7最后一次演讲

2024-05-01

7最后一次演讲(共6篇)

篇1:7最后一次演讲

最后一次讲演

学习目标:

1、学习闻一多先生热爱祖国、献身革命的英雄气概和斗争精神。

2、领会本文表达鲜明观点的特色。

3、体味口语的特点和本文感情色彩强烈的语言。

学习重难点:

领会闻先生为真理、正义献身的伟大革命精神;感叹句和修辞方法(设问、反问、重复)的运用。

课时安排:1课时

学习过程:

一:预习导学

1.介绍演讲词的特点:

讲演词,也叫演讲词、演说词,它常在各种大型的群众集会或较为隆重的场合使用,而且讲话人所讲的都是些较为重大的问题或是讲话人就某个专门问题进行的论述。讲演词具有宣传、鼓动和教育作用,它可以把讲演者的观点、主张与思想感情传达给听众及读者,使他们信服并在思想感情上产生共鸣。

2、补充闻一多当时演讲的时代背景。

1)李公朴先生为什么会遇害?

李公朴先生是一位著名的爱国民主战士。1945年抗日战争胜利后,国民党当局妄图篡夺胜利果实,实行独裁统治,阴谋发动内战。国民党反动派疯狂地镇压民主运动。1946年2月,重庆发生“校场口事件”,重庆各界人士在校场口集会庆祝政治协商会议的召开,国民党特务捣毁会场,大打出手,打伤郭沫若等60多人,李公朴先生当场被特务打伤。5月初,李先生带伤回到昆明,又与闻一多先生一起发动“呼吁和平宣言”万人签名运动。国民党反动派对李先生又恨又怕。7月11日晚十时许,李公朴先生在回家途中被国民党特务用无声手枪暗杀。

2)补充闻一多演讲背景:

闻先生“毅然出席”7月15日举行的追悼李公朴先生的大会。出席这次追悼大会的教授,就闻先生一人。闻先生不避危险,置个人生死于度外,“毅然出席”这次追悼大会,决心像老战友李公朴一样,为争取民主和平,反对独裁和内战而坚决斗争。闻先生面对会场上特

务的凶焰,义愤填膺,“拍案而起”,挺身走上讲台,义正辞严地当众揭露、痛斥反动派的罪恶和卑劣,表现出一位爱国民主战士的英雄气概。闻先生在发表这次讲演后三个小时,就被特务用无声手枪暗杀了,他把自己的生命献给了争取民主和平,为真理正义而战的崇高事业。3}介绍作者闻一多:

闻一多(1899.11.24—1946.7.15)原名闻家骅,号友三,生于湖北浠水。自幼爱好古典诗词和美术。1912年考入北京清华学校,1919年五四运动中,积极参加学生运动。1922年7月赴美留学。年底出版与梁实秋合著的《冬夜草儿评论》,代表了闻一多早期对新诗的看法。1925年5月回国,曾在北京艺术专科学校、武汉大学、清华大学、西南联大等学校任教。1923年9月出版第一本新诗集《红烛》,1928年1月出版第二本诗集《死水》。还著有《神话与诗》、《楚辞补校》,1944年加入中国民主同盟。1946年7月15日在悼念李公朴先生的大会上,愤怒斥责国民党暗杀李公朴的罪行,发表了著名的《最后一次讲演》,当天下午即被国民党特务杀害。

3、你认为需要大家注意的字整理在下面

4、本文表现了闻一多先生对李公朴烈士和爱国民主运动怎样的思想感情?对反动派怎样的态度?

学习过程

一、导入新课

今天,我们共同来学习闻一多先生的《最后一次讲演》,闻一多先生是什么人?他的这篇讲演是在什么情况下作的?为什么说是“最后一次讲演”?这些问题同学们已有了答案,下面就请几位同学介绍相关的情况。根据同学们的介绍我们感悟到本文是一篇用满腔爱国热忱谱成用鲜血写就的文字,是一篇感情色彩鲜明的讲演词,属议论文。

二、自学展示:

1、学生展示自己整理的生字。

2、找学生介绍李公朴及闻一多

3、学生总结文章表达的作者的思想感情(对李公朴的赞赏、歌颂,对国民党的愤怒和痛恨之情。)

三、课文学习:

学生试读:提示:我们已经体会出文章表达的思想感情所以读时应注意读出讲演的气势与感情。

四、合作交流:

1.闻一多先生在讲演中一再痛斥敌人卑劣无耻,同学们说说它表现在哪几个方面?

2.与敌人卑劣无耻恰成对比的是李先生的光荣,李先生的光荣表现在什么地方?

3.作者是怎样揭露反动派的虚弱本质,指出反革命的末日来临的?揭露——虚弱本质:自己在恐怖、慌、害怕

指出——末日来临:完了、快完了

4.闻一多先生预言敌人“快完了”,人民一定胜利,有什么根据?请从文章中找答案。

明确:第一,他们这样疯狂地制造恐怖,这是他们自己在慌,在害怕,自己在制造恐怖;第二,杀死一个李公朴,会有千万个李公朴站起来;第三,历史上没有一个反人民的势力是不被人民毁灭的。

5.闻一多先生对进步青年提出了什么样的号召?

6.文末表达了闻一多先生怎样的斗争决心?

表达——自己的决心:义无反顾,随时准备献身。

7.闻一多先生的遗愿,上一代青年人完成了,他们用鲜血和生命换来了一个崭新的世界,换来了我们今天的幸福生活。同学们,我们新中国青年一代的任务又是什么呢?怎样才能对得起革命先烈呢?

明确:我们新中国的青年一代肩负着刻苦学习,掌握本领开拓未来,建设四化的历史重任。我们要坚持四项基本原则,警惕资本主义的“和平演变”,立志成才,献身四化,这样才能无愧于为共和国的诞生而英勇斗争、光荣献身的无数革命先烈。

五、深入阅读

(一)朗读课文,说说这篇讲演词有什么特色?

讨论提示:感情强烈,爱憎分明,富有战斗力和感染力。这样的特色是怎样形成的呢?

讨论提示:

1.对进步力量和对反动派讲的话,语气和措词的感情色彩截然不同。

2.在讲演中,作者使用了较多的感汉句、设问句和反问句,有助

于表达强烈的思想感情。

找出几个感叹句并改为陈述句。比较表达效果。

找出几个反问句并改成陈述句。

(二)、请着重读本文第1、2段,体会一下它跟一般文章的语言有什么不同?

明确:口语又叫口头语,是大多数人日常交际时口头使用的语言,它的特点是词汇大众化,句式简短,少用关联词语。

(三)、饱含激情的语句。

讲演词的开头和结尾至关重要,因为它能否吸引听众和能否达到讲演目的的关键。该文的开头和结尾,尤其是结尾,使听众振聋发聩、热血沸腾、摩拳擦掌、跃跃欲试,表现了闻一多先生的高超的讲演技巧。同学们对此应认真体会琢磨,并逐步学会善于选取恰当的语句作为讲演的精妙结尾!

学生找例句然后朗读体会各句式的作用,从而感受演讲词的特点。(在小组内完成)

六、积累迁移:

针对西方资本主义国家在武力征服中国失败后,把和平演变的希望寄托在中国第三代、第四代人身上的妄想,以“我们这一代人的回答”为题,写一篇演讲稿。

七、作业:整理有关母爱的实例、名言等

篇2:7最后一次演讲

闻一多

这几天,大家晓得,在昆明出现了历史上最卑劣最无耻的事情!李先生究竟犯了什么罪,竟遭此毒手?他只不过用笔写写文章,用嘴说说话,而他所写的,所说的,都无非是一个没有失掉良心的中国人的话!大家都有一枝笔,有一张嘴,有什么理由拿出来讲啊!有事实拿出来说啊!为什么要打要杀,而且又不敢光明正大的来打来杀,而偷偷摸摸的来暗杀!这成什么话?

今天,这里有没有特务?你站出来!是好汉的站出来!你出来讲!凭什么要杀死李先生?杀死了人,又不敢承认,还要诬蔑人,说什么“桃色事件”,说什么共产党杀共产党,无耻啊!无耻啊!这是某集团的无耻,恰是李先生的光荣!李先生在昆明被暗杀是李先生留给昆明的光荣!也是昆明人的光荣!

去年“一二·一”昆明青年学生为了反对内战,遭受屠杀,那算是青年的一代献出了他们最宝贵的生命!现在李先生为了争取民主和平而遭受了反动派的暗杀,我们骄傲一点说,这算是像我这样大年纪的一代,我们的老战友,献出了最宝贵的生命!这两桩事发生在昆明,这算是昆明无限的光荣!

反动派暗杀李先生的消息传出以后,大家听了都悲愤痛恨。我心里想,这些无耻的东西,不知他们是怎么想法,他们的心理是什么状态,他们的心是怎样长的!其实很简单,他们这样疯狂的来制造恐怖,正是他们自己在慌啊!在害怕啊!所以他们制造恐怖,其实是他们自己在恐怖啊!特务们,你们想想,你们还有几天?你们完了,快完了!你们以为打伤几个,杀死几个,就可以了事,就可以把人民吓倒了吗?其实广大的人民是打不尽的,杀不完的!要是这样可以的话,世界上早没有人了。

你们杀死一个李公朴,会有千百万个李公朴站起来!你们将失去千百万的人民!你们看着我们人少,没有力量?告诉你们,我们的力量大得很,强得很!看今天来的这些人,都是我们的人,都是我们的力量!此外还有广大的市民!我们有这个信心:人民的力量是要胜利的,真理是永远存在的。历史上没有一个反人民的势力不被人民毁灭的!希特勒,墨索里尼,不都在人民面前倒下去了吗?翻开历史看看,你们还站得住几天!你们完了,快完了!我们的光明就要出现了。我们看,光明就在我们眼前,而现在正是黎明之前那个最黑暗的时候。我们有力量打破这个黑暗,争到光明!我们的光明,就是反动派的末日!

李先生的血不会白流的!李先生赔上了这条性命,我们要换来一个代价。“一二·一”四烈士倒下了,年青的战士们的血换来了政治协商会议的召开;现在李先生倒下了,他的血要换取政协会议的重开!我们有这个信心!

“一二·一”是昆明的光荣,是云南人民的光荣。云南有光荣的历史,远的如护国,这不用说了,近的如“一二·一”,都是属于云南人民的。我们要发扬云南光荣的历史!

反动派挑拨离间,卑鄙无耻,你们看见联大走了,学生放暑假了,便以为我们没有力量了吗?特务们!你们错了!你们看见今天到会的一千多青年,又握起手来了,我们昆明的青年决不会让你们这样蛮横下去的!

反动派,你看见一个倒下去,可也看得见千百个继起的!正义是杀不完的,因为真理永远存在!历史赋予昆明的任务是争取民主和平,我们昆明的青年必须完成这任务!

我们不怕死,我们有牺牲的精神!我们随时像李先生一样,前脚跨出大门,后脚就不准备再跨进大门!

《静 夜》 闻一多

这灯光,这灯光漂白了的四壁;

这贤良的桌椅,朋友似的亲密;

这古书的纸香一阵阵的袭来;

要好的茶杯贞女一般的洁白;

受哺的小儿接呷在母亲怀里,鼾声报道我大儿康健的消息……

这神秘的静夜,这浑圆的和平,我喉咙里颤动着感谢的歌声。

但是歌声马上又变成了诅咒,静夜!我不能,不能受你的贿赂。

谁希罕你这墙内尺方的和平!

我的世界还有更辽阔的边境。

这四墙既隔不断战争的喧嚣,你有什么方法禁止我的心跳?

最好是让这口里塞满了沙泥,如其他只会唱着个人的休戚,最好是让这头颅给田鼠掘洞,让这一团血肉也去喂着尸虫,如果只是为了一杯酒,一本诗,静夜里钟摆摇来的一片闲适,就听不见了你们四邻的呻吟,看不见寡妇孤儿抖颤的身影,这四墙既隔不断战争的喧嚣,你有什么方法禁止我的心跳?

最好是让这口里塞满了沙泥,如其他只会唱着个人的休戚,最好是让这头颅给田鼠掘洞,让这一团血肉也去喂着尸虫,如果只是为了一杯酒,一本诗,静夜里钟摆摇来的一片闲适,就听不见了你们四邻的呻吟,看不见寡妇孤儿抖颤的身影,战壕里的痉挛,疯人咬着病榻,和各种惨剧在生活的磨子下。

幸福!我如今不能受你的私贿,我的世界不在这尺方的墙内。

篇3:7最后一次演讲

钱老在最后一次系统谈话中说道:“今天, 党和国家都很重视科技创新问题, 投了不少钱搞什么‘创新工程’、‘创新计划’等等, 这是必要的。但我觉得更重要的是要具有创新思想的人才。问题在于, 中国还没有一所大学能够按照培养科学技术发明创造人才的模式去办学, 都是些人云亦云、一般化的, 没有自己独特的创新东西, 受封建思想的影响, 一直是这个样子。我看, 这是中国当前的一个很大问题。”

钱老说的是:“没有一所大学。”我认为, 钱老的说法没有任何的偏激, 而是“有的放矢, 一针见血”!把钱老的话推广起来, 结论是:也没有一所中学和小学“能够按照培养科学技术发明创造人才的模式去办学”。造成此种情况的原因很多, 但“听话”教育是罪魁祸首。绝大部分的教育者都把“听不听话”作为衡量学生的首要标准:听话的就是好学生, 不听话的就不是好学生。这种评判的标准是非常错误和有害的。

“听话”教育是懒人的教育。因为这种教育方法给教育者带来的麻烦最小。学生听话, 一切都按照教育者设计的流程接受, 没有了“越轨”的现象, 学生就像是工厂流水线上的产品, 不必花那么多的精力和心血, 就有了偷懒的机会, 教育者自然感到省心和欢欣。而“创新”教育, 它要求学生有异想天开的思维, 有“打破砂锅问到底”的勇气, 有不怕犯错的行动。无疑, “创新”教育的这些要求是和“听话”教育者的追求格格不入的, 是增加了教育者的负担的, 因此, 懒惰的教育者选取的是“听话”教育, 舍弃的是“创新”教育。

“听话”教育是庸人的教育。有人对钱学森的导师卡门教授说:“你把这么好的思想都讲出来了, 就不怕别人超过你?”卡门说:“我不怕, 等他赶上我这个想法, 我又跑到前面老远去了。”卡门教授是一位博学而磊落的智者, 所以他敢如此说和做。持“听话”教育思想的人, 一方面由于自己的水平“有限”, 底气不足, 怕招架不了学生的请教, 所以不敢如此说和做;另一方面没有“弟子不必不如师, 师不必贤于弟子”的准备, 害怕学生超过自己而觉得脸上无光, 所以不愿如此说和做。由此可见, “听话”教育是庸人的“自我保护”盾牌, 是一种明哲保身的做法。

“听话”教育是误人的教育。“听话”教育者表面上为学生设计了种种看似美妙而完美的蓝图, 其实, 这是一种非常容易破裂的肥皂泡。“听话”教育就是人与亦云, 就是让学生固定在守旧的思维牢笼中, 循规蹈矩, 墨守成规。学生是有能动性的人, 而不能仅是“听话”的学习工具, 我们应该尊重、激发他们的创造性, 这样, 学生才能成长为具有完全人格意义和实践能力的人。温家宝总理2009年教师节前夕到北京三十五中调研时指出:教育的根本任务是培养人才, 特别是要培养德智体美全面发展的高素质人才。从国内外的比较看, 中国培养的学生往往书本知识掌握得很好, 但是实践能力和创造精神还比较缺乏。温总理的讲话和钱老的谈话其思想上是一致的:教育要培养学生的创新的精神。这无疑是给“听话”教育者的一份掷地有声的忠告。

篇4:7最后一次演讲

本片最大看点无疑是英年早逝的主演保罗·沃克——2013年11月一场意外车祸,让《速度与激情7》成为沃克大银幕绝唱。事故发生在电影拍摄期间,沃克意外离世令影迷始料未及,极大影响了影片制作。片方竭尽全力弥补其在片中的缺席,但这种欲盖弥彰看起来有些愚蠢可笑。当然,影片CGI依然保持高水准,不少观众观影时尝试分辨哪些戏是沃克亲自演出,哪些是替身或CGI合成。这并非易事——沃克看上去自始至终参与了整部电影。

撇开电影特效,单就剧情而言,《速度与激情7》有些过于“病态”。编导一次次将沃克饰演的布莱恩·奥康纳推入危机,不断提醒观众这就是角色的告别时刻,之后不厌其烦让其绝处逢生。例如片尾异常刺激的大巴爆炸场景,主人公驾车从飞机落下,着陆堪称完美,人车几乎毫发无伤。此前的西南偏南电影节,制片人尼尔·莫瑞兹特意对外介绍这场华彩大戏,他没忘记请求在场观众对布莱恩最终命运保密。

与该系列前集一样,《速度与激情7》故事主线几句话就能讲完:伊恩·肖(杰森斯·坦森饰)发誓要将以多米尼特·托莱多(范·迪塞尔饰)为首的赛车家族赶尽杀绝,以为兄弟欧文·肖(上一集被消灭的反派)报仇雪恨。为此,这群恐怖分子窃取监视程序“上帝之眼”,并掳走程序发明者拉姆塞(娜塔莉埃·马努埃尔饰)。配有私人军队的神秘警官(库尔特·拉塞尔饰)决定与托莱多联手合作,一举铲除伊恩·肖一伙。

篇5:最后一次演讲教案

年级__八年级_

学科__语文___

课题

《最后一次演讲》第一课时

课型

新授

审核人

教学目标

一、知识和能力:

1.了解演讲的一般要求。

2.理解演讲是心灵的表白。

3.体会口语强烈的感情色彩。

二、过程和方法:

1.明确句式变化、修辞使用等技巧在演讲语言中的重要作用,能够初步掌握演讲语言中表情达意的技巧,并且学以致用。

2.①以演讲为突破口,以演讲语言为学习重点,通过师生的演讲及对演讲语言的品评活动,培养学生的听、说能力和审美能力。

②在演讲语言的学习中训练学生迅速、准确地组织语言的能力和运用句式的变化和修辞等技巧表情达意的思维能力和口头表达能力。

三、情感态度和价值观:

1、学习闻一多先生热爱祖国、献身革命的英雄气概和斗争精神。

2、领会本文表达鲜明观点的特色。

3、体味口语的特点和本文感情色彩强烈的语言。

教学重点

1.体味口语的特点和本文感情色彩强烈的语言。

2.学习闻一多先生热爱祖国、献身革命的英雄气概和斗争精神。

教学难点

1、领会本文表达鲜明观点的特色。

2、体味口语的特点和本文感情色彩强烈的语言。

学情分析

初三的学生有一定演讲的阅读能力,所以教学应以学生为主,通过反复朗读、品读,完成对文章的理解。可以通过小组竞赛演讲的方式,体会闻一多的感情,理解演讲以及口语的特色。

教学准备

学生:熟读课文,了解作家及背景。

教师:充分备课,制作多媒体。

教学过程:

集体备课

个人备课

一.导入新课、解题:3分钟

1、今天,我们共同来学习闻一多先生的《最后一次讲演》,闻一多先生是什么人?他的这篇讲演是在什么情况下作的?为什么说是“最后一次讲演”?

2、这是一篇用满腔爱国热忱谱成用鲜血写就的文字,是一篇感情色彩鲜明的讲演词,属议论文体裁。介绍演讲词的特点:

讲演词,也叫演讲词、演说词,它常在各种大型的群众集会或较为隆重的场合使用,而且讲话人所讲的都是些较为重大的问题或是讲话人就某个专门问题进行的论述。讲演词具有宣传、鼓动和教育作用,它可以把讲演者的观点、主张与思想感情传达给听众及读者,使他们信服并在思想感情上产生共鸣。

二.课前预习检查:

8分钟

三、认知学习目标:2分钟略

四、初读课文,自主学习,展示交流:

151、学生自读体会

(提示:注意体味讲演的气势与感情,画出表达强烈感情的语句。)

2、感知内容理解作者的情感:

(1)、闻一多演讲的主要内容是什么?

(闻一多在李公朴的追悼会上,义正辞严地当众揭露、痛斥反动派的罪恶和卑劣,表达了对民主和平的坚定信心。)

本文分为三部分。

第一部分(1~3段):高度赞扬了李公朴和昆明人民为争取民主和平而斗争的精神,痛斥国民党反动派暗杀李公朴的罪行,揭露了其虚伪的本性。

第二部分(4、5段):剖析国民党反动派的虚伪本质,指出人民必胜,光明就在眼前。

第三部分(6~12段):号召昆明人民发扬优良传统,坚持斗争,并表达自己为正义而献身的决心。

本文围绕李公朴被害事件,揭露反动派的无耻暴行和虚弱的本质,赞颂烈士的斗争和牺牲精神,号召人民与敌人斗争到底。

(2)、与敌人卑劣无耻恰成对比的是李先生的光荣,李先生的光荣表现在什么地方?

(为民主和平而献身,将会赢得更强大的革命力量。)

3、补充闻一多当时演讲的时代背景。

1)李公朴先生为什么会遇害?

2)补充闻一多演讲背景:

五、品读课文,展示交流

1、闻一多先生预言敌人“快完了”,人民一定胜利,有什么根据?请从文章中找答案。

明确:

第一,他们这样疯狂地制造恐怖,这是他们自己在慌,在害怕,自己在制造恐怖;第二,杀死一个李公朴,会有千万个李公朴站起来;第三,历史上没有一个反人民的势力是不被人民毁灭的。

2、闻一多先生对进步青年发出了什么样的号召?

提示:体现在6—10自然段。

3、研讨写作特色:

(1)、前面,我们侧重领会了本文的思想内容,课后布置同学们朗读课文,大家一定深有体会,请同学们说说这篇讲演词有什么特色?

讨论提示:感情强烈,爱憎分明,富有战斗力和感染力。

这样的特色是怎样形成的呢?

讨论提示:

对进步力量和对反动派讲的话,语气和措词的感情色彩截然不同。

例如:对敌人:无耻。对李先生:光荣

(2)、在讲演中,作者使用了较多的感叹句、设问句和反问句,有助于表达强烈的思想感情。

这篇讲演词运用了40多个感叹号,把讲演者的思想感情一遍又一遍地展示给了听众,造成了使之越来越分明、越来越强烈的效果。设问、反问及反复和排比等修辞格的综合运用也是这篇讲演词的一大特点。这些修辞格的综合运用,使听众的思想与讲演者的思想感情始终处在激荡、交融,再激荡、再交融的过程中,从而不断地涌动和撞击,达到强烈的共鸣。这篇讲演词具有极强的表现力量。

(3)、在讲演中人称的不断变换,对表达讲演者的思想感情起了有力的配合作用。

对敌人用“你们”,对正义力量用“我们”,爱憎分明,旗帜鲜明地与敌人展开面对面地交锋。

(4)、短句较多,语言口语化。

口语又叫口头语,是大多数人日常交际时口头使用的语言,它的特点是词汇大众化,句式简短,少用关联词语。演讲多用口语。

(5)、饱含激情的语句。

讲演词的开头和结尾至关重要,因为它能否吸引听众和能否达到讲演目的的关键。该文的开头和结尾,尤其是结尾,使听众振聋发聩、热血沸

腾、摩拳擦掌、跃跃欲试,表现了闻一多先生的高超的讲演技巧。同学们对此应认真体会琢磨,并逐步学会善于选取恰当的语句作为讲演的精妙结尾!

六、小结

:口语具有强烈的感情色彩的表现:

(1)

运用近义词、反义词使感情色彩强烈。如第一段中用“打”、“杀”、“暗杀”等近义词,揭露了敌人的暴行,使语言富于变化,表达了演讲者对特务暴行的憎恨。第二段用“无耻”和“光荣”这对反义词,词义上的鲜明对比,增强了语言的感情色彩,表达了演讲者分明的憎爱感情。第五段用“光明”和“黑暗”这对反义词,表明了演讲者冲破黑暗,争取光明的强烈思想感情。

(2)

运用感叹句、反问句、递进句表达了强烈的感情。

(3)

运用反复、对比的修辞方法,使感情色彩强烈。

(4)运用语调抑扬顿挫的变化来表达感情色彩。

七、课堂检测:(7分钟)八、布置作业:(2分钟)

1.探究练习二。(必做)2.选用随堂练习。(选作、自主)

学科知识构建与板书设计

敬业与乐业

演讲稿:

第一部分(第1段):揭示全篇论述中心。

引用

第二部分(第2~6段):论述敬业和乐业的重要。

举例论证、道理论证、正反对比

第三部分(第7段):总结全篇,勉励人敬业乐业。

结构方式:总分总

写作特点:大量引用经典、格言。儒家的《礼记》《论语》、孔子、朱熹、曾国藩,道家的《老子》《庄子》,佛家的百丈禅师,都被作者拿来论证自己的观点。

反思与重建

预习检测(10分)1、读音(3分):

蔑()

劣()

捶()

赋()

诬()卑鄙

()

2、从备选答案中选出与例词中加线字字意不同的一项,将答案写在每题的括号里。(3分)

挑拨离间

A.间断

B.间接

C.田间

D.晴间多云()

赋予

A.天赋

B.赋税

C.赋勋

D.禀赋

()

蛮横

A.强横

B.横暴

C.横渡

D.横行

()

3、指出下面两句用了哪种修辞方法,并简析其作用。(4分)

1.无耻啊!无耻啊!这是某集团的无耻,恰是李先生的光荣!

2.你们还站得住几天!你们完了,快完了!

课堂检测(20分)一、下列两句中人称都有变化,简析这种变化对表达感情的作用。(4分)

1.“他们制造恐怖,其实是他们自己在恐怖啊!特务们,你们想想,你们还有几天?你们完了,快完了!”

2.“你们还站得住几天!你们完了,快完了,我们的光明就要出现了。”

二、课内阅读(一)阅读语段,回答问题。(7分)

“这几天,大家晓得,在昆明出现了历史上最卑劣最无耻的事情!李先生究竟犯了什么罪,竟遭此毒手?他只不过用笔写写文章,用嘴说说话,而他所写的,所说的,都无非是一个没有失掉良心的中国人的话!大家都有一支笔,有一张嘴,有什么理由拿出来讲啊!有事实拿出来说啊!(闻先生声音激动了)为什么要打要杀,而且又不敢光明正大的来打来杀,而偷偷摸摸的来暗杀!(鼓掌)这成什么话?”

1.归纳这一语段的段意。

2.文中标有横线的三个词从词性上看是什么词?这三个词强调了什么内容?

3.从文中找出一对反义词,说说在表达上起的作用。

4.“这成什么话?”是反问句,将其改成陈述句,与原句作比较,说说原句的表达作用。

(二)阅读语段,回答问题(9分)

①今天,这里有没有特务?你站出来!是好汉的站出来!②你出来讲!凭什么要杀死李先生?③杀死了人,又不敢承认,还要诬蔑人,说什么“桃色事件”,说什么共产党杀共产党,无耻啊无耻!④这是某集团的无耻,恰是李先生的光荣!⑤李先生在昆明被暗杀是李先生留给昆明的光荣!也是昆明人的光荣!

去年“一二·一”昆明青年学生为了反对内战,遭受屠杀,那算是青年的一代献出了他们最宝贵的生命!现在李先生为了争取民主和平而遭受了反动派的暗杀,我们骄傲一点说,这算是像我这样大年纪的一代,我们的老战友,献出了最宝贵的生命!这两桩事发生在昆明,这算是昆明的光荣!

1.上文第一段演讲词哪一句话体现作者的观点:()

A.①

B.④

C.⑤

2.上文①这个设问句的表达作用是:()

A.表达强烈的思想感情B.加强演讲的表达效果C.引起听众的思考,以产生感情的共鸣

3.“无耻”“光荣”“集团”“诬蔑”这些词的感情色彩是:()

A.褒义词

贬义词

中性

贬义词

B.中性

褒义词

贬义词

贬义词

C.贬义词

褒义词

中性

贬义词

4.上文⑤句是:()A.复杂单句

B.复句

C.多重复句

5.上文选自闻一多写的《最后一次讲演》,“最后”一词的意思是()

6.上文中“你”指代(),“他们”指代()。末句的“两桩事”指的是⑴()⑵()

【检测题答案】一、(一)A;(二)B;(三)B;(四)B

二、C

B

C

三、1.用了反复的修辞方法。加重语气揭露国民党反动派的卑劣。

2.用了反复的修辞方法。加强讽刺语气,强调敌人的可耻下场。

四、1.由“他们”变为“你们”,表现讲演者大无畏的精神和愤怒的感情。

2.“你们”“我们”相连相对使用,表达讲演者坚定的立场。

四、课内阅读(一)1.义正辞严地揭露国民党反动派令人震惊的罪行。

2.三个都是副词。强调李先生的行为是一个中国人的正当行为,是正义的。

3.“光明正大”、“偷偷摸摸”。用对比揭露国民党反动派卑劣无耻到极点。

4.“这实在是不像话。”原句语气有力,痛斥敌人;改后轻描淡写,语气无力。

(二)1.C

2.A

3.C

4.B

5.生前的最后一次

6.特务

遭受屠杀的昆明青年学生

李公朴被暗杀

篇6:风靡全美的最后一次演讲

这是处于癌症晚期的美国卡耐基-梅隆大学教授Randy Pausch的最后一次演讲,言谈间依然活力四射,充满幽默、乐观和生活哲理。他演讲的视频在网上被广泛传播,影响了无数的美国人。一位美国华人朋友近日给我发来了这段视频的链接,我看后受益匪浅,随后从网上找来这次演讲的中英文对照版本,与各位网友分享。

Randy Pausch’s Last Lecture:

Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams

如何让童年的梦想成真

Given at Carnegie Mellon University

September 18, 2007

It‘s wonderful to be here.What Indira didn‘t tell you is that this lecture series used to be called the Last Lecture.If you had one last lecture to give before you died, what would it be? I thought, damn, I finally nailed the venue and they renamed it.[laughter] 能在这里真太棒了。英迪拉没告诉你们的是,这个系列讲座以前被称为―最后的讲演‖。意

思是如果你死前最后做一次演讲,你会讲什么?我想,得,这我可对上号了,但他们又改名

了(旅程系列讲演)。[笑声] So, you know, in case there‘s anybody who wandered in and doesn‘t know the back story, my dad always taught me that when there‘s an elephant in the room, introduce them.If you look at my CAT scans, there are approximately 10

tumors in my liver, and the doctors told me 3-6 months of good health left.That was a month ago, so you can do the math.I have some of the best doctors in the world.Microphone‘s not working? Then I‘ll just have to talk louder.[Adjusts mic] Is that good? All right.所以,如果有人只是随便进来而不知道背景故事的话,我父亲总是教导我说,当房间里有大 象时,先介绍清楚(房间里的大象这个英语成语是指有一件事大家不可能视而不见,但又

不愿谈及,译者注)。如果你看看我的电脑断层扫描,我的肝脏大约有10 个肿瘤,医生告诉我

还有3-6 个月的健康身体。这是一个月前,所以你可以算一算。我有一些世界上最好的医

生。麦克风不响?那就得说话大声点。[调整麦克风]好了吗?行。

So that is what it is.We can‘t change it, and we just have to decide how we‘re going to respond to that.We cannot change the cards we are dealt, just how we play the hand.If I don‘t seem as depressed or morose as I should be, sorry to disappoint you.[laughter] And I assure you I am not in denial.It‘s not like I‘m not aware of what‘s going on.My family, my three kids, my wife, we just decamped.We bought a lovely house in Chesapeake, Virginia, near Norfolk, and we‘re doing that because that‘s a better place for the family to be, down the road.And the other thing is I am in phenomenally good health right now.I mean it‘s the greatest thing of cognitive dissonance you will ever see is the fact that I am in really good shape.In fact, I am in better shape than most of you.[Randy gets on the ground and starts doing pushups] [Applause] So anybody who wants to cry or pity me can down and do a few of those, and then you may pity me.[laughter] 情况就是这样。我们无法改变它,我们只需要决定如何回应。我们不能改变我们手里的牌,但能调整如何出牌。如果我看起来不够忧郁郁闷,抱歉让你们失望了。[笑] 我向你们保

证,我不是否认现实。不是我不知道正在发生的事。我的家人,我的三个孩子,我的太太,我们刚刚撤营。我们在切萨皮克,弗吉尼亚州诺福克附近,买了一个可爱的房子。我们这么

做是为我们家的未来打算,那里较好。另一件事是我现在身体惊人的健康。我的

意思是这将

是你所见到的最大的认知失调,我的体力非常好。事实上,我比你们大部分人的体力都好。

[兰迪趴下开始做俯卧撑] [掌声] 所以有人想要哭或可怜我,可以下来先做几个这个,然后你

们可以可怜我。[笑声] All right, so what we‘re not talking about today, we are not talking about cancer, because I spent a lot of time talking about that and I‘m really not interested.If you have any herbal supplements or remedies, please stay away from me.[laughter] And we‘re not going to talk about things that are even more important than achieving your childhood dreams.We‘re not going to talk about my wife, we‘re not talking about my kids.Because I‘m good, but I‘m not good enough to talk about that without tearing up.So, we‘re just going to take that off the table.That‘s much more important.And we‘re not going to talk about spirituality and religion, although I will tell you that I have achieved a deathbed conversion.I just bought a Macintosh.[laughter and clapping] Now I knew I‘d get 9% of the audience with that, but.All right, so what is today‘s talk about then? It‘s about my childhood dreams and how I have achieved them.I‘ve been very fortunate that way.How I believe I‘ve been able to enable the dreams of others, and to some degree, lessons learned.I‘m a professor, there should be some lessons learned and how you can use the stuff you here today to achieve your dreams or enable the dreams of others.And as you get older, you may find that enabling the dreams of others thing is even more fun.好,那么今天我们不谈什么呢,我们不谈癌症,因为我已花了很多时间谈它,我真的没兴趣

了。如果您有任何辅助草药或疗法,请别过来。[笑声]我们也不会谈比实现童年梦想更重要 的事。我们不谈我的妻子,我们不谈我的孩子。因为我心情不错,但我没好到谈起他们而不 落泪。所以,这是更重要我们只好不提。我们不谈精神与宗教,但我要告诉你们,我已做了

一个临终转变。我刚刚买了台苹果电脑。[笑声及掌声] 我知道我这样做可得到9%的听众的 支持。但今天到底谈什么呢?谈我童年的梦想和我如何实现他们。我在这方面一

直很幸运。

谈为什么我相信我能够助人梦想成真,也讲一些经验教训。我是一个教授,应该有一些经验 教训,以及如何你可以用你今天听到的东西去实现你的梦想,或者助人实现梦想。当你年长

些,你可能会发现,助人梦想成真会更有乐趣。

So what were my childhood dreams? Well, you know, I had a really good childhood.I mean, no kidding around.I was going back through the family archives, and what was really amazing was, I couldn‘t find any pictures of me as a kid where I wasn‘t smiling.And that was just a very gratifying thing.There was our dog, right? Aww, thank you.And there I actually have a picture of me dreaming.And did a lot of that.You know, there‘s a lot of wake up‘s!I was born in 1960.When you are 8 or 9 years old and you look at the TV set, men are landing on the moon.Anything‘s possible, and that‘s something we should not lose sight of, is that the inspiration and the permission to dream is huge.那么什么是我童年的梦想?你知道,我有一个非常好的童年。我的意思是,不开玩笑,我回

去看家里的文档,令人惊奇的是竟找不到任何一张我小时候不笑的照片。这可是一件非常可

喜的事。这是我们家的狗,对不对? 噢,谢谢。这有一张我做梦的照片。我做了很多的梦。

当然,也有很多梦醒时分!我出生在1960 年。在8、9 岁时,电视上正播放人类登月。任何

事情都可能发生,我们不要忽略灵感和允许梦想的巨大力量。

So what were my childhood dreams? You may not agree with this list, but I was there.[laughter] Being in zero gravity, playing in the National Football League, authoring an article in the World Book Encyclopedia – I guess you can tell the nerds early.[laughter] Being Captain Kirk, anybody here have that childhood dream? Not at CMU, no.I wanted to become one of the guys who won the big stuffed animals in the amusement park, and I wanted to be an Imagineer with Disney.These are not sorted in any particular order, although I think they do get harder, except for maybe the first one.那么,我的童年梦想?你可能不同意这个列表,但那曾是我的梦想。[笑] 体验零重力,参

加全美橄榄球联盟,给世界图书百科全书出一篇文章-我猜你可以看出我很早就是书呆子了。[笑]当柯克船长,在这里有谁有这个童年梦想吗?不会在卡耐基-梅隆大学,没有。我想我能

成为一个在游乐园赢得大毛绒玩具动物的人,我也想成为一个迪士尼幻想工程师。这个单子

并不按任何特定顺序排练,但我觉得他们越来越困难,可能除了第一项以外。OK, so being in zero gravity.Now it‘s important to have specific dreams.I did not dream of being an astronaut, because when I was a little kid, I wore glasses and they told me oh, astronauts can‘t have glasses.And I was like, mmm, I didn‘t really want the whole astronaut gig, I just wanted the floating.So, and as a child [laughter], prototype 0.0.[slide shown of Randy as a child lying in floating-formation on a table top] 好,体验零重力。有具体的梦想很重要。我没有梦想成为一个航天员,因为我从小就戴眼

镜。他们告诉我,哦,宇航员不能戴眼镜。我想,嗯,我并不真的当宇航员,我只是想自由

飘浮。因此,作为一个孩子[笑],原型0.0。[幻灯片显示小兰迪躺在台面上作漂浮状] But that didn‘t work so well, and it turns out that NASA has something called the Vomit Comet that they used to train the astronauts.And this thing does parabolic arcs, and at the top of each arc you get about 25 seconds where you‘re ballistic and you get about, a rough equivalent of weightlessness for about 25 seconds.And there is a program where college students can submit proposals and if they win the competition, they get to fly.And I thought that was really cool, and we had a team and we put a team together and they won and they got to fly.And I was all excited because I was going to go with them.但那并不怎么管用。我们知道美国航天局有一种用来训练宇航员的飞机叫做―呕吐彗

星‖。它以抛弧线飞行,在每个弧顶后有大约25 秒的时间是如弹道俯冲,大致相当于失重 秒。航天局有一个项目让大学生可以比赛提出研究建议,如果他们赢了,他们就能上去

飞。我觉得那很酷,我们有一个团队,我们把它组织好我。他们 赢了竞赛,获准去飞。我

好兴奋,因为我要跟他们一起去。

And then I hit the first brick wall, because they made it very clear that under no circumstances were faculty members allowed to fly with the teams.I know, I

was heartbroken.I was like, I worked so hard!And so I read the literature very carefully and it turns out that NASA, it‘s part of their outreach and publicity program, and it turns out that the students were allowed to bring a local media journalist from their home town.[laughter] And, Randy Pausch, web journalist.It‘s really easy to get a press pass![laughter] 然后,我碰上了第一道砖墙,因为航天局明文规定教员不能跟学生团队一起飞。我可是伤心

透顶。我想,我投入了那么多心血!所以,我仔细读了文件,原来航天局有一个推广宣传项

目,允许学生从他们家乡带一名当地媒体的记者。[笑],兰迪.波许,网站记者。得到新闻通

行证可真容易![笑] So I called up the guys at NASA and I said, I need to know where to fax some documents.And they said, what documents are you going to fax us? And I said my resignation as the faculty advisor and my application as the journalist.And he said, that‘s a little transparent, don‘t you think? And I said, yeah, but our project is virtual reality, and we‘re going to bring down a whole bunch of VR headsets and all the students from all the teams are going to experience it and all those other real journalists are going to get to film it.于是我就打电话给美国宇航局说,我需要知道传真文件的号码。那边问,你要传真什么文

件?我说我要辞去学校顾问头衔,申请做记者。他说,你不觉得这有点太露骨了吗?我说,没错,但我们的项目是虚拟现实,我们将带去一大堆虚拟现实头盔,所有队伍的学生都将试

用这个,这样一来,那些随其他队去的真记者就会把它拍下来。

Jim Foley‘s going oh you bastard, yes.And the guy said, here‘s the fax number.So, and indeed, we kept our end of the bargain, and that‘s one of the themes that you‘ll hear later on in the talk, is have something to bring to the table, right, because that will make you more welcome.And if you‘re curious about what zero gravity looks like, hopefully the sound will be working here.[slide shows videotape from Randy‘s zero gravity experience] There I am.[laughter] You do pay the piper at

the bottom.[laugher] So, childhood dream number one, check.吉姆.佛勒在说,你这个混球。接电话的人说,这是传真号码。而事实上我们也实践了我们的

诺言,这是你们等会儿会在讲座中听到的主题之一,就是手上要有货,这样你你就会更受欢

迎。如果你好奇零重力是什么样子,希望声响没有问题。[幻灯片,录影带,兰迪的零重力体

验] 这是我。[笑] 你最后还是要在底部承担后果。[众笑],所以,童年的一号梦想,画钩。

OK, let‘s talk about football.My dream was to play in the National Football League.And most of you don‘t know that I actually – no.[laughter] No, I did not make it to the National Football League, but I probably got more from that dream and not accomplishing it than I got from any of the ones that I did accomplish.好吧,让我们谈谈橄榄球。我的梦想是要参加全国橄榄球联盟。你们大部分人不知道我实际

上,不 [笑]没有,我没能参加向全美橄榄球联盟。但我从这未实现的梦想中得到的恐怕比我

任一实现的梦想中得到的还要多。

I had a coach, I signed up when I was nine years old.I was the smallest kid in the league, by far.And I had a coach, Jim Graham, who was six-foot-four, he had played linebacker at Penn State.我有一个教练。我入队时9 岁。我是俱乐部中最小的孩子。我有一个教练,吉姆格雷厄姆,六英尺四高,他曾在宾夕法尼亚州立大学打线卫。

He was just this hulk of a guy and he was old school.And I mean really old school.Like he thought the forward pass was a trick play.[laughter] And he showed up for practice the first day, and you know, there‘s big hulking guy, we were all scared to death of him.他是个很传统的大块头。我的意思是非常古董。像他认位前传球是使诈。[笑],第一天练习

他来了,你知道,他块头很大, 我们都怕死他了。

And he hadn‘t brought any footballs.How are we going to have practice without any footballs? And one of the other kids said, excuse me coach, but there‘s not football.And Coach Graham said, right, how many men are on a football field at a time? Eleven on a team, twenty-two.Coach Graham said, all right, and how

many people are touching the football at any given time? One of them.And he said, right, so we‘re going to work on what those other twenty-one guys are doing.他并没有带来任何橄榄球。我们没球怎么练呢?有个小孩子就说,对不起, 教练,但我们没

球。教练格雷厄姆说,就是,球场上能上多少人? 11 人一队,22 人。教练格雷厄姆说,好,那在一给定时刻有几个人触球? 其中之一。他说,对,所以我们要练其他21 个人的任 务。

And that‘s a really good story because it‘s all about fundamentals.Fundamentals, fundamentals, fundamentals.You‘ve got to get the fundamentals down because otherwise the fancy stuff isn‘t going to work.这是一个很好的故事,因为它讲的是基本功。基本功,基本功,基本功。你必须把基础打好, 要不然那些花俏的东西就玩不转。

And the other Jim Graham story I have is there was one practice where he just rode me all practice.You‘re doing this wrong, you‘re doing this wrong, go back and do it again, you owe me, you‘re doing push-ups after practice.And when it was all over, one of the other assistant coaches came over and said, yeah, Coach Graham rode you pretty harsh, didn‘t he? I said, yeah.He said, that‘s a good thing.He said, when you‘re screwing up and nobody‘s saying anything to you anymore, that means they gave up.And that‘s a lesson that stuck with me my whole life.Is that when you see yourself doing something badly and nobody‘s bothering to tell you anymore, that‘s a very bad place to be.Your critics are your ones telling you they still love you and care.另一个吉姆格雷厄姆故事。有一次我们做练习,他盯着我不依不饶,你这样做不对,你这样

做不对,回去再做一遍,你欠我,你练习后还要加做俯卧撑。过后一位助理教练过来说,教

练格雷厄姆对你挺苛刻,是不是?我说,是啊。他说,这是件好事。他说,当你搞砸了而没

有人对你说任何东西,这意味着他们放弃了。这是一终生铭记的一堂课。就是当你看到自己

把事情搞糟而没人劳神告诉你,这处境就很不妙。批评你的人是告诉你他们仍然

爱和关心 你。

After Coach Graham, I had another coach, Coach Setliff, and he taught me a lot about the power of enthusiasm.He did this one thing where only for one play at a time he would put people in at like the most horrifically wrong position for them.Like all the short guys would become receivers, right? It was just laughable.But we only went in for one play, right? And boy, the other team just never knew what hit ‗em

them.Because when you‘re only doing it for one play and you‘re just not where you‘re supposed to be, and freedom‘s just another word for nothing left to lose, boy are you going to clean somebody‘s clock for that one play.经过教练格雷厄姆,我的另一个教练,教练赛特利夫,教我了很多关于的激情的力量。他会

把选手在某一场比赛中安排在最不恰当的位置。就象让所有矮个儿都当外接手,对吧?那真

是可笑。但是,我们只打一场比赛,对吗?我们的对手真是措手不及。因为当你只在一场比

赛中打一个新位置,自由就是无所顾忌的同义词,天啊,那你还不在那一场比赛中痛扁对 手。

And that kind of enthusiasm was great.And to this day, I am most comfortable on a football field.I mean, it‘s just one of those things where, you know, [pulls out a football] if I‘m working a hard problem, people will see me wandering the halls with one of these things, and that‘s just because, you know, when you do something young enough and you train for it, it just becomes a part of it.And I‘m very glad that football was a part of my life.And if I didn‘t get the dream of playing in the NFL, that‘s OK.I‘ve probably got stuff more valuable.Because looking at what‘s

going on in the NFL, I‘m not sure those guys are doing so great right now.那种热情真是强烈。直到今天,我感到最惬意的地方还是在橄榄球球场。我的意思是,它只

是一个人的东西在那里,你知道,[拿出一个橄榄球]如果我在解决一个难题,人们就会看到

我走廊里拿个橄榄球走来走去。因为你知道,当你很年轻时就打球,训练,橄榄球就成为你 生活的一部分。我很高兴它是我生命的一部分。如果我没有实现梦想中玩橄榄球,那也没什

么。我现在得到的东西可能更有价值。因为看看现在全美橄榄球联盟,我觉得那些家伙过得 有多好。

OK, and so one of the expressions I learned at Electronic Arts, which I love, which pertains to this, is experience is what you get when you didn‘t get what you wanted.And I think that‘s absolutely lovely.And the other thing about football is we send our kids out to play football or soccer or swimming or whatever it is, and it‘s the first example of what I‘m going to call a head fake, or indirect learning.We actually don‘t want our kids to learn football.I mean, yeah, it‘s really nice that I have a wonderful three-point stance and that I know how to do a chop block and all this kind of stuff.But we send our kids out to learn much more important things.Teamwork, sportsmanship, perseverance, etcetera, etcetera.And these kinds of head fake learning are absolutely important.And you should keep your eye out for them because they‘re everywhere.好,那么我从艺电公司学到了的一个说法,我很喜欢,也跟今天的谈话相关,就是经验是你

求之不得后的收获。我认为这说法绝对可爱。再谈一点关于橄榄球,我们把孩子送去玩橄榄

球或足球或游泳,或任何其它活动,这其实是我要称为障眼法或间接学习的第一个例子。事

实上,我们不在意我们的孩子学习足球。我的意思是,嗯,我的三点触地预备姿式很漂亮,我知道该怎么做膝下阻挡和其它技能。这都不错,但是,我们把孩子送去是学更重要的东

西。团队合作,体育精神,毅力,等等,等等。而这些障眼法学习是绝对重要的。你应该留

意这些,因为它们无所不在。

All right.A simple one, being an author in the World Book Encyclopedia.When I was a kid, we had the World Book Encyclopedia on the shelf.For the freshman, this is paper.[laughter] We used to have these things called books.And after I had

become somewhat of an authority on virtual reality, but not like a really important one, so I was at the level of people the World Book would badger.They called me up and I wrote an article, and this is Caitlin Kelleher [shows slide of Caitlin wearing VR headset manipulating a 3D world], and there‘s an article if you go to your local library where they still have copies of the World Book.Look under V for Virtual Reality, and there it is.And all I have to say is that having been selected to be an author in the World Book Encyclopedia, I now believe that Wikipedia is a perfectly fine source for your information because I know what the quality control is for real encyclopedias.They let me in.下一个简单,但世界图书百科全书的作者。当我还是个孩子,我们书架上有全套世界图书百

科全书。对大一学生来说,这只是纸而已。[笑声] 我们曾把这些东西叫做书。当我已经有点

成为虚拟现实的权威的,但并非真正重要的一个,所以我正好在世界图书要骚扰的人的水平

上。他们给我打电话,叫我写一篇文章,这是凯特琳.凯乐荷 [凯特琳戴耳机操纵三维世界幻

灯],如果你当地的图书馆还收藏这百科全书的话,你可以看到这篇文章,看V 字母下面的虚

拟现实词条,它就在那里。我所要说的是被选为世界图书百科全书的作者后,我现在相信维

基百科是一个绝对优良的资讯来源,因为我知道真正的百科全书质量控制水平了。他们让我

去写。

All right, next one.[laughter] [shows slide ―Being like Meeting Captain Kirk‖] At a

certain point you just realize there are some things you are not going to do, so maybe you just want to stand close to the people.And I mean, my god, what a role model for young people.[laughter] [shows slide of Captain Kirk sitting at his control station on the Starship Enterprise] 好,下一个。[笑] [幻灯显示“成为会见柯克船长” ] 有时侯你会认识到有些事你不会去做,所

以你也许只想接近那些做这些事的人。我的意思是,天啊,真是年轻人的楷模。[笑] [放柯克

船长坐在他星舰企业号控制站的幻灯] I mean, this is everything you want to be, and what I learned that carried me forward in leadership later is that, you know, he wasn‘t the smartest guy on the ship.I mean, Spock was pretty smart and McCoy was the doctor and Scotty was the engineer.And you sort of go, and what skill set did he have to get on this damn thing and run it? 我的意思是,这是你要的一切,我所学到的并帮助我提升领导能力的是,其实,他不是飞船

上最聪明的人。我的意思是,斯波克相当聪明,麦科伊是医生,斯科特是工程师。你就想,他有什么能耐就在这飞船上当船长?

And, you know, clearly there is this skill set called leadership, and, you know, whether or not you like the series, there‘s no doubt that there was a lot to be learned about how to lead people by watching this guy in action.And he just had the coolest damn toys![laughter] [shows slide of Star Trek gadgets] I mean, my god, I just thought it was fascinating as a kid that he had this thing [Takes out Star Trek Communicator] and he could talk to the ship with it.I just thought that was just spectacular, and of course now I own one and it‘s smaller.[takes out cell phone] So that‘s kind of cool.但你知道,很显然有种能耐叫领导能力,而且,不管你喜欢这个电视系列与否,你可以从观

察他的行动中学到很多如何领导别人。另外,他还有最酷的玩具![笑] [放星际迷航小玩具的

幻灯] 我的意思是,天啊,我小时候为他有这玩意儿而着迷[拿出星际迷航报话机]他可以用它

跟飞船通话。我觉得那可真抢眼,当然现在我自己有一个,尺寸还小些。[拿出手机] 这个挺

酷。

So I got to achieve this dream.James T.Kirk, and his alter ego William Shatner, wrote a book, which I think was actually a pretty cool book.It was with Chip Walter who is a Pittsburgh-based author who is quite good, and they wrote a book on

basically the science of Star Trek, you know, what has come true.And they went around to the top places around the country and looked at various things and they came here to study our virtual reality setup.And so we build a virtual reality for him, it looks something like that.[shows slide of virtual Star Trek command center] We put it in, put it to red alert.He was a very good sport.It‘s not like he saw that one coming.[laughter] And it‘s really cool to meet your boyhood idol, but it‘s even cooler when he comes to you to see what cool stuff you‘re doing in your lab.And that was just a great moment.最终我实现了这个梦想。柯克船长和他的本尊威廉.夏特纳,写了一本书,我认为这是一本很

酷的书。与CHIP 沃尔特,一个在匹兹堡的挺好的作者,合写的。他们的书,基本上关于星际

迷航的科学,就是,电视中的科幻有那些变成现实了。他们去全国各处最高学府访问参观,他们来这里研究我们虚拟现实的设置。我们为他建了一个虚拟现实系统,它看起来就像这

样。[放显示星际迷航指挥中心幻灯] 我们把系统放到红色警报。他是一个非常有趣的人。他

可没预见到这个。[笑] 遇见你儿时的偶像是很酷,但他来你的实验室看你做的精彩工作就更

酷。而这真是一个让我得意的时刻。

All right, winning stuffed animals.This may seem mundane to you, but when you‘re

a little kid and you see the big buff guys walking around the amusement park and they got all these big stuffed animals, right? And this is my lovely wife, and I have a lot of pictures of stuffed animals I‘ve won.[laughter] [shows slides of several large stuffed animals] That‘s my dad posing with one that I won.I‘ve won a lot of these animals.There‘s my dad, he did win that one to his credit.And this was just a big part of my life and my family‘s life.But you know, I can hear the cynics.In this age of digitally manipulated things, maybe those bears really aren‘t in the pictures with me, or maybe I paid somebody five bucks to take a picture in the theme park next to the bear.And I said, how, in this age of cynicism can I convince people? And I said, I know, I can show them the bears!Bring them out.[several large stuffed animals are brought onto the stage] [laughter and clapping] Just put them back against the wall.赢得玩具毛绒动物。这对你们可能看起来很平常,可当你是一个小孩子,你会看到大壮汉们

在游乐园走来走去,拿着那些大毛绒动物,对不对?这是我可爱的妻子,我有很多我赢的毛

绒动物的照片。[笑] [放几个大毛绒动物的幻灯]就是我的爸爸跟我赢的毛绒动物的合影,我

赢过很多。这还有我爸爸,他的确赢了这个。这些是我和我家生活的一个重要部分。但你知

道,我能听到玩事不恭的人怀疑―在这个数码技术操控现实的时代,也许那些相片中玩具熊

并没有真的和我在一起,也许我付了某人五块钱在主题公园的玩具熊旁照相‖。我想,如何

在这个犬儒主义的时代,使人信服?我说,我知道,我可以让他们看见那些熊!带出来。[舞

台上搬来几个大毛绒动物] [笑声及掌声] 就把它们靠着墙放。Jai Pausch(Randy‘s wife): 洁.波许(兰迪的夫人):

It‘s hard to hear you.[adjusts Randy‘s microphone] 很难听到你的声音。[调整兰迪的麦克风] Randy Pausch: Thanks honey.[laughter] So here are some bears.We didn‘t have quite enough room in the moving truck down to Chesapeake, and anybody who would like a little piece of me at the end of this, feel free to come up, first come first served.谢谢,亲爱的。[笑] 我们的搬家卡车没有足够的空间把这些熊载到至切萨皮克,所以要有人

在演讲结束时想要我生命的一部分,请自便上来拿,先到先得。

All right, my next one.Being an Imagineer.This was the hard one.Believe me, getting to zero gravity is easier than becoming an Imagineer.When I was a kid, I was eight years old and our family took a trip cross-country to see Disneyland.And if you‘ve ever seen the movie National Lampoon‘s Vacation, it was a lot like that!

[laughter] It was a quest.[shows slides of family at Disneyland] And these are real vintage photographs, and there I am in front of the castle.And there I am, and for those of you who are into foreshadowing, this is the Alice ride.[laughter] And I just thought this was just the coolest coolest environment I had ever been in, and instead of saying, gee, I want to experience this, I said, I want to make stuff like this.好,下一个,做迪士尼幻想工程师。这个很难。相信我,去体验零重力比做迪士尼幻想工程

师容易。我小时候,8 岁时家人带我横跨美国去迪士尼乐园玩。如果你看电影―假期历险

记‖,跟哪个很像![笑]那是一次远征。[放全家在迪士尼的幻灯] 这些都是好老的照片,这

有我在城堡前面照的。还有,对在座的爱讲先兆的人,这是爱丽丝飞车。[笑] 我想这是我所

呆过的最酷最酷的地方了。但我不是说,哎呀,我想体验这个,我说,我要造这些东西。

And so I bided time and then I graduated with my Ph.D.from Carnegie Mellon, thinking that meant me infinitely qualified to do anything.And I dashed off my letters of applications to Walt Disney Imagineering, and they sent me some of the damned nicest go-to-hell letters I have ever gotten.[laughter] I mean it was just, we have carefully reviewed your application and presently we do not have any positions available which require your particular qualifications.所以我十年寒窗,由卡内基梅隆大学博士毕业,以为我的有资格干任何工作。我匆匆忙忙的

给迪士尼幻想工程寄去申请信,他们给我一些我所受到的最超级友好的―见鬼去‖式的回

信。[笑]信是这样一来的,我们已经仔细审查了你的申请,目前我们没有任何需要你特定资历 的职位。

Now think about the fact that you‘re getting this from a place that‘s famous for guys who sweep the street.[laughter] So that was a bit of a setback.But remember, the brick walls are there for a reason.The brick walls are not there to keep us out.The brick walls are there to give us a chance to show how badly we want something.Because the brick walls are there to stop the people who don‘t want it badly enough.They‘re there to stop the other people.现在想想你是从个以扫大街的人闻名的地方得到这些回绝信。[笑],所以这是有点挫折。但

请记住,砖墙在那里是有原因的。砖墙不是要挡住我们。砖墙是要给我们机会说明我们有多

迫切的想得到。因为砖墙是要阻挡那些不诚心的人,那些其他人。All right, fast forward to 1991.We did a system back at the University of Virginia called Virtual Reality on Five Dollars a Day.Just one of those unbelievable spectacular things.I was so scared back in those days as a junior academic.Jim

Foley‘s here, and I just love to tell this story.He knew my undergraduate advisor, Andy Van Dam, and I‘m at my first conference and I‘m just scared to death.And this icon in the user interface community walks up to me and just out of nowhere just gives me this huge bear hug and he says, that was from Andy.And that was when I thought, ok, maybe I can make it.Maybe I do belong.好,快进到1991 年。我们早在维吉尼亚大学时做了个叫虚拟现实一天5 元的系统。只是那些

令人难以置信的精彩东西的其中之一。那时候作为一个资浅的教员,我非常战战兢兢。吉姆.佛勒在这里,我很爱讲这个故事。他认识我的本科导师,安迪.凡丹,我在我的第一次学术会

议上,我怕得要死。这个用户界面圈的偶像走过来突然紧紧拥抱我说,这是来自安迪。自当

时我就想,好吧,也许我能够成功。也许我确实属于这一行。

And a similar story is that this was just this unbelievable hit because at the time, everybody needed a half a million to do virtual reality.And everybody felt frustrated.And we literally hacked together a system for about five thousand dollars in parts and made a working VR system.And people were just like, oh my god, you know, the Hewlett Packard garage thing.This is so awesome.And so in giving this talk and the room has just gone wild, and during the Q and A, a guy named Tom

Furness, who was one of the big names in virtual reality at the time, he goes up to the microphone and he introduces himself.I didn‘t know what he looked like but I sure as hell knew the name.And he asked a question.And I was like, I‘m sorry did you say you were Tom Furness? And he said yes.I said, then I would love to answer your question, but first, will you have lunch with me tomorrow? [laughter] And there‘s

a lot in that little moment, there‘s a lot of humility but also asking a person where he can‘t possibly say no.[laughter]

另一个类似的故事是,我们的系统是超乎意想的成功,因为在那个时候,大家都需要50 万做

虚拟现实。大家都为此感到沮丧。而我们实际上用了5 千元部分的零件拼装了一套能用的系

统。人们的反应是,我的上帝,惠普车库的故事又重来了。令人震憾。因此,我做报告时屋

里都沸腾了,在其后的问答时间里,一个叫汤姆.弗奈斯的人走到麦克风前介绍了他自己,他

是虚拟现实界那时的大腕。我虽不认识他,但可是久闻大名。他接着问了一个问题。我说,对不起,你说你是汤姆.弗奈斯?他说是的。我说,那么我很愿意回答你的问题,但首先,你

愿意明天一起跟我吃午饭吗? [笑],这个小插曲寓意很深,这里面有很多谦卑,但也让那人

无法拒绝。[笑] And so Imagineering a couple of years later was working on a virtual reality project.This was top secret.They were denying the existence of a virtual reality attraction after the time that the publicity department was running the TV commercials.So Imagineering really had nailed this one tight.And it was the Aladdin attraction where you would fly a magic carpet, and the head mounted display, sometimes known as gator vision.And so I had an in.As soon as the project had just, you know they start running the TV commercials, and I had been asked to brief the Secretary of Defense on the state of virtual reality.OK, Fred Brooks and I had been asked to brief the Secretary of Defense, and that gave me an excuse.So I called them.I called Imagineering and I said, look, I‘m briefing the Secretary of Defense.I‘d like

some materials on what you have because it‘s one of the best VR systems in the world.And they kind of pushed back.And I said, look, is all this patriotism stuff in the parks a farce? And they‘re like, hmm, ok.[laughter]

几年后迪士尼幻想工程在做一个绝密的虚拟现实项目。他们在宣传部门播了电视广告后,还

否认存在一个虚拟现实的景点。所以迪士尼幻想工程真是把保密工作做的滴水不漏。这就是

阿拉丁景点,在那里你可以飞魔毯,用头盔显示器,有时又称为短嘴鳄视像仪。那是我已不

是默默无闻。当项目刚,你知道,它们开始放电视广告,我被要求向国防部长介绍虚拟现实 的发展。嗯,是弗雷德布鲁克斯和我被要求做简报,这给了我一个借口。所以我打电话给他

们说,你看,我要给国防部长做简报。我想从你们那里拿些材料,因为你们的虚拟现实是世

界上最好的系统之一。他们有点不愿意。我说,你们看,你们整天在迪士尼乐园讲的爱国心

都是装样的吗?他们说―嗯,好吧。[笑] But they said this is so new the PR department doesn‘t have any footage for you, so I‘m going to have to connect you straight through to the team who did the work.Jackpot!So I find myself on the phone with a guy named Jon Snoddy who is one of the most impressive guys I have ever met, and he was the guy running this team, and it‘s not surprising they had done impressive things.And so he sent me some stuff, we talked briefly and he sent me some stuff, and I said, hey, I‘m going to be out in the area for a conference shortly, would you like to get together and have lunch? Translation: I‘m going to lie to you and say that I have an excuse to be in the area so I don‘t look to anxious, but I would go to Neptune to have lunch with you![laughter] And so Jon said sure, and I spent something like 80 hours talking with all the VR experts in the world, saying if you had access to this one unbelievable project, what would you ask? And then I compiled all of that and I had to

memorize it, which anybody that knows me knows that I have no memory at all, because I couldn‘t go in looking like a dweeb with, you know, [in dweeby voice] Hi, Question 72.但他们说这项目很新,公关处没有任何视频给你,所以我必须要直接和做这个系统的部门直

接联系。中大奖!所以,我就跟一个叫乔恩史诺地的人通电话,他是我曾见过人中最令人印

象深刻的家伙,也是这个部门的头,难怪他们做出的活也让人印象深刻。所以他送我一些东

西,我们短暂交谈,他送我一些东西,我就说,嘿,我不久要到你那里参加一个会议,你想

不想在一起吃午餐?翻译:我会撒谎找个借口说我要到你那里,这样显得我不是上赶着见

你,但即使你在海王星我也会去和你吃午饭![笑] 乔恩说,好啊。然后我花了大约80 个小

时跟世界上所有虚拟现实的专家交谈,说如果你有机会访问这个令人难以置信的项目,您会

问什么问题?然后,我把他们所说的整理好,背熟。熟悉我的人都知道我记不住事。因为我

不能去像个呆子,你知道,[傻傻声音]嘿,第72 个问题。So, I went in, and this was like a two hour lunch, and Jon must have thought he was talking to some phenomenal person, because all I was doing was channeling Fred Brooks and Ivan Sutherland and Andy Van Dam and people like that.And Henry Fuchs.So it‘s pretty easy to be smart when you‘re parroting smart people.And at

the end of the lunch with Jon, I sort of, as we say in the business, made ―the ask.‖

And I said, you know, I have a sabbatical coming up.And he said, what‘s that? [laughter] The beginnings of the culture clash.And so I talked with him about the possibility of coming there and working with him.And he said, well that‘s really good except, you know, you‘re in the business of telling people stuff and we‘re in

the business of keeping secrets.And then what made Jon Snoddy Jon Snoddy was he said, but we‘ll work it out, which I really loved.所以,我去了,这是个约两小时的午餐,乔恩一定以为我是个非比寻常的人,因为我所做的

就是当弗雷德布鲁克斯,伊凡.萨瑟兰,安迪.凡丹和亨利.福克斯等人的传声筒。所以你要跟聪

明人学舌就非常容易显得聪明。在午餐结束时,我就,像我们在商业界说的,投石问路"。我

说,你知道,我要有一个学术假。他说,那是什么? [笑]文化冲突的开端。所以,我跟他谈

到能否到他那里与他一道工作。他说,很好,只是,你知道,你这一行的工作是告诉别人的

东西,而我们这一行是保守机密。但乔恩史诺地就是乔恩史诺地,他接着说―但我们会想办

法解决‖,我听了很高兴。

The other thing that I learned from Jon Snoddy – I could do easily an hour long talk just on what have I learned from Jon Snoddy.One of the things he told me was that

wait long enough and people will surprise and impress you.He said, when you‘re

pissed off at somebody and you‘re angry at them, you just haven‘t given them enough time.Just give them a little more time and they‘ll almost always impress you.And that really stuck with me.I think he‘s absolutely right on that one.So to make a long story short, we negotiated a legal contract.It was going to be the first – some people referred to it as the first and last paper ever published by Imagineering.另一点我从乔恩史诺地那里学到的--我可以很容易地花一个小时谈我从乔恩史诺地那里学到

东西—是他告诉我,等足够长的时间,人们会让你惊讶,让你叹服。他说,当你对别人怨恼

愤怒时,你只是还没有给他们足够的时间。给他们多一点时间,他们将几乎总能让你叹服。

我觉得他说得真对。长话短说,我们达成了一项法律合同。迪士尼幻想工程将发表第一篇-有

些人说是第一篇和最后一篇—学术文章。

That the deal was I go, I provide my own funding, I go for six months, I work with a project, we publish a paper.And then we meet our villain.[shows slide of a picture of a former dean of Randy‘s] I can‘t be all sweetness and light, because I have no credibility.Somebody‘s head‘s going to go on a stick.Turns out that the person

who gets his head on a stick is a dean back at the University of Virginia.His name is not important.Let‘s call him Dean Wermer.[laughter] 协议是是我去哪里,自己提供资金,干六个月,做个课题,发表一篇论文。然后我们上了坏

人。[放兰迪的前院长的照片],我不能全都和风细雨,那样我就没有信用了。要拿个人的首

级示众。这个人是我在维吉尼亚大学的院长。他的名字并不重要。让我们称他为沃莫院长。

(沃莫院长为电影动物屋角色,译者注)[笑] And Dean Wermer has a meeting with me where I say I want to do this sabbatical thing and I‘ve actually got the Imagineering guys to let an academic in, which is insane.I mean if Jon hadn‘t gone nuts, this would never have been a possibility.This is a very secretive organization.And Dean Wermer looks at the paperwork and he says, well it says they‘re going to own your intellectual property.And I said, yeah, we go the agreement to publish the paper.There is no other IP.I don‘t do patentable stuff.And says, yeah, but you might.And so deal‘s off.Just go and get them to change that little clause there and then come back to me.沃莫院长跟我见面。我说我想要休学术假,幻想工程允许一个学术界的人参与,这可是闻所

未闻。我的意思是如果乔恩要是头脑清醒,这事就绝不可能。这是一个非常秘密的组织。沃

莫院长看着文件说,嗯,这上面说他们将拥有你的知识产权。我说,是啊,我们同意发表论

文。没有其他知识产权的问题。我也不申请专利。他说,没错,但你可能申请。所以这协议

不行。你去让他们改变这一小条,然后再找我。

I‘m like, excuse me? And then I said to him, I want you to understand how important this is.If we can‘t work this out, I‘m going to take an unpaid leave of absence and I‘m just going to go there and I‘m going to do this thing.And he said, hey, I might not even let you do that.I mean you‘ve got the IP in your head already and maybe they‘re going to suck it out of you, so that‘s not going to fly either.[laughter] It‘s very important to know when you‘re in a pissing match.And it‘s very

important to get out of it as quickly as possible.我想,什么?然后我对他说,我希望你了解这有多重要。如果我们不能达成公识,我会停

薪留职,我还是要去那里做这件事。他说,嘿,我连这都可能不允许。我是说你脑子里已经

有知识产权,而他们可能会把它挖出来,所以那样也不行。[笑] 及早知道你在与人斗气非常

重要,同样重要的是尽快从中解脱。

So I said to him, well, let‘s back off on this.Do we think this is a good idea at all? He said, I have no idea if this is a good idea.I was like, OK, well we‘ve got common ground there.Then I said, well is this really your call? Isn‘t this the call of the Dean of Sponsored Research if it‘s an IP issue? And he said, yeah, that‘s true.I said, but so if he‘s happy you‘re happy? [So he says] Yeah, then I‘d be fine.Whoosh!Like Wile E.Coyote [inaudible] And I find myself in Gene Block‘s office, who is the most

fantastic man in the world.And I start talking to Gene Block and I say let‘s start at the high level, since I don‘t want to have to back out again.So let‘s start at the high level.Do you think this is a good idea? He said, well if you‘re asking me if it‘s a good idea, I don‘t have very much information.All I know is that one of my star faculty members is in my office and he‘s really excited, so tell me more.Here‘s a lesson for everybody in administration.They both said the same thing.But think about how they said it, right? [In a loud, barking voice] I don‘t know![In a pleasant voice] Well, I don‘t have much information, but one of my start faculty members is here and he‘s

all excited so I want to learn more.They‘re both ways of saying I don‘t know, but boy there‘s a good way and a bad way.So anyway, we got it all worked out.I went to Imagineering.Sweetness and light.And all‘s well that ends well.所以我对他说,好,让我们先退一步。你觉得幻想工程这事对我们是个好主意吗?他说,我

也心中无数。我想,好,我们有共同点。然后我说,关于知识产权问题,是以你说的为准吗,这不应该是赞助研究院院长来判断吗?他说,嗯,那是。我说,如果他同意你就同意? [他

说] 嗯,那我没问题。呼的一下,像大笨狼怀尔去追逐必必鸟必必鸟[卡通],嗖的一下,我已

经在基因布若克的办公室,他是世界上最棒的人。我跟他说,让我们从宏观谈起,因为我不

想再重蹈前辙。那在总体水平,你觉得这是不是个好主意?他说,如果你问我,我手头资料 有限,但我知道我的明星教员在我的办公室而且他真的很为此兴奋,所以跟我仔细说说。这

里是给管理人员的一个教训。他们都表示了同样的事。但想想他们是怎么说的? [大嗓门咆哮

] :我不知道![宜人声音]好,我知道不多,但我的明星教员在我这里很兴奋,所以我想进一

步了解。他们两个人都在说,我不知道,但一个是很好的方式,一个坏的方式。不管怎样,最后我们解决了问题。我去了幻想工程。皆大欢喜,如愿以尝.。

Some brick walls are made of flesh.So I worked on the Aladdin Project.It was absolutely spectacular, I mean just unbelievable.Here‘s my nephew Christopher.[Shows slide of Christopher on Aladdin apparatus] This was the apparatus.You would sit on this sort of motorcycle-type thing.And you would steer your magic carpet and you would put on the head-mounted display.The head-mounted display is very interesting because it had two parts, and it was a very very clever design.To get throughput through, the only part that touched the guest‘s head was this little cap and everything else clicked onto it – all the expensive hardware.So you could replicate the caps because they were basically free to manufacture.And this is what I really did is I was a cap cleaner during the sabbatical.[laughter] 一些砖墙是由人组成。我的工作是阿拉丁项目。这是美妙决仑,简直难以置信。这里是我的

侄子克里斯托弗。[放克里斯在阿拉丁装置上的幻灯]这是装置。你坐在这种像摩托车样的东

西上。你可以驾驶你的魔毯,戴上头盔显示器。这头盔显示器是非常有趣,因为它有两个部

分,这是一个非常巧妙的设计。只有一个小帽接触客户的头部以传输数据,其它部分,--所有

昂贵的硬件—都可以卡在帽子上。所以你可以大量生产帽子,它们基本上没有成本。所以我

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