外贸助理英语自我介绍

2024-05-23

外贸助理英语自我介绍(共7篇)

篇1:外贸助理英语自我介绍

Hello, my name is xx. _ years old this year, just a year. University of economics is to learn, although it is still hard to learn, the result is not fine school. I am a local Wuhan, but rarely say Wuhan, not strange, I think Mandarin is more a gentleman, ha ha......

Mainly about their basic situation, such as name, age, profession and hometown, you girls can not say that the age of. You can also roughly speak a little bit about college. You can also talk about their own diligence, sureness, progress, sincerity and so on. Look at what you need to say what, try to colloquial, vivid, plus a little smile, this is very important) my interest hobby, too little, billiards, and reading it on 331.

I love billiards, you can do after sparring, rookie level is, you win enough. Gobang is less of an outsider, seemingly over the years havent lost, are interested can learn about. Reading is a part of many peoples leisure life, is not to say, but it is not an exaggeration, reading efficiency, really good, can reach the standard of one hundred thousand words for two hours, if you love reading it, and I dont have the efficiency ratio.

In fact, the character may be in the interests of the interest, so the first paragraph can not say. Talk about their hobbies more conducive to making friends, you girls generally like to see the United States blockbuster, drama, etc., you can also mention Now just out of the campus, the work is not very understanding, I hope that many of the predecessors pointing.

There is nothing in the work done well, I hope a lot of understanding, after all, we are starting from the new. Time really flies, college life is over, and now also on the job, a new starting point, a new start, I would like to work with everyone, for the company to re create brilliant. Wish the business development on the upgrade, you work smoothly. We want to know more about me, can be more exchanges. Thank you. Thats all.

篇2:外贸助理英语自我介绍

Cheerful personality, honest and trustworthy, practical progress, very affinity, communication skills and strong ability to learn and adapt

Good secretarial writing and speaking, proficient in typing and master the use of Office software, and the basic operating system knowledge, English has over four countries, standard Mandarin, good spoken English, and the relevant public relations etiquette and instructor training.

Any practice in XX help broadcast radio and television anchor, with seriously complete the daily broadcast work, patiently and carefully listen to the call problems and troubles, for the audience to dismiss the worry, the unique humorous hosting style and attention to responsible attitude and recognized by many listeners call praise and leadership.

After graduating from XX in the Credit Card Center, administrative assistant, assist the Department Manager to do the department meeting records and reports and all the branches of the business mail and fax data update scan, upload files and leadership, responsible for the daily administrative work, help department colleague office clerical work. Work with colleagues, leadership friendly exchanges and work, work carefully earnestly, has been recognized by everyone.

I have some knowledge and understanding of personal banking products

篇3:外贸助理英语自我介绍

一、职业教育的教学目标

1. 国家对职业教育培养目标的要求

我国劳动和社会保障部对90个工种实行就业准入制度,职业学校属于90个技术工种的毕业生,必须取得国家职业资格证书后,方可就业上岗。中等职业教育的培养目标已经由培养技术型人才转变为培养技能型人才。

2. 社会对技能型人才的需求

社会的发展与进步需要各种各样的人才,随着我国工业生产和第三产业的迅速发展,目前社会急切需要大量的高素质技能型人才。

3. 当代职业学校学生的文化素养

大部分初中生的首选是进入高中学习,这就在客观上造成进入中等职业学校学习的学生,在认知能力与习惯、学习基础与水平、兴趣爱好与特长等方面都存在较大的差异。

鉴于此,中职学校的教学质量应以满足国家、企业、学生的需求来衡量。中职教师必须以服务为宗旨、就业为导向、能力为核心确定教学目标。

二、教学过程的自我控制

教学过程的自我控制包括:教师对课程教学内容的分解;单元教学目标的设定;教学过程的设计与实施;教学效果的评价与改进四个方面。由于教学的对象是有个性的学生,所以在职业教育的教学过程中应突出“以人为本、因材施教”的教学理念,如下图所示。

1. 课程教学内容的分解

教学内容的分解主要体现在授课计划和实习计划中。教师应在深入了解专业教学计划,熟悉相关课程教学大纲,通晓主讲课程的专业知识要求和职业技能标准的基础上,结合职业学校学生的特点,确定主讲课程的教学内容。主要考虑以下四个方面:一是主讲课程的计划课时和总体教学目标要求;二是平行课程、后续课程对主讲课程的具体要求;三是职业技能对主讲课程的职业要求;四是职业学校学生的学习能力和特点。

以“外贸函电英语”为例,这门课需要学生掌握外贸商务信函文体的基本知识,包括各类商务书信、常用语句、术语及拟写技巧。通过对外贸业务磋商过程中各个环节往来函电实例的学习,熟悉、掌握外贸业务磋商各个环节的常用表达及写作技巧。

鉴于中职学生英语基础较差,在制订教学目标时,我放低目标,着重点在于使学生: (1) 了解并熟悉外经贸进出口的关键步骤。 (2) 掌握外经贸业务信函撰写要点,初步做到能在一般情况下写出内容确切、表达得体、符合规范、语句通顺、没有语法错误的信函。授课形式以讲授函电知识和实训(模拟岗位操作)为主。

2. 单元教学目标的设定

布鲁姆的教育理论认为,“目标教学”是一种在教学目标指导下进行教学活动,根据目标评价教学效果,利用评价结果控制、调节教学活动的科学的教学模式。根据布鲁姆的教育理论,在“外贸函电英语”的教学过程时,我制定了每个单元的教学目标,把教材进行了梳理,分成8个单元:Establishingbusinessrelations, Inquiry—Offer—Counter offer, Order—Accep-tance, Contract, Packing—Shipment, Insurance, Payment, Claim。在每个单元学生都体验到买卖双方两个角色,单元结束后,达到这样的目标:学生能够分别以买方和卖方的身份对外贸信函进行磋商。

3. 教学过程的设计与实施

职业教育的根本目的是培养人,不是选拔或淘汰人。在教学过程的设计与实施中,我根据中职学生的特点,着重做好以下几方面工作:

(1)设定细化的课堂学习目标。根据设定的课堂学习目标,采用“小步走、步步考、逐步提高”的方法使学生感受到学习成功的体验,建立学习的自信心。在课堂教学的课程中,将教学内容分解为几个简明的学习目标,通过课堂练习促进学生对学习目标的掌握,利用课堂测验检验学生的课堂学习效果。

如“Inquiry-Offer-Counter offer”一单元中,第一课时,教学目标很简明: (1) To enable students to know about what inquiry, offer and counter offer are(了解询盘、报盘、还盘的含义); (2) Help students to learn and master key words, phrases and sentence patterns (掌握一些外贸词汇及基本句型) 。第二课时,教学目标提高为: (1) Learn structure of a business letter about inquiry, offer and counter offer. (2) Help students learn how to write business letter about inquiry, offer and counter offer. (学习有关询盘、报盘、还盘的商务信函的基本结构,在教师帮助下,学写信函) 。到第三课时,要基本达到最终的教学目标:to finish writing business letters about inquiry, offer and counter offer themselves (独立完成询盘、报盘、还盘的信函) 。

在教学过程中,按够用为度,由浅入深、由简单到复杂的原则,逐个项目对学生进行知识传承。

(2)采用直观的教学方法和手段。我校的“国际商务实训中心”,是上海市首批实训基地。实训中心的硬件和软件为学生提供了一个非常逼真的外贸环境。从第一节课,我就让学生分组组建自己的公司,并为公司命名,制作公司标牌,每次实训课把公司的牌子放在桌上,该公司成员坐在一起。模拟业务谈判情境,扮演不同的买家卖家,互相往来英文函电,洽谈业务。在每一个环节,使学生如临其境,切实锻炼了动手操作能力和实际业务能力。这些既能提高学生英文函电的写作能力,又能有效培养学生的团队意识和创新精神。

(3)及时对课堂教学目标进行反馈。课堂教学目标反馈可以帮助教师有的放矢地改进和完善教学内容和教学方法,提高教学效果。在教学过程中,我通过课堂测验和项目考核及时了解学生对知识和技能的掌握程度、学习中存在的问题和困难等。

以“建立贸易关系”为例,这个阶段学生刚开始学写外贸英语信函,用词、格式很不规范,总是达不到目标。我反思教学过程中存在的不足,发现目标任务过高,会使学生丧失信心。我尝试把如何写这封英语信函分成几个板块: (1) Opening Sentence告知怎样获得对方公司的名称和地址; (2) Self-introduction介绍你自己的公司是进口商还是出口商并告知你的业务范围; (3) Invitation Sentence表达你的强烈愿望并说服与对方建立贸易关系; (4) Closing Sentence希望对方尽快给予明确答复。

指导学生逐一学习每一个板块,在每一个板块都有形式不同、意义相近的句式来表示。再给学生不同的背景材料,让他们进行操练。最后再串连成一篇完整的外贸英语信函。通过这种方式,及时、有针对性地改进和完善了教学。

(4)辩证地看待“教”与“学”的关系。“教”是为“学”服务的。职业学校的教师在教学设计及教学实施的过程中,必须根据职业学校学生的特点,更多地考虑如何“教”,才能促进学生更好地“学”。我在备课、课件制作、实施教学三个环节中,始终贯穿“教”促进“学”这个主题,重在指导学生学会获得知识的途径和方法,启迪学生的思维,挖掘学生的潜能。

4. 教学效果评价与改进

教学效果既取决于教师的业务水平、组织能力、教学技巧、责任心等,同时也取决于学生的学习态度、学习能力、课堂纪律和参与教学的程度。

对中职教师而言,教学效果主要体现在对学生学习成效的评价上。学习成效评价的目的有两点:一是培养学生良好的学习习惯,树立正确的学习目的和态度,增强学习责任感,提高学习能力和学习效果,促进学生全面发展;二是帮助教师在教学过程中及时了解和掌握学生的学习情况、学习难点,改进和完善教学内容和教学方法,根据学生的具体情况指导学生的学习,帮助学生提高学习能力和学习效果。

在考核中突破传统的单一的书面考试手段,采用形成性考核和终结性考核相结合的手段。在教学过程中我通过对学生的学习态度与课堂纪律;作业完成情况;课堂讨论、课堂测验与章节测验成绩;实训现场操作考评;学期考试成绩等综合评价学生的学习成效,促进学生的学习,提高教学质量。

三、结语

中等职业学校的生存与发展取决于学校的教学质量,关注学校的教学质量既是职业学校教师的职责,也是教师自身生存和发展的需要。为了使职业教育满足政府、企业、学生的需求,教师更要不断关注社会的发展、科技的进步、学生的需求,不断学习新知识、新技术、新方法和新工艺,不断思考出现的新现象和新问题,使自己的教学更加贴近企业的实际,适合学生的特点,满足国家的需要。

摘要:提高教学质量是中等职业学校生存和发展的需要, 也是职业学校教师自我提高和完善, 实现自我价值的需要。本文就中等职业学校教师在教学过程中通过自我控制提高教学质量提出了思考和建议。

关键词:中职教师,教学质量,教学目标,教学过程,自我控制

参考文献

[1]郭扬.监控与评价——高职高专教育质量研究.中国科学技术出版社.

篇4:外贸业务员面试英语自我介绍

Hi, my name’s Harry, H-a-r-r-y, Harry. It’s such a pleasure for me to introduce myself to you.

I’ll soon graduate from Guangzhou University with a bachelor’s degree in Economics. As a student, my major is International Economics and Trade, I like it a lot, and I’ve got a pretty good academic performance. My English grade ranks NO.2 in the class of 55 students, and my classmates would always like me to give English speeches in class.

For the professional courses I learnt, some impressed me most, like the ones “Marketing” and “International Business Negotiation”, both teachers gave me high compliments in front of class which then encouraged me a lot and I appreciated it by putting more efforts into studying.

Well, for one thing I’m most proud of, is my English performance. I got 100 full marks once in “The University English 4”, and got As in oral tests. Plus that I’m tall and white, many people may say that I’m a foreigner. Well, I was an English DJ in a broadcast station back to high school, and I also worked as an English translator in the Canton Fair once. So here I would like to say that my English ability is fully competent to the position applied.外贸面试自我介绍

Besides having a good academic performance, I was actively involved in student activities. First, I was in charge of Class Athletics member of committee. Then I joined the Debate Team, and meanwhile I also joined the New Oriental English Club in our school. For my outgoing personality, I served as Communication Department director in both departments and dedicated my hard work to both teams. During my tenure, I learnt co-working and enjoyed lots of fun there.

Outside the campus I did some practice jobs. I had a two month internship in Shenzhen Glory Trading Cooperation a month ago. I worked as

a sales assistant, I did the inventory check, helped my comates to make the auditing reports, and in spare time I also made phone calls to cell our products. My boss was pleased with my performance and he asked me to recommend my classmates to join our team.

Another internship was in China Unicom Cooperation, Guangzhou Branch. Our job was to promote mobile phone cards to freshmen in South China Normal University. It came out that the activation rate of the released new cards surpassed 90%, and because of that our team was rewarded 1000 yuan by our company.外贸面试自我介绍

Lastly, let me tell you a bit of my interests. I recently play table tennis a lot, because I like the feeling that “one strike in a hole”. And I also like swimming, singing karaoke, watching U.S. TV shows and friends gathering. I keep the habit of learning English by reading and practicing, and I enjoy reading foreign books, especially books on Psychology. For example, “The Road Less Travelled”, it tells us to face the problems straightly and solve them at the first place they appear.

I have to say that your company is my ideal company. What’s more, I have great interests in joining your sales department; it’s so like a dream job to me. I am sure that I have the potential to become a great foreign trade salesman in our company. I wish I could soon join your team.

That’s all, thanks for your listening!

篇5:外贸英语:开头语与自我介绍

外贸实战英语:开头语语自我介绍

从中华人民共和国驻…大使馆商务参赞处获悉贵公司名称和地址,现借此机会与贵方通信,意在达成一些实际交易为开端,以建立业务关系。

1.Having had your name and address from the Commercial Counselor’s office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in……,we now avail ourselves of this opportunity to write to you and see if we can establish business relations by a start of some Practical transactions.从中国国际贸易促进会获悉,你们有意采购电器用具。

2.We have heard from China Council for the Promotion of International Trade that you are in the market for Electric Appliances.驻贵地的中国领事向我们介绍,你公司是…生产…(商品)的大出口商。

3.Your name has been recommended to us by the Chinese Consul stationed in your city as large exporters of …… goods produced in ……

从…获悉你们行名及地址并了解你们是……有经验的进口商。现向你们开报…,盼能在贵地市场推销。

4.From ……,we have obtained your name and address and understand that you are experienced importers of …… We have pleasure in offering you …… of which we would appreciate your pushing the sale on your market.从…获悉你公司专门经营…,现愿与你公司建立业务关系。

5.We learn from …… that your firm specializes in ……,and would like to establish business relationship with you.承……的介绍,获悉你们是……有代表性的进口商之一。

6.Through the courtesy of…… we have learned that you are one of the representative importers of ……

据纽约司密斯公司所告,得悉你公司名称和地址,并得知你们…日本东京商会已把你行介绍给我们。

7.Your name and address has been given to us by Messrs.J.Smith &;amp; Co.,Inc.,in New York,who have informed us that your firm has been recommended to us by the Chamber of Commerce in Tokyo,Japan.承贵地…银行通知,你们是…的主要进口商(出口商),并有意与中国进行这些方面的贸易。

9.The…… Bank in your city has been kind enough to inform us that you are one of the leading importers(exporters)of …… and are interested in trading with China in these lines ……

据了解,你们是中国…(商品)有潜力的买主,而该商品正属我们的业务经营范围。

10.We are given to understand that you are potential buyers of Chinese ……,which comes within the frame of our business activities.通过贵国最近来访的贸易代表团,我们了解到你们是信誉良好的…进口商,现发信给你们,盼能不断地接到你们的定单。

11.Through your trade delegation that recently paid a visit to this country,we learned that you are well-established importers of …… and are writing to you in the hope of receiving your orders from time to time.我们欣然寄发这封自荐信,希望是互利关系的前奏。

12.We are glad to send you this introductory letter,hoping that it will be the prelude to mutually beneficial relations between us.我们有幸自荐,盼望能有机会与你们合作,扩展业务。

13.We have the Pleasure to introduce ourselves to you with the hope that we may have an opportunity of cooperating with you in your business extension.我们冒昧通信,以期待与贵公司建立业务关系。

14.We take the liberty of writing to you with a view to building up business relations with your firm.现向贵司自我介绍,我们是国营公司,专门经营轻工业品。

15.We wish to introduce ourselves to you as a state operated corporation dealing exclusively in Light Industrial Goods.也许你们已有所知,我们是国营公司,经营……(商品)的进出口业务。

16.As you may be well aware,we are a state-operated corporation handling such items as …… in both import and export business.外贸平台-实惠网()整理资料系列

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篇6:外贸自我介绍

外贸自我介绍模板

三年的校园生涯即将结束,本人一直信守做事尽心尽力的原则,努力学习文化知识,刻苦钻研专业技能,积极投入实践,全面充实和发展自己并取得一定的成绩。

作为一名 国际贸易 专业的学生,本人深知 英语 的重要性,因此在 英语 学习方面本人一直以高标准要求自己。通过自己的努力,以xx的成绩通过四级 考试 并一次以xx分的成绩通过六级 考试。在 英语 口语方面本人也一直在锻炼自己,并达到了一定水平。除此之外本人也打下了日语初级基础。不仅在英语方面,在其余课程上也刻苦学习。在六学期内四次获得奖学金,并一次通过了全国计算机等级 考试(二级)。

此外本人积极参加社会实践活动,锻炼自己的专业技能,增长自己的专业知识,并达到了一定的效果。通过一系列的校内外活动,本人也逐渐把握了人交往和沟通的技巧,学会了如何使自己处于一个融洽的人际关系中。通过在校的学习本人深深体会到理论指导实践的含义,并且确实以这个准则要求自己。在学习和活动之余本人也积极充实自己,博览群书,丰富知识,而且掌握了一定的计算机应用技巧足以应付工作需要。

相信经过三年学习生活的磨练,已将本人锤打成为一名品德端正、意志坚强、有崇高理想和远大抱负,具有进取精神和团队合作精神的出色的大学生。相信本人所具有的知识和处事能力完全可以胜任任何困难的工作,环境的艰苦并不能阻碍完成本人要完成的工作。如果本人有幸能成为贵公司的一员,本人将把所有的青春和热情倾力投入到工作中,取得应有的成绩,为公司的发展壮大贡献自己的力量。

外贸自我介绍模板

my name is***

since graduated from hunan huangpu foreign language college in XX,i had done the teaching for one and half an year,and had worked in foreign trade business。

until in feb,XX,i returned to the south central university for studying more knowledge and confirming objective。

during the past two years studing,i had been majoring the application english on the base of trading english,including the advance english(one),advance(two),economy and trade english,busiess english correspondence,selected readings in english and american literatures,chinese and english translation course,interpret and listening,japanese,advance english writing etc。in addtion,i got the undergraduate diploma,flunetly oral english,good conpprehesion reading?better social communication ability!

篇7:外贸函电自我言语充实研究

函电是外贸领域的主要交际方式, 根据合作原则, 函电双方应彼此配合, 否则就如同口语交际双方不合作一样, 所述内容就会产生语用含意。在日常外贸函电中常有违背合则原则的情况出现, 例如, 写函人在回复一个问题时说了些罗嗦累赘的话, 或者说了些有关别的事情的话。在细致分析的情况下, 在多说的话语当中, 有的是符合实际的真话, 有的则是杜撰的谎话。其实, 这两种话语的说出, 都有其语用理据。

2 理论基础与思考

格赖斯 (Grice, 1967) 的合作原则 (Cooperative Principle) 认为言语交际中人们总是互相合作的, 双方都有共同配合, 使话语互相理解的共同愿望。合作原则包括四条准则:量准则、质准则、关系准则和方式准则。量准则是指说话人所提供信息应是交际所需的, 且不多也不少, 即所提供的话语应包含交际目的所需要的信息, 以及所提供的话语不应超出所需要的信息。质准则指的是说话人所提供的信息应是真实的, 即不要说自知是虚假的话, 以及不要说缺乏足够证据的话。关系准则是指说话人所提供的信息应是关联或相关的。方式准则指的是说话人提供信息是要清楚明白, 即要避免晦涩, 避免歧义, 要简练, 要井井有条。同时, 格赖斯又指出, 交际双方并不总是严格遵守该合作原则。当说话人故意违反合作原则的某一准则时, 就可能产生会话含意。在外贸交际中, 人们为什么会有违反合作原则的现象, 作这么多的言语自我充实?看来还要从利益原则中去理解, 因为它超越了合作原则的解释范围, 同时, 它也超越了所谓“拯救”合作原则的礼貌原则的解释范围。Leech (1983) 的礼貌原则中的得体准则、慷慨准则、赞誉准则、谦逊准则、一致准则和同情准则显然都不能很好地说明这一现象, 因为, 这里边看不出有什么“少损人利已”、“少贬人扬已”、或“多赞同他人”的状况。写函人的自我言语充实, 其实应归究为商业利益的驱动:为追求和维护自己的利益持续努力。

3 外贸函电言语自我充实的分类及语用理据

外贸函电是外贸日常商务往来中用以传递信息、处理商务事宜以及联络和沟通关系的信函、邮件等文书。根据商务语境下阅函人的信息需求, 参照写函人自我充实的言语信息的虚实性, 以及根据话语信息的关联关系和充实后产生的结果, 我们把外贸函电言语自我充实可以分成两种类型:一种是实型自我充实, 另一种是虚型自我充实。

1) 实型言语自我充实

实型自我充实是补充客观真实信息的, 有实际意义。它补充的是相关的信息, 充实后对促成和维护双方业务关系和利益有积极的促进作用。冉永平 (2008) 从语用功能综观的角度来看, 说话人附加一定的额外信息, 并非刻意传递隐含信息, 还存在自我充实的现象。自我充实的类型包括提供原因、列举事例或事实、提供具体信息、提供解释等四种。说话人的自我充实或者是实现信息补缺, 或者是实现交际主体之间目标信息的对称, 也或者是实现人际关系的缓和。商务语境下, 写函人会依据自己所处的位置和业务的阶段, 出于不同原因, 根据不同的需要在往来的函电中添加适当的信息。在信息是真实的情况下, 这些信息在于平衡双方信息的不对称, 实现双方对所需信息的互知 (mutually understanding) , 达至双方在合作上的共知 (shared knowledge) , 促进双方关系的发展, 以最终实现已方的商业利益。例如:

(1) We are indebted to ABC Company for your name and address.We are writing in the hope that you would be willing to establish business relations with us.To tell you the truth, we have been exporter of casual shoes for many years.Our client ABC Co., whom you know well, said you might be interested in purchasing our shoes.

(2) One of our regular clients is in the market for digital cameras.We would be appreciative if you could quote us moderate price.

(3) Your claim against us for the cartons distorted in transit is unreasonable.The certificate of quality issued by CIQ indicated the perfect condition of the goods prior to departure.Under CIF, you claim should be filed to the insurance company.However, PICC enjoys a high prestige worldwide and their agent at your end will attend to the matter so long as you submit the relevant documents promptly.

例 (1) 是出口商主动发起的希望与进口商建立业务关系的函电。函中所引用的ABC公司例子为出口商的自我充实, 填补阅函人的信息空缺, 实际上是对对方说, 他们的鞋是受欢迎的, 对方若有兴趣, 可以与他们接洽, ABC公司就是一个很好的旁证。其出发点就是想开发一个新客源, 增加一条销售渠道, 进而促进双方业务关系的开展。

例 (2) 是进口商要求出口商报价的函电。函中要求阅函人报中等价位的价格, 原因是自己的一个老客户要买。老客户要买, 这是进口商的自我充实, 是让阅函人明白, 因为老客户对价格都比较熟悉, 报价不应有较大的偏离。其目标是让阅函人知晓并报来合理的、有竞争力的价格, 从而尽快地把握机遇, 把生意做成。

例 (3) 是出口商拒绝进口商索赔的函电。函中阐明赔偿责任不在己方, 而在保险公司。PICC保险公司情况介绍属出口商的自我充实。对方因对CIF中的理赔不熟悉, 索赔遭到写函人的拒绝。为了缓和对阅函人正面面子的威胁, 写函人采用移情的调控策略, 从对方的角度出发, 说了一些保险公司理赔的做法和过程, 这样为对方着想, 会加强了双方的情感沟通, 缓和双方的关系, 避免因冷冰冰的拒绝而影响日后的合作发展。

总之, 从认知语用功能的角度来说, 以上类型补充属于“关联优化语” (relevance optimizer) (Dor 2003) , 起关联加强作用, 其基本目的是主动实施原因解释、信息平衡、关系缓和等, 以期达至其最终的商业目标:追求或维护己方的利益。

2) 虚型言语自我充实

虚型自我充实的是无实际意义的虚构信息, 它补充的是非相关的信息, 是写函人的杜撰, 充实后对已方利益有促进作用但同时又不影响对方的利益。在某些情况下, 写函人的自我充实并不能从信息的平衡方面得到解释, 缓和双方人际关系也可能只是表面的。写函人的自我充实还应从经济利益的驱动上找解释。商场如战场, 商业秘密是不可泄露的, 商业信息不可能达至互通。写函人所提供的信息也仅能供阅函人参考, 补充的信息很可能是写函人杜撰的信息, 是写函人的自圆其说。例如:

(4) This is our rock bottom price.We cannot go any further.As a matter of fact, we have concluded substantial transactions at this price with other customers at your end.

例 (4) 是出口商就进口商要求减价的回复, 函中不同意进口商还盘要求。其他客户以这一价格大量成交, 这是写函人的自我充实。写函人自知价格已经到了底线, 不愿意或不可能再减了, 这时候, 很可能就信口开河, 说了这件事, 其真实与否无从考究, 因为这只是他的单方言词。Sperber and Wilson (1995) 的关联交际原则认为:人类认知倾向于同最大关联相吻合;每一个话语或明示的交际行为都应设想它本身具有最佳关联。最大关联就是听说人理解话语时付出尽可能小的努力, 去获得最大的语境效果;最佳关联就是理解话语时付出有效的推理努力之后, 获得足够的语境效果。其实, 从关联原则来看, 在该相同语境条件下, 以上话语若去掉划线部分比保留线部分更具关联性, 因为它能产生较多的认知效果:出口商不愿意再削价。虽然划线部分保留与否都可以推导出相同的结论, 但该结论从不带划线部分的话语比从带有划线部分的话语更容易推导出来, 因为理解后者需要进行某些额外信息处理, 类似额外信息对阅函人来说是多余的, 且其中的信息难以考究, 因此对额外信息的处理需要进口商付出更多的认知努力。可见, 去除划线部分是最大关联也是最佳关联的话语, 对它的理解只须付出较少的努力就能获得最大的效果, 而且在该条件下它的语境效果比添加了划线部分的话语更充分。也就是说, 添加了划线部分的话语包含了不必要的额外的信息, 会造成阅函人理解时需要付出不必要的认知努力, 写函人只说“This is our rock bottom price.We cannot go any further.”就已足够。那作为出口商的写函人缘何会说这么多呢?究其原因, 这是写函人的自我充实, 而这种充实是希望找一个旁证坚持自己的报价不变, 从而促成交易, 维护自己的基本利益。当然, 这个充实信息的真实与否阅函人最终不会去理会, 他只会根据自己的情况决定是否予以接受对方报来的价格, 因此, 可以说, 对阅函人来说这是没有利益上的伤害。

又如:

(5) We cannot accept the payment term you suggested.Honestly speaking, we are only a small firm with not much cash liquidity.D/A term will tie up much of our fund.As a compromise, we suggest D/P.

(6) While appreciating your kind offer, we have to say that USD20 per pair seems to be on the high side.As you know, some Japanese dealers are lowering their offer and their quotation is about 10%lower than yours.We wonder if you would kindly consider reducing your price to USD18.

(7) We are sorry for the delay of T/T that is needed for this transaction.The fact lies in that our financial staffs are so preoccupied by routine jobs these days that they hardly remember to send remittance to you.You will soon hear from your bank that the remittance arrives today.

例 (5) 是出口商就支付条款上的还盘, 函中明确表示不接受D/A支付方式。自己公司小, 没多少流动资金, D/A会占用大量资金, 这是出口商的自我充实。这一解释无论真实与否, 其出发点是出口商意识到D/A的极大风险, 在没有对对方信用足够了解的情况下不愿意轻易冒险, 否则钱货两空。写函人在建议采用付款交单 (D/P) 这一较为安全的支付方式之前作了这一解释, 目的是维护自己的资金安全。在关联理论框架下, 信息的客观真假并不会影响阅函人的语境假设的思辨过程, 也不会影响其在当前语境下得出的结论, 添加充实的内容, 造成阅函人理解时需要付出不必要的认知努力, 虽然不是最佳关联, 但仍能推导出写函人的用意。至于业务进展与否, 阅函人作为进口商若有诚意达到这笔交易应该会接受所提议的D/P方式, 而不会理会出口商说了什么, 因此, 对进口商来说不会产生不利。

例 (6) 是进口商的讨价还价, 函中要求出口商把单价从20美元降至18美元。日本经销商的价格比你方低10%, 这是进口商的自我充实, 是进口商借以压价的旁证, 其真实性无从判断。这一添加充实的内容, 给写函人砍价找了一个漂亮的借口, 会造成阅函人理解时付出不必要的认知努力, 但阅函人仍可推导出其用意, 并在其后根据自己所处的市场的景况做出自己的决策, 双方业务关系只会按市场情况有序发展。

例 (7) 是进口商延误汇款的说明。函中说由于财务人员太忙是自我充实。进口商没有按合约要求汇出货款, 为了维护自己的正面面子, 也出于维护日后的合作关系需要, 进口商找来了这个原因作为一个较为体面的解释。虽然增加了阅函人理解时付出的认知努力, 减弱认知效果, 但阅函人终将寻找最佳关联所在, 理解写函人的用意。双方关系的维护与发展, 阅函人会按当时市场情况来衡量, 不会受写函人的解释左右。

总而言之, 虚型言语自我充实是写函人在自我充实中提供并不真实的信息, 从认知语用功能的角度来说, 并不能强化关联, 反而会削弱认识效果。阅函人只会根据所处的商务环境有不同的应对。至于为什么写函人会提供这些并不真实的信息, 其语用理据是明显, 其力争对已方有利的良好经济事态的愿望是可见。

4 结束语

在商务领域的实务中, 如建立或维护业务关系、讨价还价或索赔理赔等商业交际中, 写函人出于维护自身的利益和实施自己的意图, 常常会作出一些有利于自己的言语充实, 其自圆其说的言语时少时多, 时假时真, 这样做的原因, 利益原则可以加以解释。当然, 由于合作原则和关联原则的作用, 写函人力争自身利益的含意终将会被阅函人根据当时语境的关联关系识别出来, 尽管思辨过程会颇费周折。

摘要:函电中的自我言语充实可分成实型自我充实和虚型自我充实两个类型。实型自我充实补充真实相关的信息, 虚型自我充实补充非真实的信息。语用学原理和商业利益驱使可以帮助找出两种充实的语用理据。

关键词:外贸函电,自我充实,语用理据

参考文献

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