wooden breadboard, invisible(看不到的)exhibits at every meal. ( ) 1. Why has the author’s mother always kept the notepad and pencil in the kitchen? A. To leave messages. B. To list her everyday tasks. C. To note down maths problems.

D. To write down a flash of inspiration. ( ) 2. What is the author’s original opinion about the wooden stand? A. It has great value for the family. B. It needs to be replaced by a better one. C. It brings her back to her lonely childhood. D .It should be passed on to the next generation. ( ) 3. The author feels embarrassed for _________ A. blaming her mother wrongly. B. giving her mother a lot of trouble. C. not making good use of time as her mother did. D. not making any breakthrough in her field. ( ) 4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A .The mother is successful in her career. B. The family members like traveling. C. The author had little time to play when young. D. The marks on the breadboard have disappeared. ( ) 5. In the author’s mind ,her mother is____ A. strange in behavior. B. keen on her research. C. fond of collecting old things. D. careless about her appearance. 本篇文章为记叙文。主要讲述“我”的母亲总是习惯实用厨房里的记事本和铅笔。50年过去了，换了 5 所房子，可母亲的习惯没有改变，却更热衷于此。我突然意识到母亲是位天才的数学家。

46. D细节理解题。根据第四段第三句 never knew when I might want to note down an idea, “and I was always in the kitchen in those days”可知作者母亲随时在存放的记事本上记录自己的想法，故选 D 项。

47. B 推理判断题。根据第三段作者说的“I’m just amazed you still have the same stand for holding the pad and pencil after all these years.”“Can’t you afford a pen”可知作者态度，是在反问母亲，想让母亲用更好的笔和记事本，故选B

48. C 细节理解题，根据第五段第二句“I fell embarrassed that T complain about not having enough child-free time to work”可判断选C项

49. A 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容，可知我意识到母亲的成功，她是天才数学家，母亲充分利用了厨房里的记事本写下数学，以及她对我的影响，由此判断选A 50. B细节理解题。根据第五段第二句母亲的话““One day I was cooking and watching baby „It turned out to be a real breakthrough for solving the mathematical problem I was working on.”可知，作者的母亲很热衷于自己的发现，由此判断选B

阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 When times get tough, we all look for ways to cut back. When we’re hungry, we eat at home instead of going out. We take buses instead of taxis. And we wear our old designer jeans just a few months longer. With college expenses at all-time highs, high school students are eager to do anything to cut the cost of a university education. One cost-cutting proposal is to allow college students to get a bachelor’s degree in three years instead of four. Educational institutions have been actively exploring ways to make the learning process more efficient. But there’s a question: Would the quality of undergraduate education suffer? Few US universities have formally approved a “three-year degree” model.

I doubt that mainstream North American colleges will carry out a three-year curriculum (课程) any time soon. For one thing, most universities already allow highly qualified students to graduate early by testing out of certain classes and obtaining a number of college credits. In addition, at famous universities, the committee who determine which courses are required and which courses are electives are unlikely to suddenly “throw out” one quarter of the required credits. Professors will resist “diluting (稀释)” the quality of the education they offer.

In my opinion, a quality four-year education is always superior to a quality three-year education. A college education requires sufficient time for a student to become skilled in their major and do coursework in fields outside their major.

It is not a good idea to water down education, any more than it’s not a good idea to water down medicine. If we want to help students find their way through university, we should help them understand early on what knowledge and skills they need to have upon graduation. We should allow students to test out of as many courses as possible. We should give them a chance to earn money as interns (实习生) in meaningful part-time jobs that relate to their university studies, such as the five-year co-op program at Northeastern University. 【文章大意】本文叙述了大学教育是否要削减时间，由四年制改为三年制。虽然许多美国大学没有正式的赞同三年制的教育模式，但是在美国大多数大学，有些优秀大学生可以提前毕业。作者认为四年制的大学教育质量比三年制的更优越，学生可以利用充足的时间在所主修的专业和领域变得越来越熟练。

51. Which of the following can be the best title? A. It’s time to shorten the learning process B. Best learning takes place over time C. University education should be watered down D. College education calls for reform 【答案】B 【解析】标题归纳题。根据A college education requires sufficient time for a student to become skilled in their major and do coursework in fields outside their major.可知作者认为大学教育要求学生利用充足的时间在所主修的专业和领域变得熟练，也就是要求最好的学习需要充足的时间。故选B 52. We can learn from the passage that ________. A. most American universities are against the “three-year degree” model B. many famous US universities are considering adopting the “three-year degree” model

C. professors are willing to accept the “three-year degree” model D. The “three-year degree” model can make college learning more efficient 【答案】A 【解析】推理判断题。根据Few US universities have formally approved a “three-year degree” model.可知几乎没有美国大学正式的赞同三年制的教育模式。故选A。

53. In most US universities，________. A. college students are offered the co-op program B. electives’ credits make up one quarter of the required credits C. all students are required to finish four-year education before graduation D. some excellent students can graduate ahead of time 【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。根据most universities already allow highly qualified students to graduate early by testing out of certain classes and obtaining a number of college credits.可知在美国大多数大学，有些优秀大学生可以提前毕业。故选D。 54. We can infer that________. A. the author is a college professor B. the author thinks the cost of a university education is too high for people to afford C. the author considers the university education quality very important D. the author pays special attention to the all-round development of college students 【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据In my opinion, a quality four-year education is always superior to a quality three-year education.可知作者认为四年制的大学教育质量比三年制的更优越，从中可推断作者认为大学的教育质量非常重要。故选C 55. The first paragraph serves as a(n)________.

A. explanation B. definition C. introduction D. comment 【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据With college expenses at all-time highs, high school students are eager to do anything to cut the cost of a university education.可知全额的满时的高校学生渴望削减大学教育成本，由此导入下文的大学教育是否要削减时间。因此第一段起到了导入，介绍的作用。故选C。

第四篇：浙江省高考语文之外国小说阅读精选

答：1.

浙江省高考语文之外国小说阅读精选【C】;2·运用，加强比喻说理的语气和力度。一·【2009绍兴市高三第一学期期末调研】

当玫瑰花开的时候【智利】佩德罗〃普拉多老园丁培育出许多优良品种的玫瑰花。他像蜜蜂似的把花朵从这朵花送到那朵花，在各个种类不同的玫瑰花中进行人工授粉。就这样，他培育出了很多的新品种。这些新品种，成了他心爱的宝贝，也引起了那些不肯像蜜蜂那样辛勤劳动的人的妒羡。

16.这篇哲理小说刻意探讨了一种人生命题，也即“如何去爱”的态度和方法的问题。请简要谈谈你对此的理解。(100字左右)

答：【此为开放题，言之成理即可】——————————————————————————————————————他从来没有摘过一朵花送人。因为这一点，他落得了一个自私、讨人厌的名声。有一位美貌的夫人曾来拜访过他。这位夫人离开的时候，同样也是两手空空没有带走一朵花，只是嘴里重复嘟囔着园丁对她说的话。从那时候起，人们除了说他自私、讨人厌之外，又把他看成了疯子，谁也不再去理睬他了。‚夫人，您真美啊!‛园丁对那位美貌的夫人说，‚我真乐意把我花园里的花全都奉献给您啊!但是，尽管我年岁已这么大了，我依旧不知道怎样采摘下来的玫瑰花，才能算一朵完整而有生命的玫瑰花。您在笑我吧?哦，您不要笑话我，我请求您不要笑话我。‛

老园丁把这位漂亮的夫人带到了玫瑰花园里，那里盛开着一朵奇妙的玫瑰花，艳红的花朵好像是一颗鲜红的心被抛弃在蒺藜之中。‚夫人，您看，‛老园丁一边用他那熟练的布满老茧的手抚摸着花朵，一边说，‚我一直观察着玫瑰开花的全过程。那些红色的花瓣从花萼里长出来，仿佛是一堆小小的篝火喷吐出的红通通的火苗。难道把火苗从篝火中取出来还能继续保持着他那熊熊燃烧的火焰吗?花萼细嫩，慢慢地从长长的花茎上长了出来，而花朵这出落在花枝上。谁也无法确切确切地把他们截然分开。长到何时算是花萼，又长到何时开始算作花朵?我还观察到当玫瑰树根往下伸展开来的时候，枝干就慢慢地变成白色，而它的根因地下水渗出的作用，又同泥土紧紧地结合起来了。‚如果我连一朵玫瑰花该从哪儿算起都不知道，那我怎么能吧它摘下来送给他人?要是硬把他摘下来赠送给别人，那么，夫人，您知道吗一种断残的东西其生命是十分短暂的。‚每年到了十月，那含苞待放的玫瑰花蕾绽开了。我竭力想知道玫瑰是在什么地方开花的。我从来也不敢说：‘我的玫瑰树开花了。’而我总是这样欢呼着：大地开花了，妙极啦!

‚在年轻的时候，我很有钱，身体壮实，人长的很漂亮，而且心地善良，为人忠厚。那时曾有四个女人爱我。

‚第一个女人爱我的钱财，在那个放荡的女人手里，我的钱财很快地被挥霍完了‚第二个女人爱我健壮的身体，她要我去同我的那些情敌去搏斗，去战胜他们。可是不久，我的精力就随着她的爱情枯竭了。‚第三个女人爱我英俊的容貌。她无休止地吻我，对我倾吐了许许多多情意缠绵的奉承话。我英俊的容貌随着我的青春一起消失了，那个女人对我的爱情也就完结了。

‚第四个女人爱我忠厚善良。她利用我这一点来为她自己谋取利益。最后，我终于看出了她的虚伪，就把她抛弃了。‚在那个时候，夫人，我就像是一株玫瑰树上的四朵玫瑰花，四个女人，每人摘去了一朵。但是，如果说一株玫瑰树可以迎送一百个春天的话，那么一朵玫瑰花只能有一个春天。我那几朵可怜的玫瑰花就是如此这般地，一旦被人摘下，也就永远的凋零了。

‚自此以后，从来没有人在我的花园里拿走过一朵花。我对所有到我这花园来的人说：‘你什么时候才能不热衷于那些被分割开来的、残缺不全的东西呢?假若你真能把每件事物的底细明确地分清楚，假若你真能弄清玫瑰长到何时算作花萼，又从何时开始算作花朵的话，那么，你就到那玫瑰开花的地方去采摘吧!‛

———————————————————————————————————————

12.作者在开头三节叙述了人们对老园丁的妒忌与讨厌，其用意是什么?

答：表现，为下文做铺垫。13.我们常说“赠人玫瑰，手有余香”，但老园丁为什么从来没有摘过一朵花送人呢? 答：老园丁的人生经历告诉他“ ” ;在他没有弄

清玫瑰“”的时候，他不会去采摘玫瑰。14.作者为什么要写老园丁的爱情经历?老园丁的感情生活为什么没有圆满的结局?

答： ;

15.请从修辞和表达作用两方面对画线语句进行赏析。

二·【2009绍兴市高三教学质量调研】阅读下面的文字，完成12—16题。(20分)

(1 )住在村边的波贝尔老头，拥有一件自己的小屋和一条狗。他到处行乞，以残羹冷炙聊两个好朋友【俄】叶赛宁

以糊口。波贝尔与他的狗简直形影不离，并给它取了一个亲切的名字，叫德鲁若克。波贝尔串村走巷，叩窗哀求，德鲁若克便站在一旁，摇晃着尾巴，好像期待着也给它一点儿施舍。人家常常对波贝尔说：‚波贝尔，你干嘛不把狗扔掉?要知道，你自己连吃的都没有……‛波贝多用忧郁的眼神看着他的狗——一声不吭。他招呼德鲁若克，从窗子旁走了：一小块面包也没讨着。波贝尔垂头丧气，郁郁寡欢，很少跟人交谈。

(2)冬天来了，暴风雪铺天盖地，狂风吹集了一个个巨大的雪堆。

(3)波贝尔带着狗蹒跚地回到了自己的小屋。小屋破旧不堪，四壁透风，他望了望炉子，望了望，在屋子四角寻找了一阵，可木柴也没有。波贝尔给德鲁若克套上小雪撬，运回柴火，烧着火炕，抱着德鲁若克，心疼地抚摸着它。波贝尔坐在火炕旁，思绪万千，往事一幕幕重演。老头子对德鲁若克讲述着自己的身世，述说着一个悲惨的故事，讲完之后，又痛心地说：‚没关系，德鲁若克，你虽然不能回答，沉默不语，但是，你那灰色的、聪明的眼睛告诉我……你全都明白……‛

(4)暴风雪好像开始疲倦了，它的威力越来越小。水珠儿开始从屋顶上滴答滴答地流下来，雪在消融、减少。波贝尔看到——冬天在消逝，看着——便对德鲁若克说：‚德鲁若克，春天来啦，咱们能活下来的。‛

(5)红彤彤的太阳温暖地照耀着，小河哗啦哗啦地奔流。透过小小的窗口，波贝尔看到，窗下的土地发黑了，树上冒出了嫩芽，散发出春天的气息。可是岁月不饶人，春天的泥泞使得老头子步履艰难。

(6)他的双脚发软，咳嗽使得他胸部抑闷，腰部疼痛，视力完全变得模糊起来。他躺在高板床上，爬都爬不下来了。波贝尔吃力地爬呀，爬呀，开始不住地咳嗽，而且满心忧伤。他对德鲁若克说：‚德鲁若克，我早就预料到了。看来，我很快就会死的，只是，扔下你去死，我真舍不得啊!‛波贝尔病倒了，一动不能动，更下不了床，德鲁若克则寸步不离床边。老头子感觉到——死亡临近了，他感觉到了——设搂着德鲁若克，搂着，搂着，难过地哭泣起来。波贝尔搂着德鲁若克的脖子，将它紧紧地贴在胸前，突然哆嗦了一下——断气了。

(7)波贝尔的冰冷的身体躺在高板床上。德鲁若克知道，它的主人死了。它在屋里窜来窜去，神情凄切。它走近死者身旁，嗅呀，嗅呀，伤心地嚎叫着。

(8)认识他的人开始私下里议论开了：为什么这个波贝尔不出屋来。大伙儿一合计决定进去看看，一看就吓得直往后退。波贝尔的遗体躺在高板床上，小屋里充满一股难闻的尸臭，狗儿坐在床上，坐着——忧伤至极。

(9)人们抬出尸体清洗，收敛入棺，狗儿则寸步不离死者。遗体送到墓地，埋入土里。波贝尔——一个谁也不需要的人——死了，没有人为他哭泣。

(10)德鲁若克在坟堆上叫呀，号呀，用爪子刨着泥土。它企图把老朋友刨开，然后，它和他躺在一起。狗儿没有离开墓地，不吃不喝，悲痛欲绝。德鲁若克的力气衰竭下去了，它没有站起来，它再也站不起来了。它望着坟墓，忧伤地望着，呻吟着。德鲁若克想刨土但是它的爪子已经抬不起来了，它的心脏感到一阵紧缩……浑身颤栗，垂下了脑袋，垂下了，微微抖动一

下……于是死在墓上……

(11)墓地上的小花儿仿佛在切切私语，它们在向鸟儿低声叙述着一个人和一条狗的动人故事。一只杜鹃飞到墓前，停在枝叶低垂的白桦树上，它在坟墓上空忧戚、痛苦地咕咕啼鸣。———————————————————————————————————————

12.文中哪些内容表现了波贝尔与德鲁克是“两个好朋友”?请概括说明。(3分) 答：【共4个要点，答对3个即满分】 (12 ));

(;

(3 ;

(4);孤单一片。

要是白天，不管怎样特鲁芳还能勉强忍受着她的痛苦忧伤，可一到夜幕降临，寒气和暴雨

13.第5节中划线语句的景物描写有什么作用?(4分) 袭来，她就陷入失望之中。她总觉得所有树叶的不幸应归咎于枝繁的树干。树叶落了，树干仍

高高的、密集地矗立着，牢牢地把树根扎在地里。风雨冰雹都动不了它。这对于或许会永远生答：(1)交代;

存下去的一棵树来说到底有什么关系呢?一片叶子的遭遇又是什么呢?对特鲁芳，树干简直就

(2 ;是上帝。树干用树叶遮盖着身躯几个月后，便把他们摇落。它用树液滋养他们高兴多久就多久，14.请结合全文概括波贝尔这一人物形象。(3分，不超过40个字) 随后就任他们渴死。特鲁芳恳求树干为她唤回奥利，让夏日再现，但树干却不屑一顾。

特鲁芳没有想到，黑夜会如此漫长，如此黑暗，如此严寒。她向奥利诉说，希望得到他的答：【提示：性格+形象】

回答，但奥利无语，也丝毫没见他的身影。

特鲁芳对树说：‚既然你把奥利和我分开，干脆也把我送走吧。‛。但连这个请求树也没有理会。

15.请分析第11节的语言特点。答：【提示：修辞，表现手法，还有作用】

。16.小说标题“两个好朋友”能否改为“一个人和一条狗的动人故事”?为什么?请你联系小说的

主题，谈谈理由。(6分)

答：【提示：要么能，要么不能，只能选其一，然后自圆其说】

三·【2009金华一中五月测试卷】

奥利和特鲁芳【美国】艾萨克〃辛格

‚辽阔的森林，树木丛生，密密麻麻，望不到尽头。每年到了这个时候通常是很冷的，甚至要下雪了，可今年的这个十一月，相对来说却比较暖和。要不是整个森林遍地撒满了菊黄、酡红、金色和其他杂色的落叶，你还以为是夏天哩!数不清的树叶，经过日日夜夜的风吹雨淋，

在森林的地上铺上了一层厚厚的地毯。尽管树叶都已干枯，可它们仍然散发出一种宜人的芳香。

太阳照射着它们，那些不知怎么从秋天的风暴中活过来的虫子和苍蝇在它们上面爬着.树叶下面的空隙，为蟋蟀、野鼠和那些在泥土中寻找庇护的其他许多动物提供隐蔽之所。

在一棵光秃的树梢，细枝上残留着两片叶子，奥利和特鲁芳。由于他们不清楚的原因，奥

利和特鲁芳熬过了无数的凄风苦雨的寒夜。谁会知道为什么有的萎落，有的仍留在枝头呢?可奥利和特鲁芳相信这答案就存在于他们伟大的互爱之中。奥利比特鲁芳略微大点，也年长几日，

但特鲁芳却更为漂亮和纤弱一些。每逢刮风落雨，或者开始下冰雹的时候，叶儿本来彼此帮不

了什么忙，可奥利仍然抓住一切机会鼓励特鲁芳。当风暴来临，电闪雷鸣，飓风不仅扫边树叶，甚至撕裂了整个树枝，这时奥利边为特鲁芳祈祷：‚挺住，特鲁芳!用全力挺住啊!‛在风雨交加的寒夜里，特鲁芳抱怨道：‚我完了，奥利，可你一定要挺住!‛

‚为什么?‛奥利问道，‚没有你，我的生命毫无意义。如果你被吹落，我就跟你同归于尽。‛

‚不，奥利，别这样!只要还能留住一片叶子，你就不要落下。‛那得看你是否能和我一道留下。‛奥利回答，‚白天我注视着你，礼赞你的美。夜里闻你的

香气。要我枝头独秀?不，决不!‛

‚奥利，你的话真甜，但并不确切。‛特鲁芳说，‚你很清楚，我以不在那么美了。你看我满脸皱纹，身子萎缩成什么样子了啊!只有一件事还没有变??那就是我对你的爱。‛‚这不就足够了吗?在我们的全部力量中，最高最美的就是爱，‛奥利说，‚只要我们留在这

里相互爱着，任凭风吹雨打或是电击雷劈都摧毁不了我们。告诉你吧，特鲁芳??我从来还没有

像现在这么深地爱着你哩!‛‚为什么，奥利?为什么?我全枯黄了呀!‛

‚谁说只有绿色美，黄色就不美呢?世上的五颜六色各有千秋，同样美嘛!‛

正当奥利说着这话的时候，特鲁芳几个月来所担心害怕的事情发生了??-------一阵大风刮来把奥利从枝头吹脱。特鲁芳开始颤抖和摇晃，就像她很快也要被吹走似的，但是她挺住了。

她眼看着奥利在空中摇曳飘落，她用叶儿的话语呼唤着：‚奥利!回来!奥利!奥利!‛但是她话还没说完，奥利就不见了，他混在其他的叶子群中零落在地，树上只留下特鲁芳

过了一会，特鲁芳瞌睡了。这并不是什么睡眠，不过是一种异常的困倦。待她醒来，特鲁

芳惊讶的发现自己不在悬挂在树上了。原来在她打盹儿那会儿，风已把她吹落在地。这跟太阳

升起时她在树上通常所感觉到的不大一样。一切的恐惧和焦虑都已烟消云散。猛然醒来，使她感到一种以往从未有过的清醒。她明白了她并不是以风儿的多变奇想为转移的叶子，而是整个

宇宙的一部分。像是受了一种神秘力量的启示，特鲁芳懂得了她的分子、原子、质子和电子的

奇迹?她代表的巨大能量和她也包括在其中的超凡宏图。机遇和反复无常的爱，而是一种高尚、强大、同宇宙本身一样永恒的爱。从四月到十一月，他

奥利依偎在她的身旁，用一种他们从前没有意识到的爱脉脉地相互致敬。这不是那种单凭们曾经日夜惧怕的，结果不是死亡，而是永生。微风轻拂，奥利和特鲁芳徐徐飘升在笑中，带

着惟有那些自我解放和投身永恒者所能理解的无上幸福，翱翔。‛【注】艾萨克〃辛格(1904---1991), 美国犹太作家，1978年诺贝尔文学奖获得者。

———————————————————————————————————————

12.用自己的话概述这篇小说的情节。

答：

。

13.特鲁芳被风吹落在地后，“一切恐惧和焦虑都烟消云散了”，为什么? 答：(1(2(3)。 14.作者将两片树叶人格化，但又扣住树叶作为自然之物的特征进行描写，物我合一，浑然一体，给人以真实感，试举例说明。答：【现在文中找例子，然后说明】15.辛格的小说，富有诗意，试加以赏析。;②运用情感美 ;③思想美。 16.“谁说只有绿色美，黄色就不美?世上五颜六色各有千秋，同样美嘛!”你同意这一说法吗?试加以探究。答：【紧扣句子，言之成理即可】

【参考答案】

一·12.表现人们对老园丁的不理解，为下文表现老园丁独特深刻的人生感悟与境界作铺垫。 13.老园丁的人生经历告诉他“一种断残的东西其生命是十分短暂的”;在他没有弄清玫瑰“长到何时才能算是一朵完整而有生命的玫瑰花”的时候，他不会去采摘玫瑰。 14.由物体及人(以物喻人)，揭示小说哲理。老园丁的感情生活没有圆满的结局是因为那些女人都只看中了他的局部，却没有爱上他的全部，因而她们的爱是不完整的。

15.运用比喻，生动形象地说明采摘玫瑰就如同将火苗从篝火中取出来一样，会断送玫瑰的生命和美丽这一道理;运用反问，加强比喻说理的语气和力度。

16.略二·12.(1)波贝尔与德鲁若克形影不离，相依为命。(2)德鲁若克能倾听波贝尔诉说不幸的身世。(3)德鲁若克为主人之死哀号，寸步不离。(4)德鲁若克在主人的墓地悲痛忧伤至死。13.(4分)交代时间，同时也说明春天来临，会给人带来希望(2分);推动情节发展，起反衬作用：春天的到来并没有给波贝尔带来希望，反而使波贝尔生活更加艰辛，生存状况更加不幸(2分)。 14.(3分)孤苦伶仃，以狗儿为伴(1分);生活艰难，以乞讨为生(1分)，被遗忘被冷落，是一个不为人所需的“多余者”形象(1分)。 15.(4分)运用拟人手法，虚实结合，连花鸟都在为波贝尔与狗而哀恸，足见波贝尔的人生何其凄凉，何其悲苦，人与狗的感情又何其深厚(2分);用反衬手法，有情动物反衬无情人间(1分);渲染了悲剧气氛，揭示了悲剧的根源(1分)。 16.(6分)示例一：不能改，原题好，原题中的“两个”颇含深意，给人以悬念，启人思考，没有第三个或更多一些的人成为朋友，只是“人与狗”结成了一对好朋友，对比反讽世态的凉薄与社会的无情，周围人没有温情、没有同情、没有爱心，从而使小说具有强大的批判性，深化了作品的主旨。示例二：可以改。显得具体、客观、明白，直接表明了本文的内容，题中“动人”一词表明了波贝尔与狗之间的挚情，狗对主人的亲情，以此凸显周围人的漠视态度，像陌生人一样，连一小块面包也不会施舍给波贝尔;寓意深远，可使作品具有深刻的批判性。(观点明确1分，言之成理3分，表达流畅2分)

三·12.寒冷来临，奥利和特鲁芳互相以爱勉力留在树上------ 奥利告别了树干，留下孤单的特鲁芳，忍受黑夜、严寒和忧伤-----特鲁芳飘落地上，奥利和特鲁芳互相依偎，获得永生。 13.①自己是宇宙的一部分，落下就是死亡或新生，这是自然规律②生命具有巨大的能量，具有超凡的宏图③ 永恒的爱可以超越死亡，获得永生。 14.例如第二段写奥利比特鲁芳略微大一点，使后文奥利先落于地下自然合理，写特鲁芳更为漂亮和纤弱，符合她小一点并且是女性的特点，写刮风落雨下冰雹，他们不能彼此帮助，只能用语言加以鼓励，这些都符合两片长在树上的树叶的特性，给人以真实感。 15.①运用拟人----形象美②运用对话-----情感美③ 对永生之爱的追求-----思想美16.言之成理即可

第五篇：现代文阅读指导(小说阅读)高考现代文阅读复习教案

现代文阅读指导

(一)小说阅读 ——高考现代文阅读复习

教学目标

通过小说阅读的指导，明确此类文体阅读技巧以提高叙述类文学作品的阅读能力

通过适当的训练，以形成此类阅读文章的答题模式教学重点

此类阅读文章答题模式的形成教学方法

指导法练习法教学准备

多媒体课件

高考相关资料教学时数

课时教学步骤

第一、二课时

教学过程要点：知识传授一，具体操作

(一)小说文体常识

小说是以刻画人物为中心，通过完整的故事情节和具体的环境描写来反映社会生活的一种文学体裁。

小说有三个要素：人物、故事情节、环境(自然环境和社会环境)。小说反映社会生活的主要手段是塑造人物形象。

(二)小说阅读三步曲第一步：写什么?

1、情节：什么人在什么地方做了什么事?结果怎样?

2、主题

第二步：怎么写?

小说的写作技艺：怎样塑造人物?怎样设置情节?怎样描写环境? 第三步：写得怎样? 阅读要有独特的感受。

(三)鉴赏：题目

以主要内容或主要事件拟题。比较适合内容或事件具体且单一的文章。如《祝福》

以贯穿全文的线索拟题。比较适合以实物为线索的文章。如：《药》以有象征意义又暗含中心的的实物为题。《雁阵》以主要人物为题。如《侯银匠》以特定环境为题，如：《荷花淀》

一、人物

设题：

1、是一个怎样的人 (形象)?

【答题：他是一个„„(形象特点)的XXX(身份定位)】

2、这一形象具有怎样的特点?

3、塑造这一形象有何作用? 【答题：(1)衬托主要人物(2)突出主题】

4、刻画这一形象主要运用了什么方法(或运用了哪些方法)? 【答题：概括介绍(全景式描写)、肖像(神态)、语言、动作、心理、细节描写(对人物形象特征、语言、动作、服饰等细致而富有表现力的细节作特写式的描写。)正面描写、侧面描写(他人的言行心理评价、衬托(正衬、反衬)】从四个方面揣摩

①重视小说中人物的身份、地位、经历、教养、气质等，因它们直接决定着人物的言行，影响着人物的性格。

②通过人物的外貌、语言、行动、心理描写揭示人物的思想感情和性格特征。 ③小说里的人物都是在一定的历史背景下活动的，所以分析人物就应把他们放在一定的社会历史背景下去理解。 ④注意作者对人物的介绍和评价。

(一)从描写手法入手分析形象

如：文中表现了“驼爷”哪些优秀思想品质?(结合具体描写，分点说明)(6分

①忠于职守(如“五年前倒下的松林，至今还在他的心头滴血”、“呐，我又栽上了”等)

②面对威胁不退缩(如“眯起眼，驼爷读狗娃脸上的那道月牙疤”等) ③坦荡、自信(如“驼爷仿佛什么也没听见一样，款款地卷好一支烟，款款地抽”等)

④关心他人(如“你就忍心不回家看看爹娘?这几年，他们想你快想疯了”等) ⑤对像狗娃这样犯过罪的人也并不丧失信心(如“狗娃不是人?狗娃一点人味也没有?我不信”、“说罢，驼爷又哑哑地笑，竟一脸的灿烂”等。 (二)从情节入手分析人物形象

如：结合作品简要分析白生这一人物形象。(《一片苍茫》)

白生是一个爱民如子的好官。

①白生临行前拜见恩师多举，示其不敢忘恩，可见其有情有义。

②白生到任第二天即投入问案等事中，并微服私访，示其想有所所作为，可见其胸有志向。

③白生挨家挨户走访民情，示其能够体恤下情，可见其对百姓的一颗爱心。 ④白生能用自己的方式使百姓摆脱“梨灾”，可见其处事有智谋。

⑤白生为了百姓的利益敢于冒犯龙颜，蹈死不顾，可见其有舍生取义的大勇。石丁这一形象主要有什么特点?小说塑造石丁这一形象主要有哪些方面的作用?(6分)

(1)画艺高，为人精明，戒备心重。(2分)

(2)①衬托了胡笛的坦诚相待和不卑不亢(与胡笛的坦诚相待和不卑不亢形成对照)，突出胡笛的率直和坦诚。②突出了主题，通过写石丁在画中作”暗记，，表现出对胡笛的不信任，批评了社会上存在的“信任”缺失现象。

小说刻画胡笛这一形象运用了哪些方法?试举例并略加分析。(6分) 【参考答案】①概括介绍。原文第四段概括介绍了胡笛的人品和画艺。②语言描写。如：“石先生，裱画界虽有个别心术不正的人，但毕竟不能以偏概全。暗记者，因对人不信任而设，我着力去之，一是为了不玷污先生的艺术，二是为了我们彼此坦诚相待。谢谢。我走了。”这一段文字表现了胡笛的正直与坦诚。③神态描写(或：肖像描写)。如“胡笛安闲地坐在画案一侧，眼睛微闭”“胡笛猛地睁开了眼睛，笑着说”“胡笛说完，很从容地走出了画室”。通过这些描写表现出胡笛的正直、镇定和问心无愧。④侧面描写。主要通过石丁的猜疑来反衬胡笛的正直无私。

二、鉴赏小说的情节

小说主要是通过故事情节来展现人物性格、表现中心的。小说的情节一般分为开端、发展、高潮、结局四个部分。有时为了介绍人物和背景在开头加上“序幕”，为了深化升华主题在结尾加上“尾声”。故事情节都是虚构的。故事来源于生活，但它通过整理、提炼和安排，就比现实生活中发生的真事更集中，更完整，更具有代表性。设题角度

①用一句话或简明的语句概括故事情节;②文中共写了哪几件事，请依次加以概括;

③概括小说的内容(开端、发展、高潮和结局)。

微型小说情节的典型特点：一波三折;曲折离奇、出人意表;意料之外、情理之中。

情节

1、这一情节安排是否合理?

【答题：(1)符合情节发展、生活真实

(2)符合、强化 /丰富人物性格

(3)符合、突出 / 深化主题】

2、这一情节的好处/作用是什么? 【答题：

(1)情节:丰富情节、增加波澜、照应、铺垫、巧设(揭示)悬念、激发读者兴趣

(2)人物：充分揭示人物性格、使人物更为丰满立体 (3)主题：揭示或升华、深化主题】从三个方面揣摩

①理清小说的结构;②寻找线索;③抓住场面。注意两点：

①情节的发展变化是矛盾冲突发展的体现，分析小说的情节时必须抓住主要的矛盾冲突;

②分析情节不是鉴赏小说的目的，而是手段，是为理解人物性格、把握小说主题服务的。

1、请简要概括赛艾姆“认识自我”的过程。(4分)

从开始的自我怀疑到产生决心重新认识自我的念头，然后在与名人外貌特征、生活习惯的比较中寻找自我，最终获得信心、认定自我。

你认为小说中胡笛改掉石丁画作中的暗记这个情节的安排合理吗?请结合全文简要说说你的看法和理由。(6分)

答案：这一情节的安排是合理和巧妙的。达到意料之外，情理之中的效果。(1分)首先，它符合和突出了小说的主题:社会上普遍的“信任”缺失导致人与人之间缺乏互信，因而讲诚信者;坦诚待人者十分难得和可贵;(2分)其次，它符合小说情节的发展和人物的性格，强化了人物性格:胡笛是国画专业毕业的，山水画有名气，所以改掉暗记石丁看不出;他性格犟直(看不惯艺术招生中的错规则，跟领导闹矛盾)，才敢改掉别人画中的暗记。

三、鉴赏小说的环境描写设题角度

①在文中准确地找出描写环境的句子 ②就指定的环境描写说出其作用

③依据文章内容发挥想象续写一段环境描写

环境描写的作用从五方面进行思考

①交代故事发生的时间、地点、背景; ②渲染气氛，烘托人物心情。 ③揭示人物心理，衬托人物性格; ④揭示深化主题;

⑤推动情节的发展，为刻画人物作铺垫，打基础。

对自然环境的描写在这篇小说中起着怎样的作用?试作简要分析。

①交代故事发生的背景，渲染阴冷的气氛：故事发生在一个风暴肆虐、又黑又冷的夜晚。 ②推动情节的发展：渔夫打鱼迟迟不归和最后一无所获，冉娜担心外出察看天气，女邻居悲惨死去，都与风暴有关。

③衬托人物形象：恶劣的天气加剧了渔民夫妇生活的艰难，却没有改变他们善良的心灵，美好的行为。

四、鉴赏小说的主题

作品或文章所显示的总的思想意义，也就是作者在塑造人物反映生活现象时，通过全文内容所表达出来的总的意图。

选文富有文化内涵和时代气息，做到了对学生成长的关怀与道德修养的指引。有的材料关注生命与环境,有的剖析生命的价值，有的颂扬乐观向上的人生态度,有的培养健全的人格，有的揭示生活的哲理,闪耀着灿烂的人文思想火花。如何把握小说的主题呢?