不同文体翻译

不同文体翻译（通用6篇）

篇1：不同文体翻译

不同文体培训心得

11月16日——11月21日，在浙江丽水学院我参加了6天的不同文体的培训，听了杨丽佳、汪潮、周璐等名师的讲座和课。让我对语文的教学，无论是从目标的确定还是方法的授予等等都有了更深更透的理解。

总结这次培训主要交流了关于语文教学对不同文体的思考，我们平时要多从课标方面着眼（关注语文学科的性质，也就是如何学习语言文字的运用）；要关注课程的基本理念、特点。

我想在今后的教学中我们要多注意体现文体特点。如：郑艺老师的课《菊》，他教学时，用了文言文的不同的教学方法，反其道而用之，让学生自己修改现代文的课文，最后成文一篇文言文。再和原文的古文进行对比，揣摩字词，理解。他也能从不同角度挖掘语文的语言点，从不同角度丰富学生的语言积累，发展学生的思维，也能结合听、说、读、写来培养学生的能力。另外每一种文体都有很多不同的教学内容，我们也要有所取舍。抓住文本中体现出来的文体特点进行教学、引导。如：《记金华的双龙洞》就抓住了表示游程的顺序的词语和感受最深的孔隙部分教学。使文本教学体现文体特点，又不囿于文体。我想使每一篇课文有共性也不失个性，把握得很好，这是我们原来感觉比较难的地方。还有朗读仍然是语文课程的基本特点。语文教学，要注重形式的多样化和朗读层次上的指导。我们能感受到学生在课堂上朗读的层次逐步提升。另外还要有充足的准备。各种相关资料的补充，不仅丰富了文本的内涵，降低了学生理解的难度，更是对学生视野的开阔，让学生更加喜爱文本，更愿意读，读得更好。这和我们原来越是分析，学生越不愿意读了，是截然不同的。这点鲍老师的做法让我很是钦佩。我们最后也更要关注语用。不管什么文体的教学，其实都体现了语文工具性的特点。从文体出发去学习文本的语言，体会文中的情感，同时又通过文本的学习，积累语言，更好地学好一类文体，写出同类文体的文章。如杨佳丽老师的课《军神》这节课从文章内容出发，到最后的语用的体现就比较明显，这样也就很好的落实了学是为了用的目标。值得我今后学习。

我想自觉的文体意识不是单纯地具备某种文体知识，它是一种综合性语文素养。文体意识的培养不仅要清楚文体知识，更重要的是在语文实践中与体验、感悟、理解等语文素养相互链接、交叉、渗透，这样形成的文体意识才能更好地帮助学生阅读、写作和表达交际。注重学生的学习，社交和情感的康乐。支持学生独立性的发展，让他们能够为自己的学习负责帮助并支持学生不断获得对世界的理解，并能够在世界上舒服的生存。所以我们在今后也要不断培养孩子能够主动地参与到终身学习的旅途中来。帮助学生建立个人价值观，即：不断诠释并发展国际情怀。

篇2：不同文体翻译

Home to 26 ethnic groups—the largest number in China—Yunnan province offers tourists a cultural feast of unique ethnic costumes, architecture, cuisine, songs and dances.公司成立10多年来，一向致力于为顾客提供卓越的服务。

We have been in the business for over ten years with a reputation of quality to live up to.要集中全国人民的智慧和力量，聚精会神搞建设，一心一意谋发展。

We will pool the wisdom and strength of the people of the whole country and concentrate on construction and development.我国人民在中国共产党第十五次全国人民代表大会精神鼓舞下，正沿着建设有中国特色的社会主义道路，满怀信心，昂首阔步地迈向21世纪。

Inspired by the spirit of the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese people are advancing confidently towards the 21st century along the road to socialism with Chinese characteristics.中餐烹调所用的天然配料，品种繁多，几无穷尽；烹调方法，亦层出不穷，不可悉数，凡此种种，举世无双。The nearly endless variety of natural ingredients and methods of preparation employed in Chinese cuisine stand out unequaled in the world.整合IT市场资源，追求专业化、市场化、规模化、规范化。

We have integrated IT market resources, striving to be specialized and market-oriented with scale and standardization.人大的工作要从立法的系统性、科学性、公正性和渐进性入手，努力提高立法质量。

Starting systematically and scientifically with justice, the NPC should strive to improve the quality of legislation step by step.中国电信公司被重组后，作为它的主要竞争对手，中国联通公司今年以来继续扩展了业务。

China United Telecommunication Corp, China Telecom’s chief rival, kept growing quickly this year after China Telecom was broken up.这项投资不会在短时间内盈利，他们得做好准备。

They will have to be prepared to wait longer for earnings from this investment.14亿多中国人不仅解决了温饱问题，而且总体上达到小康水平。

The 1.4billiom-plus Chinese people have not only solved the problem of food and clothing but also secured in general a relatively comfortable life.五年来，惠安石雕形成了“质朴细腻、形神兼备”的艺术风格和丰富的文化内涵。

In the past 5 years, Hui’an stone sculpture has formed its unique style of simplicity, delicacy and vividness with cultural richness.80年前中国共产党诞生之时，党员只有50几人。

The Communist Party of China had only some 50 members at its birth 80 years ago.10年来，中国的旅游业达到了前所未有的蓬勃局面

The past decade has seen an unprecedented boom in China’s tourist industry.严格禁止有偿新闻、买卖书号、无理索取高额报酬。

The practice of paid news, buying and selling of registered book numbers in publishing and unreasonable extortion of high payments should be strictly banned.要形成一种制度确保领导班子年轻化、知识化、专业化。

We should institute a system to ensure that a younger, better-educated and more professional leadership is maintained.人们经常会公开议论政府工作，提出批评或建议，抨击某些地方社会治安状况。

People are often heard to comment on the government’s work in a public way to criticize or make complaints about the poor state of public security in some places.杭州的龙井茶为我国绿茶中之极品，以虎跑泉水冲饮，清香扑鼻，甘醇无比。

Hangzhou’s Longjing Tea, the best of China’s green tea, requires the water from the Tiger Spring to bring out its fragrance and delicacy.虽然海滨浴场每年吸引了成千上万的中外游客，但却明显地受季节自然因素的影响。

The bathing beach admits tens of thousands of visitors from home and abroad annually, but its use is obviously limited by seasonal or climatic changes.这两次直航是台湾海峡分隔52年以来，金门、马祖的民众第一次公开从海上直航厦门、福州。

The two direct voyages have been the first open ones for people from Jimen and Mazu to Fujian since direct shipping links were cut off between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits 52 years ago.设想一下，没有数字的世界是什么样子！我们无法营造房屋，建设城市，生产拖拉机或者建造船舶。Just think of the world without numbers!We couldn’t build houses or cities, or make tractors or ships.交出译文之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方。这样你才能把工作做好。

Before heading in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved.Only thus can you do your work well.银行储蓄所只在大部分人上班时开门，对于广大群众未免太不方便了。

The savings bank is open only when the great majority of people are at work, and this cannot but be very inconvenient for the public.这位山里姑娘凭着自己的天赋，一路唱到省城，唱到全国，唱到世界。

The talented country girl sang all her way up to the town, the country and the world.1978年我以当时比较好的成绩考上了研究生，同年又考上了出国研究生。

In 1987 I was admitted as a postgraduate, for I did pretty well in the examination-----Judging by the then requirements.The same year I was also selected to pursue advanced studies abroad.这家宾馆装修使用的是易燃材料，而不是防火材料。

The hotel had used flammable materials for decoration instead of fireproof ones.我们清楚“情感营销”的概念已经成为我们与客户沟通的最好手段。

We well understand that Relationship Marketing is the best way in communicating with our customers.洞庭湖“衔远山，吞长江，浩浩汤汤，横无际涯”

Carrying distant mountains in the mouth and swallow in the Yangtze River, the vast and mighty Dongting Lake stretches afar.中国石油公司最近要求开展内部安全大检查，实为亡羊补牢之举。但这一悲剧引发的更为根本的问题却是，企业对工作场所的安全问题是否重视。

CNPC’s recent order to carry out an in-house security inspection is a better-late-than-never effort.But a more fundamental question the tragedy raised was about enterprises’ commitment to workplace safety.这所大学校园占地面积900多亩，建筑面积为44万平方米。

The university covers an area of over 60 hectares with a floor space of 440000 square meters.这座城市的交通硬件不错，但在软件方面尚需进一步改进。

The city boasts good transportation facilities but needs further implement in terms of management and service.火车未停，请勿开门 please don’t open the door until the train stops.他不老实，我不信任他 I don’t trust him because he is not honest.说是说了，没有结果 I’ve made proposals but they proved futile.久仰先生大名 I’ve long been looking forward to meeting you.桂林山水甲天下 East, West, Guilin’s landscape is the best.矢志不渝，追求完美in the passionate pursuit of perfection 花儿向您笑，请您爱护它keep off the flowers 12亿多中国人不仅解决了温饱问题，而且总体上达到了小康水平

The 1.2billion-plus Chinese people have not only solved the problem of food and clothing but also secured in general a relatively comfortable life.这项投资不会在短时间内盈利，他们得做好准备。

They will have to be prepared to wait longer for earnings from this investment.必须认识到，如果只讲物质利益，只讲金钱，不讲理想，不讲道德，人们就会失去共同的奋斗目标，失去行为的正确规范。

We must be aware that people will lack common objective of struggle and reject the accepted code of conduct if we only stress material gains and money to the neglect of ideal and morality.听到被判死刑，嫌疑人绝望了Informed of his death sentence, the prisoner despaired.鲁迅纪念馆如今已经成为极富旅游价值的著名人文景观。

Lu Xun Museum has now become a celebrated cultural showcase and a tourist Mecca for millions of people.天安门广场旧址原是皇城的一个庭院，老百姓不得进入。1959年，它被改造成现在的规模。这一次改造是为了迎接今年10月1日中华人民共和国成立50周年。

The original site of the Tian’an Men Square was at a courtyard of the imperial palace where the ordinary people were not allowed to enter.It was expanded into the existing vast area in 1959 and the latest restore will enable it to proudly stage the grand Gala of the 50th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China on October 1st.年迈的局长在会议中间睡着了。The aged bureau chief nodded off in the middle of the conference.无论乘坐何种交通工具都能迅速抵达长沙，下榻此处会让你倍感舒适，这里的住宿条件能充分满足各种档次和品位的要求。

Whichever means you choose to visit Changsha, you will reach here quickly and enjoy a comfortable stay here.Because Changsha has a wide range of accommodation to suit all budgets and tastes.如今武夷山已被联合国科教文组织列为重点保护的世界自然与文化遗产。

Now the Wuyi Mountain has been inscribed on the UNESCO list of World Cultural and Natural Heritage sites to be given special protection.只要一天的功夫，游客便可以品尝和体验丰富多彩，风格各异的少数民族文化。

Just in one day, tourists will be able to taste and live the diversity, pluralism and richness of China’s ethnic culture.她英语说得很好，日语一般也能应付She can speak fluent English and basic Japanese.产品的质量必须保证 the quality of products must be guaranteed 如果开支确属必须，钱总是可以筹到的If the expenditure is really necessary, the money can be found somehow.由于种种历史原因，中国的民族工业在二十世纪上半叶没有得到迅速发展

Due to various historical factors, the national industry of China did not enjoy fast growth in the first half of the 20th century.这种政策不利于民族团结such a policy does not contribute to harmonious ethnic relations.中国是四大文明古国之一 China is one of the four ancient civilizations in the world.我们应该教育孩子们讲文明，懂礼貌We should educate children to stress on decorum and manners.他们的言谈举止很不文明，让我们感到震惊We were shocked to find him so ill-mannered。

近年来，知识经济作为一种新的力量在深圳兴起，科技创新在深圳的发展中发挥了巨大的作用。

In recent years, the knowledge-based economy has risen as a new force in Shenzhen.And scientific and technological innovations have contributed considerably to the city’s development.中山大学，原名广东大学，由孙中山先生与1924年亲手创办。1926年，为纪念中山先生，改名为中山大学。Zhongshan University originally named Guangdong University was founded in 1924 by Dr.Sun Yet-Sen also known as Sun Zhongshan, the great leader of the democratic revolution in China.To commemorate Dr.Sun, it was renamed Zhongshan University in 1926.在历史上著名的“西安事变”中，蒋介石被张学良扣留。

During the famous Xi’an Incident of December 12-25th,1936, Chiang Kai-Shek, leader of the then Kuomingtang-ruled central government was arrested by his second in command, Young Marshal, Chang Hsuch-Liang.在精神文明建设方面，坚持“两手抓，两手都要硬”的方针

To promote ethnical and cultural progress, efforts have been made to place equal emphasis on material progress and ethnical and cultural progress with neither aspects neglected.中国迅速转向市场经济激发了人们读MBA课程的热情，对于想在下一个世纪成为“实业巨头”的追求向上的人来说，这门课程不只是MBA，它实际上是成败在此一举的财富。

China’s rapid shift to a market-oriented economy is fueling an MBA craze for the upwardly mobile who want to be business tycoons in the next century;the MBA is more than a Master of Business Administration.It’s a Make or Break Asset.中国人有在正月十五晚上吃元宵、赏花灯的习俗

The Chinese have the custom of eating Yuanxiao(sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour)and watching festive lanterns on the fifteens evening of the first lunar month.他的不合作态度使这个项目进展十分缓慢

The project is making slow progress due to his non-cooperation.他特别喜欢给人介绍对象 he takes great pleasure in acting as a matchmaker.他客气而冷淡的接待了我们 he received us with cool politeness 他说自己才疏学浅，这不过是中国人的客气罢了 He says that he is a man of little learning and talent.That is merely self-description, considered as politeness by the Chinese.创新可以使我们成为行业的佼佼者，创新可使我们具有真正的竞争优势 Innovation is what sets us apart and creates a true competitive advantage.要帮助人们增强自立意识、竞争意识、效率意识、民主法治意识和开拓创新意识

We must help people increase the awareness of self-reliance, competition, efficiency, and democracy and the rule of law as well as the pioneering and innovation spirit.在香港，台湾，东南亚和其他国家深受欢迎。

It sells well in HK and Taiwan regions as well as South Asian and other countries.你们谁想参加春游就在星期五之前报名并交费

Those of you who want to go on the spring outing are required to sign up and hand in the payment before Friday.我觉得这个店里的衣服即使打六折也还是太贵。

I think the clothes in the shop are still too expensive even if we could get a 40 percent discount.就目前情况看，工程造价将会超出预算百分之三十。

Judging by the current situation, the construction cost of this project will exceed the budget by thirty percent.万一你想取消这次旅行，请至少提前一个月书面通知我们。

If you want to cancel this travel, please notice us in writing one month in advance.由于这些产品质量低劣，所以我方把20箱全部退回，并务必请贵方更换这些产品

As the goods are inferior in quality, we are returning the whole of the 20 cases and must ask you to replace them.想让他答应如此要求恐怕不太可能

It is unlikely for him to agree such request.在董事会年会上，他提请大家注意一个被普遍忽视的问题。

On the annual board of the directors, he called everyone to pay attention to a commonly ignored problem.在中国一提到孔子，上至白发苍苍的老人，下至天真幼稚的顽童，无人不知，无人不晓，人们为了纪念他，在许多地方都建有祭祀他的寺庙，天津也不例外。

When Confucius is mentioned in China, everyone knows him not only the grey haired men, but also the naïve and mischievous children.People have built temples in many places in order to commemorate him and Tianjin is no exception.Confucius is a household name in China.Temples in memory of him could be found everywhere in China and Tianjin is no exception.贵重物品，现金请交服务台保管，否则后果自负。

Valuable articles such as cash and jewelry should be handed to General Services Desk for safe keeping.我们已向伊拉克大选提供了100万美元援助，并为伊拉克培训外交官以及经济管理和能源开发领域的人才。We have provided one million dollars to help Iraq general election and trained diplomats, economic managers and energy exploitation professionals for Iraq.我们必须合理利用现有资源促进我县的经济发展。

We must promote the economic development of our county by making sensible use of the resources now available.他利用业余时间学习英语he spends his spare time studying English 他的这个弱点很容易被对手利用this weakness of his can be easily taken advantage of by his opponent.自然科学方面，我们比较落后，特别要努力向外国学习。但是也要有批判的学，不可盲目的学。

In the natural science, we are rather backward, and here we should make a special effort to learn from foreign countries and yet we must learn critically not blindly.我希望你好好考虑一下我的建议。I’d appreciate if you could give my proposal your careful consideration.真希望她现在就在我的身边if only she were here beside me 儿子没有考上大学，是我们的希望落空。Our son fell short of our expectations by failing the college.他被那所大学录取的希望不大。It’s not very likely for him to gain admission to that university.他总是看领导的眼色行事he takes his cue from his superiors in everything he does.他们想看我的笑话，没那么容易they want to make a fool of me.They are sure to be disappointed.你能不能得到这份工作，主要看你的英文水平.Your English level is a decisive factor in this job.偷看别人的日记是不道德的行为。It is indecent to look into someone’s diary on the sly.我们要根据形势的发展来调整政策。We must make adjustments in our policy in response to changing of the situation.请大家积极参与单位的体制改革。Everyone is called on to take an active role in the systematic reform of one’s work.他总是以积极的态度处理各种问题。He takes a positive attitude in dealing with all kinds of problems.发言者先简短的做了自我介绍，然后开始演讲。The speaker began his speech after a brief self-introduction.我先介绍一下本公司的主要产品。Let me start by saying a few words about our company’s main products.你能否介绍一下你的成功经验？could you tell us how you achieved your success? 如果不是朋友介绍，他不会得到那个职位。Only with his friend’s recommendation was he able to get his job.我国的一项基本国策式发展乡镇企业。Promoting the growth of township and village enterprises is an integral part of our national policy.北京的腿，西安的嘴，桂林的山和水

In Beijing, the tourist guide has to walk a lot because there are so many places to see;in Xi’an, he has to talk a lot because there are so many histories to tell;in Guilin, he doesn’t have to talk or walk a lot because the beautiful mountains and rivers are attractive enough for the travelers themselves to see and enjoy.The charming of conversation is that it does not really start from anywhere, and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders of leaps and sparkles or just glows.交谈的魅力在于不能确定它始于何处，也无人料及会通向何方，它时而缓流蜿蜒，时而水流涌急，时而火花闪烁，时而炽热通明。

Each conqueror in his turn raising a new dynasty and new monuments to his own glory in this region has all passed into history.一个又一个的征服者相继在此建立新的王朝，树立新的丰碑，以显示其不朽的功业，然而最终却通通如过往云烟，化为历史遗迹。

A few years ago, it was thought unusual that programs could ever be called up by viewers to be displayed on their TV screens at home.几年前，人们认为，观众能够打电话要求在自家的电视屏幕上播出节目是一件稀罕事。

风和日丽fine and warm 走南闯北travel extensively 欢天喜地in rapture 洁白无瑕spotless white平淡无奇lack distinction/insipid PLC public limited company上市公司 Ltd limited有限（责任）公司 Inc incorporated股份有限的

吃在广州 food/delicacy in Guangzhou 解放前、解放后 before/after the founding of People’s Republic of China 饭桶good-for-nothing 饭碗 rice bowl(lose one’s job)吃不开be unpopular 吃不了兜着走get into serious trouble 吃不消be unable to stand 吃不住 be unable to bear or support 吃老本live off one’s past gains 吃软不吃硬be open to persuasion but not to compulsion 吃闲饭lead an idle life 吃香be very popular 吃奶的力气the last strength 使劲 strain every muscle 吃力不讨好be a fool for one’s pains 吃眼前亏suffer loss under one’s nose 消防车fire engine 三轮车pedicab 人力车jinrick-shaw 救护车ambulance 鸡毛feather 羊毛wool 牛毛ox hair 猪毛bristle 卡丁车 go-kart 华伦天奴 Valentino 花旗参 American ginseng 黄金时间prime time 花式调酒flair bartending 猎头head hunter 激流勇进flume ride

旋转木马merry-go-round 摩天轮ferris wheel 米字旗Union Jack Pearl S Buck赛珍珠 靳羽西Yui Sai Kan

卢沟桥the Marco Polo Bridge 编辑部editorial office 培训部training department 师部division headquarters 文化部Ministry of culture 黑马dark horse

随行人员entourage /party

不二价 one price

收音耳机a headset radio 太平门emergency exit

九五折a five percent discount 油漆未干wet paint 邮件截止日mail day 教练车student driver 听电话answer the phone 最新消息latest news 好票good seats 得失loss and gain

异同similarities and differences 不论晴雨rain or shine

中小型企业small and medium-size business 桃源问津inquiring the way to Shangri-la 美食城food court 新技术区technopolis 情场老手beauty hunter

以外贸企业为龙头with the foreign trade firms as the locomotiveflagship 用品goods

篇3：不同的文体对翻译的影响

First, based on social functions of the language, stylistics explores the linguistic variety appropriate to certain social context, focusing on analyzing language constituents on the level of words and phrases, sentences, discourse, etc, that is, lexical, grammatical features as well as the style of the whole piece of writing.It tries to dig out those fragments that hold stylistic colorings.

In the case of vocabulary, a large number of words take on strong stylistic colorings.

Colloquialism and slang make up very informal or non--standard words, while literary or learned words appear chiefly in agreements, legal documents, serious addresses and on many other formal occasions.Accordingly, archaism apparent in legal English adds more solemn flavor into the papers, such as herea (=because of this) , therefrom (=from that or there) , whereinto (=into what place) .Neologism, the opposite of archaism, refers to newly--formed words or words bestowed with new meanings with creation of enormous new things or concepts resulted from the progress of human community such words have constantly sprung up in modern news reports, scientific documents and other popular articles, injecting sense of times into the language.Apart from the above-mentioned classified words, there are also technical words, jargons and cant The technical words in English, stemmed from Greek and Latin for the most part, are those employed in politics, economics, culture and various kinds of technological spheres, being precise, non--ambiguous and an important part of neologism to keep pace with the rapid development of science and technology, the amount of technical words are on the increase and abbreviations of many of them also frequently occur in specialized essays jargon finds its popularity in a particular trade like musicians, engineers, teachers, and workers, etc Although jargon interacts with technical words, they have their respective coloring owing to the fact that the former tends to be Informal and the latter be the contrary Argot is the“dirty utterances”of the degenerated class in the society, which is across the boundary of this essay.As explained earlier, there is no clear edge among the diverse stylistic varieties, therefore, the English version of Practical writing belonging to the formal style, may contain many quite formally--colored words such as learned words archaism, neologism, technical terms or some jargons on certain occasions

practical writing reflect its individual stylistic

the research process in this thesis Swales noted that the communicative purpose and function decide the form of genre.Therefore, genre analysis, appeared in the1990s, changed the focus of stylistic analysis from the surface language to the deep discourse semantic functions.However, the quantitative analysis still

study the relations between stylistic and translations, as the present paper explores, boasts both pragmatic and theories value.Because every style is different from others in words, sentences, paragraphs, and discourse.For example, the language in most practical writing is considered as to be concise, correct, readable, straightforward, etc.but in writing for science and technology the language is precise, concise, and strict in logic.When we translate the original text, we must analyze the text both in linguistic and in stylistics.Then, on the basis of this analysis, one must faithfully and appropriately reproduce the meaning and the style in

5.方梦之.英语科技文体.上海:上海外语教育出版社, 19986.侯维瑞.英语语体.上海:上海外语教育出版社, 1998

7.张培基.英汉翻译教程.上海:上海外语教育出版社, 19988.郭建中.文化与翻译.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司, 2000

9.刘宓庆.汉英对比研究与翻译.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司, 199210.陈定安.英汉比较与翻译.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司, 1998

参考文献

[1]. A.F.Tytler. Essay on the principles on translation.

[2]. Eugene A. NIDA &Charles R Taber. The theory an practice of translation.1969

[3].Peter Newmark. Approaches to translating[M]. Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001

[4].Wright.L.et.al. Stylistics:A practical coursebook. Beijing:Beijing Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2000

[5].方梦之. 英语科技文体. 上海:上海外语教育出版社, 1998

[6].侯维瑞. 英语语体. 上海:上海外语教育出版社, 1998

[7].张培基. 英汉翻译教程. 上海:上海外语教育出版社, 1998

[8].郭建中. 文化与翻译. 北京:中国对外翻译出版公司, 2000

[9].刘宓庆. 汉英对比研究与翻译. 北京:中国对外翻译出版公司, 1992

篇4：浅析翻译中不同文体的翻译标准

关键词：文化不同文体翻译标准

翻译不是两种语言之间简单的转化，而是文化等因素后影响下的相似对等。在不同文体英汉对译中，译者必须注意到两种不同文化在翻译中对语言结构和审美等因素的影响，对语言结构和逻辑关系进行相应的调整，已达到源语言被译入语读者所接受，例如：汉语中惯用动词且不注重逻辑用词，而英语则恰恰相反，这就要求译者在翻译之前，做到对原文深刻理解，分析原文各语句间的逻辑关系，对原文进行整合，采用英语的表达习惯，使文章通顺达意，同时保持原文特色。

一、 政治文献类文章的翻译翻译标准

政治文献类文章常常涉及不同国家或是社会背景的各类文体，因为时代，国家体系的不同，其产生的社会影响力及政治倾向也各不相同。因此政治文献翻译在选词时要求极其严格。例如：政府工作报告文件等重要文献的翻译，该类作品具有鲜明的时代特色和民族特色。例如：Nongovernment， non- public 由于中国对私有化很敏感，有一定的历史背景，所以在翻译是也要考虑到文化的差异，所以选用了这两个词。因此译者在翻译前要做好准备工作，根据文化的不同选择译入语可以接受的词语。

例如：人民币汇率形成机制改革有序推进

原译文：Orderly progress was made in reforming the mechanism for setting the RMB exchange rate

重译：The reform in （of） the mechanism for setting the RMB exchange rate was carried out smoothly

首先，orderly 是指按照顺序的意思，而这里第一不是指按照顺序的意思，其次orderly与progress搭配不当，再次第一句中不应用reforming，因为汉语中说的是名词，所以我觉得用名词更恰当一些，同时progress可以表示出一种过程，比较好。然而，第二句中was carried out smoothly 没有翻译出动态，没有翻出逐渐的意思，但是前文的翻译中对“推进”的翻译有，implement 和 be underway。

例如：坚定不移深化改革开放，增强经济社会发展内在活力。

在此基础上，由于英汉语言差异，在汉译英时，译文更注重逻辑关系，语句多呈复合句式，在不改变原文意思的前提下，尽可能把并列结构转换成适当的主从结构，或者增加表示逻辑关系的连接词，凸现英文的层次感和逻辑性。

例如：“独立自主、自力更生、同时学习外国，吸取世界文明的成果，是相互结合、相辅相成的。”

“Independence and self-reliance should not rule out learning from other countries and drawing on the fruits of the world civilization. The two are complementary to each other.”

本句汉英对译中，译者为满足英语的表达习惯，将汉语中的多个动词转换成了名词，同时短语rule out有加强了句子的逻辑关系。译者将句子分成两句，也避免了汉语“竹子”式的表达方式。避免句子冗长难懂，使翻译更加易懂、易接受。

二、对外宣传类及企业简介类文章的翻译标准

随着世界与经济的发展，对外宣传类文章和企业简介类文章的翻译对推动文化和企业的发展以及加强国内外的了解作用越来越大。该类文章的翻译必然与文化相联。对外宣传要注意文化视角，译文不必逐字翻译，相反要对原文进行改造，改造要把握理解，一些过于中国特色且没有过大的实际意义的，在不影响原文表达意义的前提下，可以不译。

例如：“春华秋实，硕果累累，两万多名教育教学人才走出学校大门，足迹遍及天下，桃李满天下。”

“More than 20 thousand students have graduated from the university and are now teaching nationwide.”

汉语经常采用四字格的表达方式，而这种表达如果要翻译成英语时也必须采用类似的意象和押韵。但是由于文化差异，汉语中的意象和语音美，文字美等具有特色的诸多特点往往不被英语理解或接受，有时甚至会给目标语读者造成误解及不必要的阅读障碍，从而不能达到对外宣传类文章的宣传及信息传递的作用。

例如：“大宴小酌，任君随意。竭诚欢迎各界朋友光临品鉴”

“customers old and new are sincerely welcome to Lao Xilaishun and we are sure you can enjoy yourselves.”

本句是摘自“原西来顺饭庄”对外宣传语，对企业介绍类文章的主要目的都是以介绍企业的目的，而本句在介绍的最后一句，主要是为了吸引顾客，所以在翻译中就没有直接翻译汉语的表达内容，而是翻出其主要目的，同时将汉语中的四字格忽略不译。

三、文学作品的翻译标准

众所周知文学作品本身具有一定的艺术性，而这一性质也决定了文学作品中会出现多种修辞，意象和美感表达方式。但是由于文化的差异，在中英文翻译时应考虑文化因素的重要作用，根据译入语的文化特点达到等值的艺术效果。

例如：“放牧老人江布尔大叔，老远就看到了我，喊起来“啊哈，我们的鸿雁又飞回来了！”

“An old grazier， seeing me from afar， shouted “Aha！ Here comes back， our swan goose！”

散文是一种轻巧活泼的文学形式，其语言既具有表意功能，同时又具有美学功能。散文翻译是一种美学实践，不仅要传达原文的形式美，而且要传达原文的内容美和风格美，做到原文和译文和谐统一。因此，本句做了调整，同时由于文化的不同和考虑到散文的美感，所以将“鸿雁”翻译成了“swan goose”。

四、结语

在跨文化翻译中，文化扮演着重要角色，译者在照顾不同文体的翻译特点时，更要注重文化的对等，保证译文在译入语中被广泛接受，在翻译文化的不同以及语言表达的不同，对原文的语言结构进行整合，调整理顺逻辑，去除无用的冗长表达，调整语态，添加主语等翻译方法，同时根据不同文体的特色制定出相应的翻译标准，最终达到翻译的有效进行。

参考文献：

[1]周方珠.翻译多元论[M].北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2004：308.

[2]郭辉.“‘加法’技巧在中国文化内容编译中的运用”. 《中国翻译》.2012，（2）：113-115.

[3]曹敏祥.“ 谈等值翻译”.中国翻译（2）.P.25.1998.

[4]马清海.“试论科技翻译的标准和科技术语的翻译原则”.中国翻译（2）.P.27.1997.

篇5：文体与翻译心得 汪福祥

文体与翻译学习心得

随着春去夏来，酷热难耐，转眼间我们的第二学期的学习也接近尾声了。在这短暂而又充实的一个学期里，我从汪福祥老师的《文体与翻译》一课上受益匪浅，感慨良多。汪老师的谆谆教诲不仅仅使我站在了一个更高的角度来看待翻译，审视翻译，总结翻译，更帮助我领悟到了人生中看待生活，看待工作，看待世间万物的豁达心态。

随着中国外事活动的日益频繁以及中国与国外公司合作、民间交流的不断升温，市场对于翻译的需求量也是日益增加，翻译的类型与文体也在朝着规范化的方向不断发展。而层出不穷的翻译文体又需要相对应的翻译理论，翻译技巧和翻译方法。作为一名不久以后翻译行业的从业人员，我迫切地需要掌握如何来处理遇到的文体，以更好地为人民、社会以及国家来服务，奉献自己的光和热，也在这一过程中实现自己的人生价值。而汪福祥老师的《文体与翻译》，不仅仅为我在翻译中遇到的各种各样的问题答疑解惑，更为我以后工作的道路指引了方向。

从汪福祥老师的课上我了解到，不同的翻译文体有着不同的语言学特点，小至字词句，大至段篇章，不同的文体因其表达目的的不同而有着修辞、句式和结构等各方面的差异。而作为翻译工作者，我们的使命就是针对不同的文体，运用不同的理论、技巧和方法，将原文的意思淋漓尽致地假我们之手传达给读者。

文学翻译除了说明要传达出“思维内容”外，还着重强调了“风格特色”——因为这正是文学作品不可缺少的关键之一。没有风格的作品必然显得苍白无力，毫无生气，正如人缺少了个性一样。而作品有了风格，人物的音容笑貌以及作者的思想情感便会跃然纸上，机趣横生。因此，作为文学翻译，它必然也要力求传达出原著的精神风貌，否则便沦为鸡肋，难以打动读者。另一方面，文学翻译还强调了“忠实、准确”——这可是文学翻译的要害，也是难点所在。翻译毕竟不是创作，其性质决定了它必须忠实准确地传达出原著的精神风貌，而不得随心所欲，自由发挥。但是由于两种语言特点不同，规律不同，一层不变地进行翻译是产生不了应有效果的。因此就需要进行调整，在保持“神韵”的准则下语言上作些变通——这便是文学翻译的“再创作”。不如此，翻译出来的东西看似忠实，实则成了死译、硬译，违背了原作的精神风貌。

文体与翻译学习心得

而非文学翻译的首要标准是准确。法律、医药翻译中尤其要注意这个问题。合同翻译错误可能会引起诉讼和金钱损失；条约、协议翻译错误会导致混乱和误解；医药文本翻译错误可能关系人的生命健康。要做到准确，有时恐怕不是译者个人能力所及的，而需要译者集体的努力。非文学文本中，关于语言本身的讨论也是翻译的一个难题。重要文本的起草过程中经常会谈到不同措辞的细微差别或同义词的区别等问题，这样的文本或段落即使翻译出来，对读者的意义也往往不大，因为在一种语言里面有差异的说法，译为另一种语言后，便不存在同样的差异。

按翻译材料来分，翻译可分为科技材料的翻译，文学作品的翻译（包括小说、戏剧、诗歌等），政论作品的翻译（包括社会科学论文、报告、演说辞等）以及其他应用文的翻译（包括新闻报道、电报、文件等）。而这些不同的翻译材料因其功能的不同，各自有着不同的问题特点，也各自需要不同的翻译方法来处理加工。

汪福祥老师曾在课上给我们展示了一些他改译过的译文，来向我们展示文体在翻译中的重要性。通过与原译文的比较，汪老师的作品更加细腻贴切，结构严谨，自然而不造作。汪老师改译的诗歌更是一绝，选词恰当准确，长短句抑扬顿挫，韵律琅琅上口，将诗歌的美感与节奏感演绎得酣畅淋漓，令人大快朵颐。

汪老师还曾举温家宝总理在同济大学的演讲为例，向我们指出了现场翻译所出现的许多错误。在翻译的过程中，不过不能透彻理解原文的含义，抓住关键思想，往往会使译文与原文貌合神离，甚至大相径庭。汪老师对该例中的现场翻译进行了大刀阔斧的修改，结果更加准确且优美地展示了温总理讲话内容中的重点与感情。

汪老师还曾让我们在课上自主翻译一篇拿破仑写给约瑟夫的情书，使我们通过自己动手实践体验翻译的处理加工过程，体会翻译过程中两种文化的碰撞，摸索最适合原文的翻译方法与技巧，并享受翻译优美的文学作品所带来的美感。通过那次课，我不仅被优美的英文所深深打动，还领略到了爱情的甜蜜与美好，更加深了我自己对翻译这一发掘美好、传递美好、流传美好的这一艰巨而又光荣的事业的热爱。

总体来说，通过对汪福祥老师《文体与翻译》这门课的学习，我对翻译这门工作有了更全面的认识，接触并学会了许多翻译实践中所需的理论、方法与技巧；我对翻译这门艺术也有了更深入的体会，领略了译者在传递知识、传播文化、传扬思想中艰巨而又光荣的使命以及随之而来的成就感。

文体与翻译学习心得

在汪老师慷慨激昂洋洋洒洒的授课过程中，我最大的体会就是汪老师的博学强识、知晓中外、学贯古今。汪老师深入浅出地将渊博的知识传授给我们，为我们指明了勤学不辍方能融会贯通的道路，更为我们树立了一个光辉而又伟岸的榜样。在以后的学习工作中，我会始终以王老师为榜样，广泛学习，深入思考，用强大的知识来武装自己，成为一名优秀的翻译工作者。

篇6：关注小学语文不同文体的教学

古井小学 周宗华

2014年山东省小学语文优质课评选观摩活动在泰安举行，山东省小语会理事长李家栋老师就本次活动做了简短说明。

李家栋老师指出，本次小学语文优质课评选观摩活动，主要是着眼于不同文体的教学，如古诗、文言文、散文、故事、小说、现代诗……对与会的教师在观摩不同文本的课堂教学提出了明确要求。首先，从课堂研究的重点的维度来看，要关注执教教师如何有效的构建高效课堂，是否体现了生命、生态和发展的课堂特点。同时，还要关注执教教师是否从文本特点，积极有效的学习和运用语言文字。其次，从课堂教学基本要求来看，教师设计的课堂教学目标是否精准得当，教学过程是否扎实有效，教学评价是否正确、恰当，教学活动是否促进了学生语文素养的提高。

在短短的四天时间里，32位执教教师以不同的形式，不同的文体课堂教学形式，向大家展示了自己的独特的教学风格和不一样的教学魅力。在诗歌《如果我是一片雪花》教学中，教师不仅把孩子带进了一个雪花飘飘的美妙天地，而且也将教师领进了一个充满诗情画意的世界。执教教师针对教学内容选择材料方面，因学施教，诗歌教学充满着诗意，而散文教学则彰显着散文的风格。在每一堂课中，执教教师都

针对学情，精选策略，以学定教，抓特点、抓重点。

在本次优质课评选活动中，各个执教教师虽然形式各异，各具风采，但他们也具很多共同之处。其一，关注文体，诗味深长。在诗歌教学中，抓住诗的文体特点，通过反复诵读，使课堂入情入境。学诗就是诵读，读出诗意，由景入境，动情入境，多读便悟。学生学会了学诗，也学会了创诗。其二，凸显本体，神韵飞扬。凸显本体就是促进学生获取知识和能力的有效手段，教给孩子读出故事味，悟出文体事理。发展学生语言的表述能力，发展了学生语文素养。其三，生本高效，精彩绽放。